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THE N FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1900. ADVERTISEMENTS. SICK HEADACHE Fositively cured by these Little Pills, | “They also relieve Distress from Dyspepets, | Indigestion and Too Hearty Eating. A per- | fect renmdy tor Dizziness, Nausea, Drowsi. | ness, Bad Tastein the Mouth, Coated Tongue | ain in the Side, TORPID LIVER. They | Regulate the Bowels. Purely Vegetable. Small Pill, Small Dose, | Smafl Price. Men. There s nothing like ELECTRICITY to put | Uite, vim and ViE°T 10lo weak men or women. Drugs give but temporary relief: act merely as « stimulant. but Flectricity files to all weak parts of the body. imparting nature's force thereto apd dolng the required work surely and io & permanent manner. If “run down® i bealth and strength you had better try Elec- Tee an Flectric Belt. the it ®et . try the f good one while you Pieroe's.” for it best Electric Beit on earth. £ “Booklet No. 2" free at office or sent b a1l Tor & 2c #tamp telle all ahone Address | PIERCE ELECTRIC CO., | €20 Market street, SAN FRANCISCO. & Tribune Bullding, NEW YORK. = EMMA SPRECKELS BUILDI 927 Market Street. Cheerfu! Offices $15.00. €unn AMUSEMENTS. *TIVOLI* “*HODT MON, | COUNTED THEM " | FOUR THOUSAND LAUGHS I IREE HOURS 42d PERFORMANCE TO-NIGHT | ’ E The ldol's Eye. ngs at 8. Sa ¥ | ay, A Spe n's B POPULAR PRICES—25c ne Bush 8. COLUMBIA BOSTONIANS. e THE VICEROY and 50c. L o DN e LAST TIME. THURSDAY AND FRIDAY, “THE SERENADE.” v DAY and SATURDAY NIGHTS and DAY MATINEE, "ROBJE HOOD.” ?bmm‘ 2 DENMAN THOMPSON Monday. AND LD BEOMESTEAD. “TH. BECOME TOWN TALK. | REMEMBER THE WASHINGTON BIRTH- DAY MATINEE ON THURSDAY | AFTERNOO The Liveliest, the Funniest the Bes ing, Roaring, Rollicking Farce- Comedy Ever Written WHO IS WHO. Next Sundey Afternoon, February 35—MAG- GIE MOORB-ROBERTE COMPANY in “THE EILENCE OF DEAN MAITLAND Laug (THE PEOPLES POPULAR PLAY HOUSE.) | FPHONE SOUTH 770. LAST TIMES THIS WEEK Standing Room at Every Performance. EVERY EVENING AT B:15. MATINEE DAILY AT 2:15. JEFFRIES- SHARKEY CONTEST PICTURES. SEWARE OF TICKET SPECULATORS. NEXT SUNDAY AFTERNOON and NIGHT, LAST PERFORMANCES and 50c; Chiidren, 15c. Even- i6c, 2c. 35c, e and YOU SEEN SMITHT THE REAL - THE PRODIGAL FATHER ! so— EXTRA MATINEE THURSDAY, WASHINGTON’S BIRTHDAY. ¥\ THAN EVER. ESERVE SEATS. 15¢, 25¢ *® ® 35¢, 50¢. Next Week—'THE NEW SOUTH. WESTERN TURF TANFORAN PARK. FOURTH MEETING, Feb. 12 to N, inclusive Bix high-class running races every week Oay, rain or shine, beginning at 130 p. The idesl winter racetrack of America. Pa- trops step directiy from the rallroad cars uflz)1 © superb grand stand, glass-enciosed, whers comfortably housed in bad weather, they cas | enjoy en unobstructed view of the races. rains leave Third and Townsend streets at $:00, 10:40 and i1:30 . m., and 1215, 12:35, 12:50 and 12 Ni., returning Iimmedlately after race at 445 p. m. Seats In rear cars re- rved for women and their escorts. No B0k " cla street, 10 minutes jater. n Jose and Way Stations—Arrive at San Druuo &t 124 5. m." leave Sen Bruo st 4 and 4:45 p. m. RATES—San Francisco to Tanforan and re- turn, including admission to track, $1.25. . W. J MARTIN, President. ¥. H. GREEN, Seccretary and Maneger, Weak QFPee to the |Dr. W. S. Riece, EMPLOYES REBEL AT EXACTIONS OF BONDS Charter Provision Requires Security From All Officers Except La- borers—More Appoint- ments Announced. The employes of the Board of Public Works are greatly exercisedover a provis- lon of the charter requiring adequate bonds for all employes, except laborers, for the faithful performance of their dutiesin such sums as may be fixed by the Super- visors. This provision is to be rigidly en- forced, and in response to a request from the Supervisors the Board of Public Works vesterday submitted a statement as a Sug- . for the fixing of bonds of its em- The security demanded ranges from $20.000, which the City Engineer is obliged to give, to $500 for janitors. Even bricklayers, pavers and sewer cleaners are not exempt, their bonds being placed at $1000. Following is a complete list of the bonds t ire to be exacted: Secretary, $10,000; clerk (over $100 