The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 30, 1897, Page 14

14 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 30, ANTA ROSA will be the next meeting place of the California Teachers' Assoclation. That was de- | cided upon at the commencement of | the second day’s session of the organ- | ization yesterday at Metropolitan-Hall. | Superintendent of Schools Neilson of | Sonoma County extended the invita- | tion to the association on behalf of | the citizens of the county in general | and of the residents of Santa Reosa in particular, and he offered all the famed hospitality of the pretty city of roses to the assembled teachers, and his invitation was unanimously ac- cepted. After determining that point the of- ficers for the coming year were elect- ed. For president Professor C. W. Childs of San Jose and Professor Ed- pleasing selections, and then the busi- ness of the day commenced. The first address on the programme was by the University of California. theme was the “Wealth of Words,” in which he discussed the derivation of words and their sources. “Scientific terms,” he said, “‘are largely from Greek. The scientist ought to under- stand the tools he uses. The literateur needs the power of nice verbal dis- crimination. Style depends largely ‘on diction. The poet's facility in finding the choicest expression gives a charm to his writings in prose, as witness Addieon, Matthews, Arnold, Lowell and Holmes. “Of all the words in our English dic- tionaries only a few thousand are in common use. But the study of others as well as these is of surpassing inter- est. Nature study absorbs the at- PROF. C. W, CEILDS, the New'y Elected Frcsident of the ward H. Gr were nominated. On ballot Mr. Cr declared elect- ed, but by only a small majority Washington were nominated for the president. Two were to e fell to H. C. Mary Prag. - For ¢ M. ‘Fitzgerald and were nominated. The ballot proved to be a tle, and to-day when the teach- | ers again assemble another vote will be taken. F. K. Barthel of San Jose was re-elected assistant secretary and C. W. Marks was again appointed by acclamation to the office of treasurer. F. F. Bunker of Santa Rosa was elect- ed railroad secretar: The meeting was called to order early in the morning by President Chipman, a large number of delegates being present. The Knickerbocker male quartet and the Philomel quartet, as an opening number, rendered some NEW TO-DAY. | i This week you want some- N BUYING {hie weck yor want some- GROCERIES penged upon—semething 00 an somethin, AND WINES §0° iust > mmount of money. Rathjen’s is the place, Thursday, Friday and Saturday special offers are 1 0 K BOURBON - bot. 75¢ Extra fine quality, gallon, $3. “Pure, 8 years oid Regular price, $1 and $4 HANS - Finest Eastern sugar-cured, Regularly sold at 1 MUSHROOHMS - F. Le Court, Parls, Regularly, Zc. ANGELICA WINE 014 and very cholce, Regular price, Soc. SWEET CIDER - gallon 40c | Mott's New York. A fresh shipment fust arrived. . - 1b. 11c - tin 20¢ bot. 35¢ | Big reduction in German Honig and Lebkuchen. 21 STOCKTON ST., 3253 FILLMGRE ST., Near Market. | Cor. Lombard. Telophone Maln §522. | Telophons West 162. SEND FOR CATALOGUH, | equal Ca ifornia Teachers’ Association. tention of enthusiastic’ scientists, and very justly. Why should we not pay attention to the intellectual products treasured up in words, of the being who is more than plantor beast, who is the one consummate flower of creation, wreck moral the matter and the crush of E. G. Green of .Santa Cruz, President Martin Kellogg_of | His | the | 1897. HE CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS, -JON. SAMUEL T. BLACK, State l Superintendent of Publle Instruc- tion, in an address before the Califor- nia Teachers’ Assoclation yesterday, advocated many reforms in the issu- ance of certificates to the teachers of the public schools of the State. His recommendations were recelved . with enthusiasm by the assembled Instruc- tors and a committee was appointed to draft the necessary legislation to be presented to the Legislature looking for the reforms that he proposed. Sup- | erintendent Black’s address was as fol- who alone is to survive the | Mrs. president of the Home and Child Study Associatio: spoke on “The | Home and School.” “Successful Somerset, She said in part: motherhood,” says Lady “is the most wonderful phe- Somerset, *“Is the most wonderful phe- love, then through the father has come government. Through him we have seen that the race is not only cradled in love, but also founded on justice. All educational institutions exist that the animal nature in the child may be eliminated and tlLe rational, spiritual part developed. The home holds a strategic point in education. The home needs its conventions. The discussions in teachers’ associations are as valuable for the parent as for the teacher. Whichever way you turn, the child is in evidence. Many of the most remarka- ble contributions to child-study litera- ture have been made from observations in the nursery. If the world has on the conditions of its beginnings, so- clal conditions will rise to meet it. Moth- ers are daily becoming emancipated. 