The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 14, 1900, Page 7

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1900 s v!!:le'o. i Hale'’s. ANz Z - —;’{.‘:\_} = }@.‘%.,N%&% O IOOUOUU y g\ store open every evening until Christmas. AAM—& 7//‘ Free—a rooster cap with every toy purchase after 7 p. m. Nz tomer is likely show N 7= -‘1/\/// = ho/lday sale of beautiful dolls. We show just so many kinds of dolls as the most eritical cus- to wish to see—and every kind is a beauty. t as inexpensive sorts as one could expect—and just as expensive ones as any one would care to buy: our prices are matchless. We buy dolls for six great stores in quantities that are the envy 3 wholesaler, and every advantage we gain by big buy- g goes straight to our.customers We And many a Fine dolls with knee and hip joints, long curly ® = hair, moving eyes, and shoes and stocking (A inches long—aristocratic beauties—each. ® ) Fine dolis with hip joints, moving eyes, curly hair, () \A} and shoes and stockings—handsome enough to make \ any little tot le with delight when she (@ empties her s Xmas morning—20 inches (/' 0 each 2 e . \. .| enuine Kestner do very b @ &' long curly hair, and ings—18 inches \ o PRGN SRR SRR Y $1.19 C] Kid body dolls with pretty faces, moving eves, ) a stock we're proud to own and enthusiastic to { ow. These five items—picked alm at ran- S m—may lead you straight to the very gifts your friends are hopi u'll decide to get ' them. < DO y hair and shoes and stoc our houser’uMlshmg department attractions for ‘those seeking useful and sensible gifts. ere’s a magnificent stock inches Market Street, near Sixth, opp. Golden Gate avenue. 40¢ offers alluring to choose fror lon ) AMUSEMENTS. ' MOROSCO'S C e D ORETT T G Ge AMUSEMENTS. OLUMBIA SAN FRANCISCO'S LEADING THEATRE GRAND OPERA HOUSE | vList 2 NIGHTS MATINEE SATURDAY. ALL MAN'S ENEMY ! MONT W Y— CITIE: NEXT ront Rows S m. «TIVOLIx PASS TIME AWAY. TRTH AN WEEK OF THE JOLLY THE MUSKETEER!| | enings at & Mat NEXT MONDAY “CINDE nee Saturday at 2 IGHT AY EXTRAVAGANZA. RELLA” NG AND OLD. 0 cents. And the ALICE NIELSEN OPERA CO. Directicon of Frank L. Perley. Presenting Herbert, Smith and Stange’s Opera, “THE SINGING GIRL.” NEXT MONDAY, FREDERICK WARDE In Espy Willlams' Romantic Comedy, “THE DUKE'S JESTER.” SEA NOW READY. 600D GO0DS in GO0 VAUDEVILLE DAVIS AND MACAULEY, HAR- MONY FOUR, SPENSER KELLY, AHERN AND PATRICK, PA- TRICE AND COMPANY, ROB- ERTUS AND WILFREDO, MAY DE SOUSA, PANTZER TRIO, GREAT AMERICAN BIOGRAPH. erved seat box seats, ay and Sunday. balcony, 10c; opera chairs Matipees Wednesday, Sat- AST THREE PERFOR A B NCES OF ELL BOY! ng SUNDAY AFTERNOON, LLY—YENJAL—YOVIAL Y HENDRICKE AT COMPAXY, BE In the play that made him famous, OLE OLSON! A Dentgh Festival of Meiody and Song USUAL POPULAR PRICES. PR . CAD THEATRE MATINEE TO-MORROW AND SUNDAY. INCLUDING EUNDAT, e One-Act Play, QAPANBSB Tkegfib\'. TTERFLY. give ) Preceded by Gilbert's Comedy, “PYGMALION AND GALATEA.” EXT WEEK- ADAM FLY RACING! RACING! BACINGXE 150—WINTER MEETING—180L CALIFORNIA JOCKEY CLUB. DEC. 3¢ to DEC. Ith, INCLUSIVE. AKLAND RACETRACK. Recing Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thurs- Friday and Saturday. Rain or shine. jve or more races each day. aces at 2:15 p. m. . erry-boats leave San Francisco at 12 m. and 1 1730, 2, 2:30 and 3 p. m., connecting trains Stopping at the entrance to the ck. Last ln"? cars on train reserved for s and their escorts; no smoking. Buy your Terry tickets to Shell Mound All trains via Oskland mole connect with San Pablo avenue ic cars at Seventh and Broadway, Oak- Alsc h San Pablo avenue cars at Fourteenth osdway. Oakiand. These electric cars eirect 1o the track in fifteen migutes, Returning—Traing leave the track at 4:15 and p. m. and_immediately after the last race. THOMAS B. WILLIAMS JR., President. B. MILROY, Secretary. R CHUTES AND goo.'m"m” 4 M. POWERE-THE JACKSONS—HARRY WALTON—NATHALIE DE ANGELES— JOHNSTON—GUS LBONARD. v MOV PICTURES. T0-MORROW NIGHT — BIG CAKEWALK. | CHINA vs. AFRICA. one for Seats—Park 28 AFISCHER'S SONGERT, HOUsE | AND COOPER ell_trains via Alameda mole con- | AR LECTUR { | | 'Good By” Performances MATINEE TO-DAY—TO-NIGHT THE RAYS HOWLING SUCCESS ‘““A HOT OLD TIME”’ John W. Jess as Larry Mooney. TO-MORROW, SUNDAY AFTERNOON, THE BOSTON LYRIC OPERA COMPANY. Presenting “SAID PASHA?” vight, Dec. 16. . Deec. 17 , Dec. 18 Night, Dec, 18. Thursday Night, Dec. 20. ‘CARME! Positively Farewell Appearances