The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, February 19, 1899, Page 18

18 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, Spectal Correspondence of The Call. ENVER, Colo., Feb. 11.—"Isa- bella!” “Isabella!” is the only cry heard in Colorado. One hears it everywhere, for it has forced itself into every abode, into every walk and occupation of life.. In fhe mining camp the interest is lurid; in- the railway office, in the store, on the street, among rich and poor, the one word “Isabella” brings up a vivid picture of untold wealth to even the féeblest imagination. Those who are fortunate enotigh to possess some of this fabulous wealth are groaning for more; those who have nothing are deploring the ill luck that has bes : them. The cause of it all is the unheard of, the unparalleled strike which has revealed great, glittering EN RovTE To THEMINE chunks, gold. Yet right here in the start let me say that I have not seen these alleged mar- vels with my own ey 1 he#s report what 1 have heard—what the very air is filled with. Of personal knowledge I'have none, and I warn 2ll who read what I here set down not to buy stocks rength of what I say, for what :ly the echo of what every- s, but what nobody has feet—of solid streaks—aye, body here Yyet proved. The ways of the stock jobber are and it is easy to start a ement over nothing in a community of fortune hunters, as the history of American mining has proved a thousand times. Not that I believe this to be so of Isabella, but I want this story to be accepied as report, not as proved fact. One cannot convey in words the ex- tent of the richn of this great find as it is reported. It reads too much y story to be credited, and it might be safe to assume that believers in the truth of this wonderful reality, produced by Nature's magic wand, are very gullible. But it eannot be con- troverted, for here is a vein of the shining metal 150 feet long and three feet wide, and it almost dazes one to attempt to predict how much more may yet materialize. It is the richest find— it cannot be called ore—that the world has ever known. A Veritable Golconda. Here is a veritable Golconda. Hun- dreds of ‘men, surrounded by untold wealth, their eyes dazzled by the treas- ure, suppress their inclinations to pos- sess, their arms powerless to take one dollar’'s worth from the true owners. What a temptation to the gold seeker who for years may have dwelt on just such a fancy as this! From young manhood has he braved the many vicis- situdes of the miner; he has endured the hardest toil, the severest hardships, the cheerlessness of cabins, the insuf- ficlencles of focd, borne the cravings uncomplainingly for love, light and home, all for this one thing—gold. Here it is in piles, in stacks, in streaks and in solid vein. The Isabella mine of Cripple Creek has undisputed possession of all this wealth. Even the “gob-stuff,” or what one may choose to refer to as low grade ore, will run anywhere from $1000 to $20,000 per ton. The reader's imagina- tion may be enlivened as to the possi- ble profit of this mine when it is known that gold ore at $i0 a ton, when found in sufficient quantities, is considered a bonanza. These sound like big stories, don't they? Almost too big to be “fakes,” even in Colorado. The owners of this mine are not at all excited. They have no need to be, and so are very placid indeed. They have the gold. They can control the whole, for out of 2,250,000 shares a Chi- cago syndicate has pooled 1,300,000, or enough to enable’them to dictate the destiny of the property. They can close down the mine to-morrow to bear the stock, and then, when they buy in at their own price, they can reopen and dig out the glittering treasure. This is not likely, for the company has just passed through the throes of threatened itigation and narrowly escaped it at the annual meeting. The minority is decidedly dissatisfled, and if there be the slightest Joop-hole it will be made exceedingly warm for the majority. The latter are well fortified, and have been trying for three years to acquire con- trol. When they laid their plans their wildest flights of fancy did not even ‘LN‘. LEL SHAFT SCENE OF THE BIG STRIKE conjure up an ordinary dividend payer turning out $20,000 a month. Nelson B. Williams began picking up the stock three years ago, when the property was owned entirely by Colo- rado Springs capitalists, who resided just the other side of Pikes Peak, which o’ershadows the mine. Count Pourtales, who is considered a very shrewd finan- cler; Percy and J. J. Hagerman, and a number of prominent Colorado Springs mining men and railroad investors were identified with the Isabella. They had lots of experience and foresight, and had piloted many a deal through ob- stacles that usually beset the capitalist and promoter. In spite of all this they allowed an Illinois tenderfoot to ac- quire possession of what is probably the only mine in the world that carries pure gold. It must not really be supposed that the whole mine is all gold, but there is & very goodly quantity of the real vellow metal in sight. A prominent mining engineer estimates the afount at $6,000,000. He also figures out there are as many