The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 23, 1901, Page 6

Che il @all. veses-..MARCH 23, 1901 SATURDAY.. JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. rd;r; Al Communiestions to W. 8. LEAKE, Manager. MANAGER'S OFFICE ..Telephone Press 204 PU BI;ICA’I'IO.\' OFFICE Market and Third, 8. F. Press 201. Telep! EDITORIAL ROOMS, .217 to 221 Stevemson St. Telephone Press 202. Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Week. Single Coples, 5 Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postage DATLY CALL (including Sunday), ome year. DAILY CALL (including Sunday), 6 months. LY CALL Gneluding Sunday), 3 months. CALL—By Single Month. SUNDAY CALL, One Year. WEEKLY CALL, One Yea & - All postmasters are authorized to receive subscriptions. Eample coples Will be forwarded when requested. il subscribers in ordering change of address should be ¢ r to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order pt and correct compliance with their request. re » pro AKLAND OFFICE... ....1118 Broadway C. GEORGE KROGNESS. Masager Forsign Advertising, Marquetts Building, Chieago. (Long rce phone “Central 2619.”") NDENT ..Herald Square NEW . CARLTON NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH 30 Tribune Bullding NF S STANDS: : A. Brentano, 31 Union Square; YORK CORRE: c. C EWS STANDS: P. O. ws Co.; Great Northern Hotel: Auditor Eherman House Fremont H. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE. ...1406 G St., N. W. MORTON E. CRANE, Correspondent. BRANCH OFFICES— 27 Montgomery, corner of Clay, open | unti] $:3¢ o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until 9:30 c'clock. €73 McAllister, cpen untll 9:20 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until :20 o'clock. 1941 Mission, open until 10 o’clock. 2261 Market, open until 9 o'clock. 109 Valencia, open and Kes AMUSEMENTS. uckv. open until 9 o'elock. aing Day.” Monday night. ery efternoon and TO SUBSCRIBERS I:;".A\hNG TOWK E(;R THE SUMHMER. Caill subseribers contemplating a change of resideance during the summer months can have iheir paper forwarded by mail to their new addresses by notifying The Call Business Office. This puper will also be on sale at all summer resoris aud is represented by a local agent in =il towns on the coast. SOUTH CAROLINA JARRED. State has not had such a jar ke as she had when ally joined the Re- 1 as a supporter of the ninistration. e politicians call the roll y in deadly fear McLaurin is being bu ent ing done by men who secretly tives dai seems con clares that two years hence, e will ¢ rry the issue into the 1sh the country with a surprise t McLaurin's case is merely tion that s rife throughout mocratic structure in that r uravailing champion- wb losing campaigns -has made the r of ever regaining the con- the North in a Democracy led by him. , despair of being able to shake him of. believe in free silver, nor any of the he insists are principles that must be d the South sees only a black They no longe adhered to, herefore there exists the bold de- on take a new departure, support the mic and international policies of the President honey in her purse. ous that the Southern members of Con- re on the best personal terms with the Presi- i 2t the White House are on the 1 v listen in Congress with im- ciations of him, and even those who indulge in perfunctory criticism are in the pning over to the White House to explain that it is stage thunder. The steadfastness of border States. like West Vir- ginia, Maryland and Delaware since they entered the Republican column and the material results of their change of front have made a profound impression upor that the Solid South is broken to stay broken. Ii the Republicans nominate in 1904 a candidate who has something of President McKinley’s frank- ness and adroit amiability Tammany and the North- ern Bryanites will not charm wisely enough to hold { the South in line. Lord Wolseley comglains that when he became commander-in-chief of thie British army he found the position was that of x mere figure-head, and that he could not act with efficiency becauge the War Depart- ment continually interfered with him. It remains to be seen whether Lord Roberts will be as quiet as Wolseley was under such restrictions, or whether he will attack the red tape intrenchments and take them by storm. * From the arrangements now being made to adorn every station along McKinley’s route through Califor- nia there will be no occasion for orators to remind him this is the land of flowers. He will, in fact, see hardly anything but blossoms, and it might be worth while to tell him that on some of our land we grow prunes. PP » Washington authorities have decided in ;sending. Consuls to South Africa to notify whatever Govern- ment happens for the moment to be in possession of the place to which the Consul is accredited. Uncle Sem is evidently determined to keep track of some of the ubiquitous Boer generals. . The people who have been so Joud in declaring the Chinese Government ro be the weakest political or- ganization in the world evidently overlook the Euro- " pean concert. ¥, % Eleventh, cpen until § o'clock. NW. cor- | the other Southern States,.and