The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, October 27, 1899, Page 7

THE SAN Y¥RANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, OCTOBEB 27, 1899 g s PAUSON & CO.’S NEW STORES. vy boy should have one of suits. econ suit. the reduced price it would be omy to buy more than one They are actually worth $3.50 and $4.00—the price they regu- AMUSEMENTS. larly sell for. But we want you to know the boys’ price, $2.45 department — hence the Plain colors, fancy checks and mixtures, Tweeds, Serges and Chevlots, all “sizes, In a variet, PAUSON & y of styles. Hil “WORLD BEATERS FOR OVERCOATS,” 913-922 MARKET ST. Opposite the Emporium. 200-204 KEARNY ST. Northeast oor. Sutter. . srdidali AMUSEMENTS. The CALIFORNIA THEATER e | TIVOLI OPERA-HOUSE. Aot m”;“g;“'e' GRAND AND ENGLISH OPERA SEASON. 2 N To-N16ET ) 'sirvnnn,) TO-NIGHT! TO-NIGHT! TO-NIGHT! & (To-morrow Nignt, )™ (sUNDsY. ') SPECIAL SATURDAY MATINEE “A BREACH OF 50 A Milk White Flag By, SUNDAY, The P MATHEWS In the La ad ‘‘By the Sa GRAND 0 Lo MUSKETEERS! & RACING! R 1899—CALIF Winter Meeti track. B All trains Pabl " CAFE ROVALE IRATORS ! P 111 BLE PRODUCTION, ABLE RIVAL TO | IN HOOD.” | 15c and 10c. | Saturday Matinee 25c. a : fice—Emporium. | ALCAZAR THEATER: % A A ains eave the track at 4:15 and mmediatel IERCE'S FAVORITE. RESCRIPTION FOR WEAK WOMEN, To-morrow Evening 0 PROMISE” 250 | MATINEES—50s, 260 | | > 4 SUNDAY NIGHT, Next Commencing Monday “L'AFRI Avedano, Salassa, Wamn and Sunday Ni nbach's Great Comic Opera, 1 ““La Belle Helene The Most Delighttul Production in Years!! Bveryone in Town Talking About Iti! Evening, y Tragic Grand Opera, Meverbeer's CcANN rell, ght, 55 3 Great Walker, etc Four Performances of “THE BOHEMIAN GIRL." POPULAR PRICES.. ....... 25c and 50 Telephone for Seat: 9. DOGS. The Sensation SENT brated Farce. and Box Reserved Seats, 26c; Balcony, 10« MATINEES—Wednesday, SADA, VINT —L—O0—T—T—Y— of the Season. Seats, WRIGHT HUNTINGTON, MISS ADELE FRANCIS and GEO. FARREN. MISS LAURA BURT, WITT, WALTON'S ACROBATIC SIMIANS, MLLE. ERNA'S TRICK AND MUSICAL E DE- TOM BROWN, THE FLORENZ TROUPE. opular Comedians, AND BULGER, est Revision of Sea Waves.” 2c. RA-HOUSE. MAJOR MITE, Smal ADGIE and HER AND A GREAT V. SATURDAY Fight in _conjunction LIONS, UDEVILLE SHOW. IGHT! Lest Round of the CORBETT-FITZSIMMONS lest Actor on High D! Reproduction with _the JEF; PALMER-McGOVERN CONCERY{S AND RESORTS. CHUTES AND ZOO. EVERY AFTERNOON AND BVEM G. arth. iver, of the FRIES CALIFORNIA one laugh; mission to all " HANDSOME PRI pF FITZSIMMONS and = contests. ONE MAIN 532 Phone for Seats, Park 2. AT 2:15 O'CLOCK. OPEN FROM 1 UNTIL 12 P. M, STEEPLECHASE—CENTRAL PARK. ¢ the funniest resort in America, Coney transferred to San Francisco to make | everything new and novel. nced by thousands to be the real thing. King of the Wire, is a attractions and ride, 10c. ALL. ted Every Evening Till Notice. The Larges Worid. Wea NIGHT AT 8 { tive Curs OW AND SUNDAY | book & O diseac peaith Specialistcn the Coast. Est. 36 years. | DR. JORDAN—PRIVATE DISEASES § | Consultation free and strictly privase. Trewment personally or by Jener s ¥ ca y cor by the visiv DR. JORDAN'’S crear MUSEUM OF ANATOMY 1051 MAREET ST bat. 6:2 AT, 8..0cl, + Anatomical Museum in the cortracted oldest- A 1 every case undertaken. for men) 1051 Ket St.. i Write for Book. PHILOSOPHY of MARRIAGE, MAILED FREE. (A ceeesesen o £how lence of the THE ARY o CING! RACING! JOCKEY CLUB—1800 SATURDAY, Sep- Transcontinental tourists and trav- elers from all over the United States thelr appreciation of the excel- PALACE anw GRAND by making these hotels their headquar- ters while in San Francisco. hundred rooms, $00 with baths—largest and finest in the world. JOHN C. KIRKPATRICK, Manager. Four rid. teen | | at 12 m. and . connecting | k3 itrance to the 7 tickets to Shell Mound, Mole connect with San a Seventh and trains via Ala- tor and Nervine. neys and Bladder. NABER, 323 Market stre S. BAJA CALIFORNIA Damiana Bitters S A GREAT RESTORATIVE, INVIGORA- The most wonderful aphrodisiac and Speclal | Tonic {or the Sexual Organs of both sexes. The Mexican Remedy for Diseases of the Kid- Sells on its own Merits, ALFS & BRUNE, Agents, t, 5. F.—(Send for Circular.) REYN Goutor Rheu of the paroxysm edy; then, ¥. FOUGERA GOUT tism, ifon the first. 