The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 23, 1901, Page 6

6 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, APRIL 23, 1901, ‘.........AAP§IL 23, 1901 JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. “Address All Communiostions t> W. 6. LEAEE, Manager. ANAGER'S OFFISF. “!Q/D/E/.::lel 204 PUBLICATION OFFICE Market and Third, S. F. Press 201. Teleph EDITORIAL ROOM .217 to 221 Stevenson St. Press 202. Teleph: Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Week. Single Copies, 5 Cents. Terms by Mail. Including Postage: SAILY CALL (including Sundas), one year. DAILY CALL (including Sunday), 6 month: DAILY CALis (including Sunday), 3 mont DAILY CALL—By SMigle Month WEEKLY CALL, One Year.. All postmasters are authorized to receive =ubscriptions. Sample coples will be forwarded when requested. fe33 e 8 Ma!l subscribers in ordering change of address should be particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order %o insure & prompt and correct compliance with thelr request. OAKLAND OFFICE .1118 Broadway C. GEORGE KROGNESS. Mensger Foreign Advertising, Marguetts Building, Chicago. (Long Distance Telephone “‘Central 2619."") NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: C. C. CARLTON. ... Herald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH. ...30 Tribune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: Weldorf-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, 81 Union Square; Murrey Hill Hotel CHICAGO NEWS STANDS: Eherman House; P. O. News Co.; Great Northern Hotel; Fremont House; Auditorium Hotel. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE. ...1406 G St., N. W. MORTOX E. CRANE, Correspondent. BRANCH OFFICES—32] Montgomery, corner of Cl 30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until 9:30 o'clock. 33 open until 9:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until 1941 Mission, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corner Sixteenth, open until § o'clock. 109 Valencia, open urtil § o’clock. 106 Eleventh, open until 9 o’clock. NW. cor- ner Twenty-second and Kentucky. open until 9 o'clock. open Specialties. ter—Vaudeville every afternoon and Vaudeville Tanforan Park—Races. 10 SUBSCRIBERS LEAYING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. Call subscribers contemplating a ch: residence during the mmer months e their paper forwarded by mail to their mew | ®ddresses by notifying The Call Business Office. This paper will also be on sale at all summer resorts and is represented by a local agent im 1 towns on the coast. THE EASTERN SPRINGTIME. T the beginning of April reports came from New England of storms of wind and rain ex- tending from Maine to Connecticut. All the streams and rivers rose to flood height; many bridges In several of the manufacturing were carried away. towns the mills were flooded and work stopped for a nur The damage was not great in any one I« but in the aggregate it amounted to a ! vast sum, and not a iew lives were lost, so that the arrival of spring in that section of the Union was.not an occasion for festivit, Now, as we approach the beginning of May, come reports of even wilder and wider floods and more extensive losses from a!l the region extending from Western Pennsylvania to Western Ohio. The streams are running in roaring torrents down from the moun- and the hills and cven such large rivers as the | Ohio <o carry off the water rapidly enough to prevent disaster. In fact, the Ohio is at The swollen and still swelling waters are pressing against the tops of the levees, and so near zrd imminent is the danger that the passing of steam- threatens to add just the final pressure of force recded t The watch- dents along the river perceive the danger, and we learn from the dispatches that in their desperation they have several times fired upon passing steamers as 2 warning to them rot to come near the shore. These disastrous floods over the whole reach of the settled parts of the United States are not due To a large extent they are the outcome of man’s folly. All through those States, from Maine to Ohio, men have cut away or burned wasted the forests that once stocd upon the hillsides and upon the mountains. In times past the forests served as natural reservoirs of by melting snows or the falling thzt they have been destroyed the channels of the streams in tor- ods follow and new losses to farm | | not able fiood height hoats » send the waves over the banks. ful re we whelly to the weather. or in other ways 1 the water releasec spring rains. N waters rush ¢ rential w and to § e added to the direct losses caused by the wa: e woods. From s now cccurring in the older States California ought to 1 a profitable lesson. It is n agreeable thing to say that the disas- lded proois of the superiority of our we do not have that kind of incoming oi Agp nd May. There is, however, scmething more in th: problem than climate. As yet our hills and mountains retain their forests and our not become wholly torrential. The waste of forests is, however, going on upon the Pacific Coast with an alarming rapidity. A few more decades without adequate protection for otur woods and the story