The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 1, 1900, Page 5

THE SAN FRANCIS CO CALL, MONDAY, J LEO DESIGNATES CARDINAL GOTT! AS HIS SUCCESSOR It 1s asserted tbat the Pope after the recent ceremony of door at St. Peter's Cathedral addressed his intimate in- ne Providence for granting me the grace of being able to fect of the con- y & ated Car lamo Maria Gotti, slgences and sacred relics, as his successor. s hard to tell how the c c al Gotti sprang into existence. mor f i 1s as Ligurian as Pope B niseries of the world like Sextus d diplom ties of the C m by Leo going on betw: siderable danger on account of y @ the ep To the great i the superior of the barefooted Car- t an end to disorder and re-es- e civil and re- e lack powers. d r all difficulties and his was turn the holy father decreed him a h no temptations for Cardinal Gotti, for, His ps Pope ter of very modest room at the Forum of Tra- itical tendencies are unknown and he a fighting Pope, according to his personal he majority which places him in St. Peter's ry or | | board | manner and armed with boat hooks. | I | received word from Point San Pedro that | accompanied BATILE I A CHINESE JUNK Illicit Shrimp Fishers Resist Arrest. THREATEN THE CONSTABLE B SR DISPLAY OF WEAPONS BRINGS THEM ‘TO TIME. IR L Twenty Members of the King Ow Yong Company Arrested and Their Junks Held as Evidence. S S Special Dispatch to The Call. SAN RAFAEL, Dec. 31.—A hand-to- hand fight in a plunging, rolling junk be- tween desperate shrimp fishers and San Rafael officers took ‘place to-day. The men were caught red-banded with the holds of their craft filled up with small fish and shrimps caught with the aild of the forbidden ‘“set met.” Late last night Constable George Agnew the fishermen of King Ow Yong's combine were using the proscrihed nets and also mingling & plentiful sprinkling o® *‘small fry" along with their iawful prey of shrimps. At dawn this morning Agnew, Deputy Fish Commis- sioner Alfonso Miller and several depu- ties, left for the scene. On their arrival they found the junks were out at sea, surmising that the fishermen were at their work the officials embarked in a | swift sloop to effect their capture. All| he junks but one yielded quietly to the representatives of the law and took their ¢ shoreward to awalt a launch to tow n Rafael. The exception up her sail and stood out across the Jay toward San Pablo. Taking in the sit- uation the officers gave chase and for | about half an hour the two craft tore through the water with their lee rails submerged. The boat occupied by the of- | ficers, however, soon shortened the dis- | tan between pursuer and pursued. A | he sea was running at the time and to the Orientals’ craft was a task | utmost difficulty. After some | new managed to spring aboard | tantly surrounded by Chinese | d in a threatening | In | the meantime the craft which Miller and the deputies occupied had been compelled | to sheer off, as the heavy sea made the | tw raft roll against each other and the | clumsy junk with her ponderous steering | of the trouble Agr and was in: with their arms ra | sweep threatened to smash the smaller | boat to pie Agnew drew a pistol on | his assailants, but even with this auxil- | in | ther aif fary it is doubtful if he would have been able to keep them oft had not Miller seen | his plight and sent three bullets crashing uncomfortable proximity entals’ heads | This brought them to time and no fur- ulty was experienced with them. The arrested men, twenty in all, belong | to the King Ow Yong Company and are among those who have been most per- sistent in the persecution of the Yung Wo | fishermen, who, by refusing to join the | Yong combine, brought the hatred of the | whole fishing community on their heads. Nets, fish and junks will be brought to San Rafael to b s evidence against the prisoners. The various factions of the camp at Point S8an Pedro have for a long | been at outs and the frequent ar- which have occurred of late will | 1el to the fire and a general war | of the tongs is feared to be imminent. to the Ori-| | proclaimed amnesty for all persons con- victed of or charged with crimes against the public security and the freednm of DANISH INDIES 08 UNCLE SAM Rumor of Their Sale by Denmark Revived. labor, vell as. political press offenses, This implies a. pardon-for those punished for participation in the riots that startled Italy during the early, part of the year. OTANI WILL TRAVEL. “Buddhist Pope’* Ix:tenda to Make a Tour of Europe. Déc.. 81.