The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 2, 1901, Page 6

SATURDAY. ciesesess....MARCH 2, 1901 - JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Atgress All Communiestions to W. 8. LEAKE, Masager. MANAGER'S OFFICE Telephone Press 204 PUBLICATION OFFICE. .. Market and Third, 8. ¥. . Telephone Press 201. EDITORIAL ROOM: .217 to 221 Stevensonm St. Telephone Press 202. Delivered by Carriers, 15 Centy Per Week. Single C Terms by Mail. DATLY CALL (ncluding Sunday), one year. DATLY CALL (including Sunday), § months. DAILY CALL (including Sunday), 3 monthe. DAILY CALL—By Single Month SUNDAY CALL. One Year.. WEEKLY CALL, One Year. All postmasters are authorized to recelve subscriptions. Sample coples will be forwarded when requésted. Mafl subscrihers tn ordering change of address should e particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to fosure & prompt- and correct compliance with their réquest. DAKLAND OFFICE..............1118 Broadway C. GEORGE KROGNESS. Yazager Foreign Advertising, Marquetts Building,. Chieags, (Long Distance Telephone “‘Central 2619.") NXEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: C. C. CARLTON....... vesssessss.Herald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH. . .30 Tribune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: Waldort-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, $I Union Square; Morray Hill Hotel. CHICAGO Sherman House; P. O. D Fremont House; Auditorium Hotel. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE. MORTON E. CRANE. © BRANCH OFFICES—2 Montgomery, corner of Clay, open untfl §:30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until 9:30 o'clock. 61 McAllister open umtl] §:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until 1941 Mission, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market. xteenth. antil 8 o'clock. 1096 Valencia, open o'clock h, open until 9 o'clock. NW. cor- | use—'A Husband's 3 Happe 4 ¥Ady streets—Spectalties. Vaudeville every afternoon and | i 1 | ed Animal Show. Jenschels’ Recital this afternoon. akland)—Races. AUCTION SALES. “o.—Tuesday, March 12, at 10 o'clock, ‘ Market street. By Americar Auct Terts, etc.. at oo | A WILSON CHAIR. ASHINGTON AND. L E UNIVERSITY | . Va., sustains an important rela- | > new South. That university has encouraged the work organized at | ,- Virgi or solution of the race ng of the negro, and the problem by industrial tra r work on the same line so successfully and { maintained by Booker T. Washington at Tus- | In other words, Washington and Lee 1 rly philosophi- problem that itution went the late public duties of that in on 1t the close of his 1, after long and useful service His public carees heed of sound education 5 ific finance, for he was a and when_uneducated public sen- e presented to him the choice t> with sound money he chose to stand with fa! When he became president of the university he i of finance and economics, and founded such a chair and his-death. h. ' men-as Abram S. Hewitt and ge Foster Peabody, have undertaken to raise an ywment of $100,000 for that chair ‘which he ded to maintain it in perpetuity as a memorial to As it appeals to the sound money senfiment of the country it is_probable’ that the memory of this steadiast man will be honored and perpetuated. The secretary of the fund is Mr. Herbert Welsh, 1305 Arch adelphia, and already $20,000 has been sub- His iriends, s Ge street, Phi scribed It is quite worth while to set the example of such a monument to our public men. WITNESSES AND JURORS. USTICE BREWER in a recent address at Yale QJ dealt with legal subjects with somethingglike a free hand. He spoke more like a ~eformer than a Judge, and has started lively discussions by reason of the severity of some of his criticisms of the prac- tices of our judicial proceedings. Two of his statements have been especially noted. In one he declared: “The jury system as at present administered is little more than a relic of a semi- | barbarous age.” In the other he pronounced severe judgment upon the latitude allowed to lawyers in ex- 2mining witnesses, and upon the general treatment of witnesses by the courts. Both of these criticisms have met with favorable comment. It is well known that we select jurors more for what they do not know than for what they do know, and that after impanelment the jufor is wir- tually a prisoner. He is treated as if he were under suspicion from first *o last, and not infrequently has a harder time than the prisoner accused of crime. It is the woes of witnesses, however, that have mainly engaged attention. The poor witness is not only subject to almost every form of exasperation when on the witness-stand, but not infrequently ha to endure imprisonment as well. It is stated that h New York Grand Jury recently had occasion to re- port that witnesses-before the courts in that city have been detained in prison for upward of two months, while the accused persons against whom they were expected to testify had been released on bail and were enjoying full liberty. It is to be noted that neither Justice Brewer nor any of those who commend his utterances offers any-, thing in the way of a remedy for the evils they com- plain of. The subject