of April and May on this coast will not be unlike fhat now coming from the banks of the Ohio. an easy and ters are only climate, and to rejoi s have ams It is said that the Chicago firm that has signed a contract for raising the Maine in Havana harbor ex- pects to make money by converting the material into Of course if the demand should exceed the supply it will be easy to make souvenirs out of other kinds of junk, s> every citizen willing to pay for it may expect to have something by which to re- member the Maine. Boston is discussing the advisability of ‘establishing a zoological garden ia one of her parks, and as San Francisco is discussing the project of establishing an aquarium, here is a good chance to see which city has the greater speed in carrying out a popular movement. souvenirs. Twenty-five of the largest soap manufacturing firms in the country are said to have organized a; association for managing the market. so now any one who wishes to wash lis hands of all trusts will have to do it without soap. The fact that Aguninaldo has been buying jewels may be a sign that he intends to settle down and be good, but he will never be thoroughly convinced of Ameri- can superiority until somebody induces him to buy = goid brick. | and arrearages reported by the Water | the city loses one-third of the amount which it should | due and who owes it.” | apparent economy to the same taxpayer as a water | the taxpayers, it is not habitual with the advocates of MUNICIPAL WATER ADVOCATES. HEN discussing such an interesting question W as the municipal ownership of public service in- dustries it is necessary to argue from the full data at hand. Supervisor Reed, in his interesting communication on that subject, quotes the statistics of the Merchants’ Association of New York, and shows that municipal water is cheaper per family than corporate water sup- ply by an average of two and a half cents per day per family. As the argument of economy to the consumer is justly potent it becomes necessary to examine the methods of administration and collection. A munici- pal supply is at the cost of all the taxpayers, as a cor- porate supply is at the cost of all the stockholders of the corporation. 1f the corporation is lax in its ad- ministration and its collections the amount apparently saved by the ratepayers is a loss to the stockholders. Also, if municipal ownership is careless in administra- tion and collection frore the consumers, the loss falls upon the taxpayers, and in their case reduces the ap- parent saving of two and a half cents per day per family. If the taxpaying head of a family save two and a half cents per day on his water bill, and pay out that amount or any part of it in taxes necessary to pay the cost of the water supply, the loss in taxes becontes a part of his water bill. The same Merchants’ Assc- ciation quoted by Supervisor Reed instituted an expert inquiry into the loss to the taxpayers of New York due to defective administration of the municipal water supply. Taking the metered water as the basis of his investi- gation the expert made an exhaustive inquiry. He found the water administration and the books and records in a hopeless condition of confusion, out of which it was scarcely possible to ascertain the loss to the taxpayers from a careless system of collection. He found that the revenue from metered water should have been $11,246,162, but that the collections made Registrar amounted to only $7,103.372, leaving a loss to the tax- payers of $4,142.790. ¢ He found that since 1891 no report of the metered water and collections has been made at all, and that collect for such water. In his conclusion the expert says: “I have cited ths facts as set forth as evidence that the present system of public records and reports in use in this city is insufficient, because it does not record or report the details of this city’s business in such form as to pro- tect the taxpayers against waste and corruption. The admission of the Commissioner of Water Supply is that the system under which the business of his department is carried on does not inform him what the proper water revenues of the city should be, and that he can- not, therefore, know whether the meter service of Manhattan should yield $2,500,000 or $5,000,000 per | year. It is obvious that the task of fully collecting the city’s revenue is a difficult one when the official charged with that duty does not know how much is 5 When this report was submitted the Merchants’ As- sociation passed the following resolution of indorse- ment: “Resolved, That the report showing discrepan- cies in the city revenues, dated November 21, 1900, wade +o this board by Mr. de Berard by direction of President King, be accepted and at once made public.” 