—Orlental TACOMA advices known as the state that Count Otani, Bud f Prelate 1 soon vistt f of Hongwan Temple, Europe and America. I the great t he represents ributed nearly 200,000 yven f ex- d su Some of his rs objected to this large but been q d visit is Expo The Call sum, Otani will - HENRY H. ARNOLD DEAD. Stricken With Pneumonia as He Was Recovering From an Operation. VENTU 3lL.—Henry H. Arncld, eme, died last night ia after ten days' illness. In by disease the irony of fate is emphasized. Two yvears ago de- ered a broken leg, the result accident. Later amputa- essary. After the op- ailed to heal. A second as performed, with a stmilar As a last resort a few months ago entire leg was removed, the patient recovering speedily and regaining his old- ne strength and vigor, only to be cut wn by disease just when a new lease life seem vouchsafed. He was 63 American cial expected from rice has been fixed mbert Pardons Rioters. g King Humbert to-day ' for many years. ty ADVERTISEMENT& Red, Rough Hands, Itching, Burning Palms, and Painful Finger Ends. ONE NIGHT CURE. Soak the hands on retiring in a strong, hot, creamy lather of CUTICURA SOAP. Dry, and anoint freely with CJTICURA, the great skin cure and purest of emollients. Wear, during the night, old, loose kid gloves, with the finger ends cut off and air holes cut in the palms. For red, rough, chapped hands, dry, fis- s itching, feverish palms, with shapeless nails and painful finger ends, this treatment is simply wonderful. Complete External and Internal Treatment for Every Humo Coneisting of CoTICGRA S0aP (25c.), to cleanse the skin of crusts and mticum scales and soften the thickened cuticle; CUTICURA OINTMENT (50 THE SET, $1.25 e.), 10 instantly allay itching, infammation, and irritation, and sootbe and heal; and CUTICURA RESOLVENT (50c.), to cool and cleanse the blood. A BINGLE SET i8 often sufficlent to cure the most torturing, disfiguring, and humili kin, scalp, and blood humors, with loss of hlm all else fails. % DEUG AND CuEM. CORP., Sole Props. t Pope of Japan from his position | ars of age and a resident of Ventura | { who_h | this BURNS WORKING FAUIT-CROMERS Treaty Proposition Re- garded as a Blind. agani s Special Dispatch to The Call. SAN DIE ! uel F. Smi Committee the comm 0, Dec. 3L—Chairman Sam- of the Republican County ys there will be no call for | to get together until the | f is of Grant, as candidate for | Senator, request it. he fact is,” he sald, “that since Mr. | Grant became a candidate for Senator | this committee has taken no action in po- litical matters, save in the furtherance of hig candidacy. Mr. Grant has not withdrgwn from the race and that will still be‘the governing principle of the ac- tion of the mmittee, There has been | no intimation from the growers of citrus | or s that they would have a called. To my mind, that | of the assertion that this agitation of the cit- His workers knew that ess to ask us to help the therefore they have now | ght to deceive us by asking us to | take action on the Jamaica treaty propo- | sition. When Senator Nutt was approached on the extra session subject he declared that | his position could hardly be more plainly | stated by himscif than if it had been by Assemblyman Works, who was defining his own feelings In the matter. “If Governor ge calls a special ses- sion,” he sald, “I shall attend, but [ will not be one to tie myself to an’ agreement to adjourn at_the Governor's behest Neither will I be one to go into a caucus uniess it is understood that the result of its deliberations shall not bind me and if, as some seem to believe, there are many on what Is known as the Miller petition ave signed with the intention of not having their names counted until the other elghtv-iour Republieans are on the list, it will be a long time before they are special is ample proot Burns is beh rus fruit m it would be B u ns fight ar | counted. My vote will still be cast for | Mr. Grant until he has withdrawn from | the race. That, I understand, will not be until Mr. Burns is also out of the| field.” Assemblyman Crowder is at present in Spokane, Wash., and his views could not be had, but it is understood that they are of the same color as those of the other legislators from here. ASSERTS THAT DEWEY KEPT OUT OF RANGE Montejo Attributes His Defeat at Manila to the Weakness of His Guns. CHICAGO, Dec. 81.