millions of low grade stuff. This bewitched mine is right on the spot where five thousand miners cursed and execrated a couple of Denver sharpers who led them into the belief that gold was to be found at .the foot of Mount Pisgah. This was in 1884. The Denver men had salted a hole, sent the news to Leadville, then the center of the Little Pittsburg excitement, and stampeded the crowd of treasure seek- ers from Leadville to Mount Pisgah, one hundred and fifty miles away. They came in such a body—miners, metallur- gists, assayers, experts of every kind— that the swindlers abandoned the idea of selling a lot of worthless land and fled during the night to escape lynching from the hands of righteously indig- nant and decelved thousands. First Boom a Damper. This incipient boom had rather a dampening effect on the metamorpho- sis of a cattle camp into a gold section, now the greatest on earth. All the land where Cripple Creek now stands be- longed to the Pikes Peak Land and Cattle Company and they jealously guarded it. There was one homestead on it when Robert Womack began pros- pecting in 1891. Complaint was made to the owner of the ranch that the lives of range riders and of cattle were greatly endangered by the many holes that Womack was persistently digging over the property. He did not quite like the formation, however, and was about to give up his work when one day he picked up a rock to throw at an ob- stindte steer that was roaming in the vicinity of his claim. The weight of the stone amazed him. With another rock he quickly broke it open and he fo\lx‘ll-nd the inside fairly glistening with gold. One may naturally suppose he was intensely excited over this discovery. He lost no time in getting it assayed, and found it $2500 per ton. The news of this strike caused prospectors to come in crowds from all parts of the State. It must be confessed, though, on ac- count of the Mount Pisgah deception, that they were a little suspicious, and would have made short work of Wo- mack if they had been fooled again. A town was platted out on eighty acres of ground, and the ohly stipula- tion was that when prospectors aban- doned their claims the improvements which they might have made should re- vert to the original owner of the cow camp. 5 Addition after addition was platted and many lots were sold. This was in winter time at the close of the year 1891, yet in the few remaining months of the year $200,000 worth of gold was taken out of the ground. Then the boom that has not yet lost its zest be- gan, and it will contipue until every foot of camp is developed and is pro- ducing ore. The Real Rush Commenced. It was in 1892 that the real rush be- gan. Prior to this so many unemployed had gone into the district from Colo- rado Springs that the miners of Lead- ville sneered, and the camp and its prospectors were strongly identified with “alfalfa.” Geologically the camp was a perfect enigma to expert mining men. Colorado Springs was only twenty miles distant, and the whole surplus population soon emptied itself into the cow pasture. Mining men did not be- leve in it, and Denver let it pass. The district has had a hard battle with skepticism and incredulity, and it is proud of its well-earned laurels. In any event, the name of Robert Womack is more intimately connected with the early discoveries in the district than any other. He gave a number of his claims away and sold others for a song. As is almost invariably the case with those entitled to a portion of the for- tunes their fortitude and courage en- abled others to gain, he 1s now not worth a penny, while those he assisted are living In ease and affluence. He en- dured many hardships that others 8 5/,/:// ] W might profit thereby, and he should have some substantial evidence of grat- itude of ti active, bustling city of Cripple Creek, now so full of business and enterprise, but first called into life by Robert Womack. The lariat has since given way to the windlass rope, and the branding fron to the miner’s pick. The few herds that wind slowly round the rolling foothills of Pike's Peak are no longer the prop- erty of extensive cattle operators, but of ranchmen whose sole possession con- sists of 160 acres of ground, and even that is cut and crossed by mineral lodes. The evangel of progress little heed to the vicissitudes of for- tune. Extended exploitation will now g0 on more insistently than ever, and this wave of excitement caused by the pays. SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1899, i i Isabelia fires every one to try to get in on the “ground flooor.” Nelson B. Williams has demonstrated his ability to accomplish this feat. He scored a victory last week at the annual meeting of the Isabella Gold Mining Company. He has proved to the satis- faction of the-stockholders that he is president of the corporation, and, as he represents nearly one-half of the cap- ital stock of the company, any action taken must be with his consent and support. The Isabella Mine. The Isabella mine consists of about twenty different lodes, situated on the richest portion of Bull Hill, on the north slope of the prominence. The twenty claims contain about 155 acres. l BENNETT.AVE CRIPPLE Joining the ground on the east is the well-known Victor mine, which has paid since its organization as a stock company $1,250,000, and is still paying dividends at the rate of $100,000 every three months, or 50 cants a share. The principal producer of the Isabella group until recently has been the Buena Vista, which is now openéd up to a depth of 700 feet. Very littie ore has been stoped on the long vein below the 500 foot point. The Buena Vista was located by Sam Dougherty, a stonemason of Colorado Springs, in September. 