1t is probable that an expert inquiry made into the water administration of Chicago, Philadelphia and Boston .will expose a similar deficiency .in revenues and a like offset of cost to the taxpayer, to balance | consumer. | What Mill called “the coarse and careless hand of | government,” forced intc the transaction of such es- [ seatially business affairs as public service industries, { is too apt to present a sheet with the balance on the wrong side. In estimating the economy of a municipal water supply, the expense of which has to be borne by all such policy to consider all the items, or to remember ’ thar the entire cost must be divided between all tax- vers and added to the rate paid for the water which cach consumes and pays for. A municipal plant pays no taxes, therefore the share which it should bear has to be borne by other property, and is added to the ratepayer’s burdens. To put a municipal plant in condition for compariscn with one in private or cor- porate ownership, it must be charged with the taxes which the private plant would pay, and with interest owthe cost of the plant. It must also be made equal to the private plant by using the same filtering and other devices to make the water safe and potable. As\we have shown in the case of Chicago, Washing- ton, Philadelphia, New York and Boston the quality of the supply is bad and is not bettered by the methods which public authority compels the private plants to use. If those methods are adopted in a public supply their cost and the interest thereori must be paid by the people, either in an increased price for the water or in taxation. When all these elements are taken into the calculation a comparison of cost between the two - methods of supply can be made and not before. W\-ation of the stage,” and suggestions have been | made again and again of the desirability of es- | tablishing an endowed theater for the production of “Jegitimate drama,” a change has been going on in the theatrical world which, if not checked or diverted from its present course, will leave us in a compara- tively few years with hardly any old-school stage to be elevated or any legitimate drama to be endowed. The change has been shown by the rapidly increas- ing scope and prestige of the vaudeville in the fisld of dramatic art. The time is not very far back in the past. when a vaudeville was hardly recognized as a genuine theater. It occupied a vague ground some- where between Shakespecare and a one-ring circus. It was a stage where clowns, acrobats, trick dogs and | comic singers were combined to give a variety enter- tainment for people who had no other desire than te langh. During the last few years a remarkable devel- opment has taken place. The vaudeville has grown at the expense of the legitimate drama and of opera, until to-day some of the foremost actors and singers of the world do not hesitate to accept vaudeville en- gagements. With the improved character of the per- formances there has come an improved audience. Not long ago the vaudeville was something that “society” did not recognize. At present in several of the larger cities of the country a vaudeville audience includes many of the most fastidious of theater-goers. Only a short time ago The Call directed attention to a report that the great Metropolitan Opefa-house in New York, the most sumptuous home of grand opera in this country, was about to pass into the hands ' of a company that would use it for vaudeville enter- tainments at popular prices. That was but one of the rany signs of the time. All over the United States the same tendency is observable. Commenting upon the situation in Boston the Transcript says: “Actor after actor, singer after singer, musician after musi- THE VAUDEVILLE STAGE. HILE the public has been discussing the “ele- cian, has renounced his conventional dignity as a ‘legitimate’ performer, and has comsented to serve the whims and caprices of vaudeville patrons. In doing <o the artists have all builded better than they knew, for the circle of variety theater-goers has been grad- ually widened under their influence, until it practically includes all to whom the footlights make their ap- peal” It is too early to nndertake to forecast what will he the result of the new development, or the effect which' the change will have upon our acting and our music. It is evident, however, that the United States is building up a new form of theatrical entertainment. it will doubtless contifiue to bear the old name of vavdeville, but it will be something widely different from what that name signifies in Europe. It is going to include the highest acting and the best of music, for American audienzes will demand the best; and in the end the development may prove to be something the nation may be proud to point to as its achievement in the line of theatrical art. THE PROBLEM OF DIVORCE. OR a long time past there has been an agitation for the establishment of something like uniform laws governing marriage and divorce throughout the United States. The efforts of the reformers have been to induce one State after another to enact such laws in accord with a system agreed upon. From the very nature of things their efforts have been fruitless of any result further than that of making known the evils of the present condition of affairs, and the out- lock of the movement for reform has never been bright enough to encourage practical legislators to de- vcte much of their time and energy to the cause. It now appears that something may be accomplished in the way of bringing order out of chaos by the Supreme Court of