and under), $3000; sten- General Office. $100), 8600 k ographer, City E chief and drs helpers, $1000 $5000, Pureau cipal office assistant, 5 assistant, $10,000; fileld fhice stants, $5000; book- o tant bookkeeper, §3000; cash- clerks (over $100 per month), $5000; under), 3000; stenographer, corporation yard, inspectors, $5000; dge, $5000; assistant idges, $3000; fore- carpenters, $1000; sewer cleaners, $5000 clerks (8100 and g2 . $1000; keeper of c $1000: $1000 , $10,000; in- carpenters, carpenters. $2000; head $1000; ele- $1000; ' head head janitor, electrician, $1000; “tinner, month), $5000; clerk per month) [ ts were made: Joseph E. Murray; dien . 'Regan, Gilbert Maguire, Timoth M. McCarthy Fisher, P; r, P. P Mur- Grennan and lland; teamsters (double team), $4 50 per . H. O'Brien M. McHugh; team- horse and cart, $350 per diem, M. Ma- ADVERTISEMENTS. Ruptured. the Well-Known Authcrity, Sends a Trial of His Famous Method Free to All Anyone Can Now Cure Themselves at Home Wituout Pain, Danger, Operation or an Hour’s Loss of Time From Work, To the thousands upon thousands of ruptured people. who are torturing themselves with trusses and Ip momentary danger of death from strangulation Dr. W. 8. Rice, 418 . Malp street, Adams, N. Y., will send free to all a trial of his famous method that has saved lives #0 many women and fldren well and free trial cost you mothing will enable see how ours M K LYMAN. Thort losing an hour trom work. Dr. Rice is deter- mined that every suffering man or woman shall know the wonderful truth that rupture can be cured and he therefore generously sends, pre- { paid by mall, his method, absolutely fres, and you can make a free trial of it. Write to-day without fall, as you cannot afford to miss this free and generous offer. r. highly esteemed citizen of Delray, Fla., say “The Dr. Rice method is & remarkable cure. I had an old rupture that defied everything, but in three weeks there was no ‘well 1 heartily recommend Dr. Rice 1o every sufferer.”” Do not fall to write at once for the free trial and thus cure yourself at home without pain, danger or detention from the ork. Write at once. Commence now the heavy work of spring begins you be cured sound as & dollar. . W. S. Rice, 418 L. Main St, Adams, N. Y. You will néver regret having one w0 ever since AWIK S Just as You like Get what you wish, and we ex- tend credfit, whether it be a Taflor Sult, Jacket, Cape or Fur Garment. Our prices for credit are as low as strictly cash houses. Chicago Tailoring GRAND OPERA-HOUSE TELEPHONE MAIN 632 CROWDED EVBRY NIGHT. «» « HOLIDAY MATINEE THURSDAY Immense Success of the Third Bdition of ALADDIN JR. DON'T MISS THE IRISH CAKEWALK. USUAL POPULAR PRICES. Good Reserved Seat in Orchestra at Thurs- dny and Saturday Matinee, 25 cents. Branch Ticket Office, Emporium, A REMARKABLE BILL OF ALL GOOD THINGS KATHRYN OSTERMAN AND COMPANY, 4 & FIELDS: DE WITT & BURNS: HAPPY FAN FIELDS DEETS & DON: AMERICAN BIOGRAPH. Reserved Seats, 2 balcony, 100; chairs and box seat 5 Matiness Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday. SPECIAL MATINEE THURSDAY, Wash'ngtoa’s Birthday. Tickets Now on Sale. CONCERTS AND RESORTS. John | rotrusion and I have remained sound and | e e S S S W S SPNRF SN AP SO S PP P S | | | i D006 O+b 600 UNCLE SAM’S HIDE-AND-SEEK GUNS BOOM LOUDLY ABOVE OLD FORT POINT > o TArmy Inspector Tests HE guns in the works above Fort Point were tested yester- day by Captaln C. H. Clark of the Benicla Arsenal. There are emplaced a number of the new ten- inch rifies mounted on disappearing carriages that have never been given an actual trial, and it was the desire of the department that ali of these should be tried under a service charge. The mortar batteries also have not been thoreughly tested, nor were they thor- oughly tested yesterday morning, but a shot from one mortar in each pit was taken. There are four pits with six- “teen mortars in each. The test was not so much a trial of the guns as it was of the carriages. The guns have all been thoroughly tested at the proving grounds and there is no doubt of their ability to stand any strain the service may put upon them. but with the carriages it is another matter. A “disappearing” carriage s almost as delicately bal- anced as a gold scale. Each gun & @+ s sosssbe e CHIEF SULLIVAN STRIKES AT THE "UPPER OFFICE" Announces Several Changes. AT e HEAD CLERK IS APPOINTED | SERGEANT FRANK H. NORMAN THE LUCKY MAN. s g s Sergeant Colby Made Register Clerk in the Property Clerk’s Office and Sergeant Fitzhenry Complaint Clerk. SRR S Chief of Police Sulllvan is rapidly famillarizing himself with the duties of hisofficeand his quiet investigations with- in the pastfew days haveled him to make certain changes which he announced yes- terday afternoon. The most prominent is the appointment of Sergeant Frank H, Norman to be clerk to the Chief, which entitles him to a salary of $200 per month. Norman has been in the “‘upper” office for some years and Is a most capable and courteous officer. When Clerk Wright re- tired on a pension, prior to the new year, Norman was temporarily placed in the | position, but later was transferred to the * v+ | tion | | opera | CHUTES AND Z00. iy atres MAJOR MITE; LILLIAN VON TILSD; BrACK BARTONS: OUHANA: PAUL CROIX; GEORGE Vi BYRD; NEW MOVING PI ES. Spectal! Amateur Night To-morrow, Wednes- ol ten ot Fhumday. Bai o rew 8 ington's . ane for Bentoburk B 1 general office as complaint clerk, a posi- tion occupied by Sergeant H. H. Colby for a number of years. Colby became clerk to the Chief. The position of complaint clerk in the “‘upper’’ office has been given to Sergeant John T. Fitzhenry, the “‘sweet singer” of the department, and an efficient officer, and Colby has been naslfned to the posi- of register clerk In the property clerk’s office. Sergeant Reuben Wolf, who has for two or three years been assigned to duty in the City Prison, has been ordered to re- rt to Captain Spillane for 811% as pa- |1 sergeant, and Policeman C. Donohoe, DR. TALcOTT & (o, STRICTLY RELIABLE. The offer we make fo men suffering from blood taints, varico- cele, contrac- ted ailments, debility and weaknesses, to wait for our pay until cure is effec- ted, s a g uarantee o of good =) faith and shows the ity HOME CURES A SPECIALTY, Write us in confidence and recelve in a plain sealed envelope full information, 897 Market Strest, Corner Sixth, . confidence we have in our abil B R R R o S S SV S AP S SO A SO DA A S P S the Workings of the Disappearing Carriages.i weighs more than thirty tons, and when it is discharged the carriage should be so well balanced that the re- cofl will bring the gun down gently to the loading position without damaging the mechanism and always just far enough to allow it to be locked in place until another charge has been driven home and the gun is ready for another shot. It is evident that a great deal of the efficiency of the carriage de- pends upon the way the gun is bal- anced and the manner in which the re- cofl mechanism performs its dutfes. The best results can only be obtained after the theoretical calculations are supplemented by actual firing. The guns tested yesterday fulfilled every expectation With the mortars the problem is not so difficult. The mortar is not mount- ed on a disappearing carriage, and the only duty the carriage has to perform is to stand the shock of the discharge and absorb the recoil. The backward Kick of the gun is taken up by hy- who has for a few days been one of the bailiffs in Judge Cabaniss’ court, will re- port for duty to Captain Seymour in the prison. Policeman John Fleming, who | was through a misunderstanding removed | from the position of balllff in Judge Ca- | baniss’ court, will report again_for the same duty. Policeman Arthur McQuaide | has been transferred from the property | | clerk’s office to Cng!nln Spillane’s division | for patrol duty. ergeant John Duncan has been relieved from night duty in the office of the Chief, and will report to i Lieutenant Esola for duty as desk ser- geant. The Chief intimated yesterday that | other changes would be made whenever he considers that the department would } be benefited by them. The Chief met the men of Company A in the assembly room at the Central sta- tion at 5 o'clock in the afternoon with the object of making himself known to them. He briefly addressed them, urging them | to