it is safe to say | CUBAN MISREPRESENTATION. HE frenzy into-which this country was wrought T over the Spanish oppression of Cuba was in a great measure due to florid misrepresentation of the situation there. As.a retrospective matter it rhay now be said with confidence that as far as the in- terests of Cuba were concerned they and the indepen- dence of the island would have been secured in a few months by diplomacy. In the essence of it we did not go to war with Spain about Cuba at all. Had the Maine not been destroyed in Havana harbor the wise and temperate course of the administration, backed. by public opinion, wonld have prevailed in spite of the oratory of Congress and the tragic reports of special commissioners. But the loss of a warship and the greater loss of American lives in the catastrophe, charged to Spain, was the last spark in the tinder of public sentiment and put it on the side of the mar- tial members of Congress, leaving the administration no choice except to give to that body entire control. Since then many disquieting things have happened, and the end is not yet; ' but the most ‘disagreeable of all is now, as in the beginning, the Cuban situation. The administration is not to blame that the people were misled by the speeches in Congress and the manufactured reports of the press. The Cuban junta in New York was primarily responsible, for it en- couraged, and probably. paid for, a great deal of the matter that misdirected public opinion. But, aside | from the junta’s work, magazine articles by as cool- headed men as General Fitzhugh Lee contributed their share to the general misconception. While Lee’s article on Gomez. Garcia and the other Cuban | leaders did not descend to the penny dreadiul style | of the New York Journal and other papers, it was on that account more infiuential. In like manner ‘the | speech of Senator Proctor of Vermont captivated the sober, thinking mind of the country and added the great mass of thoughtful citizens to the infuriated | contingent which wanted war at all hazards. | The little war with big consequences followed, and | now we have the same class of men and newspapers that urged it on engaged in another form of decep- | tion in which the Cubans themselves are the victims. | Canceling out the differences in race and climate, the | Cubans, by their former friends and present critics, are being brought to judgment by the sternest Anglo- | Saxon standard. Their idea of liberty is being shown | up as a romantic fancy, their hope of independence an uneasy dream. Everything relating to their “views of seli-government and aspirations for its at- | tainment is treated from’ the standpoint of contempt. | They are made to appear as williul juniors in the human family, the ldren of the house, who must not be trusted to go alone lest they fall down and run the scissors in xhair'e_vc, Yet these are the same people said by members of Congress and the press to have a government, ruling in justice a free people, with an exchequer, public -schools and all the spirit and body of a civilized state! Ii all that were true, what has changed them? Surely not pur presence among them, fot that is sup- posed to teach and exhort to seli-government by our high example! The latest attack on the people of the island by their former advocates in this country is a blow direct at the hope for law and order there. It is an- rounced that the rural guards, the country gendarmes, keep the peace and preserve order by day, and by night turn bandits and rob the rural people cont mitted to their charge. This is, in some quarters, ac- cepted as proof positive that the Cubans are unfitted for seli-government, and that indefinite personality, Capital, is represented as afraid to go to the island for fear of being stolen by the officers of the law and the executors of order! No more sinister and lying attack was ever made upon a people, granting the fact charged to be a iact. The Cubans have no government of their own. They collect and disburse no taxes; they em- ploy no police and commission no rural guards. They are under the military government of the United States in everything, from the appointment of a dock officer in Havana harbor to that of a ragged guard in the mountains. The Cubans are not responsible for order nor the making nor the enforcement of the laws un- der which they live. They have less voice in their | governmeént than they had under Spain. We govern them. These noble patriots who were compared to Washington and his compatriots are powerless in our hands, and -it is the depth of effrontery and the height of hypocrisy to charge against them the lack of the protection to person and property that may outbreak in any part of the island. We warn the country now that if the policy of mis- representation and a misinformed public opinion shall continue and prevail, the United States'will be repeat- |ing in Cuba the experience of Spain. We will have our incommunicados and our reconcentrados as Weyler had, and the sin and stain of it on our hands will be more indelible than upon those of Spain. Against the background of selfishness and misrep- resentation, inside and outside