—The Tribune to-day prints the text of Admiral Montejo's de- fense under court-martizl proceedings for his defeat at Manila. The bulk of the blame is charged by the admiral, not to himself or his fleet, but to the Spanish Government for unprepared conditions, He claims that Admiral Dewey kept out of range of Spanish guns—a proceeding which Montejo refers to as a ‘“retreat. Admiral Montejo say The only preparation that had been made for war was made by the Americans. The initial veloclty of our cannon was 519 metres; that of the smallest cannon of our enemy was 750 metres. Admiral Dewey, with pencil In hand, noted the thickness of his mantles and his casements and knew what energy was required to penetrate them. He also knew exactly the weight of the most powerful projectile of our ships and by a simple mathematical calcula- tion he arrived at the distance at which he could fight without himself receiving any harm. He says he ascertained that he could fight at a distance of 2000 or 3000 metres wjth absolute fmpunity. The situation, therefore, was just We were vulnerable to all the projectiles of the encmy, and this the enemy well knew, While he got out of reach of our cannon and remained cut of range all the while, In order to give an idea of our miserdble situation I may mention that we had only four- feen torpedoes for the defense of 2000 metres of space, and that the cable which we_obtained in Hongkong was only long enough for five tor- pedos, and therefore only five torpedoes could be placed. Milioecker Dead. VIENNA, Dec. 3L.—Mllloecker, the rnm. ser, who had been suffering from a parf R?vuc stroke, died to-day. i | This faliing off | vessels ANUARY 1, 1900. POPULAR C QF YOLO TO' WED voreTAN wesT. WOODLAND, Dec. 31.—Gossips have found a sweet morsel for conjecture in the engagement of Miss Voletah West and Byron C. Hughes, both of whom are prominent and influential families They will be married _descendants of the oldest, most Sacramento Valley. the parents of the bride, Mr. and Mrs, W. of Dunnigan, Yolo county. The bride is widely known in the society of two counties, Yolo and Colusa, and she is a great favorite in both. She is an only daughter, charming in man- ner and appearance, and possesses rare physical graces and a high order. Mr. Hughes is the third son of Mr. and Mrs. T. is a prosperous young farmer of exemplary habits and high charac OUPLE of the to-morrow at the residence of . H. West, who reside three miles north accomplishments of . Hughes. He | ter, | NEW SHIPS BUILT DURING THE YEAR Total Tonnage More Than in 1898. e e Special Dispatch to The Call WASHINGTON, Dec. 31.—The total number of vessels built and officially numbered by the Bureau of Navigation | during the calendar year just ended was 954, aggregating 267,642 gross tons, com- pared with 955, aggregating 237,600 gross tons, for the year 1888. Steam vessels built during 1899 numbered 421, of 160,132 gross tons, compared with 550 of 169,602 gross tons for 1898. Sall vessels numbered 533 of 107,510 gross tons, compared with 405 of 67,998 gross tons for 1898. The iIn- crease {s almost wholly on the Atlantic | and Gulf coasts, where 658 vessels of 163, 519 gross tons were built, compared With 538 vessels of 86,005 gross tons for 1898. On the Pacific Coast only 114 vessels of 20,807 gross tons were built, compared with 240 | of 61,923 gross tons for the previous year. in construction on the | Paclfic Coast, in spite of the fact that the | Alaskan_trade next year will be very large, is due partly to the belief that American | merchant vessels hitherto employed as transports to Manila will be released and enter the coasting trade in the spring. Construction on the lakes comprised 70 of 72,004 gross tons, compared with | 66 of 75,067 gross tons for 1898; on the Mis- | sissippi and Western rivers 112 of 11,942 gross tons, compared with 111 of 14,605 gross tons for 1868. he total output for the United Kingdom for the year has not | been ascertained, but it will exceed 744 steamships of 1,363,319 gross toms, all of | which were steel, bullt during 1898. The | returns for the first six months of the fis- cal year show the construction in the | United States of 527 vessels of 133,487 gross tons, compared with 511 vessels of 130,154 | gross tons for the corresponding _six months of the previous fiscal year. None of the foregoing figures inciude unrigged barges and canal boats. Including these the total documented tonnage built in the United States during the current fiscal year bids fair to be somewhat over 300,000 gross tons. ALDRICH TO CALL UP | THE FINANCIAL BILL | Arguments in the Quay Case Will Oc- cupy Much of the Time in the Senate. WASHINGTON, Dec. 3L.