see that the rules and laws were en- forced, and he would always be their friend. He praised them for their effi- clency, and sald that he intended to make the department the most efficlent on the continent. KEPNER IDENTIFIES ADAMS IN THE HOSPITAL Arrested Man Says He Was Attacked and Shooting Was Entirely Accidental. Gilbert Adams, the barber who shot his employer, E. S. Kepner, at 44 O'Farrell street Sunday afternoon and was arrest- ed at Banta Clara that night, was brought back by Detective P. Sullivan yesterday | afternoon. He was at once taken to tha Recolving Hospital by Sulllvan and De- | | tective Reynolds, and when Kepner saw | | him ha safd: “That's the man that shot | | me.” | Adams was then taken before Chlet Sullivan and made practically the same statement as was published yesterday morning. He claimed that Kepner struck him first and was on top of him when he cket and ulled the revolver out of his t accidentally exploded. He phatically that Kepner's wife had an; thing to do with thelr quarrel, and said | that he had onlf spoken to her four times | all the time he lived in the house. He was | locked up in ‘‘the tanks” pending the re- sult of Kepner's injuries. Kepner was resting easily rulardly and the doctors think there {s a good chance for his recovery. The Internal hemorrhage seems to have stopped. —_——— Original Guatemala Lottery Company The following are the numbers f the princl- pal prizes drawn on the 15th day of February, 1900, of the Original Guatemala Lottery: 43348, $iom; No. 4832, $1500; No. 69243, $760; No. 92367, $250. . —_——— Trustees Sell Smiths’ Cash Store. A long meeting of the trustees for the creditors of Smiths’ Cash Store was held yesterday in the rooms of the Board of | Trade. The outcome of the dellberations was announced later by Trustee T. J. Par- | sons. He sald that the trustees had sold the store to Harvey H. Dana, the presi- dent of the Dana power plant. He would not say what sum was gald nor give any statement concerning the future of the business, saying that Mr. Dana might be prepared to make a statement on that point to-morrow. The committee of nine appointed at the recent meeting of the creditors of Smiths’ Cash Store will mect to-day and the trustees will then report to them what has been done. This news will surprise the creditors, for the meet- ing was concluded only late in the after- noon. Mr. Dana will take charge of the business to-day. The trustees wera in charge yesterday. They are T. J. Par- sons, 8. Nickelsberg and M. Schweitzer. —_—e———— YouAreThinkingof Getting Married? ‘Well, get your carpets when they are the low- est price for a superior quality of goods and Z draulic cylinders, and when the gun I has reached the limit of its backward travel it is returned to its place by i hydraulic pressure. There is no neces- sity for balancing it, and its loading position is also its firing position. With the disappearing mechanism the gun s ¢ loaded down on the carriage; it Is | raised above the parapet by hydraulic pressure, and the shock of the recoll, when the carriage works properly, brings it down on the carriage just far enough to allow it to lock itself until it can be loaded again. There are guns enough now in the works on the Presidio hills to stop anything that ma; try to float iInto the harbor. All of the ten-inch—and there are fifteen or sixteen of them— and two of the twel disappearing carriages. There are more twelve-inchers mounted above ¢ the parapet, and in addition are sixty- 4 four mortars and three of the largest dynamite guns made. * ® $OI 0D D000 004009000+ 040000000+0-0000+000 | | PAY ON LEAVE FOR CONTRACT ARMY SURGEONS One Result of Their Organization. —_— BIG CONCESSION . SECURED CONTRACTS BEING ANNULLED AND NEW ONES ISSUED. S Clause Placing Hired Doctors Nearly on the Plane of Army Sur- geons—Chaplain Pierce for the Presidio. — The organization of the acting assistant surgeons of the army has borne fruit. Un- der a recent order from the surgeon gen- eral contracts are being annulled and new ones are being issued, and In the new ones is Incorporated one of the things the act- ing assistant surgeons organized to se- cure. The new contracts