cannot become one of practical reform until some feasible reniedy has been advanced for discussion. No doubt both jurors and witnesses,| are often badly treated under our present system of | legal procedure, but it is difficult to see how any great change could be effected in the system without causing greater evils still. | were not yet crystallized. | conscientious participation in its enforcement. O THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1901. LYNCH Law. HE lynching record of this country gets blacker as it grows longer. A singular ferment works in the American mind. The making of the laws and their enforcement are entirely in the charge and keeping of the people. If the criminal laws are in- sufficient, if the lightness of the penalty they provide offers a premium on crime, the people can change that; they cag increase penalties, and they can lengthen the list of penal offenses. If the penalties al- ready provided are not enforced the fault is ‘\'ith the people, who through the operation of the jury system participate dil:ectly in the administration of the .| eriminal law. At no part of our system of criminal jurisprudence are the people excluded. - They domi- nate the making and the execution of the law. Un- der such circumstances it is marvelous that they more and more interfere with legal processes and, taking the law intq their own hands, execute upon’ offenders what they conceive to be justice by lynching. The system is rapidly going beyond punishment for crime, and is coming into vogue as the means of cn(orcing_ a public policy. In this way it is used to expel Italians from parts of the South and Japanese and Chinese from localities where they are not wanted, though they are distinctly protected by treaty. Formerly lynching was performed by men in masks, or whose identity was concealed by darkness_ or smudged faces. In those primitive days the victims were hanged as quifkly and quietly as possible, being permitted to pray or make ‘a speech, and when it was over the executioners were glad to disappear and leave the body to the Coroner. i But now all that is changed. No masks are used, nor is the cover of darkness sought by these mobs. They go at their work baldly and openly. Hanging is rapidly going out ci fashion. is the popular method. The crowd stays and piles on the fuel, and then struggles and fights for pieces of the victim's flesh and bones for souvenirs. These things are done by daylight, as openly as the same crowd would meet at a Sunday-school pienic: It is a far cry from the processes of Lynch, the Vir- ginia farmer, who used to tie up petty offenders and flog them without appealing to the law, and so gave his name to this sort of thing, to these days of burn- ing at the stake, mutilation and other evidences of | savagery. Formerly these breaches of the law were on the frontier, or in new communities where institutions | But now they occur in- differently, in the older States and new settlements alike. One would take Indiana to be old enough for respect for the processes of the law to be deep-seated ands immovable, but there, within a few days, a mur- . | derer was taken from the officers and hanged, and then his body was burned, while relic hunters in the audience offered a dollar apiece {or his toes and boys | ran into the edge of ihe fire and used their pocket- knives to cut off toes ard sell them. These things disquiet an observer. What is in the marrow of society? Such affairs are unknown in the British colonies or other colonies elsewhere, though inhabited by people of the same stock. Is it because our people make the laws and have part in their execution that they feel justified in pre- venting the processes of the law and taking a short cut to justice? 6 1{ this be so we have entered upon a course that will probably destroy all law and break dotn the Govern- ment itself. In this, or any view of it, it is time that such forces as affect the foundations of public opinion and conduct begin to inculcate respect for law and a Every right that men haveeand all of the complex interests of society depend upon the maintenance of the author- ity of the law, and when that authority falls into dis- respect, as it does with every lynching and the pasz- | ing of every mob, it will soon bind no one, and the will of the mob will be substituted for the rule of he law. Our legislators at Sacramento have given us an ex- ample of Spartan morality. They have discovered a “cinch” bill which is so palpably corrupt in it de signs that they won’t even give it a decent death by reporting adversely upon it. TErT——— EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION. NE of the more important measures now be- fore the Legislature is Senate bill 282, which, while dealing with the duties of the State and the county Boards of Education, kas a special bearing | on the methods by which teachers’ certificates may bs obtained. The aim of the bill is to provide a higher and more uniform test of fitness on the part of the applicants for certificates, Consequently it affects the whole public-school system and aims at greatly im- proving its usefulness io the community by raising the standard of the teaching force. At the present time county