of Cuban circles, one declaration stands in living light, to shame the self- | seekers everywhere. That is the averment of General | Gomez to General Carnot: “People attach too much importance to the action of the convention in making | me eligible to the Presidency. It means nothing to me. The point regarding the eligibility of the gen-- erals who fought in the war should never have been discussed, as it leaves the country open to a condition of things such- as happened to Spain in the ddys of Amadeo and to Mexico in the days of Maximilian. No foreigner in Cuba has expressed a desire to be President. As for myself, I would not' accept the office. It will be enough for me to have a republic established.” The Los Angeles Grand Jury has made charges of | corruption against several officials and has recom- | mended punishment and removal from office; but | the matter can hardly be called sensational, for the | people have heard too many charges of that kind from too many juries to be startled at the old cry. s e CHEAP LIBRARY POST.. DESPITE the indifference with which Congress treated the biil providing a cheap postal rate for books circulated by public libraries, the New England Education League continues the cam- | paign of education on the subject and is making ear- nest efforts to attain success at the next session cf Congress. To that end the league has just issued an attractive pamphlet containing’a copy of the bill, an explanation of its purposes, andathe principal argu- ments in its favor. It is to be hoped the efforts will be successful. The measure is in the interests of the whole people, and the cost entailed would be as noth- ing in comparison with the benefits resulting from its adoption. . % Briefly stated the object of the bill is to provids that public librarics may circulate books through the 1mail; at a cost of one cent a pound, or fraction thereof. The libraries that would be entitled to the THE SAN FfiAKGISCO benefits of the act are such as are maintained:by pub- lic taxation; school, college and other educational libraries; and “society or social libraries having en- tire ‘or partial tax exemption, or other public privi- leges, maintained by endowment or taxation, or from both sources, by religious, literary, professional, trade, industrial or library associations.” The ‘advantages of the plan are that it will make “books more accessible to the general public, will bring ity libraries into direct relation with readers living in the country, increase the ‘educational facilities of every State in the Union, and lead to a cultivation among the people of a taste for a higher standard of .eading than is now common. i The only valid objection that has been made to the plan is that it would entail a loss upon the Postoffice Department. That objection is, howéver, weakened by the fact that the postoffice would not have to carry library: books any considerable distance, and at a conference held at Wash- ington upon the subject it was conceded that the cent rate of postage is profitable within a radius of thirty miles, and decasionally profitable at sixty miles. Furthermore, the experience of other countries with parcels posts is favorable to a much reduced rate for a library post. The pamphlet adds: “The express companies carry for cent rate second class matter in a Jarge area as New England and the Middle States wherever they have offices. Their minimum charge is fivz cents, but they ‘call for and re- ceipt for packages and deliver to address. A similac library area seems equally practicable for the postal system.” If Congress classifies library books as sec- ond class matter it is probable the express companies will give to libraries the same favorable rate.” The issue is one that should be taken up by the country at Jarge. New England should not be left to make alone the fight for a méasure of such impor- tance to all sections of the Union, A cheap library post is one of the things we should expect and de- mand at the next session of Congress. ————————— Great Britain and Russia have acted wisely in taking that question of the railroad siding at Tientsin out of the hands of soldiers and turning it over to diplomats; and now if an arrangement can be made to let the United States construct the siding and run the railroad everybody will be satisfied except the Chi- nese, and they do not count. SOUTHERN PACIFIC IMPROVEMENTS RATIFYING indeed is the announcement that G orders have been given in the engineering de- partment of the Southern Pacific that new, at- tractive and convenient ‘railroad depots are to be erected along all lines of the road where the present structures are old and unsightly. The gratification is increased by the announcement that the work is t. begin at once, and that at several towns of the Statg new depots will soon be in process of construction. The world well understands the effect of first im- pressions, but it does not always live up td the under- standing. Those whoare wise enough to live up to it make a good profit from their wisdom. The mer- chant who makes his shop entrance as attractive as possible, the manufacturer who makes his wares as pleasing to the