allow contract surgeons’ pay during authorized absences. When the acting assistant surgeons or- ganized in New York some months ago, one of the grievances they set out to right was the withholding of pay from contract surgeons whenever, for any reason, they were absent from duty. When a contract surgeon became sick he was sent to the military hospital, where he received good care, but was charged a dollar a day for his board. An officer is not allowed rations. He must keep himself. Actin, assistant surgeons are not commluloned‘, but to the extent of paying board they were considered officers. In the mean- time, while they were ?Lyln,‘ their dollar 39 g a day, their pay was s Fe In the new contracts it is provided that during leaves a contract surgeon shall re- ceive full pay. Contract lurfeon- are not glven vacations. They are hired at a time when vacations for military men are at a discount, and the only leave probable for them is a sick leave. Colonel Forwood, chief surgeon of the department, is calling in all the acting as- sistant surgeons in charge of transports, and is canceling their old contracts and issuing new ones to them. It is a distinct step forward in the position of the con- tract surgeons. It is evident that some arrangement has been arrived at between the surgeon ger- eral and the Auditor of the Treasury. He it was who first refused to pay acting as- sistant surgeons when they were llcfi. on the ground that their contracts called for pay only for the time th:‘y ere at work. As to the legality of altering the contract, he was directly silent, and it is probable the matter has been fixed up in some shape that will meet the scruples of the treasury auditor and help the acting as- sistant surgeon out of the financial di- lemma that was vexing him. . It is understood at the Presidlo that Chaplain Plerce, the army Cht’pll.ln who came (1om Manila with the body of Gen- erul Lawton and accompanied it East, will be assigned to duty at the Presiaio to take the glnca made vacant by the re- tirement of Chaplain Macomber. Chaplain Pierce is well known In army circles on k. Fine texture, well woven. Every known m..n'w u&“;cnm. Indianapolls Furniture Co., 750 Mission street. . — e Business Women Incorporate. Articles of incorporation of the Business ‘Woman's Club were filed with the County Clerk yesterday. The objects of the in- are to g together and fur- b corporation the ations of women en- gmflm in the buginess perguits of lifs.” The = :fl}'!h‘n’ e Bl:_h_l_l_l-l_- 4 - this coast. Acting Assistant Surgeon Aubray F. Higgins has been assigred to duty at the General Hospital. Major George W, Ruthers, commissary of subsistence, ha: received a telegram from Senator ia.- ferro of Florida, which exonerates him- from all blame charged against him as the outgrowth of the condemnation of a lot of by he troops ade b led&toctl:e named H made a servic | [ol- land. R:h now being prosecuted foy Ive-inch guns are on 4 | Benno Kirschbaum of Philadelphia. They pose attending the Paris Exposition PREMIERE LECON. PRUH-MYAIR LE-SONG. LESSON NO. 1. Hints on Pronunciation. 1. The student will note at the outset that there are sounds in the French lan- guage for which there are no equivalents in English. These can be represented by means of English sounds, but very unsat- isfactorily. 2. The following are essentially French sounds. They are nasal—that is, they sound through the nose: am, an, em and en are pronounced like aun In aunt; alm, ein, im, in and ym are pronounced very much like an In anxious; lan and len sound like e-yon, viz., fiancée; om and on when not followed by another m are n sounded like on in long; eun, um and have the sound of un in lung. 3. The above sounds may be more strongly by saving ang, o and ung, if the final definite s is omitted and the nasal given. may be considered as strangulated n after it, “top” of the nose. 4. Final consonants are generally mute in French. 