1f the school is the supplement of the home, the home should be the compie- ment of the school. I am not bringing to you a new | thought, but simply emphasizing one that is in the air, and is being practically worked out around you. The school might say to the home, Send us normal children, developed ac- cording to the law of their nature, then | keep up your part while we keep up ours.” , The great bugbear of home and school discipline will be deprived of half its terrors when we enter more sympatheti- cally into the Mfe of the child. The plans and purposes of the organ- come to the conscious- | ness that the future of the race depends | ization T represent may be of some In- | terest to you. At the close of the Wo- man's Congress I gave a course of ten lectures, each one being given by a spe- clalist teacher. The Round Table in San Francisco was the resuit. The same work was taken In connection with Chautau- qua. The work is growing all the time, and the greatest interest is being taken in it ‘e fully recognize how neces- sary and valuable has been the assist- ance of the schools. Without them we could have done nothing. Hon. Samuel T. Black, State Super- intendent of Public Instruction, pre- sented a valuable address on ““The Cer- tification of Teachers.” When he had concluded reading it Richard D. Faulk- ner, principal of the Franklin Grammar School, made a motion to the effect | that the address be referred to the County Superintendents of Schools, and that they be directed to formulate a bill in accordance with its recommen- dations; also that a committee com- posed of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Professor of Pedagogy of the State University and the city superintendents of San Fran- clsco, Oakland, San Jose, Stockton and i lows: In all callings of a public nature re- quiring expert knowledge, custom or 5t filll’t(;\'}' FRPECEI w Oy b r ovision :“ deman d s 1 A Centificate of Quall- 3 3™ oM ¥ fication Demanded. § fateofaual: i + the hands HHEEHEE 444 P 4+ of thone seeking public confidence. The lawyer, the doc- tor, the dentist. the pharmacist, must ex- hibit their diplomas of graduation from a reputable professional school, at- wsm\f thelir fitness to begm the prac- tice of thelr respective professions. The ship captain, the engineer, the army and naval officer must arm themseives with similar evidences of preparation. Our civil service rules, like those of Great Britain and other leading European countries, admit only the best-qualified candidates to positions of trust, as tested by competitive gxamination. The true teacher is never fully trained. Each day’s work only adds to tHe train- ing alrea- dy acquir- 4444444444444 4444 ed — it is 4 * only a 4 The True Teacher & part of an 4 appren- tice ship that never + Never Fully Trained. $ A e s e e ds — and Is is true of all professfons, But an adequate amount of preparation is neces- sary to guide and direct the novice in the solution of the ordinary prob- lems common to all school work, and the recommendations I shall make in this paper are intended to apply to those per- sons who desire to become teachers—not to those already trained, no matter whether that training has been acquired by professional preparation or by actua; contact with the problems themselves. California has reached that point in her tional historv—and I speak from onal observation in fifty out of the even counties of the State—when should demand that those who would, in the future, enter her schools as teachers, shali approach as nearly as possible the high plane now occupied by the experienced teachers of the State. I favor the preparation of teachers at pub- - expense—it should be done in the fu- ture, as far as practicable, prior to tak- bs | ing up the actual work and responsibility of the teacher, which from the nature of things call for ability, scholarship and expert knowledge. California, with her 160,000 square miles of area, has but three State Normal Scho o | s $4444444444444444 anot her + 4 will be t Should Be More 4 Opened 4 within a + Normal Schools. 4 year. We + 4+ are justly +444404 4444444444 proud of these pro- fessional schools. They have no superiors in the United States. But there are coun- ties so remote that it Is almost {mpossi- ble for young people ambitious to_teach to attend any of them. If our Normal Schools were smaller and more generally distributed throughout the State their usefulness would be more generally felt and appreciated by the patrons of our schools. Again, the usefulness of these schools might be materially enhanced if they were in continuous session or if their vacations came at a different time than the usual school vacations, thus al- lowing those teachers who, from no fault of theirs, were denfed Normal School training to attend ten to twelve weeks each year. So far as climatic conditions are concerned, this could be done at San Jose, Los Angeles and San Diego. Such teachers ought to receive credit for their attendance and study, and In due time r;‘,cel\e their regular diplomas of gradua- tion. During the early periods of the State's history the schools were divided Into first, ~ sec- ond an d 4444444444444 444 t b firad g 2% grades, 4 TooManyStandards 4 and certifi- 5¢ cates were 3 For Teachers. 