—With the re- sumption of its sittings Wednesday the Senate will practically bLegin the real work of the sesslon. Senator Aldrich has given notice that he will call the financial measure up on Thursday, and it is gener- ally believed he will then or on the fol- m{wxm‘ day make a statement in support of it. It is the purpose of the supporters of | the bill to make very few speeches, leav- | ing the opposition to do the greater share | of the talking, while its opponents, on the | other hand, will use every endeavor to | draw the friends of the bill into running | debate. | At present there is but one matter which threatens to interfere with the continuity of the proceedings on the financial bill. That is the right of Senator Quay to a seat in the Serate. Senator Chandler, | chairman of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, has stated that a report will be made in the Quay case soon after the beginning of business. It now seems probable that there will be more debate over the Quay contest than over the fin- ancial measure. Up to date not more than a half-dozen Senators have an- nounced a purpose to make set financial speeches, while the probabilities are that the Quay case will call out much animated discussion. It will be difficult to hold the discussion of foreign questions, especially the Phil- | ippine subject, in_check during the finan- clal discussion. Many Southern Senators are anxlous to bring the Philippine ques- | tion to the front, and it may be safely predicted that there will be more or less | reference to it from the beginning, as there will be an early effort to get up the Samoan treaty, and it may furnish a basis for discussion on the foreign policy it one Is not found before the treaty & considered. The week in the House does not give promise of much business. - PECULIAR ACTIONS OF THE LIVING WOLFSOHN LOS ANGELES, Dec. 3l.—Aaron Wolf- sohn, who came here from Chicago yes- terday with the attorney of the New York Life Insurance Company to prove that he was not the man who committed sul- cide here several months ago, left for Chicago to-night. He did not face the woman, Mrs. O'Neil, who claims to be able to lden(if{ the real Wolfsohn. The attorney will leave in the morning for San Diego, he says. The mystery cnncernln% this case |Is deepened by the actions of Wolfsohn at this time. Attorney O'Brien of the Insurance com- pany and Wolfsohn refused to talk to-day about the case, and maintained an air of mystery. They kept to their rooms at the hotel all day, and refused admittance to parties who desired to bring Mrs. O'Neil and Wolfsohn together. The city detectives are now Investigat- ing the case of the suicide who was buried as Aaron Wolfsohn. i LAND DISPUTE SETTLED. Tract Claimed by David Jacks Was Government Land. MONTEREY, Dec. 31.—The Secretary ot the Interfor has rendered a decision re- garding a large tract of land near Car- mel, ten miles from Momere{. settling the long_disputed question of its ownership unless, the United States Supreme Court reverses the decigion. The land was claimed by David Jacks, a large land owner, under the Conness act. Tt was settled upon by several other per- sons, who claimed it was Government jand, The Secretary of the Interior has decided in their favor. The successful claimants are K. M. Henneken, D. Bemrd, Joe Alves, J. C. Pinheiro and Manuel Mat. tos. A FEAR GROWTH OF AMERICAN TRADE French Economists Grow Apprehensive. RS Speclal Dispatch to The Call. PARIS, Dec. 8L.—A stiff campalgn apalnst the Franco-American commercial treaty is about to be opened by the Par- llamentary opposition to the Government and by the agriculturists. Despite the favorable report of the eitizens' commit- tee a hostlle current has become manifest among the Deputies who represent the agricultural constituencies, as well as those who sit for certain industrial cen- ters, against several clauses of the treaty. A majority of the agricultural or- ganizations have protested against grant. ing the United States the minimum tariff while manufacturers of farming imple- ments, bicycles and machine wools are deeply’ disturbed over the advantages ac- | Brandes and corded to their American competitors by the treaty. This anxlety is shared by the ollseed industry. The outcome of this feeling is a motion to be submitted to the Chamber of Depu- ties by members specially interested for the postponement of ratification until the alleged