The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, February 3, 1901, Page 7

THE SUNDAY CALL. triking Features of Ceremony From the Earlicst Day to the Wast Breat Event. r the corona- r . and 4 ni Duke of ed for t @ coronatl es, richl ns and stream- ers of the aif- were orna- Al stones end a ble dlamond in the center The swhérd of Justice of the temporal tty, or third sv is sharp-pointed; the ndle is four inches, the E and three-qua . and seven inches and & half; the all respects is like the two or the pointless word of mercy covered with hes long, with the cross h ‘of the cross a rich brocaded cloth of tis- sue, with gilt ornaments. eword of state, which tto-handed sword, having a o .rd of crimson velve ik ates of the royal Up at the point is the ound, then the roy 1 crest of a on an imperial crown; lower are & portcullie, harp, thistle, fleur- ar the hilt is the port- &c-lis and rose; n is repeated; next are the royal arms and su rters, d, lastly, the harp, this- tie, etc., occur over again, The other side of the scabbard is exactly the same. The randle and pommel of the sword are em- bossed with similar devices in silver gilt; % eme cross is formed of the royal sup- perters, the lon and uulcorn, bhaving & he was particularly anxious coronation. econded his desires, and hay ted four the Bs ough from the Towe: the hung with 2| r and and a great part of the ap g with ¢ ind part of Co h of gold. ,The 1 dignitaries t “The end of the Old pid E s us: ished with virgins in hes of white wax; the stes d clearkes in rich copes, with ses and censers of silver, censing his grace and the qucene also as they passed. The queene Katherine was sitting in hir ter, two white palfries, the tter covered and richlie apparelled, and » palfries trapped in white cloth of £0ld; hir person aparelled white satin imbroidered, hir hair hanging downe to hir backe, beautifull and goodlio ad a coronall set stones.” celebrated with brilliant and turneles,” which the King and Queen witnessed from “a falre house covered with tapestrie.” EDWARD VI, Fdward VI was crowned February 2, 5. *“He rode through London Iinto Westminister,” says Holinshed, “with as great rolaltie as might be, the streets be- hung, 2nd pageants in divers places cted, to testifie the good willes of the citizens. . . . . . As he passed on the borne by in to behold, and on her I orien: was usts south part of Paule’s churchyard an Ar- came from the battlements of s church upon a cable, being made fast toan anchorby the deane's gate lieing hias breast, alding himselfe neither with a foot, and after ascended to the of the cable, where he tumbled At this coronmation, when the thres swords, for the three kingdoms, were Lrought to be carried before him the observed that there was yet one missing. ‘““That,” safd he “is the sword of the spirit, and ought in all rignt to govern us, who use these for the people’s safety, by God's appointment. Without that sword we are nothing: we can do nothing. From that we are what we are this day. . we recefve whatsoever it 1s that we at this present do assume. Under that we ought to live, to fight, to Zovern the people, and to perform all our affairs. From that alone we obtain ail power, virtue, grace, salvation, and what- socver we have of divine strength.” QUEEN MARY. Mary, the first female sovereign of this realm. was crowned on the 1st of Octo- ber, 1553, by Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, the Archbishops of York and Canterbury being then prisoners in the Tower. On the last day of September she went In state from the Tower to Westminster in an open chariot, drawn by six horses, covered with cloth of tis- £ue. Tn a Second charfot came the Prin- cess Elizabeth and the Lady Anne of Cleves; the ladies in waiting rode upon horses covered with trappings of crim- velvet and satin. Three pageants were erected in Fenchurck street by the Genoese, Easterling and Florentine mer- chants son Among the city pageants the most re- markable was that of St. Paul's Cath- edial, thus described by Holinshed: “There was one Peter, a Dutchman, that stood on the weathercock of Paule's steeple, holding a streamer in his hand of five yards long, and walving thereof, stood sometimes on the one foot and shooke the other, and then kneeled on his knees, to the great marvell of all people. He had made two scaffolds under him, one about the crosse, having torches and streamers et on it, and another over the ball of the crosse, likewise set with streamers and torches, which could not burn, the wind was so great. The sald Peter had sixteen pounds, thirteen shil- lings, four pense for his costes, and paines, and all his stuffe,” The conduits ran with wine, and when the civic authorities received the Queen at Cheape the chamberlain presented her with a purse of tissue containing a thou- sand marks in gold ELIZABETH. Speed’s account of the procession of Queen Elizabeth contains some particu- Jars too remarkable to be omitted. ‘Al things in readiness, upon the fourteenth of January, with great triumphes and shewes, shee passed thorow London, towards Westminster, to re- ceive her imperiall