The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 27, 1898, Page 18

1 NCISCO CALL, INDAY, GRAVE OF OSIRIS DISCOVERED: GR 7 v.'“ ? the tomb of of Set? If we words of o Europ: HE tomb of Horus? the are to believe th most holar Osir tomt Aby . Abyd Thebes, on the p < Abydos = hen w > 8T in ‘the Midd chief days was de Abydos; the form represented, 3y of the god imme but tk Egypt, ms married is had reigned for ried to dethrc >harach for et laid a plc ul co twenty would t Set and his frien whom it in y y put on nai the lid, d it fast and poured hot lead all around it ey then threw it into the XM which carried box and low, went in s ch of her nd’s body, and while livin, the marshes of the ta of the Horus was born. He he g was still seeking her manhood, but Is f The gods tcld her that husband’s body. she would now go to Phoenicia, and th at Byblos she found that the chest containing ¢ s’ body had been washed up on the shore and inclosed by the trunk of a huge This tree had been cut down by the King of By- blos and now stcod as a pillar in his O3SIRIO pal Isis was engaged as a nurse for ing’s children, and by restoring the one of them to life so gained the King's | Femmeee—oa s good will that he gave her the pillar aining the long-sought corpse when ked for it. then hastened to Egypt with the but leaving it to find her son chest Horus He ope and thri of Egypt. Isi scattered members found any part ed it, cut the body of Os] ew them all over the land s set forth to find these buried it, to be sure that t would not interfere again. Wherever one of these burials took place shri was erected to Osiris, but his rine was in Abydos, | where it was said that his head rested in a small chest. The soul of Osiris was transformed into the bird Benu, the phenix of Greece. As compensa- for long years of devotion, Osiris be- me the King of the Dead, or the su- preme judge in the “Tribunal of Amen- ti,” where he weighed the heart of the deceased in the scales. The heart is placed on one side, the symbol for truth on the other. But the legend is not complete with- out the of the adventures of Set and Horu et's crowning bar- of scattering hi s bones, tion for his sufferings and reward Ist Horu the son of Osiris, s out the murderer to be avenged. A terrible conflict ensue in which Horus loses an eye, but nevertheless makes Set ac- knowledge him as the true Pharaoh. Such is the chief legend handed down about these gods for ten millenia. The | ship of Os confined )5, but gradually it spread all | pt, from the sixth dynasty on- 1y of the princes and priests ir bodies taken to- Abydos manent burial, or at leas a visit to Osiris Uenofre. mony of taking the mummy to see ¢ s performed in great state by the priests. As the reverence for the God-King snread his character was developed in the popular mind. As King he was | looked up to for teaching the people | how to till the soil, as the great law- | giver and teacher of science. became not only the King of Etern but also the divine symbol of eve: thing that died and lived again. avenging Horus, born after his father’s death, was the symbol of final conque: and later bec | was made the god of the Nile, which | pay et happened to see the coffin. | | and wherever she | | Adolf | of the god kings altogether, notwith- | tions at Ul Later he | late : ; | years ago, the time preceding the earli- | | est of the so-called prehistoric tombs The | found by De M | ris, me the sun god, as Osiris | earth, 1999033083083 2304330; TOMB OF . THE KING THE X REPRESENTS THE OPPOSTE THE TEMPLE : KING SET | PRESENTS A SACRIFICE OF WINE. This discovery must affect the history of all nations, more or less, for the same tendency of elevating the king first to the position of a hero,. then of a demi-god and finally of a full and complete divinity has gone on among all the peoples of the earth from China to Scandinavia. The Chinese show us precisely how much of this process of apotheosis must have begun in cult of ancestor worship. Horus avenges the death of his father Osiris by dethroning the usurping Set. The sufferings of the great king who had given Egypt art, science and law made his memory all the more sacred. He is first reverenced and then it is an easy, short step to worship. Isis, his devoted wife, be- comes the name for wisdom and faith- OF LUXOR. tains the life of Egypt. The con- | flict between Set and Horus then | changed to the symbolic strife be- | tween light and darkness, good and evil. Egyptologists, like Brugsch, regard- | ed the dynasties of the Egyptian gods as pure myths, comparing these divini- ties with those of Greece, not hesitat- | ing to cite Apollo as the parallel to | Horus, for instance. Later historians of Egypt, like Bolko Stern (1896) and man (1885-1895), omit the list standing the fact that Egyptian sources cite two dynasties of god kings, and then a dynasty of demi-gods, be- fore the first human dynasty beginning with Menes Some have doubled the actualit: nes himself, but hes, especially by Flinders De Morgan, have estab- historic character of the e arc and the M. Amelineau has, however, eclipsed all previous discoveries by his excava- ur (ancient Luxor), where he asserts that he has found the actual tombs of C Set and Huros. The earliest date assigned to Menes is C., but, according to the Egyp- more than 2000 year: the divine and semi-divine dyna »:s, so that this t find take: ck about 10,0060 gan. M. Amelineau’s researches, if confirmed, prove thatOsi- Isis, Set and Horus walked the breathed, married, ruled, fought, died and were buried. | | fulness, and is symbolized by the dog | star. | Later she is confused with Hathor, | until the two goddesses are merged | into one with an infinite variety of| names and attributes. Horus becomes in turn a popular god, being accepted as the chief figure in the widely pre- vailing worship of the sun. Temples are erected in various cities to Osiris, Isis and Horus, the human quality is lost sight of in the divine, the gods have lost all similarity to human be- ing: This sketches the progress of the idea of divinity as it must have devel- | oped in Egypt, now that the tombs of | the god kings have been found. | Itisa| natural and simple process, which ex- | plains itself and upsets at a single blow the numerous theories which | have been set down as the “sclence of religion,” or the development of ‘re- ligious concepts.” Volur have been written upon this subject, )lved from the inner con- jousness of the writers, often re- gardless of facts. Many of these works | ave been branded as more fanciful than the myths which they attempted to explain, but nothing could so con- demn their fancies as the discovery of the old stone sarcophagi of the gods— hard facts, too hard to be denied. The a priori savants, who draw their | theories as the spider spins his web, from their own inwardness, will be rather tangled up in this web by M. elineau’s discovery. It is rather difficult to reconcile the tomb of a king | with the theory that there never was MARCH 27, 1898. ISIS such a being, and that the personalities Osiris, Isis, Set and Horus are nothing but personificati~~s of the forces of na- ture. This is the way the theorists went to work. They took all the le- gends of the Egyptian gods and noted that one divinity is spoken of as “God of the Nile,” another is the “Sun God,” another is the “Dog Star,” and they jumped to the conclusion that all of | the traditions were pure myths, based upon nature worship. They forgot that the great cemeteries, the necropolis at Abydos, for example, had as their cen- tral idea the burial of a great god king, and could not see that there must have been some great facts behind the myths—not merely the facts of sun, star and river, but the more concrete facts of a human king. 1f we could go to Luxor and see the massive ruins of the temple, if we could dig beneath the sands of Abydos an(é‘ of | see the hundreds and thousands tombs of great men and small clus- tered around the tombs of the god kings, we might be convinced that these kings were once upon the earth. Here are the countless mastababs, or truncated pyramids, built for the re- ception of the ancient dwellers in Egypt. Some of the less wealthy were satisfied with mere wells, into which their coffins were lowered. Others had their mausoleums built in the shape of grottos, where whole families were buried. In later times the tombs at Abydos took the shape of small pyra- mids, with a more elaborate interior arrangement. A stele from Abydos, now in the Leyden Museum, belonged to “the hereditary prince, and the prince, the nearest friend of the king, the high priest, with the right to wear buried here near his god. It is rather strange, in the face of such monumental proof as this, to find the learned Wilkinson writing that from the account of Manetho and other writers who mention the rule of the gods, it would seem as if the earli form of government in Egypt was a hierarchy where the King was priest. | He ada: “The succession of the different gods to the sovereignty of the respective colleges of pries the duration of their reigns is totally inconsistent with truth or probability. It is true that infant states are more pre-eminent for his abilities either as a statesman or warrior than by a body of persons with equal authority; but as the former opinion appears to be less at variance with what history has imparted to us, it is more reasonable to conclude that Egypt was ruled by a hierarchy. gends about them by other scholars tempted him to believe that “the story of Osiris’ rule in this world is purely allegorical.” Now, however, through the latest discovery the true “history is imparted to us,” and we know that Osiris was not a character.”” Herodotus may have mis- led many Egyptologists by his state- Greeks for pretending to derive their origin from deities.” But this is not | the first instance of misleading on the st | country | would then be explained by that of the | though | usually governed by some individual | Fom this it would seem that Wilkin- | son’s historical instinct suggested the |found on the monuments of clay tab- truth that the ancient gods were kings, | but the rejection of the myths and le- | the truth of the i ST CLASSICAL FIND OF THE DECADE of Ma’at, the great priest of Osiris,” | Wilkinson is considered antiquated in many respects, but in his view of the god-kings he has had many imitators among the most recent writers on the subject. The broad effect of M. Amelineau's discovery will be a revision and rewrit- ing of the history of an pecially of its earliest sectio will be a still greater result in mak- ing the scholars of