objectionable clauses have eliminated or modified. lier, Deputy for Beauvais, one of the Sup- porters of the motion, said in the course of an interview to-day that by consenting to a reduction of the duties on vegetable | olls the advocates of the treaty were se- | riously” Injuring the whole body culturists, particularly those and Normandy, where colza is an import- ant product. The Deputy declared that a reduction of protective duties by 75 per cent meant a hard blow to thousands of French farmers. M. Destournelles, one of whose hobbies it is to point out the Amer- can “peril,” said: “More than ever do T see the danger to Europe In the extensive industrial devel- opment of the United States. More than ever do I fear the American peril and the yellow peril. However, I do not con- sider the erection of a protection barrier to be the best dyke against Inundation by American products. We would make a more effective resistance by improving our national producing and organizing It on better lines.” JUDGE HENRY’S BODY of agri- in Picardy LAID IN THE GRAVE Services Attended by the Workmen and the Sacramento Bar Association. SACRAMENTO, Dec. 3L.—The funeral of Justice of the Peace W. A. Henry took place this afternoon, and was attended by a very large number of citizens, repre- senting nearly all the walks of life. The services were held under the auspices of the United Order of Workmen, of which the Judge had long been a prominent member. The local bar association was present in a body. The services were conducted jointly by the Workmen and Rev. J. B. Silcox, pas- tor of the Congregational Church, who | spoke in high terms of the character of the popular magistrate, with which he was thoroughly acquainted. The floral pieces were of most exquisite design and “The’ - pallb Superfor J o’ pallbearers were Superfor Judge Matt F. Johnson, County ASScssor Thome as Berkey, Sheriff Frank Johnson, Dis- | trict Attorney Charles Baker, Charles T. Jones and L. Neuborg. MRES. OELRICHS RECEIVES Dinner to a Select Party of Friends at Sherry’s. NEW YORK, Dec. 31.—Mrs. Herman Oelrichs gave a dinner at Sherry's in the palm garden to-day. Her guests were Mr. and Mrs. George B. de Forest, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Carolan of San Francis- co, Mrs. Burke Roche, Mr, and Mrs. Charles Childs, James W. Gerard Jr., Stuyvesant Le Roy Jr., Frank L. V. Hop- pin, P. Cooper Hewitt and M. J. Kennetry of San Francisco. At the “‘Hungarian’ ball in Madison Square Garden Mrs. Oel- richs and her guests occupied boxes. g TEMBLORS IN THE SOUTH. Shocks Felt at Los Angeles and San Diego. LOS ANGELES, Dec. 3L.—Two slight earthquake shocks were felt here at 4 o'clock this morning. No damage was done so far as known. The shock was felt at San Bernardino and other points south and east. SAN DIEGO, Dec. 31.—There was a sharp shock of earthquake about 3 o'clock this morning and another at 1 this after- noon. ey Pelotas Is Safe. LONDON, Dec. 31.—The Hamburg and South American Line steamer Le Pelotas, from Santos for Rotterdam, went ashore near Dungeness Friday night during a heavy storm, and was drawn off about 10 o'clock this morning by five tugs. Appar- ently the vessel has not received serious She proceeded for Rotterdam ‘Will Become a Citizen. KANSAS CITY, Dec. 31.—Philip E. Bur- rough, who has been British Vice Con- sul in Kansas City for nearly six years, has resigned, owing to the press of pri- vate business and he intends to go before the_ court Tuesday and become a natural- ized citizen of the United States. Reduced Rates. The great historic panorama of the Bat- tle of Manila Bay. which has been on exhibition at Central Park for several months, is soon to be removed for ship- ment to the Paris Exposition. Thousands have visited the panorama since its es- tablishment here, and now to afford every one an opportunity to inspect this magnificent picture the managcmenl has i cfded to reduce the price of admission to 25 cents for adults and 10 cents for children. This generous action on the part of the exhibitors will doubtless be lrnredmed by the public and be met by large attend- ance OTHELLO, THE M Copyright, 1899, b; POPULAR STUDIES Contributors to this course: Dr. W. Mabie, Dr. Albert S. Cook, Dr. Hiram Corson, Scudder and others. IX. OTHELLLO. 8 Introductory Study. 