'Rey have recourse to @ single dose is often sufficient. & €O, 26-30 N. Willlam 8t..V. Y, OLD'S be confint Spesific. Few persons need e by SR e BRUSHE e llrv:llll, bl FOR BARBERS, BAK- bootblacks, bath- jard * tables, Corner Fout brewers, bookbinders, candy-makers, canners, Murker, '8 10 308 | Gyers, four mills, foundries, laundries, paper. our Special Brew au:m printers, paipters, shoe orles, Bteam a Lager, | stublemen, tar-roofers, tanners, tailors, eto, BUCHANAN BROS.. - [ and Valises checked free, Brush Manufacturers, 609 Sacramento St PRESIDENT 1S ASKED TO GIVE CHIPMAN SEAT Southern Pacific Now Unmasked. HERRIN'S HANDIWORK SHOWN Oandidate of the Businéss Men of the Pacific Coast for Interstate Commissioner Opposed by the Railroad. T g The Southern Pacific Company is now openly opposing the selection of the can- didate of the Pacific Coast.Jobbérs' and Manufacturers' Association for the posi- tion of Interstate Commerce Commission- er—W. R. Wheeler of this city. A peti- tion, drawn up b Judge R. B. Carpenter, at the instigation of W. F. Herrin, chief of the law department of the Southern Pacific Company, and taken personally by him to prominent citizens of San Francisco and Los Angeles for signatures, asking for the appointment of General Chipman from President McKinley, is already in Wash- llnzton and in the President’'s hands. The petition bears the names of several prom- inent citizens of California, among them | the names of Federal judges, a trustee of the Mechanics’ Institute, an officer of | the Merchants' Association, also the name | of a leading officer of the San Francisco | Board of Trade and others not known at | this writing. | The history of the matter is this: Soon | after the seatin the Interstate Commerce | Commission became vacant represent: tives of the Southern Pacific Compan | called upon certain leading merchants of this city and told them that they desired | that the appointment should be given to | Ganeral Chipman. The nfrchants, know- | ing that a man acquainted with business | and traffic conditions was needed, refused | to sign for Chipman. Judge Carpenter | then personally called upon' certain per- | sonal friends of Chipman and also upon | others and secured their sigfiatures by representations of various kinds. | petition was then placed in the hands of | Senator Perkins and was forwarded by | him to President McKinley. Senator Per- | kins said yesterday that he had forward- | ed the petition only just as he had pe- titions for several others who have also us¥1red to the position of commissioner. he Southern Pacific Company acted quicker than could the merchants, who did not take any concerted action until the present week, when the meeting of | the Pacific Coast Jobbers' . facturers’ Assoclation was held In th | city. The merchants are doing all th | can’ to forward the candidacy of Mr. | Wheeler, who was the unanimous choice =} of the executive committee of the Pa- | cific_Coast Association, representing the business of the coast from Puget Sound to_San Diego. They will send a petition to President | McKinley in a few days and will try to enlist the support of all the Congressional | representatives of the Pacific Coast in the | interest of their cholce—Mr. Wheeler. | This news will come as a surprise to near- ly all the mercantile community. It ju: tifles evervthing that was sald by T! Call concerning the Southern Pacific Com- pany’s attempt to seat Chipman. BELATED FILIPINOS WARDS OF THE ARMY IN THE CASUAL CAMP AWAIT- | ING TRANSPORTATION. | =5 | They Say They Were Turned Adrift From the Omaha Exposition. Regiments Arriving. | Fourteen belated Filipinos were sent out to the Presidio vesterday to find quarters | in the casual camp until the Government can send them home on one of the trans- ports. The Fillpinos were members of the troupe of singers that was exhibited at the Omaha Exposition. They say that their | contract was that they were to have all thelr expenses paid, and some of them were to receive $5 a month in addition. They declare that they have recelved nothing for two months, however,and that they are in destitute circumstances. They reached liere last Monday, and since then they have been living anywhere they could. Some friends gave some of them | the use of two empty rooms, but they could not be provided for all the time, so Gerferal Stafter was appealed to. He | had them sent out to the camp, and there they will stay until they can be taken home. More of them will drift In from Omaha in the next few days, for there were forty In_the troupe, and’ they have been scattered all the way from Omaha to this city. They have no friends and cannot make any fight for the money they say is due them, €0 they were in danger of becoming public charges when General Shafter made them wards of the army. A few of them have shown a desire to emain in this country if they can find work, but it is not likely they will be al- lowed to do so. The understanding was that wheri they had finished thelr exuibi- | tion they should be returned to islands by the exf)osmon people; other- wise it is