the world more tol- erant and open minded toward the most ancient legend: It has been a favorite idea with some late students of the Old Tes ment to suggest that such men as raham, Isaac and Jacob and the twelye sons of the last patriarch wert pur!k‘ mythical, devised by the fancy of the people many centuries after the date at which they were stated to have lived. But research in Babylonia and Arabia, especially during the last few years, tends in the opposite direction. The very name Abraham has been found in Assyrian inscriptions, show- ing that such a name was current at that time. The names of the kings mentioned in Genesis xiv. have been lets, all tending to establish much of Biblical statements. The discovery of the tombs of the god- kings has no direct bearing upon those other questions, but indirectly it must affect the tendency of modern thought on all allied subjects. M. Amelineau has startled the world “mere allegorical | by the mere announcement of his ¢ covery. The particulars and subse- quent developments will be awaited ment that the “Egyptians ridiculed the | with interest by every man who would like to know what happened in the world ten thousand years ago, what men and women lived and ruled then the royal apron, the judge and prophet | part of the “Father of Lies.” Of course, | and what they did. ® ® HESE are ante-bellum' days in the opinion of many. The war clouds which, with the surrender of Kirby Smithonthe26thof May, 1866, were in the “deep bosom of the ocean buried,” seem to have rearisen and to be near. To the young men, who, if necessity arise, must bear the shock of arms as their fathers once did, and, possi- biy, to others, it may be profitable to recall some of the incidents connected with the first general draft of soldiers in America. On the 13th of April, 1861, Sumter sur rendered to the Confederacy. Two days afterward the President called for 75,- 000 ninety-day -volunteers. In eight- een days more he called for 42,000 ad- ditional volunteers for three years. In September, 1862, a_draft for 40,000 was ordered in New York to fill up its quota which had fallen behind,. owing to political animositi On the first of February, 1864, the first general draft that oul agle had even looked upon was ordered by Abraham Lin- coln. The writer was one of the Deputy United States Marshals for an interior county in the old Keystone State, and it seems to him even now, that it never entered into the mind of man to pre- conceive that which then came to his notice. In the hands of the civil authorities claims for exemption were allowable under State laws. More ways than can now be recalled and some which could not be mention- ed were employed to favor drafted men, who were to present their exemp- tion claims at certain places. When assembled for work we had each @ room and there was a common reception room. Only residents of that particular sub-district could pre- sent themselves there. Under this general draft of 500,000 men, substitutes were allowable, and many who put in claims, honest or oth- erwise, for exemption, had eyes open to the bounties of from $300 to $1000, possibly to be obtained as substitutes. Unfortunately for some of these poor frightened fellows, certain medical wags, actuated more by love for the MUSTERING IN THE SOLDIERS IN '6l. ‘@@‘@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ PP000PE0000000000 ludicrous, than sympathy for prospec- tive soldier boys, coached the appli- cants and their families with names for imaginary diseases which came near being the death of the entire board on more than one occasion. Among the first to appear were the mothers and wives, with now and then a sweetheart, of drafted men. Our surgeon, Dr. Rotherick, was one of the best men in the world; tender in his sympathies as a girl, and stern in discharge of duty as the Roman sentinel at Pompeii. But he bubbled over with humor, and had appreciation of the ridiculous, which enabled him to meet every attempt at deception with a witty reply and a laughable exposure. We had to withstand, almost dalily, earnest efforts to swerve us from the strait and narrow way, so that a frightened husband, son or best young man might go free of Uncle Sam’s uni- form and hard tack. One elderly Dutch woman adroitly secured Dr. Rotherick’s ‘attention and gravely offered him “a barrel of blue-black apple butter” to pronounce her son, who looked able to safely fall from a balloon, a physical wreck. “Dat’s my boy,” she said over and over again, adding now and then, “Hé's goot to me.” The physician was forced to order the boy to report at head- quarters to be mustered into service. One old lady came with her son and family Bible to prove him under 2L We had been informed that he had voted a year before. The birth record in the Bible plainly showed the original date to have been erased and a new one entered of a recent date, and in ink of a different shade. He was requested to report for a suit of blue. A broad-shouldered woodchopperof 43 fell into the hands of a wag of a doctor, who after pretending to diagnose his | complaint, had told him what to say to the surgeon, and had put the words upon paper lest the applicant should forget them. When the surgeon asked what was the matter with him he said he had ‘‘morus multiflorus—bad, very bad, sir.” “What’s that?" almost shouted Dr. Rotherick, “What is it you've got?” The man handed him the paper. “Who gave you this?” [IoIcICIOIOICIOIOIOIOROROROJOROKO) ® @ “Dr. W.