Boards of Education are authorized to grant teachers’ certificates of high school grade to graduates of the University of Cali- fornia and of any other institution of learning in the United States which the Btate Board of Education may have recommended as of equal grade. County boards have also the right to examine applicants for | high school certificates and to grant them if the ap- plicants pass the examination in a manner satisfactory to the board. It is at that point the present system is weak. Thg examinations made by the' boards of the different counties zre not uniform, and are often inadequate to constitule a genuine test of the merit of the applicant. In fact, it frequently happens that not a sinigle member of a county Board of Education which examines applicants for high school certificates has ever qualified for a high school teacher or even knows what such qualifications should be. 5 The' desirability of a uniform system of examina- tions and a common standard of fitness’for teachers ¢annot be questioned. At the present time no two counties have the same standard. To remedy #he evil the bill now before the Legislature provides that all high school certificates shall be granted on credentials prescribed by the State Board of Education. This does not mean that no teachers will be eligible except the graduates of the institutions designated .by the board. Special’ provision is made for granting cre- dentials to experienced teachers who do not fiold such diplomas, but it is stipulated that in such special cases the standard of qualification shall not be lower than that represented by the other credentials nafned by the board. g 5 Another commendable feature of the bill is that it provides for putting an end to the distinction which now prevails between the qualifications of primary and those of grammar grade tezchers by requiring the same standard for both certificates. Here, again, the stindard is to be made uniform throughout the State, so that the benefits to be derived will be an ad- vanced standard for primary teachers throughout the whole school system and a consequent increased effi- ciency in the teaching force. g It is to be noted finally that the measure has besn carefully drawn up by a State Educational Commis- sion composed of persons fully qualified to deal with Burning at the stake | |éducafional questions, The public school so vitally affects the mental and moral wellbeing of the com- munity that every step taken toward improving it 1s a matter of general concern, and it is therefore to be hoped the Legislature will enact this bill, which is | distinctly in the interests of the public welfare in the broadest sense of the phrase. * e — ACCURATE NEWS GATHERING. NCE more the accuracy and reliability of the news reports cf The Call have been demon- : strated in the fzce of adverse criticism. In col- lecting all information bearing upon the wreck of the Rio The Call pointed out that the fearful loss of life in the disaster was largely. due to the failure of the crews at the life-saving station to go promptly to the relief of the passengers on the sinking ship. It was stated by The Call that the failure of action on the part of officers and men at the station could be ac- counted for only on the ground of negligence. That view was disputed at the time, but it has now been | completely verified by the confession of Mark El- lingson, who was on watch at the lookout station when the accident occurred. He has how admitted that he heard the signals of distress but did not notify the station until it was too late for any effective relief to be given. . When The Call made the charge of negligence it was not dealing in guesswork. It collected informa- tion from officers and soldiers at the Presidio show- ing that the signal whistles of the sinking ship were plainly heard by them; that the whistles were so loud and clear they aroused persons who were asleep. Such being the facts, it was certain the lookout must have heard them if he possessed the sense of hearing, and consequently his failure to report them could h)twe been due to nothing else than deafness or negligence. | Now deaf men are not employed for such duties as those imposed upon a lookout by the life-saving sta- tion, and the presumption of negligence was therefore | a moral certainty. | | ! In the gathering and dissemination of news the | most valuable element is that of accuracy. As Speaker Reed once said, “It is better for men net to know so | much than to know. so many things that are not so.” | The Call does not sezk to attract readers by fakes or exaggerations, but by furnishing news that can be re- lied upon. Again and again it has demonstrated the accuracy of reports which when first published were met by denial. This new instance is but one of many similar cases, and we refer to it particularly only be- cause the magnitude of the disaster out of which the report grew renders every fact connected with it a matter of general interest. The lesson to he drawn from this as well as from the whole course of the newspaper work in this city is that those who wish to have all the news promptly and accurately must tead The Call. Its reports ars carefully made, and the public can