doubtful if they would have been allowed admission. The Twanty-eighth Regiment is short at least one man. He showed up at the general’ hospital yesterday much the worse for wear, and explained that he had missed the transport. He safd too. in Jjustification, that he had broken his leg and had been otherwise injured, the presumption being that he had received the injuries in a mad rush to catch the vessel. He had no bones broken, how:. ever, and he was turned over to the guard and Manu- | to be kept in confinement untfl another transport sails. A sentry will see that he 18 not behind time again. To-morrow thé Kansas men will be mustered out, and already preparations for departure are being made. The regi- ment will start East on a special train about noon on Sunday. It is a week ear- lier than was at first intended, but poli- tics in Kansas could not stand the home- coming of the regiment and the election at the same time, so the work of muster- ing out was hurried along. It was at first supposed the idea was to get the men home in time for the elec- tion, but that was not the reason. It was figured that if the original date was adhered to—November 8—the men would return just on election day. There would be a big time In Topeka, every one would flock in from the country and the elec- tion would have to run itself. The poli- ticlans of the State drafted a telegram to the War Department, setting forth all these facts and requesting that the date of mustering out be hurried or delayed so that the home-coming of the men would not interfere with the voting. The an- gwer was a change in the date from No- vember 8 to October 28. Acting Assistant Surgeon James B. Pascoe has been ordered to report at the general hospital at the Presidio for tem- porary duty, pending his assignment to ) Manila. Assistant Surgeon John T. H. vter has been ordered to proceed to rtland on the transport Lenox for duty with the troops to be sent from there on lh’ixll Iransponr. ‘he trains carrying the Forty-sixth In- fantry and the Thirty-eighth Infantry ar- rived at the Oakland mole last evening and the troops will be marched to camp this mcn‘nln%‘h The Forty-sixth is from Boston_and the Thirty-eighth from Fort Riley, Kansas. DR. FORSTER CHARGED WITH MANSLAUGHTER THE PILL BOX PRACTITIONER ARRESTED. Result of the Inquest Into the Causa of the Death of Thos. J. Malley Upon the Operating Table. A Coroner’s jury yesterday charged Dr. Willlam Forster and Dr. Donald Maclean with manslaughter in their verdict in the case of the death of Thomas J. Malley, who died .on the operating table of the Pill Box Drug Store, 1069 Market street, last Sunday. Dr. Forster and his clerk were engaged in applying chloroform to the deceased while Dr. Maclean was about to begin an operation for phymosis. There was present at the time Walter McCann, a friend of the deceased. Mc- Cann had been a member of the United States Hospital Cor gle('eased was a disc. er, Dr. Maclean testified that Dr. Forster administered the chloroform and kept the patient’s pulse in hand, while the witness prepared to begin the operation, Malley was talking while the drug was being ad- ministered and when the witness applied a clamp Malley made an exclamation, showing that he had not become uncon- scious. When there was & convulsive movement of the patient’s legs—a com- mon occurrence in such cases and usually followed by unconsciousness and insensi- bility to pain—McCann said that the pa- tient was in danger—that too much chlor- oform was beihg administered, or some- thing to that effect, but the witness did 1ot pay any attention to the remark, he being convinced that there was no danger. At that moment the witness asked Dr. Forster to hand him an instrument and Forster left the patient for half a minute and returned with the instrument. Then it was that the witness noticed that the patient was in danger, D ster immediately set to work at induc- ing artificial respiration, but were unsuc- cessful. | Dr. Forster admitted that his drugstore | clerk a: ed him in administering the drug. On cross-examination by Coroner Hill, Forster admitted that he had been summoned to appear before the Board of Health and produce his diploma as a doctor. He had failed to appear because at that time he had no diploma. He suc- ceeded in getting a diploma in May of last year, ‘Walter McCann testified that Forster and his clerk did not appear to administer the 1g skillfully and that the chloroform | was poured out in such large quantities by Forster and the clerk that the liquid ran down the neck of the deceased. He warnad Forster about the danger, but no attention was paid to his warning. Dr. Forster's appearance and the manner in_which