5. The & (accented from right to left) has the sound of ay in hay, and the & (accent- ed from the left to the right) the sound of imitat hng. e in where. The final ¢ (unaccented) has no sound at all, while the e in the middle of a word or syllable has the sound of u | in but. 6. Note well that all final consonants are mute, except when followed by a word commencing with a vowel, then the sound of that consonant is usuaily blended with that vowel, For instance, vous—avez—eécrit is pronounced voo-za-vay zay-kree (ycu have written). Such blending will be marked throughout the lessons with a small arch (~) to connect the two words. 7. Additional hints will be given in intro- ducing subsequent lessons. Memory Exercises. Much-Needed Words and Phrases. 1. French; francais; fron-sae. 2. English; anglais; ong-lae. London; Londres, lon-dr. . England; I'Angleterre; long-gi-tair. . Parls; Paris; par-ree. | 1 do not sye&k French Je ne parle pas fra zhuh- nuh par-rl pah— . 1 do not understand; Je ne comprends pas; — —— con () pron (g) pah. Note—The student will note that when pro- nuncation is omitted the same word or phrase cccurs in some previous exercise or lesson. 8. Do.you speak English? LRI is; ~ Parlez-vous-anglais? parrl-lay voo zong-lae. 9. Not well. | Pas bien; pah-be % | 10. Do they speak English here? | Parle - t-—on—anglais—ici? parrl - tong | — zee-cee. | 11. Yes; oul, monsieur; wee muss-eeul, | No; non, madame; nong ma-dahm. Note—The French add sir, madam or m: addressing persons. | 12. How do you do? | Comment—allez-vous? com-mong tal- | lay voo. . Good-morning. | Bonjour; bong-jouhr. . Good evening. Bonsoir; bong-swahr. . This way, miss. Par-ici, mademoiselle; parr-eecee, | mad-mwa-zell. . That way, gentlemen. 1 Par 13, messieurs; ssleuh. . How much? combien? com-bee-yan. if you please. 8’1l vous plait; seel voo play. 19. Thank you; merci; malirr-cee. Note—At table, in refusing anything, “‘merel’” means ‘‘no, thank you."” n parr-lah may- | | Note—These lessons have been prepared for The C: are The lessons will inc and phrases, (2) easy conversation and (3) simple reading | dition to the TWENTY LESSONS IN FRENCH CONVERSATION. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton. s Home Study Circle by Professor nded primarily for Americans who pur- de (1). common French words lon reservé; sal-long ray- admittance. enire pas—ici; luh pubb- r pah-zeecee. . Furnished rooms Chambres meubiées ambres garnies; sham-br meuh- sham-br gar-nee. Bedroom to let; chambre & louer; — con- combien—est-ce? nez; son-nay frappez; frap-pay. . Hot water; de l'eau chaude; duh-lo showed. Some Give me A towel Une serviett toilette; vyet duh twai-lett ssa-vong. 1-nay mwa. mnh satrr- 35. Some matches; des-allumettes; daze allu-mett. 3. Come in; entrez; ay 3. Wait; atte day 3. Here it Is; vwa-cee. There it is; le voila; vywa-lah. Which is the train for Paris? O est le train pour Faris? oo ay luh tra-bn_poor . o not know; je-ne sals pas; — y-pas. : The beginner is advised to learn these phrases tnoroughly. A smali French-Eng- lish dictionary will help in interpreting the literai meanings, Lo your best with the pronunciation. You cannot get it per- fect. It you lived In Paris twenty years your French pronunclation wouid . still stamp you as either English or American. But you can mak If underst just as a Frenchman makes himself un- derstood in taiking Englfsh Easy Reading Exerciss. The reading lessons will supplement the conversatio They will aid in making - students ar with French words in printed form and will also afford excellent practic pronunciation. The expected to translate the exer- A great many of the es have already been ersational phrases. Vocabulary. word. Je viens; 1 come. Angleterre; England. Lundl; day. Matin; morn Suis; am. Je sul I am. Arrivé: ~d. 'Appartemen rooms. Fenétre; Voila: there Veutllez; be good as. Fermé; shut. Aujourd’hui; to-day. Défense; prohibitio Fumer; to smoke. Sais; know. Je sai I know Read and translate Into English: Je suls-anglals, je ne parie pas-—un student Is cise into Mot left mot de francais, 2. Je viens de Londres. 3. J'ai quitté I'Angleterre lundi. 4. Je suis—arrivé a Paris le soir. 5. Entrez mon-appartement meublé. 6. J'al vu “a louer” dans la fendtre. 7. Voila le sorti 8. Je ne comprends pas le francals. 9. Parlez-vous francais? Non, monsieur, jé ne parle pas fran- 11. Veuillez m'apporter du savon, de I'eau chaude et e serviette de tollette. 