1891. In doing his assessment work he uncovered a vein and chute, but it was badly broken up. . He deeded a one-half interest in the prnpersy in November of the same year to Billy Steele and John Blair. The consideration was that his partner should sink an additional twenty feet. November 27, 1891, Count James Pour- tales, then a resident of Colorado Springs, but now of Germany, paid $85,- 000 for the lode. It then showed, at a depth of thirty feet, twelve inches of sixty dollar ore. The sale created a big = sensation among mining men throughout the State and country, and as it was the first big deal consum- mated in the new camp Cripple Creck recelved a great deal of advertising from it. Investors reasoned that the new camp must be a wonder, and they were right. Dougherty, Steele and Blair received half cash, the balance being paid in shares in the new com- pany at the rate of 10 cents per share. Steele and Blair opened up a magnifi- cent saloon in Cripple Creek and made money for a few years. They sold out in the boom of 1892 and went back to their old homes in Missouri. Dough- erty still holds 40,000 shares of the stock and §s independently rich. Soon after the purchase Count Pour- tales interested J. J. Hagerman, then the silver king of Colorado, who was receiving hundreds of thousands of dol-~ lars in dividends each month from his famous Mollie Gibson silver mine at Aspen. The Isabella Company was in- corporated and a large acreage sur- rounding the Buena Vista was taken in, either by cash purchase or by shares in the new corporation. Among the people who held a number of claims surrounding the Buena Vista were the McKay brothers, Norman .and Dan. They made fortunes out of their stock and are now living in Canada, their for- mer home. Francis T. Freeland, one of the best known mine managers in the 0C000C0000000000C0000000000000000D0000000000000000000 Brigham Young's HEN I received an invitation to spend the evening at Zion House with Brigham Young’s tenth wife, I felt myself the most favored woman in Salt Lake City. It had taken considerable effort on the part of several prominent ladies of the Mormon capital to secure for me the few words which promised me a welcome at one of the most historic houses in the West. Mormonistic ideas are deep-seated, and it is difficult to break through the barriers that the strange religion has built around the “elect.” The last bit of advice glven me by my interested friends as we stood in the winter moonlight before the massive double doors awaiting an answer to our summons was: ‘‘Now, do be careful what you say, and, for mercy's sake, don’t let any one even dream that you are a writer.” I promised faithfully to mind my p's and q's, for I remembered hearing how a very interesting conversation had come to an untimely and most un- satisfactory conclusion a few days be- fore when one of President Young's wives had been silenced by the thought- less question of a Chicago girl. Miss Chicago had listened with breathless attention to her hostess. At a most interesting point in Mrs. Young’s narrative the girl had ex- claimed: “0h, but weren’t you just fairly con- sumed with jealousy?" “When such thoughts and tempta- tions entered our lives we had to crush them, that was all,” had been Mrs. Young’s thoughtful reply—but here had ended the interview. Presently footsteps were heard in the hall, and the door was opened by a frail-looking woman in black, who held a lighted lamp in her hand, forming a striking foreground for the deepening shadows that filled the hallway beyond. This was Mrs. Margret Young— “Aunt Margret,” as she is often called by her assoclates. Over her shoulder peered the face of a young and pretty girl, a guest of the Zion House, as we afterward learned. My friends being old acquaintances of Mrs. Young, we received a cordial welcome. Following Mrs. Young and the flick- ering light of her lamp, we were ush- ered through a wide hallway that ex- tended the entire length of the great house. At the farther end we reached the room used, upon this occasion, at least, by our hostess as her reception hall. The room evidently was usable as parlor, dining-room and kitchen. It was 20x20 feet, with windows looking toward the Desert News building, the abode of the officlal church newspaper. The bare floor was spotless. From the immense kitchen stove, shining like a Tenth Wife and Her Opinion of Polygamy dusky dfamond, came sounds of a smoldering fire. The teapot upon the hearth gave forth a pleasing odor. The kitchen table was topped with white oilcloth, while red damask covered the dining and center table. Many shelves and corner cupboards adorned the walls. A row of shoes—women’s