he gave his testimony c¢reated a bad impression upon the jury and had rs at Manila and the harged California sol- much to do with the severity of their | verdic | Torster was arrested later In the day | ana was released on bonds. The case against him will be vigorously prosecuted. | “Dr. Maclean was arrested In the even: | ing and also charged with manslaughter. | He was soon released by Judge Treadwell on his own recognizance. t L ——————— Fraud! Fraud! Where is Beamish? I have traded with him for twenty years. | They wiil say he is out of business. Why? Because he is now paying a low rent; and if you will only trouble yourself to call at | 209" Montgomery street, Russ House block, he will give you your money’s worth and more, too. Low rent; small ex- ense; high erade goods; all latest novel- prices will suit you. If you do not buy it will pay you at least to call at Beamish’s new store, 209 Montgomery | street, Russ House block. High grade | goods’at low grade prices. Immense as- | sortment. . s e Marshal Shine Goes East. | Tnited States Marshal John H. Shine |left last Wednesday evening, with his | wife and son, on a trip to the East. Mrs. | Shine and her son will stop off at Chi- | cago and there awalt the return of Mr, { Shine, who will go to Portland, Me., hav- [ing in custody Willlam Leland, a soldier { whom the Marshal arrested at the Yount- ville Home on a warrant from the Fed- eral authorities in Maine for falsely {swearing to an application for a pension. | This is the Marshal's first visit East for | thirty-five vears. ] Pl | | The Original Little Beneficencia Publica | Co. of 8an Francisco. Drawing | October 26, 1899. 7879 wins $370, sold In San Frane | cal; No. 22020 wine $1200, sold in San rem: | gjsco, Cal.; No. 52925 wins 363, sold In San rancisco, Cal.; Nos. 3421, 42123, 45,230, 46478 and | 77123"each wins $62 50, sold In San Francisco and | Oakland, Cal., and Virginin City, Nevada. 1 known in a municipal election. short of criminal not to grasp the try. Let every man who has the NEW ADVERITSEMENTS. SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 26, 1899, Editor of The Call: A vote for Horace Davis is an endorse- ment of the administration of President McKinley. Party issues are involved in this campaign to a greater extent than ever before L\refi Republican has with deepest satisfaction the marvelous progress of our country under the wise and patriotic guidance of William McKinley. Dur- ing the past three years from the Atlantic to the Pacific every in- dustry has throbbed with renewed life, every enterprise has pros- pered beyond the most sanguine expectations. California and San Francisco stand to-day upon the threshold of an area of progress such ashas never before presented itself, and which if not taken ad- vantage of now will never offer itself to us again. It would be little of Horace Davis would be a staggering blow to the administration that has brought about this happy condition; the Republican who fails in his duty now helps to destroy the prosperity of the coun- heart rally to the support of Horace Davis, and thus pledge his fealty to his party and his country. watched present opportunity. The defeat welfare of his State and city at omomwmmmg and he and Dr. | CALIORNIA WY 10D A MLLIO T0 HER INCOME Commercial Outlook for Figs. sl AL PROFESSOR SWINGLE’S HOPES —_— 2 If the Moths Now in the State Shall Survive the Winter the State Will Be Greatly Bene- fitted. — . One million of dollars per annum can be easily added to the income of Cali- fornia, in the opinion of Professor Walter T. Swingle of the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, by cultivating figs. Professor Swingle has been touring the State and keenly observing. His conclu- sion is that the foothill region of Califor- nla is excellently adapted to the growing of fig orchards and is like the natural home of the fig. Imported figs are now selling on the Atlantic coast at the extra- ordinary rate of $1000 per ton, and there are few to be had at that price. If Cali- fornia had a fig crop now it would be as good as a gold mine. “California ought to raise figs enough for the whole United States,” said Pro- fessor Swingle to a Call reporter. “I am satisfled that the possibility of so doing will be demonstrated satisfactorily.” The explanation of this is that if the fig moth, brought from Asla by Professor Swingle in Capri figs, shall -survive the| frosts the problem of fertilizing the figs, which has puzzled generations of Califor- nians, will be settied. It has heretofore | been supposed that the only ‘way to intro- | duce the fig moth into California was to | import small Capri fig trees in pots and Wait for them to