5 The tragedy of “Othello” is everywhere | acknpwledged to be one of the greatest triumphs of human genius. In both con- ception and execution it ‘stands unsur- passed In the literature of ancient or mod- 1 versar: | fulness folly and virtue a fig. is | ent Paul for | evidently 00R OF VENICE. y Seymour Eaton. IN SHAKESPEARE. Edward Dowden, Dr. Willlam J. Rolfe, Dr. Hamiiton Dr. Isaac N. Demmen, Dr. Vida D. our desire to think so may blind us to the | real truth about wicked men, as the st plicity of Desdemona and Othello heir eyes to the real nature of the That cold, calculating, serpen ike intellectuality, which considers tru in the world in which we it in his day encountered ern times. It fulfills all the conditions | paradox. “Be ye wise of high tragedy. Here if anywhere in art | s as dove: we stand face to face with the solemn et. bad as lago is mystery of evil, the possibilities of human | Pature even in its most . wickedness, the heights of human devo- ( e Eoes seeking for motives to justify - tion. In Iago on the one hand and in the | it G\ Unjustis ™ In this connection Coimt Moor and his gentle lady on the other | ridge's well-worn phrase. - the extremes of human character meet in | hunting of a motiveless malig t mortal conflict, and there is no hand to | do duty onee more. save. The evil prevails so far as evil can| Was Othello a bls ‘fmm"f""; b B ever prevail. We pity and tremble and | 0 means of knowing how Burbage pre- are chastened. written upon him At the time of his Can anything new be sald about this death we may infer t this wa his stupendou learned crit from Schlegel work? For 10 3 nd lovers of Shakespeare, and Coleridge to George Sidney Lee, have given the results of their studies upon the sub- ject in all its phas As we turn from the survey of the mass of writings that rs now us greate st triumph t forget nd the grieved Moor. his slew him The language Othello bl f the seems to mak One tawny have gathered about the play we are apt | especially leaves r little doubt on to feel as though there were nothing | this point more, elther wise or foolish, left to be . that s tresh said. The better we know the piece the As Di .V A now b 1 and black more we are likely to feel with Dr. John- A% ™ O b S SG son that “the beauties of this play im- | Throughout the elghteenth century, from press themselves so strongly upon the | Beterton to Kemble, he mly so attention of the reader that they can | gemerally in the Scatlet | draw no ald from eritical illustration™; | ish officer. Garrick so and perhaps the most helpful advice one | The elder Kean (1814) first to break the tradition in this case, as in the case of Shylock, and acted the part as a tawny Moor. His xample ha been generally fol from that day to_this, The question of color divides itself into two parts— what was Bhake- peare’s intention? and what is most effective on the modern stage? On the second point we may safely assume that the lighter col- or Is the only one aceep hlu' to a e e audience_of to-day. THE R'ALTO, VENICE. Did Shakespeare himself consider the can give Is, to read, and to reread, and to Matter important? In Cinthio’s tale the read again. For one to attempt to sum- Wicked ensign T e marize, abridge or interpret piecemeal for demona’s alle d aversion > her M another, seems almost an impertinence In plot structure “Othello” shares with “Coriolanus’” the distinction of being the most symmetrical and evenly sustained of the author's works. The explanation of this in the case in hand may be seen in the nature of the theme and in the form of the original story. In Cinthio's tale the plot is simple and the characters are few. Only one of his persons bears a name (‘‘Disdemona,” the ill-starred). Shakespeare selects names for the others, and in place of the wife's ‘relatives puts Brabantio. To this small group he adds the dupe Roderigo, a creature of his own invent'on; and to what important use he puts him in bringing out the real nature of lago is speedily apparent. In their first words together we early discov- er the “eternal villain.”" “the busy and in- sinuating rogue,” as he acts out his das- tardly plans. Not less clearly appears the noble, unsuspecting, free and open nature of his victim, the Moor. The lines of at- tack are worked out with precision, and the nature of the struggle s plainly fore- shadowed. In spite of all his efforts to s co is gradually but securely ape the hero is & el olled, and the plot proceeds s und Telentless movement to the tragic clo The climax or height of entanglement is reached in the (hird act o curta ickly falls upon the and the curtain qul h.