rely upon them. | | | | GETTING AN APPROPRIATION, HEN the various committees of the House W have once made up their appropriation bills it is not easy for a member to get a new appro- priation added to the list by amendment when the | measure comes before the whole House. That diffi- | culty, which exists at every session, was augmented at | the present one by reason of the very heavy appro- | priations made by the various committees. Neverthe- }less Mm Allen of Mississippi managed to . get - much as $20,000 appropriated to -establish a fish | hatchery at Tupelo. Now, as there are many mea | who believe that ability to get appropriations is the | highest order of statesmanship, it will be worth whiie | to point out how Mr. Allen succeeded. I A careful reading of his twenty-minute speech on the question, as pubiished in = the Congressional LRecord, reveals the fzct that he-made no argumeant at all. He began by saying there are a good many | members of the House who never heard of Tupelo, and that he would give them the information they | needed.. Thereupon he went on to say: “When | Christopher Columbus had his = interview with Ferdinand and - Isabella of = Spain, in - his ei- forts to persuade them to back - him in his expedition that led -to | creating a world like this, was bound to have made somewhere hear its center such a place as Tupelo. | Proceeding in that vein he said Ponce de Leon did | not explore American wilds for the sake of discov- ering gold or the fountain of youth, but to find Tupelo; that the great rivalry of the British, French and Spanish for possession of the Mississippi country [ was due mainly to the desire of each to own Tupelo; | that President Lincoln opposed the secession of the Southern States mainly because the movement took | Tupelo out of the Union. ; Warming to this theme Mr. Allen went on: “Many of you gentlemen have never been to Tupelo. I ixop-. none of you entertain the idea of dying before going | there. I should hate to hdve it said of any member of this Congress—for all of whom I have a kindly feeling—that they did not: aspire to visit Tupelo be- fore they died. I extend you all an invitation to come, and promise you a royal welcome. Come and go with me on College Hill some evening and sec | one of our Tupelo sunsets. Come and see one of our Southern silvery Tupelo moons. T think it is the only place in the South where we have the same beau- tiful moons we had before the war.” g The only thing Mr. Allen had to say about the fish hatchery and the appropriation was.thus summed up in his perosation: “This, Mr. Chairman, is-a propo- sition. to establish there a fish hatchery. Why, sir, fish will travel over land for miles to get- into the water we have at Tupelo. Thousands of millions of ‘unborn fish ‘are clamoring to. this Congress to-day ‘for.an opportunity tq be hatched at the Tupelo hatch- | ery.. Now I only wish to say. in conclusion that if there is a member here who wishes to have his name connected by future generations with that. of. Judas Iscariot and Benedict Arnld, if he wishes to be de- spised by men and shunned by women, let him vots against this-amendment and he will obtain.all that in- famous notoriety.” . e R 4 In all of that there is nothing of argument and but- little of wit: Great, however, is.the power of genial humor’ in 2 crowd. of dull and brain-fagged men. ‘We are told in the Record the speech was frequently interrupted by “loud laughter and applause.” In the end the amendment was agreed to without a divisioa. Mr. Allen’s twenty minutes of fooling has this cost the United States treasury $20,000, or $1000 a min- ute, which is big pay. . 1 g The moral of the lesson is plain. - If you would have an appropriation send to- Congress some fellow who can make the House laugh. - The constituency that has a.smiling Representative can itself smile. | e— The people of the Middle West States appear to consider that lynching is one of the fine- which is likely to be lost if it be not ausiduomryfla indulged. Some of the worthy citizens of these States ought to write a treatise on the subject and let it go at that. as | the - discovery of Amer- | |ica, he assured them that an all-wise ' Creator, | < burdened with letters from those who | scholastic examination can defermine in PAPERS ON CURRENT TOPICS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR : THE SAN FR ANCISCO CALL. How the Govern.n’xent Counts the Millions of People Who Sw the Amer ear Allegiance to ican Flag. : By Dr. Frederick H. Wines, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. (COPYRIGHT, 1%1.) Taking the decennial census of the United States is one of the most difficult tasks assigned to any Government offi- clal. This is not because of any inherent complexity In the work itself, On the con- trary, three things the director of the census has to doi To obtain certain facts in such form that they can be counted, to count them and to tabulate and publish the result. The facts to be collected are specified in the census act. He Was no dis- cretion in the matter further than relates to details. The det provides the requisite fundd and confers the necessary authority and powers. The rest is merely a ques- tion ot‘:iethods and of