of COL- | LAMARINT, Evening, SO and ALESSANDRONI § and 7hc. Matinee, SEATS NOW READY. —BY — E ‘MRS, JENNESS MILLER, | Tnaer the Au of THE WOMEN'S PRESS ASSOCIATION. “KNOWLEDGE WHICH IS POWER, OR THE ART OF LIVING."” SHERMAN & CLAY HALL, Subject: BELASCO. SATURDAY, December 15, 2:30 p. m. SOCIAL RECEPTION 4 P. M. Tickets can be secured at Sherman & Clay’s 1OUS TANGLE" and | and M. H, Ober & Co.'s, 39 Geary street. These hotels pos- sess the attributes that tourists and travelers appreciate —central location, liberal manage- ment, modern ap- pointments and perfect cuisine, American and Eu- ropean plans. Palace’ and Grand Hotels San Francisco | R.PIERCES GOLDEN DISCOVERY| FOR THE | BLOOD.LIVER.LUNGS. m"smm ot 1o strietare. fign.l ritation or ulcers- [Prevents coniagion. tion s Cacmioa Co, branee. A mucous mem- Non-astringent. Sold by Druggista, plain B gt 27 sular sent on request. Weekly Call,$1.00 ger Year i | { | pelled to rely upon private assistance. | eharge are now b | plant were made by Lewis A. Hicks. .| supply the deficlency of water during the irri- STHTES WOUlg D STREANS THE THEMES Annual Convention of the Water and Forest Assceiation, —— | Both California and Uncle Sam Will | Be Asked to Appropriate } Large Sums of Money. — | t entfon of the Wa- | ter and Forest ion of Califor: began yesterday in the maple room of th Palace Hotel. The members present were | representative of all interests in the | State. Although the association s but a ear old it numbers ¥ rly 5000 members and the offics are confident that with- present membership T in another year the will be doubled. he committee preparing reports on, President Wil- ltam Thomas appointing the following men to act as committees: Revision -laws—A. J. Pillsbury, J.. D. Work Oraig, W. H gent of by A. Briggs; credentials— Porterfield, P. F. Wood. { The members of the executive commit- | tee present were: President William J. B. Lippincott, | /. E. Smythe, Scipio Craig, J. D. Works, | . C. Ralston, A. J. Pilisbury, L. M. | Holt, E. B Willls and W H. Mills, the last five also being the committee ap- | pointed on iegislation. The president briefly outlined the work | to be accomplished and sald it was of vital importance to the welfare of the community that the waters and forests of | California_should be conserved and pre- served. The association had been un- able to secure any financial aid from the last State Legislature and had been com- | He | | subscribed 310,000, and I am | at not a single subscriber had | t in the work of the association | hat of public spirit and the benefit ‘nited States Geological ot Agriculture co- he engineers during for each dollar we spent the ient expended a similar sum. jovernment has saved the asso- siderable expense, &nd the two uni- €0 helyed, and we hope to carry on | Etates bear the expense of con- serving waters and protecting the forests, and this State should We will ask and we are ture ederal Government will al- 55,000 a year to the Geological Survey and for aia Department of Agriculture for this State, our Legislature will vote a similar sum. The president then gave the details of | the present membersilp, showing that prominent men in all walks of life were interested in the work of the assoclation. Treasurer Dohrmann reported that the | total receipts from all sources during the year were $15,08 80 and the expenses $15.- 244 99, and after pm’mg outstanding ac- counts the balance on hand was $460 34. The reports of the president and treas- urer were adopted and the convention then listened with great interest to the account of the work of the Geological Survey as presented by J. P. Lippincott, resident hydrographer for California of the United States Geological Survey. The report of Mr. Lippincott was as fol- lows: HYDROGRAPHY—Observations of dally dle- ng made on the Sacramento River at Red Bluff; the Stanislaus River at Oakdale; the Salinas River near Salinas; the it Tuolumne River at La Grange; the San Joa- | River at Herndon; the Kings River at | Red Mountain; Littie Rock Creek near Palm- dale; the Santa Ana River near Redlands; Lytle Creek near Riaito, and the Mojave River at Victor. Records are also being furnished, with- | charge to the Geological Survey, om_the tn River near Bakersfield by the Kern ty Land Company; the San Gabriel River near Azusa by H. F. Parkinson, and the Sweet- water River at Sweetwater dam by N. N. Sav- age. Observations will be commenced January 1. 