crowne; but before sheo entered her chariot in the Tower, acknowledging that the seat was God's into which shee was to enter, and shee his viceregent to wield the English scep- tre; in that royall assembly, with eves and hands elevated to heaven, upon her knees, she prayed for his assitance, as folomon did for wisdome when he tooke the like charge: with a thankful remem- brance unto God for his continued pres- ervation, which had brought her thorow great dangers unto that present dignitle.” suptuous She was crowned the 5th of January, 1555, by Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlisle, the see of Canterbury being vacant by the death of Cardinal Pole. Holinshed says that she composed the following prayer as she went to her coronation: “O Lord Almightie and Everlasting God, T give thee most heartle thanks that thou hast beene so merciful into me, as to spare me to behold this joifull dafe. And T acknowledge that thou has delt as wonderfullie and as mercilefullie with me as thou didst with thy true and faithful sgervant Danlell, thy prophet, whome thou deliveredest out of the den from the crueltle of the greedy and roaring lons. of Endland’s [T\oparehs rose withir rel between them on one T lis, encircled in the e nitier: pter with “the dove 1s a iree feet seven umference at a quarter mmel is decorated > or fillet of table diamonds, 1 places with precious stones and the mound at the top 1s embellished with a band or fillet of rose Up. und a small n cross, wherein is fixed a dove ings expanded, as the emblem of of all sorts, monds. 1 the mc is orb, mound or globe 1s a ball of gold x inches diameter, emcompassed with a band of the same, embellished with s of diamonds encircling other prec- lous stones and ed On th re d about with pearl. top is a very large amethyst, of a violet or purple color, nearly an inch and a half in height, of an oval form, and which being encompassed with four silver wires becomes tHe pedestal of a splen- s of gold of three inches and a quarte in height and three inches in breadth, set very close with diamonds, ving in the middle a sapphire on one and an emerald on the other. It s so embellished with four large pearls in the angles of the cross, near the cen- ter, and three more at the ends of it. The whole height of the orb and cross is eleven inehesa The first and principal diadem, denom- inated St. Edward's crown, with which his Majesty is invested, Is so called in commemoration of the ancient one, which was kept in Westminster Abbey till tha bLeginning of the great rebellion, when, did cro with the rest of the regalia, It was sacri- leglously carried away. It is & very rich imperial crown, embeilished with pearls and precious stones of various kinds, as diamonds, rubies, emeralds and sapphires, with & mound of gold on the top of it, en- circled with a band of the same, embel- lished also with precious stones: and upon the mound a cross of gold decorated In a similar manner, having three very large oval pearls, one at the top of the cross and two others pendant at the sides of 1t. This crown is compcsed, as all those of England are, of four crosses and as many fleur-de-lis upon a rim or circle of gold, all embellished with precious stones, from the tops of which crosses arise four cir- cular bars or arches, which meet at the top, and at the intersection is the pedestal whereon is fixed the mound. The cap within the crown is of purple velvet lined with white taffeta and turned up with ermine, thickly powdered, in three rows. THE AMPULLA AND ANOINTING SPOON. The ampulia, which contains the holy oll, is in the form of an eagle, with the wings expanded, standing on a pedestal, all of pure gold, finely chased. The head unscrews at the middle of the neck for the convenience of putting in the ofl, and the vessel being entirely hollow, it is poured out into the spoon through the point of the beak. The weight of the whole is nearly eight or ten ounces, and the cavity of the body Is capable of con- taiping about six ounces. The anointing spoon is likewise of pure gold, with four pearls set in the broadest part of handle; the bowl of the spoon is finely chaseq both withirf and without, and by its ex- treme thinness it appears to be very an- cient. Fven so was I overwhelmed, and only thee delivered. To thee, therefore, onelle be thanks, honor and praise fore ever. Amen. JAMES T The ceremonial for the coronation of James T was prepared under the supsrin- tendence of that monarch, and displayed many marks of the pedantry and extrav- agant notions of the royal prerogative, which form so large a portion of his char- act He created two Earls, ten Baron sixty-two Knights of the Bath, and cc ferred the honor of knighthood on about 400 gentiemen. CHARLES L The coronation of Charles T was del until the Gth of February, 1626, in conse- auence of the vlague, which then reigned in London. The prineipal novelty was tie introduction of ‘the following clause in one of his prayers: “Let him obtain fa- vor for thy people, like Aaron in the tab- ernacle, Elisha in the waters, Zacharias in the temple. Give him Peter's key of discipline