executive ability Executive ability is the first quality to be sought in the selection of a director, since planning of the.work; but a technical ex- pert without executive force and skill would prove a complete fallure in charge of the office. s ‘What, then, are the circumstances which render the enumeration of our peo- ple and resources such an exceptional.y difficult undertaking? In the first place its magnitude. Few people, however well informed, realize that for its accomplishment the Govern- | ment needs the services of 300 Supervisors, more than 50,000 enumerators, 2000 special agents in the fleld and 3000 or 3500 clerks in Washington, Few are able to imagine the vastness of our territory, the sparse Dess of the population in ceriain gostions | of 1t and what it means to find 76,000,000 people at their homes. The very concep- tion of a million is beyvond the mental grasp of a mind unaceustomed to deal with figures upon a large scale. Still more rare is it to find one Who has any ade- | quate_notion of the amount of labor in- volved in preparation for the census, in | gathering up the necessary data, and in | handling the madterial collected; the mul- titude of detalls .to be considered, the number and kind of facilities to be pro- | vided, the instructions te be given, the | discipline to be exercised, the financial re- | { sponsibility for ‘such large expenditures, the risks of all sorts which the director | must assume. b Preparing to Take the Census. | The key to the situation is found in the | dominant fact that the work of the census | office is not continuous, but intermittent. | In this respect it differs from that of | every other official bureau.. Once in ten es has to be re- | ¥ rmy of emplo; | Eraled " inea, assigned to duty. driven. eontrolied and " discharged. This force | gathers like an avalanche, then dissolves | yand dlngnnrs like drifted snow in the | heat of the sun in early spring. The cen- | sus _comes and goes, like the succession | of summer and winter; now all is life and | actlvity, now silence and naction. The clerks recsive their notice of dismissal, then: Fold their tents like the Arabs, All are And as silently steal away. “The director goes with the rest. | gone—officers, clerks, quarters, files, furni- | ture, stationery, everything. Such records | as it 18 deemed prudent to preserve. are | clerk awaiting the new decade. Since 1530 part of them have been destroyed by fire | and have mingled with the elements, | never to be reproduced or replaced. | When the hour for preparation for the next census arrives and a new Congress, | more or less unfamillar with the subject, has to grapple with the question of pre- | liminary legislation, no officfal head of the | burea\f stands ready to assist the commit- | [ tees with advice suggested by actual ex- | perience. For this and for other reasons action is so delayed that insufficlent time | for preparation on the part of the director | and his assistants is allowed. There is, ! moreover, no opportunity for amending | the census act in advance in those partic- | 'ulars in which it is discovered to be de- fective. The President appoints a new di- rector, who is confirmed, proceeds to the | national capital and there finds—nothing | | except a collection of partial records on | file he knows not where, and which con- | tain he knows not what. Problem of Appointments. Some allusion to the difficultie which | confront the director at-this initial stage lof his officlal career -cannot well: be ! avoided, since it is here sought to give a ! true account of the inner working of the | Census Office. Let the reader put himself in the director's place. His first duty will be to secure some temporary quarters, none having been prévided for him. The | |'hungry horde of applicants for appoint- ment by which he is besieged will notk | wait, however, until he has a place in| which to transact business. They waylay him at his. hotel, follow him to his lodg- ! ings and rob him of his privacy even at | hig meals. Their friends accompany them or come in their stead, and the mails are | cannot make an attack in person, all of | which must be courteously acknowledged, { with promise of “due consideration” at the prover time. A word here on the subject of appeint- ments. Census taking is not a private en- terprise conducted for profit. Public opin- jon and public sentiment demand that in the -distribution of places there shall be at least an_ approach to geographical equity; that thg District of Columbia and the States nearest to the national capital shall not be given the lion's share, while California, Texas, Florida and Maine are overlooked and gef nothing. _Stalwart partisans insist that all appointees should rightfully belong to the political party in power,” while the minority - in Congress strenyously claims consideration, and is in position, if this claim {s ignored, to. hamper the work of the office.by opposing necesshry legislation on its behalf. When the present census act was under discus- sion the proposal to put the employes in the civil service was rejected, but the Di- rector was authorized to apply an educa- tional test of his own devising at his dis- cretion. It med no argument to