1801 on the Mokelumne River at Electra, the Merced River near Spellings, Stony Creek near Elk Creek, Cache Creek at Lower Lake, and on numerous 'tributa: of the Salinas River. INVESTIGATION OF KIN AND SAN QUIN RIVERS-Two parties spent the the basin the Kings and_ San quin rivers, one party in charge of B. G. Hamilton and the other in charge of H. E, Green. Large po possibilities were found on Kings River and aleo a_reservoir site of 223,000 acre-feet capacity. Estimates on the installation of a power house and pumping Well ob servations were made by Louis Mesmer, and an ample supply of underground water, good in quality, and at an average depth not to ex- ceed fifteen feet from the surface, can be ob- taired generally throughout this district. It ls consldered commercially feaeible not only to gating season, but also to double the irrigated areas under I3 cer. SALINAS RIVER—Investigations this stream were begun undur the supervision of Charles D. Merx, professor of engineering, Stanford University, and are still in progres YUBA RIVER—The investigation of the Yuba River was in charge of Marsden Maneon. Mr. Manson made a careful study of the sum- mer flow of this stream and its tributaries. KERN RIVER-—This work was in charge of F. H. Olmsted, City Engineer of Los Angeles. on ADVERTISEME: NTS. DINING-ROOM EXTENSION TABLE. Nicely polished and finished golden oak; has turned legs. 42x42; length, 6 feet. SPECIAL PRICES FOR THE HOLIDAYS, COMPLETE HOUSEFURNISHING A SPECIALTY. Free delivery within 200 miles on $25 worth and over. CASH OR CREDIT. BRILLIANT'S 338-340-342 POST ST. Near Powell st Open Evenings. n Top, PAINLESS EXTRACTION S50 cts. Our $5,00 Plates fitlike a glove. DR. K. L. WALSH $15% GEARY STREET Between Hyde and Larkin. Telephone Polk 1135. y DR, CROSSMAN'S SPEGIFIC MIXTURE For the cure of GONORRHOEA. GLEETS, ETRICTUREE and analogous complaints of the om-tomh-. §1 & bottle. For sale by druggista. FRITCH AND HIS MONEY MILL ARE CAPTURED BY THE SPECIA AGENTS WHO HAD SPOTTED li&lM Bogus Ten - Dollar $8820 and Outfit I Against Him — His Pieces Amounting to s Taken as Evidence Son Also a Prisoner Uk = | 9‘ $e®an ®eccccose NITED States Secret Service Agent George W. Hazen and Op- erators Mofitt and Montgomery made a most important capture yesterday of a dangerous coun- terfeiter, together with $3320 in counter- feit ten dollar pieces, a sack full of plas- ter molds, a reeding machine, crucible, files and other tocls used in making bad money. The ten dollar pieces are the best coun- terfeits Mr. Hazen has ever seen, the im- pression, reeding and milling being per- fect. The only defect is that they are light in welght. For the past week Agent Operators Moffitt Hazen and and Montgomery had been watching the rear of a frame build- ing at 560 Stevenson street. They had been concealed in a_lookout on the roof of the new postoflice builaing, from which point, with the aid of opera gla: they had béen able to see a middie- man filing_coins at a window in room of 560 Stevenson street on the sec- ond floor. A search warrant was obtained | from United States District Judge de Haven westerday morning, and the agent resumed their seats in the private box on the postoffice build- ing and focused thelr giasses on the show. Soon the counterfeiter appeared at the window, where the light was good, and began the work of filing the counter- felt ten dollar pieces. The agent and his assistants immediately went to the house, and without going through the formality ringing the bell, broke down the door, an upstairs, smasned in the door of the counterfeiter's room and were upon him before he could have had the siightest and the operator inkling of what was happening. The counterfelter stood at the window with the file in his right hand and several cigar boxes full of counterfeit coins in front of him. So sudden was the onset and so great the surprise that the counterfeiter made no attempt at resistance. Having been caught red-handed he acknowledged his guilt, but pleaded that his son was not concerned in the business. He gave his name as Willlam Benton Fritch and his age as 41 years. Operator Moffitt in a few minutes brought in the son, who gave his name as Emmett Benton Fritch, aged 15 years. Mwmmett works in Westerfeld's bakery on Market street as a baker. The father said he and his son arrived here from Ravenna, Ohio, about five L e e e e e e e Olmsted Investigated the feasibility and ipllity of power development and the regu- ofi of