4 issued to 4 3 corre - spond 4440444044040 4444 with these grades, the first valid for three vears, authorizing the holder to teach in first-grade schools, the second, valid for two years, authorizing the hoid- er toteach In second-grade schools, and the third valld for oné year and granted only to women, authorizing the holder to teach in third grade schools. These were local certificates, and were valld only in the county or city issuing the same. Besides these, cities issued high school certificates, and the State granted life diplomas, educational diplomas, and certificates of the first, second and third grade, valld throughout the State. The educational’ diploma’ was at that time granted on examination, and not on ex- perience and recommendation as now; the first grade State certificate was good for four years, and the other grades for the same length of time as county certi- ficates of correspo |n5 grades. In the course of time the third grade certificate was dropped from the list, and still later, the grammar and primary grade certificates supplanted the old first and second grade papers. For a brief period the grammar scheoll course certificate was issued to meet the requirements of the Caminetti law, establishing grammar school course schools. These certificates ware finally merged into the present high school certificates. The scholastic re- uirements for the old first grade certi- gcales, which at that time were estab- lished by law, were very similar to those of the present grammar grade, the only professional branch being the The- ory and Practice of Teaching, In which no applicant ever falled—the test studies being almost universally spelling, gram- mar and arithmetic. he law still fixes the requirements for the primary grade certificate, but it leaves the requirements for the grammar rl‘flde and high school certificate to the discretion of the several County Boards of Education throughout the State, so_that it is possible to have fifty-seven different standards of re- quirements for those two very important E’enlflcnlfi, when granted on examina- on. Whatever may be sald, efther for or against the means of ascertaining the e et b e ebpss U alifoa teachers, at + New Laws Needed to the present Govern Certificates. + tha® pore '7 think it is H444 4444444444444 £ © nerally ¢ o n ceded by the Intelligent teachers of the State that these means have outlived their use- fulness, and that the time has arrived in the educational history of the State of Califo: when the pressing necessities of the hools demand a modification of the present law relating to the issuance of teacher certificates. I would suggest for your consideration that the law be so amended as to pro- vide three certificates instead of three grades of certificates as at present, and that each one of these be first class in itself—nothing {8 too good for the chil- dren of California. First, we need the kindergarten certificate. . At present there is no law for the i{ssuance of such certificates, and Los Angeles, San Jose and other places that have established kindergartans have had to resort to various devices to obtain legal certifi- cates for kindergarten teachers. Sec- ond, there should be but one certificate for the elementary schools. The distinc- tion between the primary and grammar schools is an arbitrary one—ranging all the way from the first four years of school work, in some counties, to as high as elght years in others. Beésides, why should not the primary grades have just as good teachers as the grammar grades? If any distinction should be made the primary grades should be given the preference. Third, the high school certificates; the examination for this certificate should permit a certain amount of election by the examinee, The various subjects should be arranged into groups of equivalent value, allow- ing the candidate to make his selec- or the election might be even oader than this by permitting the ap- t lect such branches as he ding his selection were the 3 groups. in The certificate, should be a full high school certificate. value to an one of the when granted, High school teachers being to a large extent specialists, it is patent to all why the elective feature should be adopted in the examination. Each of these three certificates being of the first grade should be issued for the fuil period of six years, and renewable from time to time, for a like period, without the payment of 0 any fee whatsoever holder should teach the necessary suc been acquired tk long” as the ssfully or until nd experience has shall entitle him or ue t s her to a_State life diploma. Regarding ficates, it is arrange for on creden- tials. real the requirements for certi- not so difficult a matter to the granting of certificates D R A + + $ The Reauirements $ . for Certificates. : e e e e e e e e o The Aaiffi- lies in to makethe result of an examina- tion as sat- {sfactory as official knowledge of thor- ough_academic and professional train- ing. In the very nature of things, tais can never be (and this is true of all pro- fessions), but California is not vet in a position to abolish examinations as a test of a person's qualification to teach. Certificates based on credentials ap- proach nearer to uniformity than those based on examination. In order to se- cure the free exchange of county certi- ficates. we ought to come as near uni- formity es the present method of cer- tificgtion will permit. The examination requirements for all certificates should be stated in the law, as is now done in the matter of primary grade