eye at first sight as he can, and the individual who makes himself as charming to the stranger as to the friend, never loses anything by the effort. Such things pay. One of the grievances the people of California have had against the former managers of the Southern Pacific Company was that they made no effort what- ever to give travelers over their lines a good impres- sion at first sight of California villages, towns and cities. Any sort of a structure sufficiently strong to keep out wind and weather was sufficient for them In many instances the railroad depots are so dingy that the visitor who looks upon them naturally forms the.opinion that the community must be made up of shiftless, thriftless, careless people, without- enough energy to paint a barn. To the fleeting tourist who sees little of the towns and of the business carried on there the one thing by which he can judge the localitigs he passes is the railroad dépots. It is thére- fore not surprising that many of them go away with the idea that Californians are lacking in artistic taste and business energy; that they are'content with any sort of building so long as it keeps the rain off. The railroad managers of other lands have besn wiser in that respect than the former Southern Pa- cific managers. They have made their railway stations attractive in many ways. In Great Britain not only are all the railway depots excellent in design and con- struction, but even the grounds around them are kept adorned with grass and with flowers. In France they carry this careful regard for first impressions to such an extent that last year during the exposition the railways removed from their _stations and depots every sort of glaring advertising so-as to show nothing that would mar the general attractiveness of the build- ings and their surroundings. of work has been done in our Eastern Statgs, and the results have been profitable not only to the different communities along the lines but to the railways them- selves. . € Good work is- catching. From one man it passes to another. The improvement of a railway station is nearly always followed by a local improvement of the streets leading to it and the buildings surround- ing it. . + If the Southern Pacific should provide San Fran- cisco with a railway passenger station of the first class, so that every stranger upon entering it would be at once aware he had reached a city of metropolitan rank, it would not be long before Third street and Fourth street would be improved and made stately thoroughfares lined with noble buildings. Public spirit and the enterprise of individual owners would unite to make the avenues which, connect the heart of the city with a spacious and noble depot, worthy of their position as thoroughfares between two points of such note. p It may be asserted without hesitation that if under the new management the Southern Pacific railroad is | to improve its depots along all of its lines the bene- fits to California will be manifold greater than the cost, and the railroad will make a profit out of its improvements. That is the law of progress, and it is gratifying that President Hays not only understands it but is going to act upon it. i —— Up to this time Carnegie has not expressed any in- tention to provide San Francisco with.a library build- ing, and if his silence mean that he thinks us capable of taking care of ourselves better than New York or Philadelphia we owe him thanks for the compliment; but if he be of the opinion that we have all the library hcflifle‘ we need or deserve he is off his trolley. King Edward’s declaration that all men who visit ‘him hereafter must come in court dress will be so ad- vantageous to the tailors of London that those who have trusted him for clothing in the past might as well cancel their bills against him and get their money back from the general public. . Much of the same kind | PAPERS ON PREPARED BY EXPERT CURRENT & I TOPIGS. > S AND SPECIALISTS FO THE SAN FraNcisco CALL. Elaborate System by Which the United States Government Insures Protec- tion to Ameri can Inventors.. -'. By C. H. Duell, COPYRI The framers of the Federal constitution incorporated into that document a clause giving to Congress an authority which was then considered of minor importance, but ‘which in the process of time has done more for the upbuilding of the United States than the most vivid imagination could then have conceived possible. The clause to which I refer is known as para- graph 8 of section $ of articlel of the Federal constitution, under which Con- gress is given the power “to promote the | progress of science and the useful.arts by seécuring for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive rights to their re- spective writings and discoveries.” It is the patent system—the outgrowth of that constitutional provision—which is the sub- Ject of this paper. It has ever been a debatable question whether the hope of reward is a greater incentive to action than the fear of pun- ishment, but if cannot be successfully questioned that ths hope of reward has been that which has transformed the dreamer into the man of action, and lated men to transform their thinking