Kern River flood waters by means of storage reservoire located at high elevations in the mountains. | STONY CREEK—Work in charge of Burt Cole. In regard to this investigation it is | stated that Glenn and Colusa counties are ex- | ceedingly favored in their natural resources. Reservoir sites have been found and surveyed which demonstrate the possibility of irrigating the mountain valleys of Glenn County on an excesdingly conservative commercial basis, and it is coufidently belleved that it is possible to build up a great irrigation community in the | Sacramento Valley by perfection of the worke | of the central irrigation district and the con- | struction of a mill site reservoir, capable of supporting a population of over 100,000 people. CACHE CREEK-—Investigation in charge of A. E. Chandler, instructor of engineering, Uni- versity of California. It is shown by Mr. Chan- dler's report that there is the feasibility of ir- rigating_by proper storage regulations from ( Cache Creek as follows: Indian Valley site, 40,000 acre-feet; Clear Lake, 80,000 acre-feet; making a total available supply annually of 120,000 acre-feet at a conservative cost. The economy of conetructing these works on the basis of land_values alone is shown to be very great. On the basis of population In Southern Californfa it would support 60,000 peo- ple. LOW WATER MEASUREMBENTS—Low water measurements of the stream tributary to the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys were made by S. G. Bennett, assistant hydro- grapher, United States Geological Survey, dur- ing the summer of 1900. CONCLUSIO! n conclusion 1t may be | stated that as a result of the expenditure of ap- proximately §5356 48 it has been shown that the following amounts of water can be ob- tained and made available for irrigation at an | average expense of $8 03 per acre-foot on the folioning streams in the manner given: | | 3 £ ‘ TWO COUNTERFEITERS, FATH- | ER AND SON, WHO ARE NOW { IN JAIL. i - — & years ago, arnd that they had been lving in the Stcvenson street residence for about six months. During tte whole of that period the father had Leen experi- menting on counterfeiting coins, and had just perfectea his tystem by molding the first batch, consistihg of #3320 in ten dol- dar pleces’ The pieces looked like silver, and were ready to be plated with gold, the battery and the plating mixture be- ing found in the room ready for use. The elder Fritch said that he had not passed any counterfeit pieces. He had almost made up his mind yesterday morning, he said, to melt all "the bad coins and abandon his attempt at making :;nnne} and he regretted that he had not one ‘so. As father and son occupled the same room it was presumed that the son was cognizant of what was going on, and he, as well as his father, was arrested and lodged in the county jail. The discovery of ‘the counterfeiter's den was made through the carelessness of William Benton Fritch in sitting by the window while working on the coins. He was seen by some of the workmen on the postoffice building, and the special agent was notlfied. Last evening Mr. Hazen learned from Skeriff J. D. Coliins of Fresno County that W. B. Fritch served one year in the Fresno County jail for having counter- felt money in his possession. loglical Survey, and that it would ex- nd $30,000 annually if the State of Cali- ‘ornia voted a similar sum. Judze Wood of Los Angeles, chalrman | of the committee on legislation, then submitted to the convention a number of resolutions, which the committee had in- dorsed; also a number of bills which will be introduced at the coming Legisiature. One bill will provide for the joint in- vestigation of plans for conserving the waters and preserving the forests of Cali- fornia by the State and Federal govern- ments, and for the appointment of a Board of Water and Forest Commission- €rs, to consist of three members, to be ap- | pointed by the Governor for two years, | | the Commissioners to serve without sal- | ary, but to be allowed $200 per month for expenses and a secretary at $100 a month. Another bill will be introduced at Sacra- mento asking for the appropriation of $107,200 for the work to be carried out un- der'the direction of the Commissioners The State Legislature will also be asked to pass a resolution to request the Sena- tors and Congressmen of California to introduce bills in Congress asking for an appropriation of $250,000 for irrigation sur- veys by the Geological Survey in Californfa, and that $100,000 be appropri- ated to the work of the United States De- partment of Agriculture in this State. Congress will also asked to reserve all unsold guhllc forest'lands in the State, to establish a more.efficient forest patrol and to adopt a national golflcy of scientific forestry, to encourage the growth of ti ber, to permit the State to buy “‘cutover” forest lands and to make stringent the laws for the prevention of forest fires. The various bills recommended by the ommittee on legislation were adopted o SUMMARY OF RESULTS, BXCLUSIVE OF THE SALINAS (INCOMPLETE) AND KERN RIVER INVESTIGATIONS. Locality. Capacity | available.