show that he cannot-select the force without friendly suggestions from the outside. Naturally he expects to receive it from the representatives of the people in the House ard Senate and from other in- { Territories_temporarily residing in Wash- ington. The:plan adopted in the present census was to make.a list of those to be ‘consulted and to assign to each person upon - this list a certain number of ap- pointments to be recommended by him. Candidates with such recommendation .were- given a practical examination in penmanship, orthography, simple arith- vmeélc, kn'o:lt(]rd‘ge of ttul;e glish lnnn:w and general information as severa mndo'eby the Civil Service Commln?:n for l-lmiln.r po.lg:lom l‘fun:‘tr more [ innd Hi ess they secu erage ng o rejected. By this method the Con onal desire for a voice in appoint: of the e share were ‘n‘:l tified, all porti ments was B e Ritordsa i Saltab in ;'hextn tank ‘the 7 against x clerks, so far as any literary advance of actual trial the capacity of an plicant for governmental employment. ‘0 system of selection can give a prefeet- 1y satisfactory result, but probably the --alhfug;:ol:! obtnln.e:i by tl:e a:‘p llct; {I‘l ol: was as great at wl ol have followea the adoption of any otker and more gel . e cost for examination was not half what it would have been had all of them been permitted to take it. The number of aj flutlo‘u. on file in round numbers Is 13 The number examined was probably 7000 or 8000 he can employ expert assistance in tha | height, lighted from al stowed anywhere in charge of a single | fluential citizens of the several States and |- scattering the force in different buildings not adapted to the requirements of tne special work in hand and situated at dis- tances from each other in some cases of not less than a mile are manifest and serlous In the way of loss of time, loss of efficiency, difficlitty of supervision and control and cost of transportation of pa- pers and materfal. No private corporation would conduct Its business in so slipshod a fashlon. The Importance of minute sav- ings in a business of such magnitude may be illustrated by the following easy cal- culation: The census day is seven hours long—from 8 to 4 o'clock; or, allowing half an hour for recess and luncheon, six and a half hours, or 3% minutes. If each clerk should lose on an average of ten minutes | a day—five at the beginning-and five at | the close—the total loss of time, assuming" that there are 3000 employed, would be 30,000 minutes, which is equivalent to one day's work of seventy-seven clerks. At the prices paid for services this means a ecuniary 10ss to the Government of about fm.uoo a year. The lack of a special and permanent building probably costs the Government much more than this, since s0 many other elements of loss are in- Yolved. _But at $0,K0 & year a buil to cost $250,000 would pay for itself in four years and thereafter thsre wouid ‘be no charge for rent. This was not apparent to Con when the bill for an act to provide for the twelfth census was in preparation. It does not appear that these considerations | were presented to Its attention. Under | the existing conditions, the only possible escape from the situation was a contract with capitalists for the erection of a | building upon plans preseribed by the di- | rector, at private cost, to be leased by the office for a term of Ave years, in order to relmburse the contractor for his neces- sary outlay. This was done and the Gov- ernment has reaped the benefit of the ar- rangement. Much difficulty was experi- enced in the effort to find .a site and a man who would risk so much money in & somewhat doubtful experiment. amount invested in the bullding alone is about $120,000. It is a cheap, temporary structure of brick, weod .néo?m not | fireproof (with the exeception a large vault containing the population sched- | ules), for the most rt one story in | ve, and with fm- mense rooms capable of uoommodulnf.. say, 800 clerks and other employes, It Is | well lighted and warmed, but poorly ven- tilated. Neither is it of adequate size, | since it accommodates not more than two- | thirds of the force, and it has been found necessary to rent a number of —other buildings for their use in various parts of the city. This could not be avolded, in | view of the size of the lot at the disposal | of the office; and, os, it was deemed | unwise to pay the interest demanded on | the investment for a term of flve years or | more, when the census act provides for | the completion of the four principal re- | ports in two years. Should the office b;l made permanent, as it ought to be, and | a special Government building be provided } | for {ts permanent occupation, these con- siderations would not apply. 