grow. Professor Swin- gle had adopted the more direct method and brought them in figs, the figs being wrapped in tin foil. A journey across the | Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the North American continent did not hurt the moth in the least. There are many samples of the moth in the | State now, all so imported and all are doing well! 1f the moths survive the frost this win- ter, the way will be blazed out for the fu- ture industry, which cannot but prove an important addition to the State’s .com- mercial resources. Professor Swingle says that he thinks that it is also possible to introduce the fruit-bearing cactus into California suc- cessfully. This is something like the Prickl y pear, with the *‘prickers” left out. The fruit is of a dull,. red color and tastes something like a canteloupe. In Arabia this fruit grows on the desert.and | does not need any water to thrive. There are large tracts in California, now produc- ing no revenue, that might be made to ay well with crops of this Arabian fruit. g’rofessm‘ Swingle is investigating care- fully concerning the outlook for the date palm in California. The shortage in the Asiatic flé ought to supply a market for any Cal nia black figs fit to send forward this sea- son, Black dried figs have already been | sold, in small quantities, in the East, at very good prices. crop ifor- Grand Entertainment and Social. A grand entertainment and social will be given for the benefit of the Pacific Christian Hospital under the auspices of the Ladies’ Auxiliary at the Young Men's Christian Association building audito- rium, corner of Mason and Ellis streets, this (Friday) evening, October 27, at 8 o'clock sharp. Admission, including re- freshments of icecream and cake, 35 cents. Tickets for sale at Y. M. C. A. office. The entertainment will begin with a ten-minute address by Mayor Phelan, fol- lowed by a magnificent programme in which the following celebrated talent will take part: Miss A. J. Gardner and Mrs. A. C. \Vfi‘ckofl, piano duo; Miss Clara May Ru. sell, elocutionist; Miss Carrie Bright, vio- iinist; Miss Merrihew, soprano; Herr Carl Schwertfeger, barytone; Al Hazzard, ven- triloquist; Paul Wismer, ’cellist; Mrs. Giesy and &)upfls, Misses Engelhart and Farrell, Indian .club SWinFl}l 3 Miss Nel- lle Waters, musical novelity; Misses Lil- lian Copping, Evelyn Dickey and Ada Norton, trio. At the close of the entertainment the committee will serve icecream and home- made cake to "all who attend. Mrs. Deichmiller, the chairman, urgently re- quests all who will to donate cakes and send them to room 3, fifth floor, Y. M. A. building, marked ‘Pacific ospital All cakes left 0\'ert_ will be donated to the or Eureka Society Children. ROBBED WHILE THE FAMILY WERE DINING Daring Burglary Committed in the Western Addition by a Gang of Clever Crooks. Despite the ceaseless effort to capture them, the gang of crooks who success- fully burglarized the residences of Mrs. 8. H. Proctor, 1917 Webster street; Attor- ney Barclay Henley, 2131 Green street, and A Maxfield, 1314 Washington street, and | other residents last Tuesday night, are | still plying their nefarious calling.” De- seriptions of the articles taken from tie residences named have been given to the detectives, but no_trace of the valuables has been 'revealed. The officers whose | beats are in the Western Addition have re- ceived instructions to be on their guard and arrest suspicious characters found in their vicinity, On Wednesday night the thieves re- newed their unlawful work. They en- tered the home of Robert . Postle- | | thwaite, 1315 Leavenworth street while the | family were at dinner and boldly walked | off with nuggets and jewelry. The rob- | bery occurred at 7 o'clock, and was so | cleverly executed that it was not dis- | covered until an hour later, when the Chief of Police was notified. The police believe two men did the “trick,” and the thoroughness with which it was done impresses them with the opinion that the thieves were perfectly | acquainfed with the habits of the family. | The burglars gained access to the housc by opening the front door with a skeleton | key and then cautiously crept upstairs | to the landing. While one of the fellows hid in the dimly lighted haliway, watch- ing the family and some guests at dinner, the other entered the slecping apartments in search of valuables. He forced open | a bureau drawer and took therefrom a half dozen nuggets, a gold watch and a number of trinkets, and then continued his search in_an adjoining apartment for more spoil. The thief who kept watch evidently became frightened, as the ser- vant girl had passed him in the hallway | on her way to an adjoining room. He warned