shoes, of course, stood upon one of these shelves. ‘We found Aunt Margret in a pleasant mood. She is a kindly old lady of the average farmwife type of fifty years ago. No one would dream, from her surrroundings, bearing or appearance that she was the wife of one so great in church, state or social position as Brigham Young. Many a day laBorer's wife has more of life's pleasures and sunshine than President Young's wife seemed to possess. The husband was mentioned as “President Young,” and she spoke of him as one would of some person of power and prominence to whom fate had considerably given some distant claim of relationship. ‘We were told of the early days, the trip across the plains, the trials of the handcart system of traveling and of flights from and encounters with the rebellious Indian inhabitants. Mrs. Young dwelt long upon the hardships and religious criticisms “President Young” had endured. The bullding of the Zion House, her present abode, the Tabernacle, Temple and Assembly Hall were topics that delignted her soul Through all the conversation flowed the current of hero-worship with which Mrs. Young covered Brigham'’s doings. To observe this tenth wife. and to note the worshipful attitude of her con- versation toward one who i8 known to have given her but a scanty amount of affection, gives an idea of the mastery held by the Mormon_ husbands over their wives. Margret Young had never been even a moderately favored wife. She had given no children to her lord and master, by whose numbers his earthly and heavenly dominion and glory should be increased. Margret Young’s life, she told us, had been devoted to the raising of six of “President Young's” children. whose mothers had dfed. That she had done her allotted work faithfully and accord- ing to her light and strength none need question, for Brigham Young brooked no nonsense in the management of af- fairs pertaining to home, church or government. Toward the close of our call Mrs. Young drew special attention to the excellent state of preservation of the Zion House. Though nearing its fifty years of existence, the house has never been repapered, varnished or painted. Truly, Brigham builded, papered. var- nished and painted with the ability he displayed in the government of church, state and women. The partitions sep- arating the great rooms are over half r a foot in thickness—another stroke of wisdom! The windows are long and narrow, fitted with tiny panes of glass and old-fashioned shades. There were ng appointments or furnishings visible which were in keeping with the posi- tion of the women who reside there— wives of the rich and powerful Brig- ham Young. 5 On our departure Mrs. Young ac- companied us to the door, lighting the way as before. Holding the lamp in one hand, she extended the other in blessing upon the head of a maiden of 7, in our party, saying: “Child, you must always remember that you have spent an evening in the home of President Young.” Adjoining the Zion House is the Bee Hive, another of Mr. Young’s “homes,” where more of his wives are said to have “dwelt happily together.” Di- rectly opposite these dwellings stands the Gardo House, known also as “Amelia’s Palace.” Here dwelt Brig- ham and his favorite wife, Amelia. This was the state residence. It must have been a source of anything but pleasure to the wives just over the way to gaze upon the elegant and mod- ern home their husband had bullt for Amelia. To their weary hearts’ content they could watch their husband as he lingered, during the balmy twilight hours (for which Salt Lake City is Justly famed) in the lovely and frag- rant garden surrounding the palace with the well-beloved and stylishly gowned Amelia. Amelia is said to be the only woman who retained a mind and will of her own after marriage, and of her the fol- lowing story is told: When sewing machines ‘'were among desirable gifts Mr. Young purchased one as a surprise for this particular wife. When the gift reached the house Amella was away. Mr. Young hastened to find her, anxious to receive the words of praise his gift should bring. The machine had been placed on the landing above a long flight of stairs. Much elated, Amelja, followed by her husband, ran swiftly up the stairs to discover—only an abominable machine of labor. Turn- ing upon the giver a look of intense scorn the charming but furious wife gave the offending instrument a vigor- ous push that sent it crashing down the stafrs. When the sound of snapping wood and metal had ceased she turned upon her breathless spouse with: “There now, Brigham, you understand I don’t intend to do any such work,” and gathering up her silken skirts she disappeared into an adjoining room. This Mrs. Young still resides in Salt Lake City, though not in the Gardo House, as tourists often suppose. She is a good looking woman, showing much strength of character and pre- sents a decided contrast to aged Mrs, Margret Young. country, was appointed to take charge . of the Isabella ground. In the summer of 1892, when he com- menced operations, he found -an in- debtedness of $75,000 and very little ore in sight. The old incline shaft on the Buena Vista was continued down and levels opened every eighty feet. In