—here in this town He ex- amined me an hour and said I had this disease bad, sir.” “See here, my good man, for you look like one, do you know what this paper says is the matter with you?” ‘No, sir.” “Well, ‘morus multiflorus’ is . flow- ering mulberry tree. He has fooled you.” For a moment the victim looked as- tounded; then with a “d—n him” he bolted and we saw him no more—'til a soldier in camp. There was in one of the country sub- districts a family of McC’s—the father 6 feet high, a blacksmith and farmer, and six stalwart sons, each one over 6 feet, with one excep- tion, who made up in rotundity for his little loss in height. Three of these sons were blacksmiths, two canal boat- men, and the fat one a quarry hand. These disability applicants were di- rected to appear for examination. “clothed in their fears only.” As the jovial Dr. Rotherick looked up from his record book he saw seven as large, strong and healthy men as his eyes ever rested upon. “Well,” said he, “what in thunder is all—say, what are you doing here?” looking the old man in the eye. “You're past 65 if you are a day, and haye no business standing there. What did you come for, and why did you-bring all of these fellows with you?” .The old man at last got his breath and said, “My sons here claim exemp- tion for physical disability. Their trouble is one tkat has been in our family for several generations. It came to me from my father and my sons have got it. It's lashes-in-your- eye, sir.” “What @id you say? Say it again. Lashes-in-your-eye—What in Moses’ name is that? Repeat it again, same as before, en? T don’t make it out.” “Show him Dr. C.’s paper,” said Fatty from the other end of the line, for he saw it peeking out of his father’s hand. Dr. Rotherick gave one glance at the paper, and the next instant, with a start that sent him half-way over his tables, he said between his teeth, “Great Heavens! Oh, mercy, this will kill me!” Turning to his attendant, “Invite the Marshal and Commissioner in here.” “Mr. Marshal and Mr. Commission- | er,” he saild as we entered his room, “I am 56 years old, been in practice thirty-two years, but may 1 go to the d—1 on skates if I ever saw or heard of anything like this. Here's a father who claims to have inherited a disease from his forefathers, and to have transmitted it to the six sons, six feet in height and 200 pounds in weight, o disease, gentlemen, vouched for by Dr. C. over his own signature.” “They call it ‘lashes-in-your-eye'— not understanding Dr. C., who says they are suffering with chronic cases, of what might affect the daughters of Bve, but never has till now affected mortal man.” “Can’t you examine them for your- self?” asked the Commissioner. “Why—yes—of course 1 can. I forgot that in my surprise. Old man, you may retire. 1 don't care what you've got, and, though you fellows are hit pretty hard, I am thankful I have only to deal with two of you. The two answering to these names remain—the rest retire. Step up here, you two lucky ones. Now, is this trouble which Dr. C. told vou about all that's the matter with you?” They said “Yes.” “§ou work every day at hard labor “Yes “Let me see your teeth—that's all. Go fix yourselves up and come back, and my clerk will have something ready for you.” They each received an order to re- port for muster into the service of the United States, and did not have any more “lashes-in-your-eye.” Not long after these events Provost Marshals appeared in the various dis- tricts, and the stern demands of mili- tary law took hold of drafting affalrs, pushing aside exemption claims under State regulations. Few were exempted now. Bounties were paid—in many cases more than once. Bounty agents and bounty jumping became as well known as Alaska outfitting establish- ments on Market street to-day. . . . The war went on. ~Thousands laid down their lives; many more were dis- abled, and by and by the angel of peace o spread her wings over our land. We became a national family again and all gave thanks. P. T. DICKINSON. —_————————— The owl's wise look is the result of a physiological oddity, his eyes being fixed immovably in their solkets; so whenever he passes his eyes from one object to an- other he must move his head. 5 g9@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@3@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@3Sé"@ GOLD MINE GUARDED BY A HERMIT. [oYololoroololooloxoloXooXoIoXoXoIoROXOXOROROXOROIOXOROXOROROROJORCROIOROROROJOXOROJOROROJOROROROROJOJO] ® (CJOXO] @ UMMIT,Vt.,March 17.