12. Ainsi que des-allumette: 13. Le buffet—est fermé aujourd’hul. 4. Défense de fumer dans cette cham- bre. 15. Y a-t-floune bofte aux lettres dans cet —hotel? 16. Je ne sais pas. Note—The second lesson In this course will be published on Tuesday next. In ad lessons in French convers: tion the studies will include hints of spe. clal value to tourists relating to hotels, cabs, restaurants, railways and Parisian customs generally. 1. LIQUID AIR. The “Permanent Gases.” But a short generation ago, as genera- tions are usufl]lfl reckoned, men still spoke | with some confldence of the “permanent gases.” This term, when it was intro- duced, meant those substances which oc- | curred only in the stage of gas, such as oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, and which | it was originally thought could not é)ossl- biy be made to become liquid or solid. | As interest in the matter grew and sue- | cessive experiments, scattered, pel‘haps,’ over long intervals of years, accomplished | the change for onessu after another, the | list of the so-called '‘permanent’ gases grew smaller and smaller, until there re- mained but the three. These successfully | resisted all efforts to liquefy them, al- though It was generally recognized by the | most ndvlnce(r scientific men that there wag needed only a greater perfection in | method to change them also, and thAl‘ every substance, under appropriate condi- tions, would assume the solid or the liquid | or the gaseous state. ‘‘Permanent” gas had then come to mean only a gas which | was very difficult to liquefy. The term, however, has now no meaning, for there | {8 no known gas which has not been con- verted into liquid. Early Experiments. i The first important step in this line of work may be sald to be marked by Fara- | day’s liquetaction of chlorine gas. Some few experiments before this seemed to have some measure of success, but they | were isolated and In most cases doubtful. | Sir Humphry Davy’'s assistant in the | Royal Institution, tried an experiment, at | Davy's suggestion, which h: important | and unexpected resuits. In a closed tube | of thick glass he heated a substance | which produced chlorine gas. Davy was | not present, but Dr. a friend eof Davy, happened to be. Thé anecdote h: been often told, but it is worth repeating here. | Both Davy and Dr. Paris were to dine | out, and the doctor, finding himself dressed, with time to spare, dropped in at | the laboratory of the Royal Institution, | where Flrum¥<i the assistant, had been left to work. He found Faraday heating | something in a tube, and glancing at it | he rallied the experimenter on using un- clean vessels, calling his attention to an | oilly substance in the tube. Faraday looked, acknowledged the justige of the remarks and immediately roceeded to file off the end of the tube. Immediately, to the surprise of both, there was a vio- lent explosion and the oil vanished. Dr. Parls went off to his dinner and | Faraday went on with his work, and on the foIYowln[ day the doctor was sur- | rised to receive this note: “Dear Sir: R'he ofl you noticed yesterday turns out to be liguid, chlorine. Yours falthfully, M. Faraday. This was the beginning, and it was not long before Faraday and Davy had suc- ceeded in convertt to the liguid form several . Including ammonia, nitrous oxide—the “laughing, gas” of to-day-an This carbon dioxide is a gas of the most common occurrence. It is uced by respiration and by combustion of any kind—respiration is but one form of com- bustion—and Is a constituent of atmos- | pheric air in pretty definite and constant roportions. e balance is maintained gy the action of plants, which break it up, digest the carbon and set free the oxygen again. Carbon dioxide proved to be comparatively easy to liquefy and even to solidify, and was for many years im- nt in work of this kind, being used n the liquid or the solid form to produce low temperatures. There came now a break of many years in Faraday's work upon gases, and in this ini terval the name t! 8 ut most romi; tl! is probably that of Thilorjer. 