the United States. has recently given decisions in three divorce cases which not only serve to settle some disputed points growing out of the varying laws of the different States but may prove to be precedents out of which wi develop further decisions so far reaching in their effect as to virtually provide semething like uniformity of divorce and marriage in all the States. In two of the cases—cne from New York a®d one from New Jersey—the question involved the validity of divorces granted in Dakota when only one of the parties to the divorce was a resident of that State. It appears that in one case the husband and in the other the wife left home and went to Dakota, where, after living long enough to attain a legal residence, a | divorce was obtained. On returning to their former Lomes the parties found that the courts of New York and New Jersey would not recognize the Dakota divorce, and aecordingly an appeal was taken to the Supreme Court of the United States on the ground that the action of the State tribunals was unconstitu- tional, inasmuch as they refused to accept propetly authenticated decrees of the courts of other States as legal evidence of divorcement. According to the rzports from Washington the Su- lpreme Court in deciding the cases declared “that decrees of divorce granted anywhere except in the matrimonial domicile ofithe parties concerned are not entitled to faith and credit in the courts of any jurisdic- tion other than that in which the dissolution of the | marriage bond was obtained.” By the phrase “mat- rimonial domicile” is meant a place of residence where the parties to an action in divorce have lived together as husband and wife aad with the intention to make the same their home. A domicile acquired in a new jurisdiction by either husband or wife alone will not satisfy the conditions required to validate a divorce oatside of that jurisdiciion. In the third case both the wife and the husband lived in Kentucky for a time, but the wife left the home and went to New York to reside. The husband ought and obtained a divorce in Kentucky. The Supreme Court held that to be a valid divorce, be- cause the proceedings were taken in a State where both parties had a matrimonial domicile up to the period of desertion. The decisions have occasioned a good deal of at- tention in the Eastern States, where there are living a large number of people who have obtained divorces in States other than those in which they had a matri- monial domicile. The effect will, of course, be to put a check upon that method of getting divorce, and accordingly that particular problem may be said to have been settled. l proclamation remains to be demonstrated. Its best effects may not be its immediate and present influ- ence. It lacks that spontaneity and frankness which are based only on the ceitain and absolute. It announces a surrender to irresistible force and the belief that under “the sovereign banner of ihe United States the Filipino people will attain all those promised liberties they are beginning toyenjoy.” Until the American and Filipiro people have a common understanding of those promised liberties it is im- possible to predict permanent results and lasting peace. We may not be mistaken in saying that it is not the intention of the American people to admit the islands as states and their people as equal citizens. AGUINALDO’S MANIFESTO. T may well be that the importance of Aguinaldo’s | The racial and commercial problems which would generate in such a policy are too grave for it to be feasible. If Aguinaldo intend to hold out to his coun- trymen that statehood and full citizenship are near or remote his manifesto is full of future mischief and coes not deserve to be taken at high value. We believe that statehood has at no time been con- templated, either by Congress or the administration. Indeed, it is not left at all doubtful, for the administra- tion in its answer to the several suits now before the Supreme Court has distinctly antagonized the theory that the constitution follows the flag, and has dis- clzimed the belief that Porto Rico and the Philippines are potential states. Theréfore, our sovereignty in the Philippines is not interpreted by us to mean there what it means at home, and among and over ourselves. A careful reading of the Filipino general’s language clearly discloses that it contains the germs of future trouble, since it leaves open to him, or to any others, the way to interpret denial of statehood, citizenship and the liberties they promise as a violation of the promises to which he so vaguely refers. We have desired to see this issue closed as a part | of home politics, since its reopening at any time in | the future will be costly in many ways. It is of such supreme importance as tc warrant an amendment of the constitution, if necessary, to quiet forever any agitation for statehood. Tom L. Johnson as a candidate for the Présidency | may be absurd, but as lic started life as a messenger boy and has managed to get somewhere, other mes- serger boys might with profit study his example. Sir Alired Milner, *he British High Commissioner, lias left South Africa and is going home for a rest, and before long we may expect to hear Kitchener . complaining of the same tired feeling. That tribunal | and unoffen: i ropean with the master hanfl, the other | the native feudalism. | ministrative power believe they are sub- | decrees relating to the colonies must be | serves the right of calling upon him to re- | the same time in each province and by PAPERS ON CURRENT TOPICS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR THE SAN FrANCISCO CALL. How Holland Has Raised a Colonial Empire Sixty-Five Times Larger Than the Home By Harry Tuck Sherman. SERIES UNDER THE SUPERVISION O PRINCETON UNIVERSITY. (COPYRIGHT, 1901.) X.