| Total cost. Cost per | acre-tt. [Clarks Valley_.... Electri> pumping pi |_for installation {Briscoe ... ‘|East Park Mill Site |Little Indian V. |Clear Lake. Stony Creek . Stony Creek Btony Creek Cache Creek Cache Creek. Total $2,013,949 ! $9 02 | sa 533 6 62 132 | nss | 5o ‘ a2 | %,152,3% | 38 03 00 50 060 000 Phe addition of this amount of water for irrigation purposes to the resources of the in- terior valleys of California is believed to be sufficient to justify an increased population in those Alstricts of from 100.000 to 200,000 souls. Deducting for the cost of construction it is belleved that this would result in a direct in- crease in land values of irrigated areas of fully $20,000,000, irrespective of increase in town and city property, which would be a necessary sequence. Mr. Lippincott also read a telegram he had sent in, the morning to Chief Newell of the _Geological Survey at Wash- ington, D. C., announcing that the asso- clation was in session and would ask of the State Legislature the sum of $30,000 to help the survey, and desjring to know if the depgrtment would assist on the same basis. Loud’ cheering greeted the telegraphic reply of Chief Newell announcing that the matter would be satisfactory to the Geo- @ ot ottt el b el b b @ | Superior Court Notes. | The counting of ballots in the Dainger- | fleld-Graham contest continued before | Judge Murasky yesterday. The bailots | of seven precincts of the Twenty-elghth | District were counted and Graham gained | two votes, leaving Daingerfield a gain of but one vote since the recount began. An authenticated copy of the will of the late Colils P. Huntington and petition for its admission to probate were filed for probate in the Superior Court of this city and county yesterday. The petition was filed by Attorney J. E. Foulds and bears the signatures of Arabelle D. Hunt- ington, decedent’s widow; Charies H. eed and Isaac B. Gates. It is set forth thht decedent left property in this State of the value of $104.400, ~consisting of mortgage interests in iands in San n- cisco, valued at §0,000; mortgage interests in 8an Luis Obispo, valued at $50,000, and real estate in Interior counties valued at $4400. JOSEPH FIGEL, MERCHANT TAIL- OR. The latest styles to select from. Suits from $20 upward. Overcoats, fancy vests, eatly reduced prices. ~Second fibor Flodd Bullaing, Fourih ana Marke: streets. . - by the convention, which adjourned until to-day at 10 a. m., after the president had appointed the following committees: Credentials—Porterfleld, Gilmour, Wood. By-laws—Pilsbury, Griges, Barker. Resolutions—General Chipman, W. 8. Craig, Smythe and Holt. 2, -]:mlnanonv—-smmes, Willis, Wares, Eaton, ule. Legislation—Works, Lippincott, Sutro. A resolution introduced by Mr. Smythe to form local branches of t\YAe association caused some discussion, in which Mills, Chipman, Willls, Pillsbury and Wood took part, and it being the pronounced sentiment’ of the membe: Fe The local organizations might cause dissen- sions the resolution was withdrawn. Last evening the various committees appointed for the ensuing year held meet- ings and to-day the convention will close with the election of officers for 1901. ‘Will Remove City Hall T=lephones. John I. Sabin, president of the Pacific | States Telephone Company, sent a letter to Mayor Phelan yesterday in which he threatens to remove, on December 31, 190, all the telephones now used by the city government unless the bill for the month o(}lovember Is paid. Supervisor McCar- thes agitation against paying the de- mands, claiming that the company owes n}:l%ncny for fé“fi"i’ x‘:xgslon }r'ulf(llml tele- phones, resulted in eing held u; the Finance Committee. ¥ R A R e ‘When in Doubt Drink Bvane' Ale or Stout. Sherwood & Sher- wood, San Franclsco, Los Angeles, Portian e e