inlo things.”” Issuing the First Patent. The authority conferred upon Congress was soon exercised. President Washing- ton in his annual message to Congress in 1750 called attention to the subject and on April 10, 179, the first law upon the sub- ject was enacted. . The importance of the exercise of care in the granting of patents would seem to have been impressed upon Congress by the fact that it constituted the Sccretary of State, the Secretary of War and the Attorney General a board to consider all applications for patents. That this tri- bunal carefully considered the utility and importance of inventions presented for patent I infer from the fact that only fifty-seven patents were issued under this act prior to its supersedure by the statute of February 21, 1793. The first patent is- sued was to Sarduel Hopkins, July 31, 179, for “making pot and pearl ashes.” The act of 1793 remained in force, as amended from time to_tlme, until the act of 1536 was passed. The acts of 179 and 1793 dif- fered in some respects, the most impor- tant of which was that under the act of 1793 a patent was issued to any one who made the necessary allegations and com- plied with the formal requirements, while the act of 17% required an examination into the novelty and utility of the inven- tion. In respect to the requirements of an examination, the act of 1536 followed that of 179, and since 1536 patents have been issued only after an examination and a comparison between the invention claimed and the prior art, so far as known to the experts of the Patent Office. By ‘“prior art” is meant prior domestic and foreign patents and Rubllcnuom and any known prior use in this country. TImportant Work of the Patent Office. The scope of this article does not per- mit reference to the various amendments made to the act of 1836. Suffice it to say that, with modifications, it remained in force until the revision of the patent laws in 1870. This revision was largely a con- The act of 1870 was repealed and substan- tially re-enacted in the Revised Statutes of the United States in 1875. The number of patents granted prior to July 25, 153, was 9957. Since that time m&’m patents, not including designs, have been issued. Since 1836 the receipts of the gflice and the expense of conducting it have wonderfully increased. The receipty during the year 1537 were less than $30,000, while the expenses of carrying on the of- fice exceeded the receipts by about $4000. The receipts for the vear 19500 were some- thing above $1,210,000, with expenses of about $1,250,000. ‘The réceipts of the Patent Office up to the present ttime have ex- ceeded its disbursements by over $5,000,000. 1n 179, when patents were first granted, the occasional service of one clerk suf- ficed to do the clerical work connected with the issuing of patents. At the pres- ent time the force of the Patent Office numbers 679. In 1836 it was comparatively easy to examine the “prior art” and de- termine the novelty of the claimed inven- tion. . At the present time the work of ex- amination is of enormous magnitude, and it is not to be wendered at that patents are often issued which should have been rejected. 3 Great Benefit of the Patent Laws. The patent laws of the United States are more beneficent than those.of any other country, and more labor is per- formed under them, with the least pe- cuniary return to the Government, for the benefit of inventors irrespective of their nationality, than is generally understood. And vet the United States could have well afforded to bear all the expenses con- nected with the"issue of patents without the payment of any fees by the inven- tors, for it is invention that has made possible the unparalleled growth of the country in population and wealth. Elimi= nate the cotton gin, the reaper, the elec- T tolegraph, the sewing machine, the typewriter, the tel;&hone. the drive well, !vae rotary web-perfecting printing press, the perfected dynamo and a host of other Imerhiorious inventions, and this country, insteag of being a world power, would be a feeble nation, with much of its broad domain uncultivated, the home of wild animals and still more.savage men. The debt of the United States to inventors and discoverers will be partlally repaid some day by the erection at tbe utiful capi- tal of the nation of a bufldmfi of m fl- cent proportions, in which shall be illus- trute§ in npp:&rla!e manner the growth of the Industrial arts. What Inventions' May Be Patented. The patent law provides that to the one ‘who, ving invented or discovered any. new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement tnereof, not known or used by others in this country before his inyentfon or_discovs thereof, and not ented or described in any ication In this or any for. before his invention or discovery thereof, or more than two years rrlor to his appli- cation, and not in public use or on sale in the United States for more than two years prior to his application, s the same is proved to bave been oned, a patent, upon due application b#fing made therefor and upon payment of the nominal fee of 335, will issue under thé seal of the Patent Office, for a term of seventeen