—THE DUTCH In the annals of succecstul colonization the small Dutch nation ranks next to Great Britain. With a population scarcely larger than thai of the city of London she has planted her standard in a vast region sixty-five times greater than that of her own little land of dikes and windmills and bas maintained her sdvereignty over 35,- 000,000 people cn the other side of the globe. Her task has been so great, so fraught with difficulties that Dutch colo- nization has become a veritable science. These colonies have always been admin- istered as conquered possessions, their | government has been autocratic and the inhabitants have never had a voice in the form or manner of government to which they are subjected. Such is the real rela- tlonship between the Dutch colonizers and those ovér whom they rule,'but the secret of this policy, so cunning on the part of the Dutch, consists in covering over this unpleasant truth so successfully that the natives believe themselves subjéect only to their natural chiefs, to their own princes and their national feudalism. In brief, the Dutch ruler hides the mailed fist beneath a silken glove by abstaining from all at- tempt at presolytism, moral or religious, and by paying a scrupulous respect to the customs and rites of the natives. The sys- tem of rule is really one of absolute sub- Jjection, in which the power at home im- poses upon the colonies, without consult- ing them, whatever legislation it thinks the most in its own interest, while the colonies themselves are represented neith- er in Parliament nor in the Government councils. A Dual System of Government. Contrary to the French, who have al- ways endeavored to force upon the na- tives whom they govern French manners and customs and to make their presence and their authority felt, the Dutch have made their J:rc«sence as little perceptible ing as possible by establish- ing a dual administration. There are, in | | habitants of the Dutch possessions, with Country. F PROFESSOR JOHN H. FINLEY OF EAST INDIES. natives, justice is dispensed according to their own institutions, customs and relig- fous obligations in so far as these har- monize with the acknowledged universal principles of justice. Discretion is given to the Judge to decide what religion. or custom shall qo\'!‘rn each particular case and when we%ake into consideration how vast are the eastern possessions of the | little Dutch kingdom, how great are the | varieties of race, of local customs, of re- ligious and social obligations, some idea can be formed of the extent of this dis- cretionary power. In 1873 the European criminal code was applied to all the in- the only difference that whereas the Eu- ropeans are punished by imprisonment the natives are punished by forced labor with or without chains. The system of tri- bunals and of court precedure of Euro- peans is similar in all its degrees to the courts of Holland. In the vital question of education, the rock-foundation of the future, the Dutch have put their principles of colonization severely to the test. In this, as in all other matters, their determination not to inter- fere with the traditions of the natives has been the guiding rule, and so the scmools are conducted in the native tongue. “‘One of the most tactful measures,” says an | authority on the subject, “employed by the Dutch to appease the natives and ease the burden of Dutch dominion, which the Dutch ever seek to conceal, is the use of the native languages in all their relations and intercourse with the natives.” Nearly all colonies founded by the great nations, both in modern as well as in an- clent times. the conauering nation has | forced its language upon the conquered | peovle, but the Dutch have found it far more practical, far more to their advant- | age, to learn the languages of the various | races they govern. As an example of this | it may be mentioned that Queen Wilhel ina iS now studying Javanese with grea assiduity. As to the religion of the colonies, the | Dutch have refrained from interfering in any way with the native beliefs. Moham. medanism, Buddhism and all the other < STREET VIEW | i | | | | | IN BATAVIA. fact, throughout the Dutch East Indles, two distinct administrations, the one Eu- composed of native princes and based on The natives being thus in contact only with the second ad- ject only to their natural masters, never realizing for a moment that their own princes are but_humble subjects of the sovereign of the Netherlands. Tt is, there- fore, in the above dual system that we