De- cember, 1895, the first dividend of 1 cent per share, or $22,500, was paid. In the next eighteen months $270,000 was distributed among shareholders and then dividends were stopped. At the 400 foot point, or fifth level, the old Buena Vista rich chute was lost. A great deal of crosscutting and drifting and sinking was done, but that chute could not be located, or, if it was, the high values had disappeared. In the meantime Hagerman disposed of his stock to French investors at about 50 cents per share. At that time is was considefed a high price. In February, 1898 a new board of directors was chosen and Nelson B. Willilams of Chi- cago elected president. February 1, when George M. Kilborn took charge of the mine, he found very little ore blocked out in the different levels. He managed, however, to take out enough to meet the monthly payroll, while he kept the vast majority of miners employed on development work. In November, in a cross cut from the Buena Vista fissure, at the minth, or 660 foot level, the new vein and ore chute was entered. It was kept very quiét, and Williams and associates picked up all the stock they wanted at from 20 to 30 cents per share. The first shipment of high grade ore from the new vein was sent out on December 24, It consist of sixty-five tons, and it averaged $1020 per ton. Since that time half a dozen or more shipments of sim- flarly rich ore have been marketed. The same chute and vein has been opened in cross cuts at the fifth and seventh levels, 400 and 200 feet, respectively, above the ninth level. The Big Strike. In running the drift at the seventh level on the vein, which is here about six feet wide, there was a streak of quartz_and sand encountered that as- says all the way from $7000 to as high as $96,600 per ton. This chute appears to be over 150 feet in length. The phe- nomenally rich ore encountered in the stope last Saturday is holding out and is gradually lengthening and widening. There is now a streak of metallic ore three feet wide and twenty-five feet in length, eighteen inches of which is al- most solid sylvanite, and the other half an oxidized, rusty and native gold rock that is even richer. This sudden riches is simply adding another chapter to the faseinating his- tory of mining in the West. Where one “strikes it rich” a hundred never strike it at all, but one may be certain, in the case of the man who does strike it, that he did not find fortune by any other means than patience, persever- ance and pluck. The history of mining in Colorado is replete with such in- stances as the Isabella has just fur- nished, and stories- of the well-known men and mines have been told and re- told, but the most interesting ones are those that rarely reach, the newspapers, because they lie out of the path which the average newspaper man treads when in the West, and so are seldom heard of in the East. In the mountains of Colorado, scat- tered about among the villages and towns which for the most part contain its mining population, a-e scores of men who have located claims and cling to them in the fond faith that some day they will bring their owners wealth and ease and enjoyment. If the “‘property” be silver, it is held by doing on it each year the one hundred dollars’ worth of development work which the Govern- ment requires, in the hope that silver will be again ‘restored.” Then silver will be profitable to mine in small operations. Now the ore must be of good value, easily reduced, and the operation must be conducted on a scale which places it beyond the reach of any but a wea.tLy individual or com- bination to conduct. Story of the Enterprise. TL story of the Enterprise mine, one of the celebrat -d ones olPColoradD, fur- nighes an instance of how a woman takes up part of the bu len r° the struggle for wealth and oftener than not wins in the game. The Enterprise was located early in th: eighties in Rico—one of the oldest and, at that time, one of the livest mining camps in the San Juan country—by John Swickheimer. He was a very poor man and his wife assisted him in carrying on the development of the mine by taking boarders; and tradition says— it is one of the fondest of traditions in the life of any mining camr woman, and began with Mrs. Mackay in Cali- fornia—tra. tion says she did washing to help out. One thing that she did, which alti- mately proved her fortune, was to in- vest each month in a Louisiana lottery ticket. One month when her husband was hopelessly behind in his psyment to his men she drew a $5000 prise. In her disposition of it she proved herself a princess of finance. She paid the men the large sum which was owing them on condition that they would Work on for two weeks on the chance of making the long expected strike. The men agreed to it. Witk what was left of her prize the lady supplied the house with provender agairst the hard times she knew might agsin visit it, and very quietly invested the rest of the money in some very jich ore from a nelghboring camp. With It she “salted” the mine one night. her hus- band doing the practical Work involved in “shooting” the vein upon which they e me e om o e SAD TO PRODUCE SOLID GOLD--STORY OF THE STRIKE IN THE ISABELLA