his pal and they took a hurried departure, leaving the drawers wide open | and other evidences of their visit. | When informed of the robbery, Chief Lees sent two of his men to the house, and they thoroughly examined the prem- ises, in the hope of finding the culprits. | Mrs. Postlethwaite was greatly shocked by the occurrence and declined to make any statement of her losses. Last night | one of the family visited the Chief's o | and inquired if‘a trace of the valuables | had been found, but recelved a negative reply. Every effort will be made to cap- ture the gang, as its operations in the | Western Addition are becoming alarming. — e J. H. CULVER DEAD. Superintendent of the Cogswell School Dies From an Operation. * James H. Culver, trustee of the Me- chanics’ Institute and superintendent of the Cogswell Polytechnic School, died yes- terday morning from shock following an operation for cancer. Mr. Culver had been in ill health for three years, but up to a short time ago attended regularly to his many duties. He had been identified for years with the affairs of the Mechan- ics' “Institute and mlnafied successfully a number of its fairs, having acted as secretary for over twenty years. Besides his_duties as superintendent of the Cogs- well School he also handled all of the Cogswell private interests and had estab- llng:d a most enviable record in the busi- ness world as well as in the social. The the Protection of funeral services will take place from the family residence at 1111 Mason street. THE ORA TOR OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Copyright, 1809, by Seymour Eaton. GREAT AMERIC Contributors to this course: Professor Albert AN STATESMEN. Bushnell Hart, Professor John Bach Me- Master, Professor Charles H. Smith, Dr. Frederic W. Speirs, Professor Andrew C. Mec- Laughlin and others. II. PATRICK HENRY. BY FREDERIC W. SPEIRS, PH. D. Early Career. Patrick Henry was born in 1736. He thus reached manhood at that momentous period of American history when events were shaping themselves for the great revolution, and in that stirring drama he was destired to play a most brilifant part. But his earlier years gave small promise of the distingulshed service which has made his name familiar to all Americans. Although he was of excellent family and might have enjoyed good educational ad-| vantages, he displayed no special aptitude for anything except woodcraft. At 16 his | father established him in trade. This en- terprise speedlly failed. And then, as one | of his biographers puts it, “having attain- | ed the ripe age of 18, and being then en-‘\ tirely out of employment, and equally out | of money, Patrick rounded out his em- barrassments and gave symmetry to | them, as it were, by getting married—and that to a young woman quite as im- pecunious as him- selt.” After his marriage he tried farming, and when that ended in fall- ure he returned to shopkeeping. His second venture In trade soon proved- as disastrous as the first. Thereupon this unsuccessful and unpromising youth decided to en- ter. the profession of law, and with many misgivings on the part of the examin- ers he was admitted to the Virginia bar. Thus _ingloriously began the remark- able career which was to be crowned by the highest hon- or attainable in the legal profession—the proffer of the post of Chief Justice of the United States. Patrick Henry soon established the fact that the fail- ures in trade and agriculture were not to be repeated in his new venture. He soon made a credit- able local reputation, and in 1765 he was sent to the Virginia Legislature. Immediately upon his en- trance to public life he began a career of meteoric brilliancy and of large signifi- cance for the American colonies. The Stamp Act. The student of American history will remember that the year 1765 marks the beginning of the end of the colonial re- lations of America and England. Just be- fore this time the British Ministry began to rigidly enforce certain navigation laws of the previous century, which restricted our trade for the benefit of English mer- chants. At the same time Parliament be- gan the policy of taxing the colonies without thefr consent, for the support of a standing army. The first important measure of taxation on the new principle, the stamp act, was passed in 1765, and the colonies instantly flamed into indig- nant protest. On receipt of the news of the passage of the act the Virginia Legislature re- solved itself into a committee of the whole House, ‘immediately to consider the steps necessary to be taken in conse- quence of the resolutions of the House of Commons of Great Britain relative to | the charging certain stamp duties in the | colonies and plantations