years, granting to the ntee, his he! or assigns, the exclusive right use and vend the invention or discovery throughout the United es and the Ter- ritories thereof, referring to the specifi- cation for the particulars thereof. Nay, more, the inventor is required to pay only of the $3% In order to have the ques- tion determined whether or not a patent skall fssue to him, and he is allowed a period of x months after the allowance of his mg ation for patent in which to pay the Government fee of $20. Making Application for a Patent. Applications for patents must be made in writing, and an applicant must file in the Patent Office a written dc cription of his invention and og:n% manner and pro- oa believes to be the orj :flim inventor or discoverer of th:‘:r-lt. gz'vemm for.;hieh c::‘un ‘nomi lieve ‘th the same was ever known or his ipvention or dlscovery 1he “and must of wiat country B bl ARGty Gtare. fhat T Tavins ‘has not been pat Ld Datented to the inventor which has, as has been well said, “stimu- | solidation of the statutes then in force. | COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS. GHT, 1901. VI.—-HOW TO GET A PATENT. or to others with his knowledge or con- | the Grand. sent in this or any foreign country for tion, or an application for a patent filed in any foreign country by himseif or his | legal representatives or assigns more than seven months prior to his application. { any application for a patent has been fil | in any foreign country by the applicant in this country, or by his legal representa- 1 this country, he shall state the country been filed, giving the date of such appli- | eauion, and shall also state no application | has been filed.in any other country or countries than those mentioned. The oath must a’so state that to the best of the ap- plicant’s knowledge and belief the inven- tion has not been in public use or on sale in the United States, nor described in any printed publication or patent in this or any forelgn couitry, for more than two | {;?rs prior to his application in this coun- Information for Inventions. An applicant may prepare and prosecute his own application and, for the purpose of giving him as much information-as pos- sible, the Patent Office furnishes, without charge, upon request, printed coplies of the patent laws, rules of practice and forms. It is, however, much better for the appli- ./ cant to employ a patent attorney to pre- pare his application and prosecute the same, as the value of patents depends | largely upon the skiltful preparation of the | specifications and claims. From time to { time the Patent Office issues a roster of | all registered attorneys who are entitled to represent applicants in the presenta- | tion and prosecution of applications for | patents. The statute provides for the grant of another class of patents known as ‘“de- sign patents.” These are issued to any person who, by his own industry, genius, efforts and expense, has invented and pro- duced any new and original design for a manufacture, bust, statue, altro-relievo or bas-relief; any new or original design for the printing of woolen, silk, cotton or other fabrics; any new or original impres- sion, ornament, pattern, print or picture to be printed, painted, cast or otherwise piaced on or worked into any article of manufacture; or any new, useful and or- iginal shape or configuration of any arti- cle of manufacture, the same not having been known or used by others before his invention or production thereof, nor pat- ented or described in any printed publica- | tion. These patents are granted, at the clection of the applicant, for three and a half, seven or fourteen years. The Gov- ernment fees for them are respectively $10, §15 2nd 0. Method of Issuing a Patent. It may be of interest to follow through the Patent Office an application until it | eventuates in a patent. As most inventors employ attorneys, the majority of invent- ors know very little more abont the meth- ods of obtaining a patent than does the public at large. ‘Whenever an application for a patent | ix received it is examined for the purpose | of determining whether all the formal Tequirements have been complied with. | If complgte in formal matters, it is for- | warded to one of the thirty-six examining | divisions where are examined inventions in the art to which the application un- der consideration belongs. Each exam- ining division has at its head a prineci- pal examiner, under whom are several dssistant examiners. .