31:; ‘: l“’ 'g quantities :’:& in :»u;'" e in large # it at degrees below without m 3 with ordinary, otm is orfer's mixture,” In 1823, however, Faraday, who was then | 1577 | probably partly soli carbon dloxide, or ‘‘carbonic acld gas.” | besl: RECENT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton. Note—These rs on Practical Science have been prepared for The Call's Home Study Cirole 5y Profestor Willlam J. Hopkins of Drexel Inseitute. duce a temperature of 110 degrees below zero centigrade, or 166 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Some unsuccessful attempts were made to liquefy hydrogen and oxy- gen by pressure alone. We should know now that such attempts could not possi- bly succeed. In 1845 Faraday, stimulated by the work of Thilorier, began again to experiment upon gases.” He succeeded in Hquefying many—their names would be familiar only to the chemist—and in solidifying some of them. The liquids were, as a rule, transparent and colorless and the solids crystalline, transparent or trans- lucent. He was not successful in lique- fying the “permanent” gases, but he pre- dicted that If a low enough temperature could be produced they would pass into the liquid or the solid state, and he hoped to_see oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, “either as liquid or solid bodies, and the latter probably as a metal.” This last has proved not to be the e, for the solid hydrogen is distinctly non-metallic, according to the statements of the exper- imenters who have obtained it. Others were working at the same prob- lem, but none of them succeeded in solv- ing it, although Natterer produced in his apparatus the enormous pressure of 36 atmospheres—about 3,00 pounds to the square inch. The Passing of the “Permanent Gas.” At the meeting of the French Academy on December 24, 1577, two communications were read. One was from Cailletet, and had been In the care of a member of the academy for three weeks. In it Callletet wrote, under the date of December 32, : “I have to tell you first, without losing a moment, that 1 have to-day lique- fied oxygen. * * *' He seemed to feel some hesitation In muklnfi so broad a for he had produced only “a " that he “Inferred the pres- por very near its point of and he was anxious to be Hquefaction; able to “see oxygen flow.” The other communication was gram from Pictet, at Geneva, dated De- a_tele- cember 22, 7: “To-day I liquefled oxy- gen at a pressure of 320 atmospheres and a temperature of 140 degrees (centigrade) -9 - A8 jh" pressures Pictet suc- ceeded in obtalning an actual jet of un- mistakably liquid oxygen, the liquid jet surrounded by a mist of particles, prob- ably solid oxygen. - Greater successes followed quickly. Calilletet soon produced liquid nitrogen— only a few drops, which remained but three seconds; then liquid air, and finally hydrogen in the form of a mist. Pictet obtained hydrogen Smlnlly liquid and . The “permanent” ases were no more. All known gases ad at last been liquefled, although the liquid obtained from the most re: had cost much more than its weight in diamonds. More than half a century had been spent in the slow evolution of effi- cient apparatus and much effort wasted in futile methods of attack. The result would pmb‘bl‘; have been reached some years earller If one property of " which was not clearly set forth until late in the 'é0’s, had been underst at the nning. This is the “critical tempera- ture”—a pnrttcuh. temperature for each gas above which *no pressure, h rer great, can convert the gas to liquid. That some such condition must be fuifilied was vaguely appreciated by the greater minds, but it remained for Andrews to elucidate ‘was to be done before uefaction of gases was | the whole matter. One more thi the process of | established on a satisfactory basis. Some method must be perfected by which ligue- fled gas could be produced in quantity at a reasonable cost. This was accomplished in the so-called * merative method.” or method of cumulative effect, in which no cooling substance is used except the gas itself. Th rineiple involved was al- -~ lhu:o ph}‘y pu’nderltood and had {mod a p.‘:’{ of the nl)t employed nearly every succ s bl its itles, as appiied to this urpose, not been appreciated. N study will be continued on ?V:w%ug #