The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 31, 1898, Page 25

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JULY 31, 1898 25 N METHOD OF TRANSWITTING PICTURES BY TELEGRADH : fri “The metfiit of Presx'd_cfit McKinley Here Printed Is the Result of Transmission of His Picture Over a Circuit of Six Miles, and Shows How Successfully the Great Problem of Sending Pictures Has Been Accomplished. The Uses ot Which. . This Great Invention Can B: Put Are Almost Beyond Estimate. It Wil Be " Particularly Valuable In Producing Portraits Of Those Who Suddenly Become Prominent. 2 o last it seems that the problem of sending pictu; diagrams graph ha solved. - As of ‘this it necess: that jt done. In this instance the sending of plc- tures by telegraph does mnot apply to producing a ‘“vis- image on a is to has re; een many miles distant . from the actual scene, .but to producing a ‘“me- chani image of certain lines —and dots. The that has accom- plished this wonder : the invention of t A. Hummel of St. Paul, Minn. For some weeks past he has been showing it to a number of interest- ent cities: of East, and in every formed all that was expected of it. There is the same difference -between the work of Hum- mel’s machine and one that sends vis- ual images as there ing and an engrav- In the former ing. and with more or less white between them as the case may require. R // g N L i —\r B the. | instance it has per-| is between a paint- | instrument | 1 pair of ed people in differ- | | paper upon a metal plate. the. effect of form is produced by color and ight and In the lat- | is produced k lines and dots of different s and shapes | \ RECEIVING PRESIDENT McKINLEY'S PORTRAIT BY WIRE. ‘With Hummel's machine it is possi- ble to send an outline drawing but not an actual photograph. A signature nr‘ diagram can be sent, but the least bit of shading will appear as a mass of the same tone as the rest of the pic- ture. In general appearance the work of the machine looks like a picture made | of a series of lines all running in one | direction. Of course this is flat and | there s a lack of détail most notice- | able. However, well trained artists can | supply all of this so that the finished | picture is all that can be desired. | Mr. Hummel is a young manufactur- | ing jeweler in St. Paul, and his inven- | tion is the result of numerous experi- | ments thought out and carried out | during all his spare moments for the last two years. He believes the instru- | ment will be especially valuable in | helping to catch criminals fleeing from | justice by scattering their photographs | over the country with the speed of | electricity instead of by the compara- | tively slow medium of the ma however, is only on incidental the invention. In scores of ways the device can be put to practical use. The Hummel Invention takes up about the same space as a typewrit and its table, or a sewing machine. Its principal features, of course, are the | transmitter and receiver. Each of these | is operated by a diminutive electric mo- | tor, hardly as large as the e of a | spectacles. ~ There is also a rather complicated system of clock- | work which controls the movements as | part of the machine. | The transmitter and receiver each has | a moving carriage, operated’ by the | electric motor. In these carriages are fixed the pencils which are used in copying the pictures to be sent. The carriage of the transmitter has a pro- | jecting arm with a vulcanized rubber extremity, in which is fitted- a sharp platinum point. By an ingenjous device the clock work moves this platinum point a very minute distance from the line in which it moved before. A screw and triple series . of ratchets are provided by which the width between the lines can | be regulated. ‘When a picture is to be sent over the wire it is first traced through a carbon Then the lines on the plate are brought out by a solution of shellac, which is a non-con- ductor of electricity. After the machine is connected with the electric circuit and the ‘platinum point is set in motion each time it en- counters a strip of shellac the circuit is broken. This break in the ecircuit throws down against the receiving pa- per in the complementary part of the 'SENDING PRESIDENT McKINLEY'S PORTRAIT BY WIRE. | death comes like a bolt from the s | gether different. | chine for dealing out bullets by whule-z machine a sharp needle point, which etches into the surface a line corre- | sponding to the course taken by the | PRESIDENT McKINLEY'S PORTRAIT AS DRAWN ON THE ORIGINAL PLATE IN SHELLAC READY FOR SENDING. platinum point while on the shellac in- sulation. When the platinum point has passed over the shellac and the circuit is again closed the needle poir: is lifted. It goes without saying that the har- monious working of the delicate instru- ments requires the most careful adjust- ment of the clock work which controls the velocity of the machine. This ad- justment Mr. Hummel reaches by sev- eral whirling fans, somewhat like the governors of a steam engine, but with | PRESIDENT McKINLEY'S PORTRAIT AS DEPICTED ON THE RECEIVING PLATE AT THE OTHER END OF THE WIRE. @icks instead of spheres. The inventor does not regard his