certificates, and boards of education should agree upon the standards in examination, and having so agreed, the certificates granted by one board ought to be recognized by every other board in the State. Per- baps the present system of county exam- inations is not the best, but it has been established by a constitutional provision, and we must do the best we can with ex- isting conditions. Section 1775, which proyides for the granting of certificates on credentials, ough o 444444444444 e amend- 4+ ed some- z Amendments to the what. Boards of Laws Suggested. Education * ought to 4444444444444 4444+ bo empow- ered to grant certificates on California educa- tional and life diplomas. Of course these diplomas are certificates, and valid throughout the State, but there are Boards of Education that conscientiously question this position. Therefore, to re- move all doubt in the matter, these di- plomas ought to be restored to their former place among credentials, whence they were taken by the Legislature in 1891 I question the wisdom of granting certificates on_the educational and life diplomas or life certificates of other States, as there are so many different standards upon which such diplomas are granted, varyving all the way from no ex- perience whatsoever to ten vears. If this provision is retained it ought to be modified so as to require satisfactory evidence that the diplomas or certifi- cates presented here are the equivalent in scholarship and experience required in our own State for such diplomas. Nor should certificates be granted on the di- plomas of graduation from Normal Schools of other States unless such schools are recommended by the State Board of Education as be- rank with our Cali- rmal Some grant what is called an ‘‘elementary diploma’ to persons who have finished a partial course—some of them, too, have courses of study and standards of admission that are inferfor to those of our own schools. Section 1521, which provides for the is- suance of life and educational diplomas ¥ t e Bosrs ot ¥ oard o : E duca-¥ Justiceto Al N t Hien, "“;,‘",f Successful Teachers. a m ended manner as . to do equal justice to all classes of suc- cessful teachers. At present it provides for the granting of such diplomas only to High School and grammar grade teachers, denying similar privileges to successful teachers of the Eflmlry grade. Now, so long as the law has recognized the primary grade certificate it ought to recognize success in primary grade work and reward the worthy holder of such certificate by issuing a State primary di- ploma on the same terms that it does ‘the grammar and High School diplomas. There are in the State to-day scores of worthy primary grade teachers who are compelled to pay a fee of $2 every two years to n them renewed, when such renewal s been full{ ful and Intelligent work. If by any chance—llness or o!herw(sh(her make application for a renewal ?raner me thelr occupation is gone un- il they submit themselves to another of- ficlal test of their ability to do the work they have 8o successfully done for vears. Is it not absurd? If the suggestion here- in made relative to the issuance of kin- dergarten certificates be carried out by the Legislature, then section 1521 ought to provide for a’ State kindergarten diplo- ma on the same terms as other diplomas are granted. Again, the present High School, life and educational diplomas are only limited certificates, of little more value in law than special certificates. These diplomas should be granted, too, on showing successful teaching experi- ence for STEh ty 4+t biittiitiss months for 4 life dipio: + Should Show Suc- 3 ma, and 4+ . > tio 2 t'y z cessful Experience. 4 months in + case of the +4++++btb bbbt the educas tional diploma, instead of ten and five years, 'the present require- ments. Agaln, a new section ought to be added, relleving all the high-school educational and life diplomas now held by teachers, of the effect of the limita- tion clause, so that they may become, in both law and fact, full high-school certi- cates. I have discussed this question only from the standpoint of the pressing necessity to the schools themselves for the reforms indicated. phases of this question—one of which I shall simply touch upon in closing. It has been estimated that there are be- tween 800 and 1000 teachers in this State who cannot get positions. Everyone of us is aware of the keen competition re- sulting from this surplus of teachers. It the result of this severe competition were to secure the best teachers for our schools, 1t would not be so disastrous. It is, however, otherwise, and the tend- v is to give the positions to cachers who will accept them for the least salary. The first schools to suffer Tom cheap teachers are those In the ru- ral districts, which need added strength —not weakness. In altering the law for the certification of teachers the utmost care must be ex- ercised to *‘M‘W*Np res erve 4 - 4all the 4 Certificates in Force +rights and T ivileges $ aSolemn Contract. $how emines pe ed by the +44444444 4444 4444D T e s ent holders of certificates—no matter of what grade. The certificates now in force are a sol- emn contract, and no legislation should be permitted that might impalr in any way the rights conferred. As to legislation on this, or any other school guestion, I am of the