} e 4r catastrophe in the fift sion; scene follows sc ] e and romorselessly, No explanationsof aw. Ons uences are offered, no e A irawn, Lt the student compare the finished play with the Italian origina {(given in full in Furness) and learn once for all how Shakespeare handled his ma- e eharacter devnlnmr'-eml‘nn‘;nfi?yfl\i: & somewhat exceptiona al . A A or's works. The time 18 too short (oF rowth. Othello, indeed, appears a V€ y Sifterent man at'the ond from what he vas at the opening of the play. 6t 1 mostly due, not to any growtn in character, but merely to the rousing o jons already dormant in his lv{'w}{. unfolding of _character, however, Seen In all the principal persons of the plot, has nowhere been S\Il‘uu:sml, K AS a stage play “Othello” has always favorite with the public and with e All the great actors of from Burbage to the elder ave appeared in it, several of -renowned success. Of st it was common to say that he did not play Othello; that he was L!lhfélo. ‘-} like judgment was pa. l‘l supun Edmund < v his contemporaries. S i\f:ns(k::)d)'mg any work of Shakespeare's we do well to remember that he wrote for a London audience and that he was thor- oughly English. Especially do we need to im»p this in mind when confronted with the mass of antiquarian and other matter that has been literally piled u;mn his plays in recent years, much of which Ferves to darken rathér than to elucidate their meaning. We are not to suppose, for example, that in_writing “Hamlet he cared much for Danish customs as scene uninterrupt- be the profession. mes, the la: | such: or in writing **Coriolanus™ for the rehistoric Rome. For romantic "5‘392;3’ his scenes were generally lald i remote places or distant times, or both, and he preserves in varying degree the lo- cal coloring of his sources. This, however, is often little more than a matter of | names. In his Italian and Scotch scenes he has preserved more fully than else- | where the local atmosphere, and from this | it has been claimed that he must have | visited those countries in person. How- | ever that may be, as he wrote for an Eng- lish augdience and in the English tongue ne naturally made his characters men and women not too foreign to English blood. | Accordingly Theseus becomes an English nobleman, Hamlet an English prince, Desdemona an Eaglish wife. Even his| supernatural characters are English. En- glish_fairies dwell in Athenian groves and English witches on the blasted heath of Scotland. | Does this rule hold for Othello? Not a few critics, following the lead of A. W. Schlegel, have maintained that Othello can only be understood in the light of his racial peculiarities. ‘“We _recognize in Othello,” says Schlegel, “the wild nature | of that glowing zone which generates the most raging beasts of prey and the mest | deadly polsons, tamed only in appearance by the desire of fame, by foreign laws of | honor and by nobler and milder manncrs. | His jealousy I8 not the jealousy of the | heart, which is compatible with the ten- | derest feeling and adoration of the be-| loved object; it is of that sensual kind,” | etc. No doubt difference in blood appears | to serve a purpose in bringing on the catastrophe of the play, as in the original tale; but is this difference essential or ac- cidental with Shakespeare? Commentators who seek to rationalize the poet's methuds and to find a cause for every effect will, of course, make this difference the main- | spring of the tragedy. But this the real truth of the matter? May not the mad jealousy of Othello be met with un- der every sun? Did Shakespeare's audi- ence need to go to [taly for examples of innocence misied, betrayed, destroyed? Was the noble, credulous, passionate man | a stranger to their observation? Othello’s | African blood is a mere accident and must ot blind us to the real significance of this marvelous presentation of a universal fact, as mysterious as it is universal, the presence in the world of malignant and deadly forces in human shape, and the consequent danger that threatens, we may almost say is inherent in, the possession of_the noblest virtues. Does the wickedness of Iago pass bellef .We should be glad to think so; and yet band. Did the poet take this literally and think it not worth while to modify it, or did he deliberately choose to startle us by another of those daring contrasts which approach the very limits of proba- bility, such as the wooing of Anne in “Richiard IIL" or the opening scene of “Lear,” 'or Hamlet's crueity to Ophelia? ' Christopher North held to the latter opinion, and argued it