find the true scurce of the colonial suc- cess of the Dutch. The colonial government is divided into two departments—namely, the home gov- ernment and the local government; the latter being subdivided into the European and native administrations. At home the supreme colonial power is vested in the sovereign, at the present moment Queen Wilhelmina, but the political responsi- bility of her acts, as rar as colonial mat- ters are concerned, is vested in the Min- ister of the Colonies, the present Minister being T. Cremer, a comparatively young man and a very able one. All royal countersigned by the Minister of the Colo- nies, who is, by virtue of his responsibil- ity, at liberty to refuse his signature. It is the Minister who is responsible to the States General us well as to the sovereign, and the latter's administrative and execu- tive power is wholly transferred to the Goyvernor General of the Dutch East Indies, to whom all colonial subjects owe the same respect and obedience as to their sovereign. This high official is appointed by the sovereign upon the recommenda- tion of the cabinet, but the sovereign re- sign when he thinks such a step neces- sary. The Governor General, as representative of the crown, is practically an absolute monarch. Tt is quite evident that such powers, reaching over a popu%.uon of 35,- 000,000, necessitates the creatioh of a great corps of functionaries to assist in the ad- ministration. Beyond this centralized Government, which is purely Duch and has its headquarters at Batavia, the capi- tal of the Dutch East Indies, we find the administration following immediately on its heels. This is by far the most interesting feature of the Dutch colonial system, adopted as far back as the old days of the Dutch East India Company, which, like its successors, gave predomi- nance in all colonial matters to those af- fairs that directly interested the commer- cial and financial side of their enterprise. -Position of Native Princes. From the time of the English rule the native princes were stvled ‘regents’and the Dutch Governors of the various prov- inces “residents.” The princes held their power by virtue of letters patent from the sovereign of the Netherlands and be- came in reality functionaries of the sov- ereign. Though the princes were divested of their own sovereignty by one fell blow. the Dutch were wise enough to respect scrupulously all their traditions, manners, laws, customs and usages in all walks of life. Their titles, marks of distinction, sumptuous manners of living, the pomp and ceremony and etiquette of the va- rious courts have always been carefully preserved and zealously protected, but at the side of each regent there is a Dutch Deputy Governor. This latter function- ary keeps himself quite in the dark and appears modest and unassuming, yet he is the ruling power and, in order to sat- isfy the native population, he is known as'the “elder brother” of the prince, for according to Mohammedan law. prevalent in the Dutch East Indies, the elder broth- er has authority over the younger. Again the Dutch have given evidence of great tact in not following the e policy in all districts, awaiting their time and only imposing their authority when and where crcumstances have been most favorable. And it is thus that the great- er part of Java and Madura, in spite of the dual administration, is under the ab- solute . dominion of the Dutch, although some districts enjoy a certain amount of indevendence. In the other possessfons, out of Java and Madura, the independ- ence of the native princes is still far greater and the dominion of the Dutch but nominal Double Judicial Systems. For the Europeans, living in these colo- nies, civil, commercial and criminal law is administered, as far as is _compatible with the surroundings, in accordance with the laws of the mother country. For the Oriental “isms” flourish without let or| hindrance and Christian missionaries are forbidden to attempt proselytism, being only allowed to minister to Christian com- munities already existing. The Commerce of the Indies. And now we come to the practical part of this great colonial work of the hardy little Dutch nation—the trade of Java, the source of the greatest riches that have been amassed in Holland. At the present time the greater part of | the trade of Java and Madura is carried | on directly with Holland, but since the greater commercial liberty established in 1872 the trade with Great Britain has taken large proportions. England buys the raw sugar, which she exchanges for cotton goods and hardware, while the United States, France and China have an important trade with the Bast Indian islands. In 1399 the customs receipts of Java and Madura were $4,193,330. From the sale of coffee, salt. sugar, bark and_tin | the Government realized in 1900 nearly $60,- 000,000, while the expenditures were about $600,000 more. In 1838 the exports, in addi- tion to the above mentioned items, includ- ing tobacco, indigo, gums and spices, for Java and Madura alone amounted to $90,- 750,000, while the imports amounted to about $75,000,000. All this tropical wealth is protected by an army of 34,000 men, of whom 18,000 