de- vice as beyond the stage of improve- ment, but is now building a machine which -he expects to work still better than the one in use, and to do its work in less time. It now takes about twenty minutes to transmit a complete photo- graph. As will be seen by the repro- ductions, the portraits now sent by wire are distinct enough to be easily recog- nized, but Mr. Hummel is confident his next machine will bring out the lines still more sharnly and well defined. oo =3 000000 AR to-day is a slaughter by job lots. Modern methods have largely eliminated the element of personal bravery. The. puniest man may stand behind a cannon, take his range finder, figure-out the right range, touch a button and destroy a thousand lives. To a great extent bat- tles are fought in the dark. Sheliz are | seen coming through the air from per- | haps unknown corners. They fall and In the civil war methods were alto- Except as obscured by the smoke of battle, the soldiers | could see their foes and thelr weapons. There were no giant machines for hurl- ing tons of death-dealing iron and steel through the air from points miles and miles away. When the Swamp Angel came into exitence we all thought it was a marvel, and yet it was nothing compared with the modern engines of | war. In those times, as my own expe- rience taught me, in observing the men | who fought, the number of dead and | wounded often depended very largely upon -the personal conduct of the sol- | diers themselves. There was no ma- sale, and therefore the effect was reg- | ulated infinitely more by circumstances than it is to-day. The soldier who goes into battle in our present war with Spain must face a storm of bullets which are just as | apt to come from a half dozen machine | Buns ar from a regiment of soldiers. { These bullets fly at so many different | angles that it is almost like a cross-fire |at times, with the result that the sol- diers are unable to protect themselves as they were in the old days when there was a bullet for every gum and no | more. In spite of all this, however, I { am Inclined to think that our modern | methods are the more merciful, for the | | chances of a man being hit by a bullet | and living are entirely altered from what they were in the ¢ld days. If a bullet strikes a soldler in the head or some vital part death is almost cer- tain to be practically instantaneous. A man may survive for a few moments, but he is never likely to regain con- sciousness. If the bullet does not strike a vital part then the hospital methods of to-day, and I am speaking of the fleld hospitals, are such that unless | there is such a shattering of tissue and bone as to preclude the possibility of recovery the man is almost certain to regain his health. I well remember while I was with the army and in the hospitals during the eivil war that to amputate a man's limb sometimes | meant that death would follow not from the mere amputation, but because of that frightful thing known as hos- pital gangrene, which so often made reamputations necessary. Now to-day there is no such thing as hospital gangrune. At least if there is it is so rare as to be unknown to the majority of practitioners in hospitals. Ascptic surgery has reached that stage | where gangrene is almost an impossi- bility. The result of this will be, in the fleld hospitals, that when a man Is torn by splinter, shell or bullet, he will be 80 treated that there is nothing to con- tend with except the direct physical in- jury caused by the object that inflicted the wound. Of course, now as then the probabilities of man’'s surviving the shock of a wound are lesgened or In- creased by his physical state at the time he received the wound. Taking all things into consideration I have no hesitation in saying that the chances of the United States soldier of escaping with his life from the dangers of the battle field are 75 per cent greater than they were when last he fought an enemy of his own color. The character of the wounds inflicted and the immediate effect of the bullet or pieces of shell that inflict them are very different from what they used to be. We know more about the direct effect of the bullet than the shell. We have experimented with medical sub- jects in this regard and have learned that the force and velocity of the mod- ern bullet is so great that when it passes through the head of a person it almost annihilates the brain. style bullet might pass through any- thing and leave merely a clear trafl behind It and therefore its effect was small in comparison with the present shell. I am now referring to the bullet that is authorized by the Geneva con- vention, which forbade the use by any nation of the explosive bullet that in- flicts such fearful injuries. Then again a man who receives a bul- let wound in the body suffers from a much more serious Injury than he would have in other days. More tissue is destroyed and the bone, if hit, is splintered more. These things would make the ordinary wound in a part which is not vital an exceedingly se- rious matter, if it were not for asep- here again we find the injury is by modern surgical methods confined sim- ply to the hurt made by the bullet, and not the result of some after