—Henry Fox, Oxford graduate, owner of the famous Tyson gold mine and the most remarkable hermit New England has ever known, has re- fused an offer for his “claim,” and will under no circumstances quit the State for the Klondike, as was generally sup- posed. The account of the offer is not made public, but that it was a fabu- lous one nobody doubts, as‘previous at- tempts at a deal were based on a high figure. The story of Fox is as remarkable as that of his mine. He was born in Eng- land so long ago that he can hardly re- member the date, and after his gradu- ation began a tour of the world. He was shipwrecked twice, and somehow landed in the Central American mines, where he made a little money and learned a good deal about mining. On his return to New York he became the junior partner in the firm of Richard & Fox, assayers, 456 Gold street. ‘When the finding of a few poekets of gold in Bridgewater brought that town into prominence he began prospecting in the Green Mountains at a point where geologists claim a vein of gold- bearing quartz, extending from Nova Scotia to South Carolina, comes near to the surface. Fox had been In the State less than a year when he turned up at Ludlow and organized a company with a capi- tal stock of $100,000 to develop a ledge he had discovered in Tyson. When $300,000 had been realized Fox in some way got hold of the mine, stopped the machinery, turned off the miners and established himself in an old house at ‘the entrance to the main shaft. How much gold he has actually succeeded in taking out is a .k matter for con- Jecture. . & Tyson Village lies between Echo Lake and Adsulule, in a valley just wide enough for a fence and a road. At the Four Corners, where two high- ways meet, level ground is furnished for a store, a blacksmith-shop and a meeting-house, the latter backed by a graveyard on a hill so steep that no.at- tempt was ever made to draw a hearse up its sides. The village is completed by two straggling lines of houses, painted pure white, with bright scarlet blinds, and set into the base of deep- chested mountains whose precipitous sides end in rock crests far above the clouds. From here to the mine the distance is four miles. In one room lives the hermit—that is, he sleeps there. Most of his waking hours are spent in the mine, where he takes out the gold quartz. The living-room resembles a good-sized junk shop more than any- thing else, for it is piled with books, testing tubes, chemicals, electrical ap- paratus and all sorts and kinds of things. The walls also carry out the general idea, for they are hung with pictures, maps and cooking utensils and now and then peep from behind some fixtures. % It was in this room that a reporter found the hermit. He was lying on a bunk reading a magazine. He did not seem surprised at the interruption, or particularly pleased, for that matter. “Yes,” he said, after some hesitation, “I will show the mine.” And rising he opened a door leading to a room on the sliff side of tne house. Directly opposite was a door fastened with many locks.. Opening this with- out the aid of a key, he pointed to an aperture in the rocks. It was six feet in diameter and leads to the mine hun- dreds of feet beyond in the very heart of the cliff. After following the pas- sageway for 200 feet or more Mr. Fox held up a lantern and with evident pride indicated several bits of shining metal that ranged in size from a pin- head to a pea. ‘“That’s gold,” he said. “There is a good deal imbedded in the quartz here, but beyond”—jerking his thumb in the direction of the further end of the pas- sageway—'‘there is more of it. Now that you have seen where the metal comes from perhaps you would like to see some of the results of my single- handed mining.” Tr a room bare of every article of fur- niture with the exception of an old deal table, the hermit led the way. After locking the door and laying the key on strung with small copper wires which | the table he called the attention of his visitor to a cascade in view of the one window that broke the monotony of the walls. As he ceased speaking there was a sharp click which caused the reporter to turn. The hermit had vanished but the key still lay on the table. Suddenly there was a second click and Mr. Fox stood on the spot where he had last been seen. In his hands he held an old hat filled to the brim with nuggets and virgin gold. These he tossed out upon the table and disappeared a second time. When he again stood in the room he held in his hand a weighty object. “This,” he said, “is one of the things vou must not tell about. Come, I'll show you something else.” A quarter of a mile from the house in a part of the ravine filled with loose racks and prolific in caves he entered a well-concealed passageway, which led to a chamber of some size. Pulling to one side a rock which seemed to form a part of one side of the wall he touched a spring or button and held up his lan- tern. “Pretty good, eh?” And he smiled. “But the contents of that pocket must not be told of.” “But aren’t you afraid you will be Tobbed ?"” The hermit looked sharply at his vis- itor, pointing to a small copper wire at the entrance to the chamber, shrugged his shoulders and laughed. That laugh was one of confidence. ————— An act of Parliament was passed in the reign of Edward III prohibiting any one from being served at dinner or supper with more than two courses,-except upon some great holidays therein specified, on ;&l’ol'; ltneh r;light bfl!) served with three. ct has never been repeals tharefors, sHi} Th foree. o co- and 1, —_—— On a piece of land in old Lyme, Conn., is a rocking stone of the following di- mensions: Around the stone, north and south, 27 feet 7 inches; east and west, 24 fdeee“tcé(zei‘nche?. ‘;I'}R‘s immense stone is so ¥ poise at one*m ck it from four to six inches. Sy —_——— Electro-magnets, capable of picking u: five tons) are used by an Illinois g&eepl company to transfer steel beams or plates from one part of the shop to another.