and Paul's doctrine.” In the vear 1632 Charles I went to be crowned King of Scotland at Edinburgh. He was received with great splendor, and several pageants were prepared to honor his reception. The most singular was a trivmphal arch, under which a mountain was raised in the form of a theater, upon which sat a nymph, representing the genius of the city. of Edinburgh. “Shee was attired in a sea greene velvet mauntle; her sleeves and under roabe of blew tissue, with blew buskins on her feete; about her necke shee wore a chaine of diamonds; the dressing of her head represented a castle with her locks dangled upon her shoulders.” She’was attended by Religion, *all in white taffeta, with a blew mantle seeded with starres, and a crown of stones on her head, to shew from whence she Is,” leaning upon a shield, and trampling be- neath her feet Superstition, represented as a blind old woman, covered with rags. On the left hand stood Justice, in “‘a red damaske mantle,” trampling upon Op- pression. represented as “a person of fierce aspecte, In armes, but broken all and scattered.” CHARLES 1T o Charles 1T, having beeh invited to Scot- land by the Presbyterians, was crowned at Scone, January 1, 1651. On this occa- sion a most ‘extraordinary sermon was preached by “Master Robert Dowglas, minister at Edinburgh, moderator of the General Assembly, from 2 Kings xI, verses 12- The preacher delivered a fiercé philippic against the young King's father and mother, the latter of whom he compared to the wicked Athaliah. When the ceremony was concluded “the minister spoke to him a word of ex- hortation"—that is to say, a long oration, scarcely less offensive than the sermon. ~ JAMES II. James' coronation, April 22, 1655, was celebrated with so much splendor that it rendered him for a considerable time pop- ular in London. The most remarkable anecdote connected with the solemnity is that, on the King's return from the abe bey, the crown tottered upon his head, and would have fallen off had not the Hon. Henry Sidney supported it, saying, “This is not the first time our family have supported the crown.'” WILLIAM AND MARY. For the first time in England both tne King and Queen were crowned as sover- eigns. The ceremonial was very stately and cold; it took place on the 1ith ot April, 168, the Bishop of London officiat- ing instead of the Archbishop of Canter- bury (Sancroft), who scrupled to place the crown upon the head of sovereigns who clalmed it by a parllamentary and not by hereditary descent, and what he called divine right. ANNE. Anne was crowned April 23, 1702; her husband, Prince George of Denmark, was present, but took no prominent part in the ceremony. The Queen gave the Kiss of peace to the Archbishop and the other prelates; but when the temporal peers did their homage they only seeming- 1y kissed her Majesty's left cheek. As Parllament was sitting galleries were provided for members of the Housa of Commons, both in the Hall and the Ab- bey, and A sumptuous dinner was pre- pared for them in the Exchequer Cham- ber. turrets; GEORGE T. George T was crowned at Westminster October 2, 1714, with the usual solemni- tles. The King did not understand Eng- lish, and few of those around him could speak German, o that the ceremonies had to be explained to his Majesty in steh Latin as those near him could com- mand; this gave rise to the popular jest that much bad language had passed be- tween the King and his Ministers on the day of the coronation. » GEORGE IL George IT and Queen Caroline were crowned on October 11, 1727, with the usual solemnities, but nothing occurred to give any variety or interest to the g GEORGE IIL George 1IT and Queen Charlotte were crowned the 224 of September, 1761, In the Gentleman's Magazine for 1761 (page 28 is an extract from a letter ad- dressed! to the Duke of Devonshire, which contains the following singular anecdote: “The Young Pretender” himself was in Westminster Hall during the coronation. and in town two or three days before and after it, under the name of Mr. Brown. A gentleman told me so who saw him there, and who whispered in his ear, ‘Your royal Highness is the last of all mortals whom I should expect to see here. ‘It was curiosity that led me,’ said the other; ‘but, I assure you,’ added he, ‘that the person whe is the cause of all the pomp and magnificence is the man I envy the When the “champion cast down his gauntlet for the last time, a white glove fell from one of the spectators, who was in an elevated situation. On its belng handed to the champion he demanded, “Who was fair foe?’ The glove was said to have been thrown by the Young revalier, who was present in femal at- tire, GEORGE 1V. The coronation of George IV, which took place on July 19, 1821, was the most splendid ever celebrated in England. A special act of Parllament was passed to enable the Duke of Norfolk, who was a RMoman Catholic, to perform the func- tions of edrl marshal on the day of the coronation. He also, as premier peer of England, returned thanks for the sover- eign when the King's health was toasted by the peers. During the coronation feast the King acknowledged the difforent services per- formed according to anclent usage very graciously, save only when the cup of wine was presented by the Lord Mayor and citizens of London. His Majesty treated these gentlemen with marked coolness, and did not acknowledge their service by any salutation. The account of this coronation given by Sir Walter Scott is =0 graphic and lively that we think it will gratify our readers to insert an abridgment of it. ““The effect of the scene in the Abbey was beyond measure magnificent. The altar surrounded by the fathers of the church—the King encircled by the no- bility of the land and the councllors of his throne, and by warrlors, wearing the honored marks of distinction bought by many a glorfous danger—add to this the rich spectacle of the aisles crowded with waving plumage and coronets, and caps of honor, and the sun, which brightenea and saddened as if on purpose, now beam- ing in full luster on the rich and varled assemblage, and now darting a solitary ray. which catched, as it passed, the glit- tering folds of a banner, or the edge of a group of battle-axes or partizans, and then rested full on some fair form ‘the eynosure of neighboring eyes,” whose cir- clet of diamonds glistened under its in- fluence. TImagine all thig, and then tell me if T have made my journey of four hundred miles to little purpose. “The box assigned to the foreign embas- sadors presented a most brilllant effect, and was perfectly in a blaze with dla- monds. When the sunshine lighted on Prince Esterhazy, in particular, he glim- mered like a galaxy. An honest Persian was also a remarkable figure, from tne dogged and impenetrable gravity with which he looked on the whole scene, with- out ever moving a limb or muscle during the space of four hours. Like Sir Wiiful Witwoud, I cannot find that your Persian is orthodox, for if he scorned everything else there was @ Mohammedan paradise extended on his right hand along the geats which were occupied by the peer- esses and their daughters, whith the prophet himself might have looked on with emotion.” But, In truth, the' only Interesting spectacle connected with this feast was the challenge of the champlon, which 1o now not only unmeaning but filegal; for it is directly econtrary to the statute abolishing wager of battle In all cases whatsoever. WILLIAM IV. The arrangements for the coronation of Willam TV and Queen Adelalde wers a compromise between economy and pa. rade. The procession from the Hall to the Abbey and the corcnation feas Hall were omitted. The popular enthu- slasm was greater, however, than on former occaslon. The new entrance to St. James Park was opened for the first time, and In the evening the metropolis was universally {lluminated. The very lanes and alleys tenanted by the poor classes were lighted to testify the loval affection of even the humblest for “the saflor King. in the VICTORIA. At seventeen minutes past 3 on the morning of June 28, 1838, a royal salute of twenty-one guns announced that the sun was then rising upon the coronation day of Victoria. By 4 o'clock the streets were so thronged with carrtages and pedestrians that they were in many places impassable and tha whole population seemed to have poured out in the direction of the parks aad of ‘Westminster Abbey. It was not until half-past 10 that her Majesty's carriage passed Apsley House. It moved on amid the loud acclamations of her subjects. The state coach was drawn by eight cream-colored horses and attended by a yeoman of the guard at each wheel and H[KOLA TESLA has come to the and heliographic communication front with another wonderful in- with Mars, Tesla is now ready to furnish Nikola vention. Having opened telegraphic the world with a new energy which he calls “impressed force,”” or “every man his own earthquake.” According to Tesla's description this is “impressed force” something weird. He says: “My experiments in electrical and me- chanical vibration have impressed me deeply with the tremendous possibilities of impressed force. With a small engine, capable of pressing a piston baek and forth with a force of but two pounds, [ TesY_é’s "Ea have set an entire block of modern build- ings, by careful attunement, Into such a violent swayving that people rushed out affrighted. With an impressed force of only a fragtion of a pound I have caused steel rings of several square inches cross section, capable of supporting several hundred tpns, to vibrate and form loops. like thin piano wires, until they finally broke." Clearly Mr. Tesla has the world at his mercy. If, “wiih a small engine capable of pressing a piston back and forth with a force of but two pounds,” he can shake solid blocks of buildings in this manner, ‘what {s to prevent him some morning when Valgntings Szem | N place of going out of date, valen- tines are gaining in popularity,” sald H a manufacturer of these conceits. “We don't like to make any show of senti- ment in this practical age. so the old- fashioned, foolishly sweet affairs are not. used. No longer may the too bashful swain get behind good St. Valentine to make a declaration of love. “Neither Is