are Eurcpeans, commanded by a leutenant genaral, who is commander-in-chief of the colonial forces and Minister of War for the Colonies, and by a navy of eighteen war vessels manned by meh, all_of whom belong to the mother country. Be- sides these war vessels there is a small fleet of state corvettes that do police duty along the coasts. Conditions in Sumatra. The Hollanders have rot yet succeeded | in conquering the natives of Sumatra, and | the soyvereignty of The Netherlands over | that island is only nominal. Sumatra is really a vast part of the Dutch East In- dian possessions and thirteen times larger than Holland. The independent popula- tions in the northern districts have re- fused to cede their right to self-govern- ment. The Netherlands Government, in the frequent conflicts following the year 1873, has learned this to its cost and as a consequence the remarkable Dutch sys- tem of colonization has never had a fair trial throughout the island. The Achinese still remain defiant, but when once con- quered, it is to be expected that the Dutch will apply their favorite schemes here as they have done with such good results in Java and Madura. 1t is believed that Sumatra was once the center of a vast Malay empire, enjoying a considerable degree of civilization and | practicing the arts and commercial pur- suits. Except for some architectural ruins, there is now no trace of this an- clent civilization. Although the popula. tion is chiefly composed of Mohammedan Malays, the inhabitants of Acheen show a marked difference from those of other districts. Tt is these Achinese, who con- stitute an independent kingdom, who have struggled so effectively against the Dutch for a period of twenty-nine years. They number _about £00,000 and occupy a terri. tory of 2200 square miles. It has been pre- dicted in some quarters that the Dutch will never succeed in_ subjugating these unwilling subjects. Students who have observed them closely declare that the task of pacifying them either by force or by persuasion is almost hopeless, The ultimate outcome is a matter of conjec~ ture, but it seems most probable that were it not for the sake of the national prestige The Netherlands Government would have been willing long ago to leave the people of Acheen to themselves and thus esca; the steady loss in lives and treasure whlgl'i has been the result of the effort to sup. due them. 4 —_— OALI?OBNIANSLN WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, April 22.—The following Californians nave arrived: St. James.. James J. Lycet, Mrs. J. R. Sims, W, H. Manning, J. Rendigo and son, San Fran. cisco; Frank Savage, Los geles. Na- tional—W. C. Waters and wife, L. H Waters, R. P. Crillin, Miss K. Davis, San Francisco. Metropolitan—B, J. Moore, San Jose. Raleigh—C. K. Bonestell, Mrs. Fritz Goerl, A. Tashima, Mrs. Gervis Ta- shima, San Francisco. Willara—M. J. Netter, San Francisco. Corcoran—R. W. Osborn and wife, San Francisco. | | moore, Cal. | holding the deed, finds gold-bearin; | PERSONAL MENTION. J. J. Mooney of Visalia is a guest at the Lick. Charles J. Wilcox of Visalla Is regis- tered at the Lick. ' J. G. McKenny, a merchant of Los An- geles, is at the Palace. Charles Francee, a furniture dealer of Salinas, is at the Grand. Lewis T. Wright, a mining man of Shas- ta County, is at the Palace. H. L. Kenyon, an oil man of Bakers- field, is a guest at the Lick. C. W. Eastin, a Modesto attorney, regis- terea at the Grand yesterday. B. M. Lombard, an insurance man of Portland, Or., is at the Palace. John D. Works, an attorney of Los An- geles, is a guest at the Palace. W. H. McClintock, a mining man Soncra, is staying at the Lick. L. Shane, a merchant of Sacramento, is spending a few days at the Palace. H. B. McElroy, a mining man of Olym- pia, Wash., is a guest at the Palace. H. R. Warner, one of the managers of Highland Springs, is a guest at the Grand. J. M. Wilmans, an extensive rancher and landowner of Newman, Is a guest at the Occldental. E. M. Shelton of Seattle, a director of the Montezuma Mining Company. which has large copper interests in the Tahoma and Carbon river districts of Washington, is at the Lick.- He reports great activity in mining affairs in his State, with pro- digious development assured the coming surcmer. —_——————————— CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK, April 22—The following Californians are in New York: From San Fran o—R. Christensen, at Cosmopoli- tan: Mrs, M. Frank, .at Ashland; Mrs. H. Grant, at St. Nicholas; A. Gaentzch, at Holland; Mrs. M. 8. Griffith, at Park Ave- nue; S. M. Herman, at Rossmore; F. Hyl- ton, at Broadway Central; Mrs. H. K sing, at Gilsey; D. McClure, at Grand Union; Miss A. Susman, at Gilsev: H. ne, at Belvedere; T. B. Phely, at Gil- e From Los Angeles—S. B. Orden, Miss Barzeta, at Manhattan. From San Jose—B. 1. Moore, at Holland. ANSWERS TO QUERIES. TO CORRESPONDENTS.