Concert of Deaf and Blind. The blind pupile of the Institution for the Deaf and the Blind at Berkeley will ive thel 1 d = in the assembly hall of the school at Berkeley. The friends of the institution and of the pupils are invited to attend. ——— Watch glasses fitted free at Geo. R. Moss & Co., 145 Stockton, opp. City of Paris. * TS present that | i i | | | | | Copyright, 1900, | | WAR GEOGRAP | i IX. | In Italy the reorganization effected by | the congress of Vienna was much more a return to the conditions existing before the French revolution and the conquests of poleon than was the case in Ger- ! many. In general the guiding principle was the restoration of the princes who i boen Glangase sed of thelr domintons, but not the restoration of the republics, | with the single exception of the quaint medieval republic of San Marino. The desire of the Itallans for union was ignored on the ostensible ground that Italy had no political significance, but was purely a geographical expression ilke jurope. 'There was, in fact, only too much truth in this assertion. That the work of the powers at Vienna should all be undone in less than two generations and the apparently insuper able obstacles to union overcome is one of the most remarkable facts of our century, | and far more surprising than the unifica- | tion of Germany. In Germany the | obstacles were thé rivalry of Prussia and | Austria and the reluctance of the princes | to sacrifice their independence. e sit- uation in Italy, on the other hand, was far | more complicated. In the north the Em- | peror of Austria ruled the kingdoms of | Lombardy and Venice and controlled the duchles of Tuscany, Modena and Parma, | and in the south the King of the two | Bicllies was equally submissive to Aus- | trian dictation. In addition to these dif- ficuities was the perplexity whether the | united Italy of the future should be a ‘ federal or a centralized state—that Is, lke Germany or like France—and, finally, whether it should be republican or mon- archical. Obviously these were prob- | lems that could not be solved by delibera- tion and whose ultimate solution would have to come from war, the “grand de- | cider of dusty and old titles.” In the | meantime, for thirty years Italy was sub- | divided under the despotism of native and | forelgn princes, all subservient to Met- ternich, while amid persecution and in exile Italian patriots agitated and plotted for union, constitutional government and | the expulsion of the foreigner. The great prophet and apostle of this agitation was Joseph Mazzini, who lived in London in exile. Early in the '30s he organized the society of ‘‘Young Italy” to | work for the overthrow of all the existing governments of Italy and to -establish a republic by means of an “educational campalign,’” to be followed by insurrec- tions. The ceaseless energy and per- sonal inspiration of Mazzini made ‘“Young Italy" a powerful factor in the regenera- tion of Italian public spirit. The definite- ness of his programme clarified public opinion and inspired men of conservative instincts who were repelled by his preach- ing of insurrections to propose more prac- tical methods and a more attainable goal. The exiled priest Gioberti (1843) pro- foundly stirred the hearts of his country- | men by his glowing picture of what a | united and progressive Italy could do for | humanity. He advocated a federal union | under the Pope as president and arbitra- | tor. Another leader of this party of re- form, as contrasted with the guny of revolution, the more practical Balbo, In his “Hopes of Italy” (1844), accepted con- federation as the solution of the problem of union, but pointed out with clearness that the greatest obstacle to its attain- ment was the presence of Austria. It was hopeless to try to expel Austria by force, and unwise to seek outside help to do It, but the break-up of the Turkish em- pire was only a question of time, and when that came they should unite to sup- | | | | and in return she might relinquish Lom- bardy and Venetia. Two years later came D'Azeglio’s ringing appeal for internal reforms as the necessary preparation for independence. The irreconciliable antagonism between the ngrammes of the revolutionary and of the reform party, the one striving for a consolidated republic arising from the ruins of the existing governments, the other aiming at a federal union of these overnments minus Austria, insured the allure of the Itallan cause in the