with no little persuasiveness. “Black s the utter antithesis.” and the thought has overcome it." take from his complexion you take iota from the signified power of lov Such are his words; but he tempers them with the reflection that “on the stage some conseiousness that everything is not as literally meant as it seems—that sym- bols of humanity, and not actual men and women, are before you—saves the piay.” Wilson's view (130) had been anticipated by Charles Lamb (1811) in his ly semi-quizzical essay “On the of Shakespeare.” love of 1a_for Othello is there cited as “Pity for the contrast the immense love that Every jot of soot you a Desdemc an illustration of “the perfect triumph of virtue over accidents, of the imagination over the sense: t But while he justifies is In a reading play, he objects to its ial presentation upon the stage. as Othello jealous? Coleridge argued, with his usual subtlety, that he was not. Th wer to the question depends upon 2 tion of the term. Othello is cer- tainly not_such a jealous man as was Leontes. We commonly associate with the word the element of morbid distrust. Othello was clearly not jealous in this baser semse. He is wholly unsuspecting at first. lago’s insinuations surprise and trighten him. these stops of thine fright me the He does not welcome distrust; he fights against it. Yet his suspicions are finally aroused and confirmed by the satanic in- genuity of lago and the co-operation of fate, and his great heart is fired and torn by the pains of jealousy. This he himself realized when it was too late; and per- haps the best answer to our question, after all, is that given in his own words— *‘One not easily jealous, but, being wrought, Perplexed in the extreme.’” True, & few moments before, when cone fronted with his deed, he exclaimed: “For nought did I in hate, but all in honor" yet, when the full sense of his rashness comes over him, he falls into sel reproaches of the bitterest tone ““When we shall meet, at compt, This look of thine will hurl my soul heaven, And flends will snatch at 1t'"; and a little later; *'O fool! fool! fool!™* But these reproaches are not Shakes- peare's, nor shail they be ours. We pre- ter Cassio’s final word, For he was great of heart.” Indeed, we miss the true import of the play entirely if we do not see and dwell upon the wrong done to Othello_rather thar the wrong done by him. The ap- palling calamity that falls upon him is the central theme of the whole. The fate of Desdemona, pitiful as it is—and it could not be more so—is secondary to the other. Coleridge has rightly urged that we must perseveringly put ourseives in Othello's place and remember his entire confidence in Iago's honesty, a confidence we find it difficult to comprehend from the point of view of a mere spectator. Unless Othello wins our deepest sympathy for his un- happy and unmerited fate the tragedy fails for us. Such compassion can arise orly from a sense of kinship with his no- bility of nature. The theater-goer of ancient Athens sat at the foot of the Acropolis, with the blue vault of heaven above him and all the glories of mountain and sea around him, und listened to the cries of suffering man in the tolls of inexorable fate as por- trayed by “The mellow glory of the Attic stage, Singer of sweet Colonus and its child.” Long certuries after and under far other skies a motley throng flocked to the Bankside to hear the “O! O! O!" of the grieved Moor and witness the tragic load. ing of the bed. How different the scene, the time and all. Yet the two were one. Here as there human hearts were touched by human woes when tuned by the master hand; and here as there the awful mys- tery of unmerited suffering and z.nguish the proud from pressed upon and subdued spirits of men. University of Michigan. —_———— Bound for Washington. Registered at the Palace s a party of distinguished politicians, who arrived at the hostelry last evening from the south- ern part of the State. It consists of Sen- ator George L. Shoup of Idaho, Senator Gl Slark of Wyoming, Hon A Binger Hermann, United States Land Commis- sioner; General F. C. Ainsworth, Governor N. O. Murphy of Arizona and Dr. F. K. Afnsworth of the Southern Pacific Com- pany. The i)nny has been through Arizona, New Mexico and other portions of the south on official business connected with the differnt departments and Congression- al committees to which they belong, and happening to meet they joined together -ns are now in this city en route to Wash- ington, D. C.