in America.” To obey the law was to surrender the dearly prized right of self-government—to resist it was possibly treason. The seriousness | of the situation was apparent to all. The wisest counsel of the most experienced leaders was needed at this juncture. But to the surprise of the House the man who presumed to speak at this crisis was not a veteran statesman, but an un- | known, uncouth young lawyer, a new member of the Legislature. With calm audacity Patrick Henry proceeded to move a series of resolutions conceived in { a spirit of bold resistance to the stamp | act. The principal resolution was as fol- | lows: ‘‘Resolved, therefore, that the Gen- eral Assembly of this celony have thée only and exclusive right and power to lay taxes and impositions upon the inhab- jtants of this colony; and that every®at- tempt to vest such power in any person or persons’ whatsoever, other than the | General Assembly aforesaid, has a man- | ifest tendency to destroy British as well as American freedom | The older leaders were startled by the | boldness of the attack on Parliament, | and opposed the radical resolutions with all the force of their logic, but the young | orator met the opposition with keen ar- gument and with a torrent of eloquence that swept the majority of the Assem- bly to his support. The famous Virginia resolutions were adopted after a battle | of two days. By a single speech the young Virginian had won a place among the leaders of public opinion in his col- ony. Patrick Henry left for home imme- diately after his victory, and on his de- | parture the conservatives succeeded in | forcing a reconsideration and a modifica- | tion of the resolutions, but the sweeping | condemnation of the stamp act embodied | in the original resolutions had meantime | gone out to the country. This trumpet | call of Virginia to her sister colonies *to resist unjust taxation unquestionably ex-’ erted a profound influence. An Individual Declaration of War. On March 20, 1775, a convention was as- sembled in Richmond to consider means | for putting the colony in a position of defense. It was at this convention that | Patrick Henry, speaking not to Virginia | alone, but to the whole sisterhood of col- onies, declared that the time for peace- ful negotiations had passed and the hour | had struck for war. As a mere bit of | oratory his famous speech of 1775 is nota- | ble, but as an epoch-making revelation of | the unconscious sentiment of a nation | its deltvery is one of the most impertant events of the revolutionary perfod. The | oft-quoted speech first reviewed in mas- terly fashion the attempt of the colonies to preserve by peaceful methods the an- cient rights of Englishmen. And then, after af inspiring presentation of the strength of 3,000,000 of people *“‘armed in the holy cause of liberty,” the speaker, with all the dramatic power of his won- derful oratory, closed with the majestic peroration so.familiar to all Americans:- Géntlemen may Cry peace, peace, but there is no peace. The war is actually begun. The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding-arms, Our brethren are already in the fleld. Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentle. men wish? What would they have? Is lite s0 dear, or peace 5o sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid ¢, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! “Patrick Henry’s individual declaration of war against Great Britain,” as Pro- fessor Tyler terms It, made a tremendous impression upon the country. He had | which took form in the Virginia resol | proclaimed openly what other men of his | position of influence had whispered under | their breath, and war came, as he pre- dicted, in less than a month. i { } The Critical Period. The war over, we approach what Mr. John Fiske calls ‘“‘the critical period of | American history.” In 1 during the stress of .war, our first form of federal |government had been deyised. The I"articles of confederation provided a very | weak national government, and as soon | as the war was over the States, which had been held together by the force of necessity as they fronted a common en- emy, began to drift apart. Exhausted by a long war, weighed down by heavy in- debtedness, demoralized by bad money and distracted by threatened rebellions, the nation that had so gloriously de- fended its liberties against England was in grave danger of dissolution through civil strife. The statesmen began to real- ize the necessity for a more perfect union, PATRICK HENRY. and in May, 1787, there assembled in Philadelphia a body of fifty-five men charged with the momentous task of re- vising the articles of confederation. Pat- rick Henry was not a