great year of revolutions, 1849. At first sight the [taly of 183 was merely the restoration of the Italy of 1815, and it seemed as if no progress had been made in thirty-five years, but a closer observa- tion revealed a striking exception to the | uniformity of despotism prevalling after | 1815, In the kingdom of rdinia under Victor Emmanuel despotism was not re- stored, and the yovng king in the recent crisis had shown himself in warm sym- pathy with Italian espirations. The pro- greseive spirit in Pledmont was rein- | forced by the presence of many political | refugees from the other states. It was of | immense significance for the future that | the King was able te discern and make use of the matchless abllities of Count Cavour, a statesman and diplomatist who stands on the same level of greatness as Bismarck. Devoted to the unification of Italy, he was convinced that it could be | accomplished only by building up a pow- | erful northern kingdom. The first step to | this end was to develop the resources of | the kingdom by stimulating agriculture, | butlding railroads_and negotlaiing com- merclaF treaties. Yet, as Sardinia would ) not be strong enough unaided | Austria, suitable alllances must be made, and the first condition of securing them would be to meke the alllanca of Sardinia worth havihg. The ap‘rma:h of the Crimean war gave kim the desired opportunity, which he em- braced with great boldness. If Austria should join with England and France against Russia in behalf of Turkey, the assistance of Snrdinh\mlfihl be used to In- duce Austria, in_case she received some territories from Turkey, to give up Lom- bardy and Venice to Sardinia; if Austria failed to Join in the alllance the help of Sardinia would be all the more welcome to Ergland and France, and the chance of assistance in return too good to be lost. Carried through in the face of much oppo- sition by the Liberals, Cavour’s policy in Joining France and England in the war secured the admission of Sardinia to the congress of Paris in 1856 as one of the owers of Europe. The tremendous step E-. advance turned all eyes toward the lit- tle kingdom as the hope of Itallan unity. A vital factor in the situation was the | atsposition of Napoleon IIT to promote the reconstruction of Italx. and to attach the eninsula by gratitude to his political eadership. Tn 1858 Cavour was invited to meet Napoleon at Plombieres. Napoleon | made a verbal agreement with him as fol- port Austria’s expansion in that quarter | to expel | THE UNIFICAT]ON OF ITALY. by Seymour Eaton. HY OF EUROPE. 1 be provoked into an § and Jut starting n could be shielded from the ap- » of aggression, he would join hands with Sardinia to expel Austria from Italy. In th: should be en mbardy, t and Modana ates, to make mont | territory except | b added to Tusca F er - lan kingdom. The kingdoms of ardiria, uscany and Naples, with the remnant of the papal states (Rome and adjoining dis- tricts), should constitute a confederation der ‘the real control of Vietor Emman- uel and under the honorary presidency of the Pope. | Cavour accepted this sing combina- | of the prog s of Gioberti and eling as: If the revolu- were once oose it could not be ned to such fantastic b ds. He now labored ince ntly for war. Part of the verbal agreement was made a formal treaty in 1559, and the P itate action of Auftvia soon brought on the war. In less than two months Napoleon, frightened at an uprising in Central Italy which betokened union with Sardinia and the consequent failure of a part of his plan, put on the brakes and made peace with _Austria on the basis of her retain- ing Venetia and yielding Lombardy to Sardinia and the restoration of the princes in Central Italy. The last provision was impracticable without a renewal of the war, and the following year saw the cen- tral provinces annexed to the kingdom of Sardinia, which now became the kingdom of Italy.” The new kingdom comprised all the peninsula except Venetia, the two Si- cilles and the remaining papal states. In 1561 the annexation of the two Sicilies was effected and in two ars the number of Victor Emmanu creased to 23,000.000 1 006 contemplated by Napoleon IIL y Venice and Rome remained outside, the first under the hand of Austria and Rome under the Pope. Less fortunate than his great contem- porary, Cavour did not live to see his work completed, but he died in the con- fid nee that ly is made.” An alllance h Prussia in the spring of 1366 