-Each of these as- classes or sub-classes of which are examinable in that division. The application is in due course—at the his search to the principal examiner, and, when approved by the latter, a let- ter is written to the applicant in the care of his attorney advising him of the re- sult of such examination. The attorney, or the inventor, if he has no attorney, makes reply to the office action, where- upon a further examination is made, and these counter actions are continued un- til the application is allowed in whole or in part. If the applicant Is dissatis- fled- with the action o appeal lies, upon payment of a fee of $10, to the board of examiners-in-chief, and from their action a further appeal lies, upon payment of a fea:of b to the Commissioner of Patents in persom, and from his adverse action another appeal may be taken to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, the expense of which varles according to the length of the record. If the application is finally allowed, the applicant is notified that the patent will issue at any time within six months upon wment of the final Government fee of $20. Upon the receipt of that fee the specification is sent to the Government printing office to be printed, and the drawing to the official contractor to be photo-lithos hed, and hen this work {3 completed the patent is sealed. signed by the Assistant Seere- tary of the Interior and countersigned by the Commissioner of Patents. Other Privileges for Inventors. Other privileges are conferred upon In- ventors by the patent statutes. If .his original patent is inoperative or invalid by reason of a defective or insufficient specificatibn or by reason of his claiming as his invention or discovery more than he has a right to claim as new, provided the error has arisen from inadvertence, accident or mistake and without any fraudulent or deceptive intention, a reis- sue is ted him, his I representa- tives or the assignees of the entire inter- est. The Government fee for a relssue apnlication is $30. If the inventor be a citizen of the United States and has e 2 new invention or discovery and desires further time to ma- ture the same, on payment of a fee of $10 he may file in the Patent Office a caveat setting forth the object and the dis- tinguishing characteristics of the inven- tion, and praying protection of his right until he shall have matured his invention, This caveat is filed in the confldential archives of the Patent Office, preserved in secrecy and rating for a term of one year, and is intended to prevent the grant of a patent to another for the same alleged invention wpon an application filed during the life of the caveat without no- tice being given to the caveator. The c:,:'ept x;ny be re;mwed on request in ing from year to year % Turther fee of $I0 for each amamal rar newal. Single printed copies of the ifica- ticns ln(f drawi of tents 'mm fur- nished to the public for 5 cents, and if an order is given for all issued patents, such copies are furnished for 1 cent each, while copies of all patents in a class are - nished for 2 cents and in a sub-class for 3 cents each. Getting the Benefit of the Doubt. It bas been the intention and the almost contfnuous practice of the hmtdoflco to g0 conduct its affairs that invention be encouraged, and, -with some few excep- tions, it has been the icy of the office to give the benefit of the doubt to the in- ventor, for it is only through the fssue of a patent that an inventor has an tunity to demonstrate the value of his invention, C. H. DUELL. ——— A CHANCE TO SMILE. “‘There's a beggar at the door; shall T give him anything?" “Give him our bath tickets that are left It's too cold now, anyway."—Flie- over. gende Blaetter. Teacher—Who cdn the skull? Bobby—T've 1 can’t think tion. nate the bones of ’em all in my head, gtmmg—-m.'l‘u?d Cnn-'ni':.' Some injudicious person had suggested Senator Lotsm chairman Vestigating commitise. ki “The Worst enemy a man in public life can* have,” ¢« ented one of his confi- dential supporters, “is a fool friend.” “Well, I would hardl: lass him fool friend." repiica. the et sistant examiners has one or "‘fifh?&:éfl: 3 b sepes- 4 the s the examiner, an ! PERSONAL MENTION. Speaker C. W. Pendleton of Los Angeles is at the Grand. . C. D. Barnett, a Santa Rosa business | tives or assigns, prior to his application |a | b b4 e distinguished | The 3:;:;’ fiflendlyt;:ofl."'—cficm ’.I‘nbgg: “Bmvnu man, is at the Lick. . D. Smith, a weil-knewn physician of Livermore, is staying at the Lick. C. W. Weaver, a Healdsburg merchant, has apartmefits at the California. ‘W. Moorehead, a wealthy mining man of Sonora, is registered at the.Lick. W. C. Price, a mining man and ofl pro- moter of Bakersfield; is at the Grand. M. B. McMahan, the well-known busi- ness man of San Rafaei, is at the Palace General A. B. Carey of Santa Barbara is making a brief stay at the Occidental. Charles P. Morgan, 2 well-known San Josean, and Mrs. Morgan are at the Pal- ace. . P, andler, who controls larze Se‘ifna’fru‘l:lhlnzeres(s, is registered at the e Anderson and Mrs. Alden erso! H. E. Adams, an official of the Stockton more than two years prior to his applica- | oo 0 214 plectric Company, is a guest at the Grand. John 8. Cravens, a capitalist of Pasa- If [ gena, and Mrs. Cravens are among the arrivals at the Palace. Baron Leo von Rosenberg has left for tour through Arizona and the East. He is one of the best knowr: mine promoters or countries in ‘which such application bas | i, America. e ——— CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK., March 22.—The following Californians are in New York: From San -Francisco—H. Help, at the Herald Square; G. C. Lewis, at the Marlborough: J. A. Salts, at the Herald Square; Mrs. Arm- strong, at the Morton; W. W. Brackett, at the Herald Square; W. J. Hotchkiss, at the Manhattan: J. A.