member of the Vir- ginian delegation. He refused the most urgent invitations to participate in the convention, for he had come to feel that there was danger that the proposed re- vision would make the union so strong as to imperil the liberty of the people of the States. Opposition to the Constitution. The possible opposition of the great Virginia leader to the ratification by his State of the proposed constitution was a source of great anxiety to the advocates of the stronger union, and when the con- stitution was adopted by the convention ‘Washington sent him a copy, with a strong letter urging his favorable con- sideration. Patrick Henry replied: “I have to lament that I cannot bring my mind in accord with the proposed consti- tution. The concern I feel on this ac- count {is really greater than I am able to express.” The Virginia convention to consider the constitution was convened on June 2, 1788. Madison, who is sometimes called the “father of the constitution,” in recogni- tion of his great services in the conven- tion of 1787, led with consummate ability a strong group of supporters. Patrick Henry, who had thrown himself in the contest with his usual energy, marshaled the forces of the opposition in a masterly attack. But the eloquence of the great advocate did not avail. For twenty-three days battle royal raged, and then the constitution was ratified by a narrow ma- Jority. £ The struggle over the ratification of the constitution was Patrick Henry's last great battle in the arena of politics. Dur- ing his public career his legal practice had necessarily been neglected, and, like many other unselfish public servants, he found himself approaching old age with his pri- vate fortune sadly impaired. Declining a re-election to the Governorship in 1786, after his fifth term, he returned to his practice and soon repaired his fortune. In 1794 he retired from practice with a competency. In Retirement. His strenuous opposition to the consti- tution cost him the friendship of many of his former associates, and for a time thers was a cloud betwes him and Washing- ton. In a letter written soon after his retirement he speaks thus of his attitude toward the Government he had tried to modify: Since the adoption of the present constitu- tion I have generally moved in a narrow circle. But in that I have never omitted to inculcate @ strict adherence to the principles of it. And 1 have the satisfaction to think that in no part of the union have the laws been more pointedly obeyed than in that where I have resided and spent my time. Projects, indeed, of a contrary tendency have been hinted to me; but the treatment of the projectors has beén such as to prevent all intercourse with them for a long time. i In 179 cordial relations with Washing- ton were re-established, and the President offered his old friend the portfolio of State. This honor he refused, and within a few months he was offered the highest judicial position within the gift of the President—that of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. But Patrick Henry couid not be wooed from his retreat. He courteously declined the Chief Justice- ship, and within a year he also declined the Governorship of Virginia. Two more appeals for seryice reached him from the outside world. President Adams request- ed him to act as-envoy to France at the crisis of our relations with the French Di- rectory, but Patrick Henry was now too feeble to undertake the journey to Ku- rope. The last appeal was from Wash- ington, and this he honored. The violent attacks on the administration of Adam: tions of 1798, had alarmed Washington, and he asked Patrfck Henry to stand for election to the Virginia House of Repre- sentatives that he might *be a bulwark against such dangerous sentiments as are delivered there at present.” The veteran statesman consented, and emerged from his retirement in 1799 to deliver one more speech with much of his oid-time fire. He was duly elected, but-before the House convened he died. “A Mere Orator?” Patrick Henry ranied himself against the wisest statesmanship of his time when he opposed the-adoption of the Federal constitution, and history has proved him wrong. His fame has suffered severely in consequence. Many critics have re- garded him as a mere orator of unusual magnetism and fire, and have denied him the higher qualities of statesmanship, but later. research is tending to confirm the opinion of his contemporary, John Adams, Who asserted that he was a man “of deep reflection, keen sagacity, clear foresight, darieg enterprise, inflexible .intrepidity and untainted integrity. with an ardent zeal for the liberties, the honor mfli felic~ ity of his country and his species.’