secured Venetia to Italy when Austria was brought to her knees that summer, and four years later, when Napoleon fell, Rome ‘was occupled The_union of Italy was now comvlets and Rome became the capital. But it brought with it political problems which have not yet been solved. nification had come too quickly to make Italian peo- ple one. Centuries of separate politicai iife, differences in temperament and edu- cation and considerable divergencies of race and language have made the real na- tionalization of Italy a slow process. so slow, in fact, that a recent writer—W. J. Stillman, for many ye a resident of Italy—records his conviction that a final and real union of Italy would have been more surely attained by the formation of a confederation under favorable condi- tions than by the rushing together of un- Itke elements in the enthusiasm of revolu- tion. EDWARD G. BOURNE. Yale University. PROMISING CAREER IS CUT SHORT BY DEATH Daniel J. McCarthy, Prominent in the League of the Cross, Passes Away. Captain Daniel J. McCarthy, .nspector of the First Regiment, League of the Cross Cadets, died at his home, 1139 Guer- | rero street, on Wednesday after a linger- ing illness. He was one of the most ac- | tive and faithful officers of the regiment and his death Is deeply mourned. Even as a boy he was a leader among the boys of St. James parish in the temperance cause and was an officer of the Junior Branch of the League of the Cross of the parish. When the cadet organization was started he organized Company E and served as captain for a number of years. He re- ceived promotion to be regimental inspec- tor and he won the esteem of all his fel- low officers. He was a young man of unblemished character, of a high sense of honor and brilliant talents. As a mark of respect to his memory the funeral, which will be held Saturday, will be attended by all the officers of the regiment and by delegations from each company. Colonel E. J. Power has issued orders to assemble at $:30 a. m. at Twenty-fourth and Guerrero streets, to accompany the remains to St. James | Church, where solemn requiem mass will be celebrated —e———— Information for Teachers. In a circular issued yesterday by tha Board of Education teachers are (n- formed that classes will in future contain two sections, designated as A and B. Section B will be six months in advance of the A section, which will comprise pupils who are engaged on the first six months’ or fall term of the year's work Section B will comprise pupils engaged on the second six months’ or spring term. Teachers are requested to encourage ad vanced elghth grade pupils to enter ex- aminations for the High School. Princi- als will have great latitude in classif ng schools for the remainder of the term on account of promotion of such pupils. The board will make an effort to pay sal- aries on December 24 and reports must Dbe flled on December 2 MaltNitiine 1s the eastest tonic in the world to take and the most beneficial and lasting in its results. The Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n prepares it, hence its merit. Sold by all druggists. —_——————— Wanted the Right of Way. United States District Attorney Coombs vesterday filed a declaration in the United States District Court against Peter Nel- son, master of the gasoline launch Crow- ley, charging him with having blown two blasts of the whistle in refponse to a single blast by the steamer Santa Ros in the bay on Septemper 19, such beng contrary to the etiquefte of all salt sea dogs. Mr. Coombs asks that Captain Nel. son be compelled to pay the statutory penalty of $50. CHRISTMAS CGIFTS 'PIANOS perience enables us to Let Kohler & Chase t beautiful Mandolin for....... GRITERION MUSIC | from 25¢ up. Criterion ‘Washburn Guitars, Banjos and Mandolins, ments, old Violins, Edison and Vitaphone etc. WASHBURN MANDOLINS tributors for Caiifornia, are sold from $15.00 up. You can afford to give the best. Our low priced instruments are the best ever offered the public for the money. KOHLER & CHASE is headquarters for everythi ADVERTISEMENTS. KOHLER & CHASE, Established 1850. A musical gift gives real satisfaction and lasts a lifetime. We have everything mu- sical at headquarters pri The largest stock In the West, from the peerless Knabe to slight- 1y used and second-hand Instruments at $50. Our fifty years' ex- guarantee the best value for the money. ell you how they make buying easy. 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