—Answers to queries sent to this department are sent in as soon as obtained and they appear in print in the order that they are turned in, as space will permit. Questions are easily asked, but answers arc not easily obtained in every instance, 8o If correspondents do not see the answer two or three days after they send in the query they should not feel disappointed. CONDOLENCE—Subscriber, City. It you desire to acknowledge cards of conda- lence on the receipt of floral pieces you should do so as your judgment dictates. There is no set rule governing such mat- of | ters. BRITISH AND CHINESE-E. A. C. City. To address a communication to the first secretary of the British or Chinese Legations at Washington, D. C, write “Mr. G. A. Lowther, First Secretary, British Legztion, Washington, D. C.."” or “Mr. Shen Tung, First Secretary, Chinese Legation,” etc. The office of the British Consulate in San Francisco is at 506 Bat- tery street and that of the Chinese Consul 1 Is at 806 Stockton street. HAWAITAN RAILROADS—S., Newark, Cal. The railroads of the Hawanan Islands are: The Hilo road, which was in- corporated March 28, 1999 and which on June 1, 1900, had cars running seven miies from Hilo to Olaa Mills, fourteen miles of track laid and twenty-three graded. and a road that is to run from Hilo to the port of Mahukona, in the Kohala distriet. Tha company obtained a franchise in June, 1899, but by the Ist cf last January the road was not started. The Cooper Broth- ers, formerly in the sugar business, hav.s a_scheme for a railroad that will connect all the sugar plantations of the Kau and Kona districts. It is proposed to star: | the road at Pahala. CANADIAN CENSUS-S. J. K., Le- The figures of the census of the Dominion of Canada have not yet been given out, nor is there any estimate of the population. The ‘atest figures are those of the census of 1591: Montreal} 216,650; Toronto, 181, Quebec, 63,000; Hamilton, 48,980; Oftawa, 44.154; John, 39.179: Halifax, 38,55%: London, 31,977 ‘Winnipeg, 642; Kingston, 19,284; Vietoria, B. C., 16,841 Vancouver, B. C.. 13,68; St. Henri, 13.415; Brantford, 12,753; Charlottetown, 1L Hull, 11,26; Gueiph, 10,i39; St. Thomas, 10, Windsor, 10,322; Sherbrooke, 10,110; Belleville, 9914; Peterboro, 9717; Stratfor gonde, 9293; St. Catharines, 917 9052; Brockville, 8793; Moncton, $765; Woodstocl Trois Rivieres, 8334; Galt, 75 74%5; Levis, 7301; St. Sarnia, 6693; Sore §641; Fredericton, 8502 Yarmouth, 6089; Lind- Valleyfleld, 5518; Truro, 5102; Port Hope, MI RAL ON SCHOOL LAND-—Sub- scriber, Cal. This correspondent writes: “A man holds a piece of State school land on which 20 per cent has been paid and the deed is recorded. A man, not the one quartz on the land. Can he take up a claim upon it?"" The rule is settled that mineral lands are exempt from the grants of school lands to the State. Consequently if min- erals should be embraced in any of the school lands the title does not pass to the State (Lindley on Mines, 136. A standard work on mines). In pursuance of this rule it was held in Mining Company vs. Con- solidated Mining Company, 102 U. 8., 167, where there was a controversy, one claim- ing under a patent of school land from the State and one claiming the same property under the mining laws of the United States, that the title of the State claimant must yield, as the mineral portion never vested in the State. This case was fol- lowed in Hermocilla vs. Hubbell, 38 Cal., 5. It would seem from this that a party can take up a mineral claim under the laws of the United States on school lands, gve? though the Jand has been sold by the tate. CHANCE TO SMILE. No_rose without its thorn, you'll find, No quiet block without {ts singer; No_cloud without its silver line; No honey bee without its stinger. —Yonkers Statesman. uant!- etters She—Do you remember what ties of love you sent me in your before we were married? He—Yes; but why throw that in my face? “I have often wondered how they al- lowed so much of it to go through the postoffice.” “Why so?" “You know there is a rule prohibitin, perishable things to be transmitte. through the mails."—Yonkers Statesman. “Who married you?" askéd the Justice of a eolored citizen, who had been brought before him for some domestic trouble. “You did, suh.” b Constitution. “Have you ever given any thought to the dangers which threaten this repub- lic?” inquired the apprehenstve. “I don’t belleve a_word of such talk.™ answered Senator Sorghum. “I rely on the common sense of the masses. And nothing will convince me that you can't keep people from getting obstinate and voting against you, provided you have lenty of money and are willing to spend ft.”—WBshlngton Star. i Cholce candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel® —————— Cal. glace fruit 50c per 1b at Townsend’s.* Townsend's California glace fruits, 50¢ a und, in_fire-etched boxes or Jap. bas- Rote V639 Market, Palace Hotel balldings Special information supplied dafly to business houses and public ' men bi the Press Clipping Bureau (Allen's), 510 Mont- gomery street. Telephone Main 1042, The average woman goes to the mar- riage altar with a lingering fear that she will either have no children at all or else too many. SALIEAMPAL L Dr. Sanford’s Liver Invigorator. Best Liver Medicine, VegetableCure. Liver Bilicusness, !ndlfle:(lnn. Conltlp‘tl‘(:. &hx;’:.; o am b Rt ot et Br. Siegerts the only gomuine. Beware ot the polsonous domestic substitute and Imitation. * }