MINE.” It the Report s True It Is the Richest Discoveru of Gold Ever Made on the Continent were driving a tunnel, and in laying the salt—all of it expert work. Upon the strength of the rich “strike” mads when the first shot was fired next day in the breast of the tunnel the men were willing to work for a time—long enough to actually discover the very rich ore which Mrs. Swickheimer al- ways sald she “knew’’ was there. The Swickheimers came to Denver to enjoy their wealth. The move was a blow to their connubiality. Swick- hetmer pere was a plain man and chose to occupy a flat in the business part of the city. Swickheimer mere had nothing Iess in her minds’ eye than a suite at the Brown Palace Hotel. Upon this question of domestic arrangement the couple split. They secured a divorce ang for months the lady occupied ERECTING THE FIRST SHAFT - HOUSE OVER LEELOPES 1292 apartments at a really palatial hotel. The husband rested in his Curtis- street flat. He managed his fortune better than did his wife. He is still called a wealthy man. She married a man much younger than herself, and he, of course, managed to have a good time on what she allowed him. Then her investments were not of the best, and recently, in Denver, she was forced %o give up a valuable piece of property, which represented a large part of her fortune. —_———— The Flight of Birds. The speed of the flight of birds is often overestimated. The late Dr. Gottke of England supposed that mi- grating birds traveled at the rate of 180 miles an hour, which is almost cer- tainly impossible; and estimates of 140 and 150 miles an hour are frequently made. A recent flight of carrier pigeons from the Shetland Isles to London brought out a sustained speed of 37 miles an hour for 16 hours. This, how- ever, included stops for rests and prob- ably a good deal of circling to spy out the way, for a pigeon does not fly straight to the mark. Better speed was once made from Paris to Spa—250 miles, in § hours, but even this gives no hint of what a pigeon could do over a measured ten miles. Some authoritiea put their speed as high as 100 miles an hour; it is certainly very nearly that. Sir Ralph Payne Galloway estimates the flight of a teal duck at 140 miles an hour, but this again is doubtless in excess of the truth. It is well known that when gales exceed 40 miles an hour only the strongest flyine birds can make much headway against the wind. Any one who has traveled at a mile a minute on the pilot of an engine knows that the air resistance is felt as an almost crushing force. Audubon, the naturalist, once shot in Louisiana some pigeons in whose crops he found rice of a kind which couldn’t have been eaten nearer than South Carolina, 350 miles away. From the state of digestion of the rice, he con- cluded that it had been eaten six hours earlier. Hence he figured out a speed of a2 mile a minute for the whole dis- tance, though manifestly such compu- tations cannot be very reliable. He placed the speed of wild ducks at 45 miles an hour. In general, it is n@t believed that any bird ever flew more than 100 miles an hour, though it may be true. The swifter birds can certainly do from sixty to ninety miles, perhaps more, and almost any bird forty to fifty miles an hour. A frequent source of error in estimating bird flight is the fact that at an even rate of speed a small bird seems to be going much faster than a b(%hoenec.am" pigeon, the frigate bird, the falcon and the eagle are the cham- pions among big birds. The swallow is not particularly fast, but seems swift because he Is so little. —————————— Whipping 2 Bad Elephant u ever see an elephant whipped? 1 zi):'(y‘:u;mse you would ever forget it if you did. They frequently do it in India, because elephants are very obstreperous es. I!Rg::ntly an elephant, Abdul, was con- victed by court-martial of killing his keeper and sentenced to fifty lashes and too years' imprisonment. Two elephants Jed Abdul to an open space, and in the presence of the whole battery the pun- jshment began. The culprit trumpeted in fear, and made an unearthly noise. There were fourteen elephants on one side, and the officers and men of the battery on the other three. In the center of this hollow square stood Lalla (No. 1), the flogger, and the prisoner. The latter was chained by the four legs to as many heavy iron pegs, and could not move. Fastened to Lalla’s trunk was an im- mense cable chain. When all was ready the major gave the word and down came the chain with a resounding whack. Ab- dul roared for all he was worth. _Fifty times was the operation repeated, and then Abdul was taken to a compound, where he was to remain a prisoner for two years. e History Told in Knots. Tying knots in the handkerchief to jog one ory had its origin in China ne's memory had I rig] thousands of years ago. Before writing as invented in that country, :i)‘:shflppcn until 3000 B. C., memorable and important events were recorded by long knotted cords. The most ancient history of China is still preserved as told by these knots. 7] ror Tschang Kl invented e R antire system of r;‘knotumz" v od. And to-day the memory s A by us in handkerchiefs are tae K" surviving descendants of that an- cient custom.