develop- ment. lose a leg or an arm than during our last war for the very stated—the increased shattering of bone and tissue. { the difference in the projectile and In death—holds good in the case of the shell, of wood will be infinitely more danger- The old | tic surgery. I do not say that the wounds are not serious as they are. but I think a man is more likely to reason I have “The change in the injuries inflicted in past and present wars is caused by the material used. The shell breaks in a different y. It is so different in every way that the effect seems to be | much greater, meaning by that that the injury inflicted is more severe. I believe that the statement regarding the bullet, that there are but two al- ternativ death and recovery, when a soldler stricken—meaning instant is nd I think that the statistics of the war's killed and wounded will prove this satisfactorily. “The wound inflicted by a splinter ous than that resulting from a bit of shell. I regard the wood splinter wound, taken altogether, as fright- ful if not the most frightful injury that can be recefved in battle in that it But our medical service Is thoroughly | up-to-date to meet all these new emer- gencies. There never was such a hos- pital service as that of the United States, on land, in the fleld or at sea. I have had occasfon to become very | familiar with the facts regarding this | subject and to know the two gentlemen | who have them in charge for the Gov- ernment. I want to say that it is my sincere bellef that there is not an in- competent medical man in the service to-day. Every man selected to fill a volunteer appointment in the medical corps has been picked from his fellows | because his training has fitted him for | the position. Do you realize that in New York city the hospitals every day more men suffering from wounds than the record shows United States soldiers have fallen in battie with the Spaniards? The man who has had a hospital training in a great city, if he is bright and capable, is well fitted for a medical position in the army or navy. In addition to all this is the ald and comfort the Red Cross Scciety will give to the wounded. The moment a man is wounded he becomes a neutral, a non- combatant. He is out of the fight, and in accordance with the international receive | agreement to the results of the Geneva 0000000000000 O0000000000000O00000000000DO000000000000000000000O0DO0DOOOOOD0O0OO0O CHANCES OF DEATH IN THE PRESENT WAR. BY DR. GEORGE F. SHR_ADY, President Red Cross Society, New York. 0000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000ODO0O0O0000O00ROQO0OODOO0O0O0D0O0D0O000OD0O00O00O0OC [} [} o o [} (] longs would have given him. The surgeon aboard the hospital ship Solace, the most splendid aid to the sick and wounded ever afloat, wrote me the other day that they expected an engagement soon, and when that happened and the wounded came aboard he would send me a detailed ac- count of the injuries inflicted by the modern bullets and projectiles. That is a subject of the deepest interest. It is just that study that will make the medical man more of an aid to his sol- diers, and yet God help the soldiers who are waiting for those wounds. Waiting for them, I say, just as a man unconsciously waits for death. Wait- ing for sorrow and suffering, martyrs to the cause of their fellow men. The whole medical world is awaiting the report of the result of those wounds yet to be inflicted. ————— THE SUEZ CANAL. HE recent troubles which Admiral Camara experienced with his fleet upon entering the Suez canal have made this waterway a point of special interest in the eyes of the world. The canal was first opened 00000000000 0000000 000000060000 00CQ0C00C0000000C00C0C0000000N0C ONE OF THE MOST UNIQUE BRIDGES IN THE WORLD. = —<=— PASSENGER CAR OF THE UNIQUE NEW BRIDGE IN TUNIS. 00000000000‘)00000000000000.000000000009000000000000000000 lodges and penetrates the flesh in jag- ged ways that make recovery well nigh an impossibility. This fact is entirely realized by the men at the head of the medical _department of our army and navy. It is to avoid wounds of this sort that every bit of woodwork pos- stble is thrown from a ship when she goes into action. Stripping for action is what the naval men call it, but it is in reality stripping to prevent wounds. \ flt '} - | Bizert, in Tunis. NE of the most novel bridges in all the world has just been finished at The requirements of a bridge at this point are similar to those ex- isting in many parts of the United States. A narrow river cuts through a part of the town. Traffic from side to side is quite heavy and large ships are constantly passing up and down the river. In a way this problem could be solved with a drawbridge, but this pos- sesses many disadvantages too apparent to anybody who has ever stood half an hour waiting for one of the things to swing around. The French engineers were equal to the emergency-at Bizert and solved it in the most unique manner. At present the new bridge is answering all requirements and there is practically no delay for either foot passengers, horses or ships. On either side of the river towers as hizh as the masts of the largest ship have been erected. Between