- Mackenzie, at the St. Denis; J. H. Graham, at the Manhat- tan; J. H. Spoker, at the Herald Square. ANSWERS TO QUERIES. A GENERATION—H. A, Napa, Cal Thirty years is considered a generation. LINOTYPE—J. C. W., City. The lino- type is used In a large number of places in the State of California outside of San Francisco, Los Angeles, Oakland, Stock- ton and Sacrament THE UNITED STATES NAVY—C. R O. T. C., City. It is stated that at this time there are more native than foreign- born men in the United States navy. Ex- act figures cannot be given at this time. SPIRIT OF SULPHUR-R. 8. V., City. This department cannot understand what is desired by the question “Is there any other name for ‘spirit of sulphur? " as there is no such compound as “spirit of sulphur.” MRS. STANFORD-Subscriber, _City. Mrs. Jane Stanford is traveling in Burope at this time. Communications intended for her may be addressed to her home ad- dress in San Francisco and such will be forwarded. ARTICHOKES—M. B., Fallon, Cal There are any number of firms In San Francisco that sell artichokes, but this de- partment cannot advertise such. You should have sent a self-addressed aund stamped envelope. EXCHANGE OF MONEY—Persons who leave the United States to make a tour of England generally obtain a letter of credit, and on arriving at point of desti- ration obtain thereon the money that is current there. THE POSTAL UNION—L., Oakland, Cal. The countries that are in the Postal Union keep tally of postage from each country from .which mail matter is received and once a quarter there is a settlement of differences In amount of postage. ON THE FERRIES-C. E. B. Berkeley, Cal. It is estimated that the average and Alameda ferries will average 35,000 a day the year round. The estimate for the | present time about one month after its | other ferry lines is about 3000 a day. | filing date—taken up for examination by | | the assistant, who reports the result of POULTRY AND GARBAGE-R. M. G., Gazelle, Cal. If an individual is annoyed by the poultry of a neighbor coming on his premises he can proceed against him for maintaining a nuisance. No individual has the right to dump garbage on the premises of a nelghbor. eran of the Mexican War loses his wifa by death, marries again and he dies, his second wife becomes nis widow and she becomes entitled to a pension of §8 per month, but before she can obtain Lg;.z pension she will have to establ the death of the first wife. 2 COTTON—Subscriber, Placerville, Cal. Cotton goods are bleached ‘or decolored by the process known as sulphuration, or exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur. This is effected In a close chamber of a size proportioned to the scale on which the operation is conducted and supplied with only just sufficlent air to keep up the slow combustion of the sulphur, the fumes of which are sulphurous acid. THE YANKEE BLADE-R. J. M, Lompoe, Cal. The answer recently pub- lished in this department relative to the wreck of the steamer Yankee Blade was based upon information given in an arti- cle descriptive of the wrecks on this coast and which was considered an accurata compilation of such disasters. Since the answer was published the attention of this department has been called to the fact that the steamer was wrecked on October 1 1554, and not in November, 1868, as aj 'ars in the published articla from which the answer was pre; COFFEE—L. C., Berkeley, Cal. To boll coffee is to spoil it. To obtain the best Tesults, the roasted coffee, which should be kept in a tightly covered tin, should he und fine just before it is to be u.effm Then the quaptity required should be pl in a ver¥ fine flannel, shaped fitted In what is known as a French coffee pot, and then boifling water poured over the ground coffee. It will per- colate and be clear aud free from sedi- cone- ment. While the waier_ is percolath through the ground ocoffes -the Cover sho pl over e bag to ent the from escaping. m of aroma One-! liquid that has gone into the coffen be taken out and poured ovg t prepara coft. hould be he stove, the Tiauid may remain hot. but It shoull not be allowed to boll. In serving, milk mmmmtonbofllhmndh served with the bess pared destroys its taste. The mndh being u used as above must before eve; be bolled in coffee grounds fo: an hour to destroy any odor be in the new goods. the ere ht. Before making the A scalding water, then rinsed with cold water. M‘ erisps. Townsend's. Splend!d Cal. glace cherrles. Townsend's s Ex.strong hoarhound cand. Townsend's.® Cholce candies. Townsend's, Palace Hotel.® Ice cream chocolates, Bostofh mints, ala- cuma. Townsend's, 639 Market street. Best eyeglasses, 10¢ to #0c. Look out for Sl 4th,. front of barber store and grocery.® —_——— de;:.(_.‘:llfornu glace fruits, S a 11 tehed bos %o n s < J: “bs.‘:- Special information supplied dally to business houses and public men the Press cm ’Auono;. mbiu.t- The Chinese boy’s ambition is to become a eivil te. Even servants save money to te their sons with this aim, mflw- xn?.n:lymmu .nm'.g the poisonous domestic substitute and imitation. ————— harm of beauty s beautiful hair. Securs Parker's Hair Balsam. the best cure for corns. 15 cts. a4