'In the lan- guage of a Government engineer who in- spected it after its completion the present bullding must be regarded merely as an object lesson, a step in the right direc- | tion, but the 'first step only. Let us hope that the next will be a long step in ad- vance, Principal Divisions of the Census. The four principal reports to which al- lusion has been made are those on popula- tion, - agriculture, manufactures and mor- | tality. These are the four principal di- | visions of the office, and there is a chief | statisticlan for each of them. There is | also a chief statistician for a fifth divi- | sfon, known as the *“‘division of methods | and results.” All othér inquiries author- | ized or hereafter to be authorized by Con- gress are postponed until after the publi- | cation of the four principal reports, which must not be later than July 1, 1%02. Apart from its magnitude and the mul- | tiplicity of detalls involved, the taking of | the census Is- a task in itself simple | enough. It includes, as has been said. | first, the collectlon of the requisite data | in such form as to admit of an arithmet- ical statement of results; second, count- tion of the figures obtained. The principal | difficulty to be overcome is In laying out | the work or in making the necessary plans and preparations. Insufficient time | ‘was allowed for this preliminary stage of | the work. Nevertheless more was accom- | plished between March 4, 189, and June 1, | 1900, than in the same portion of any pre- | vious decade, and it is to the greater thor- oughness of preparation, suggested by prior experience, that the success of the present census is largely due. Some of the novel features of the census may here be mentioned. The act provided for.the appointment of | a larger number of supervisors, of whom | there were 300, while in 1390 there were but 150, It also increased their com tion from 3500 to an amount not less than $1000, which was further increased by an | amendatory aet by the addition in certain | cases of a sum not less than . It 18] still inadequate to seeure the highest ca- Yamy, attention to duty and efficiency. | n the administration of the office greater | liberality was exereised in the allowance - of necessary assistance to the supervisors, especially in cities, where they were given Breclul agents to aid them in the Instruc- tlon of enumerators and- the Inspection of their work in the field. was made to instruct the supervisors ln’ their duties, orally, groups, and .not| merely iu print and by personal corre- | gpondence as heretofore. The success of | the undertaking was such as to suggest its extension to the enumerators in the | county seats. This method 1 doubt- less be followed on a far more extensive scale in 1910. The testimony of the su- pervisors to its value is unanimous and is | supported by a comparison of results where it was and where it was not fol- lowed. Onfe supervisor reports he had to return ten schedules to uninstruct- ed enumerators for oné to such as had attended a preliminary .school of oral in- struction. g The Test Schedule for Enumerators. A most important and valuable innova- tion' In the organization of the twelfth census was the “test' schedule” for the elimination. of incopipetent applicants for {he position of gnumerator, many of whom have strong lo#al poiitical baeking. This :‘elt Was a; g‘ed.ln (h;.tosl;m of a "n.rn-“ - tive” ng an aginary gro families to be enumcrated, which m?-u— licant was required to convert into a abular tement upon a regular blank schedule such as was actually used in the subsequent enumeration of the population acconipanied by a certificate that the ap- plicant did_the work himself without as- sistance, These test schedules were ex- amined first b{ the supervisors, who were thus enabled to sift out from among the e ates such as were Incompetent or inferior. After they had made their selec- tions the schedules filled by the success- I applicants were forwarded to Wash- ngton for a second examination, which resulted in the rejection of many more. The average charaeter of the service was by ":‘:d I!;‘l!l el.]’.]“?hg to a far higher standard than would ctherwise have been possible. The sched: ing. and finally the tabulation and publica- | %0 larger cities and in some counties at the lu: Fred Godd, a hotel man of Fresno, is at the Lick. Jackson Hatch of San Jose is at the California. R. L. Rader, an ofl man of Bakersfleld, 1s at the Lick.. H. Cooke, an ofl man of Bakersfleld, s at the Palace. George B. Noble, an ofl man of Fresno, Is at the Ocefdental. Judge George W. Nivol of Somors is a guest at the Oceidental. Lee L. Gray, a merchant of Fresno, is staying st the Occldental. V. W. Hartley, a fruit man of Vacaville, Is registered at the Grand. Ex-Senator W. F. Prisk of Grass Valley 3 staying at the Occidental. R. Keating, a large land owner at Palo Alto, is registered at the Grand. Joseph MeCormick, a eatfleman of Stockton, is staying at the Lick. John A. Bunting, an ofl man of Bakers- fleld, i« staying at the Occidental. C. T. Stevenson, a mining man from Oroville, is a guest at the California. J. C. Leopold, a dry goods merchant of Sacramento, is registered at the Grand. Charles P. Morgan, a merchant of San Jose, accompanted by his wife, s at the Palace. Rev. Dr, Hutchins, an Episcopal minis- ter of Concord, Mass., is a guest at the Oeccidental. Emmet A. Connolly has returmed to this city from an extended visit In Ore- gon and Washington, e i CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK, March 1—The following Californfans are in New York: From San Francisco—H. Doyle and wife, at Im- perial; W. Mogg. T. Richards. at Grand Unton; W. J. Watson, at Hoffman; D. 8. Buchman, at