the two towers at the top there is a strong, level roadway with tracks. Soarranged as to ride under the rails is a heavy s 150 feet. truck. Between the truck and the surface of the water is a distance of nearly Suspended by cables from this truck so as to be on a level with the street below is a car capable of carrying a number of passengers and half a dozen vehicles. and suspended-car froi. one side of the river to the other. # It takes very little-more than a minute for it to cross, and there is only a moment’'s waiting at either side. When a ship is passing it is ex- pected that she will steer so as to avoid the car. In this way there i§ no de- lay, and thousands of people can be carried in an hour, E the additional advantage of being picturesque, structed entirely of iron. convention he is no longer any one’s enemy, but a man to be aided and cured if possible. The Red Cross has at its command every facility that it is possible to obtain. It seems to me that the_goldier should be able to go into conflict with twice the courage when he can think that whether any one knows him or not, if he is wounded he will recetve the same care the hil est officer in the army to which he A cable operated by an engine on shore hauls the truck This bridge has even though it 15 conm- in 1869. It saves the trip around the Cape of Geod Hope and reduces the safling distance therefore about 4100 miles. The canal is eighty-seven miles in length. Port Said is at the eastern end, on the Mediterranean, and Suez is the southern terminus, on the Red Sea. There are no locks in the canal; it is lighted throughout by electricity PRESIDENT McKINLEY'S PORTRAIT FINISHED BY THE RECEIVER Y7 @\‘:’;; Y = 4l 7 i ERNEST R. HUMMEL, the Inventor. and can be navigated by vessels draw- ing twenty-six feet of water. Twenty- one miles of the canal dre made up of small lakes, through which vessels can pass at a speed of seven or eight knots, the maximum speed in the canal proper being limited to six knots. The tolls are determined by the ton, For a passenger steamer or war yessel the rate is about $1 80 per ton and 50 cents for each passenger. Vessels in ballast have a reduced rate. Admiral Camara was required to pay $160,000 as toll before his vessels were allowed to enter the canal. The canal is at all times neutral and war vessels of any naticn are permit- ted to pass through it, no matter on what footing the country to which they belong may be in respect to other na- tions. Great Britain is a large owner in the Suez canal, hayving acquired in 1875 all the stock bélonging to the Khe- dive of Egypt—177 shares cut of 400— at a cost of $20,000,000. Port Said is a town of about 10,000 in- habitants, while Suez, at the other ex- tremity of the canal, contains about 16,000 people. TO: BUSY . FO - TRAKE MONEY A lawyer had come all the way from California to pay a $10,000 legacy over to Uncle Jerry Hopefield, who had lived all his life in a little town in Ohio, and after breakfast two or three of us were Invited to go along and witness the transfer. When 'we reached the house Uncle Jerry was tightening up the hoops on the rain barrel, while his wife had gone to see a sick neighbor. They had been fully identified the day befere as the proper parties, and now the lawyer said: 2 “Well, Uncle Jerry, I wanf to hand you that money and get a receipt and be off this morning.” “I'm kinder busy, just now,” said the ‘| old man, as he stopped hammering for a moment. “Yes, but I have $10,000 here for ycu. I don’t believe there’s a man in the world who wouldn’t stop work long enough to sign a receipt for such a for- tune.” - “Mebbe not, but it looks like rain, and I want to git this bar’'l fixed right away. Can't you come over in about an_hour?” “Lock here, man, but did you ever see $10,000 in all your life?” asked tha lawyer, as he opened the satchel and displayed a big package of new green- backs. “No, I never did,” replied Uncle Je:ry as he pounded away. “Did you ever have a thousand dol- lars of your own?” “Lands, no!” “Never had a hundred you?” “Never. Durn that hoop, but it don’t want to go on!” “I must ask you to get this business over as soon as possible,” continued the lawyer, as the old man kept at hls work. “But it's going to rain.” “Yes, but here’s your money."” “And T've got to get this bar'l fixed.” “It won’t take over ten minut.s to fix up our business. Run along and feich your wife.” “See here,” said Uncle Jerry, as he laid down his hammer and wipeda the back of his neck, “Mariar has gone over to Blodgett's to be gone an hour. Befora she went she said I must tinker up this rain bar'l.” 5 “But can’t you stop your tinkering to handle $10,000 in cold cash!” exciaimed the lawyer in.indignant tones. “Yes, yes, I kin stop work; bit what abcut Mariar?" 3 “Well, what about her?” “Why, she'd come home expectin’ this bar’l to be all tinkered up, and if all at once, aid she found it wasn’t, them $10,000 wouldn’t hold her no more'n a tow string would hold a hoss. She'd just shove me clean down among the cab- bages, and jump on the bar’l with both feet and squash it all to squash, and fur the next week I'd hev to walk around on tkntoe and eat my meals in the woodshed.”—Washington Star.