it good form to make it a spite day. The comic valentine, when the joke is kind. Is all right. but when one is sent that is insulting and personal it goes against the spirit of the day. ““The once popular lace-trimmed valen- tines are a thing of the past. Children have taken possession of these. The lover now sends his lady fair an offering of flowers, bonbons, fruit, a book, a picture or any dainty holiday gift. Where an en- gagement exists often a plece of jewelry is sent. “It is considered better taste not to put any card on valentine gifts. The ldentity of the sender should be shrouded in doubt. This adds piquancy to the occasion. Of NS’:_ out cf 'Date. | course the woman in the case is usually a good guesser. “There is only one time-honored way to send any card or comic velentine, and that Is to have it slipped under the deor | on St. Valentine eve. It must not under any circumstances be intrusted to Uncle Sam and have the prosalc adornment of a postage stamp unless the sender lives at | a distance. Then it is pardonable because unavoidable, but a part of the flavor is lost when it has to come through such a channel. Even flowers and candy are left on the doorstep by a messenger boy, who runs away in the friendly darkness and watches from a distance to see that the offering is taken in. “The etiquette of valentines decrees that no woman shall make a present to ev her dearest female friend on this day nor must a man give anything to another man. This does not apply to comic valen- tines, but to presents of any deseription. It is a day sacred to lovers, and no one else must trespass on their privileges. Neither does a woman remember a man friend with even the most trifiing souve- nir. There is no hint of leip year prerog- atives in this old-fashioned day.” rthouzke M2 two footmen at each door. Endleas grooms and guards attended the long pro- cession. It was as splendid as befitted the rejolcing of the people over a corona- tion_that made them happler than any since the time of Alfred. The London Sun of the 2Sth reported that: The Queen, attended, passed to the altar. Her Majesty, kneeling upon ths cushion, made her first oftering of a pail ef altar-cloth of geld, which was deliv- ered by an Officer of the Wardrobe to the Lord Chamberlain, by his Lordship to the Leord Great Chamberlain, and by Lim to the Queen, who delivered it to the Archbishop of Canterbury, by whom It was placed on the altar. After elaborate services followed the sermon by the Bishop of London, then came the oath and the anointing. Then there were further ceremonies of tha spurs, the sword, the mantle, the orb, ring and scepters, and at last came the dean of Westminster bearing the crown. The Archbishop took and placed it on her Majesty’s head, when the people, with loud and repeated shouts, cried: “God the Queen.” iere was a doffing of caps, & sounding g of drums, a firing sa T of trumpets, a bea of guns. The old report says: Vever dld we hear louder or more hearty plaudits, that almost reant the walls of the old abbey, setting at naught all etiquette and ceremony, than those which burst from the lips and hearts of her attached and loyal people, when the crown was placed on the head of their young and lovely sovereign. - Chine. he feels disgruntled with the world from bringing the whole world In ruins about the ears of its inhabitants? With his “im- pressed fo only a fraction of =& pound” he could twist the Brooklyn bridge 'n mass of steel. ntinuing his Interview in the Westera ctriclan, Mr. Tesla says: “In electrical vibration I have frequent- Iy obtained resuits even more wonderful. The tuning of electric circuits is becom- ing more and more important with the advancement of arts and refinement of methods. The layman can have but a vague idea of what can be accomplished in this line by men possessed of knowledge and skill. As to the former, it is acquired | easily enough. The principles are very simple and do not require an exceptionally bigh sclentific training. Perhaps the clearest exnositions have been given by ;Dr. Oliver Lodge and Professor Pupin. The latter particularly was fortunate a | dealing with the subject, and a beginner can find no better source of information. { “Bnut the skill is not acquired as quickly | or as easlly as the knowledge of the stm- | ple principles. It comes slowly, requires | great patience and untiring application. Owing to this fact, of necessity but few are proficient in the art to-day. This s | the reason why the greater part of com- temporanecus literature on the subjeet is ;pervud»:l with the grossest errors. Many perimenters do not seem to realize that |an electrical system cannot vibrate | through an imperfect contact or path of | high resistance. Still many more overloolk . [ the necessity of placing the excited system t“' a Condition permitting free oscillation, | yet everybody knows that if he grips & |spring Semiy and pushes it Déek dag f gortinss cannct perfevn its ewn wReations | Similarly, an excited «~'actrical system, as the secondary of a transformer, ecannot c freely if the exciting :rtcl‘ml:u lrnh:l closely with 1" . ®