Normandie; Miss E. W Dean, at Holland; A. B. Thompson and wife, at Hoffman; G. W. Wells and wife, at Sinclair. Y £ CRAMW'S ATLAS OF THE i WORLD. $ The Call 1s _ocmng 1ts read- % ers the best atlas on the mar- ; ; i i f ; this paper and satisfy your- self as to the merit of this of- fer. If you want a really fine book of reference it is impos- sible to secure a book to equal Cram’s Atlas of the World. Cram’s Atlas is the best and most reliable atlas published in America. Do not order any other work until you have carefully examined The Call’s premium atlas gnd fully sat- isfled yourself as to its vast superiority over any other atlas. By purchasing in large quantities we are enabled to offer all Call readers this su- per> book of reference for the small sum of $1.50, or about one-fifth of the regular sub- scription price. @ it e ANSWERS TO QUERIES. PLATO—J. W., City. Plato, the Greek philosopher, lived B. C. £7—B. C.—37. COLLATERAL ASSOCTATION—F. C., Colusa. This department does not adver- tise anv business firm. THE BOER WAR—8, City. It was on October 12, 1899, that President Kruger de- clared war against Great Britain. AN INCH OF RAIN-T. H W, City. An idea of what an inch of rain is may be gleaned from the fact that an inch of rain, as measured by the rain gauge, fall- ing upon the earth on an area of one square mile is equivalent to nearly 17,500, gallons of water, weighing 145,200,000 pounds, or 72,000 tons, ROMAN NUMERALS—Suoscriber, Vet- erans’ Home, Napa, Cal. The figures 1901 are expressed in Roman numerals by DCCCCL They may also be expressed by MCML In the first instance M stands EECC naning w0y ana I standing for 1 >COC m: s makes one “&mmnd nine bundnr‘!d one. The other is M for 1000, CM for %00 and I for L SUBJECT TO ATTACHMENT-J. R C., Fpll River Mills, Cal. The of a judgment debtor for his personal ser- vices at any time within thicty days pre- cedi the levy of ¢xacution are exempt, providing the same cre necessar- for the use of his family residing ia this State supported In who.e cr in part by his earn- ings, but waere (he debt was Incurred Ly such person, his w'fe or family, for the common 7ccessaries of life, one-half of such earnings are subject to attachment. TO FIND DAY OF THE WEEK-S., City, To find the day of the week on whick any particular date of the current year will fall, divide the whole number of days from the time when computation is made by seven. If there Is no remain- der the day sought will be the same day of the week as the day when the com- putation is made. If there is a remain- der of one, it is the next day of the week, and so.on. Illustration: Suppose it Is , February 10, and you want to ‘“’"‘.’m‘.’n:"“fi 18 Gars n Febrascy io the 15 rem: s in tl days In h, which will give 33; divide by 7, which lve a result with a re- mainder of 5. February 10 being Sunday, the fifth day of the week after that, or day, will be the day of the week for il sl sl ek e bl b el el defed el 4@ o e A CHANCE TO SMILE, Poet—I left a poem here the other day. Do :: "Img-. yondcu use {z? r— ve, readv. came handy, I simply had to. - joy fully)—An! (gaspin nor——'fhfli was writing my last ed- - {tortal I ran out of copy paper; vour poem, written on one side of the paper X t_hel t.. ’“’nm e];:d me out.—Catholie gmd— Cle: Pat, there’s a hole In the £ the church, and trying co!.c‘: mone; sufficien o :2 Come, now, w ek — an—Wha - !%u :_r; nobmrpunut. " ? i VOI'IT .”;u «':v':: "t‘h‘. hnl'c.—ml'nlnmm te? “M; da “Very 11, mamma,” repl ful girl, “but you kno"!hl:‘l regions it is the dear” sald o donre a careful mother to her the duti- n the oll wells that are lule further served an educational agency of great vnlu‘:, the attention of each enumer- s printed instructions and re- mlln&by the errors made the nts {n which he was deficient and need, rther oral or written suggestion and direction.. Note—Next r.an ar- ;%i the number who passed was between and 4000. . Housing the Census Bureau, The next important step to be taken was 0 secure & permaneut home for the force. its the authority of the recto! u'i° t&o l‘fl!afll’ of u.:;un Un- ere n Doniding of sumcient size Which 1o avan. There never H r&ovfldfi it. Bu 1 The present act limi diredior building able for this e unl Congress shal {he act sets aside no it n of the Gov- et Tpics Fr 2 et tion of a building at the e of the appropriation made for pri nary ex- nses. It would nave been. an economy rm.l it done so. The evils consequent upon Saturday will sicle by Dr. Wines on “Taking the Con: sus.’ o 5 ¢ —_— Chotce candies, Townsend's, Palace HoteL+ : e Cal. glace fruit 5 per Ib at Townsend's.» —_————— Special information dally to +Nell-"So she's feclded to be . T R R :".:"’0 m.l' “:flm 1ssues — th_ggzhx the most of." unrefin Pittsburg Chronicle-T “If an empty barrel weighs ten pound: what can you fill it with to make It weigs seven pounds?” asked Senator Depew of Senator Spooner. . ST = 8 “Have to _nvo_ it up.'f replied Mr. ner. ; ~ “Fill it full of holes,” answered Mr. De- w, and they both laughed.—Philadel; Rorin American. o - Cheap to Bakersfleld. ‘Fe will sell you a ticket to Bakers- return at the very low rate of 10, feave San Francisco March 9th. Side ern County ofl wells at very low your sleeping