opinfon that the teachers of this State can obtain whatever legislation they may agree upon. If we can _agree on the general features of a certification bill—leaving all details to be worked out by a commit- tee—and then stand by that bill, even if we do not concur in every detall, and in- terest our representatives in the Senate and Assembly, we can secure this much- needed reform at the hands of the next Legislature. he importance of this question was recognized at the last biennial conven- tion of superintendents by the appoint- ment of a committee of Seven to report a plan of certification. The committee was composed of thoughtful and experi- enced superintendents; yet the time for consideration was so ‘short, and the minds of the committeemen %o occupled | with other important matters before the convention, that the results arrived at though valuable and suggestive, were u; satisfactory even to the members of the committee. the convention, but without much di: cussion, as the time for final adjour ment was at hand when the report was submitted. A subsequent attempt to fo: mulate a bill based on the report dem- onstrated the impracticability of some of its features, due entirely to the lack of time for consideration by both the com- mittee and the convention. To sum up, I recommend the issuance of certificates as follows: 1. Kindergarten primary school certi- ficates, valid for six years, authorizing the holders the county. 2. Elementary school certificates, valld for six years, authorizing the holders thereof to teach in any grammar school | or primary school in the county, except the kindergarten depariment of primary | schools. 3. High-school certificates, valld for six years, authorizing the holders thereof to teach in any high school, grammar school or primary school in the county, except the kindergarten department of primary schools. I make no recommendation regarding special certificates—leaving this question for future consideration. Requirements—(a) That the minimum scholastic qualifications for the kinder- g:nen and elementary school certificates the equivalent of the high-school course, and for the high-school certifi- cate the full equivalent of a good college or university course. (b) That to these scholastic requirements, there must in each instance, be added sultable profes- stonal preparation or study. Credentials—Section 776 should be so amended that: (a) Certificates may be granted on California educational and life diplomas. (b) The State Board shall in- quire into the value of murmal-school di- plomas of other States, and ‘“accredit” such schools as are the equal in rank of our own State normal schools. (c) I ques- tion the wisdom of granting certificates on the educatioral and life diplomas, or life certificates of other States for rea- sons hereinbefore mentjoned. Life and educationai diplomas—Section 1521 should be so amended as to authorize the issuanee by the State Board of Edu- cation of four kinds of life and educ tional diplomas: (a) High-school life and educational diplomas. (b) Grammar- school life and educational diplomas. (c) Primary-school life and educational af- plomas. (d) Kindergarten life and edu- cational diplomas. (e) Eath of the fore- going diplomas to be a full certificate to -teach. and valid throughout the State. (f) The life diploma to be granted on eighty months’ successtul experience, and the educatioral diploma on forty months’ successful experience. (g) The present high-school diplomas should be made full high-school certificates, Instead of being limited as they now are. proper granting of special centificates. Madison Babcock gave notice that he would make a motion to amend the constitution of the association so that vacancies to the Council of Bducation could be fi'led from the body of the Teachers’ Association and not by the executive committee. The chair announced that he would appeoint as an auditing committee Charles T. Allen of Ban Jose, Madiso: n Babcock of San Francisco and 8. C. AT THE ROUND TABLE. Discussions on Music, Nature Study, German, History and Business. After a recess for luncheon the teach- ers assembled at Native Sons’ Hall, and during the afternoon the meet- ings were Jivided into departments. Mmusic. The w'ac_m‘m in main hall. It was presided over by Mrs. Juliet Powell Rice, teacher of music at the State Normal School at Los Angeles. Mrs. Rice is a sister of Mayor Pow- ell of Washington, D. C., and an aunt of the well-known violinist Maud Powell. In opening the meeting she sald that for over fifty years the Tonlc-sol-fa system has been used in the public schools of England. John Curwen, the father of the system have the certificate the law has The report was adopted by | earned by earnest, faith- | lfrnm John C. Fillmore. that country, has some very strong followers in America, who have tried to introduce the Tonic-sol-fa system into our public schools. Through the controversy that has arisen between Tonic-sol-faists and the Staff nota- tionists, the actual good of the child has been lost sight of. Mr. Lawrence then fifty children singing several of led a class of the fail to | 80Ngs by Mr. Tomiins, the educator of at the | the Tonic-sol-fa system. This was followed by an address His addres presented some phonographic records of Indian songs, which were obviou: ly as primitive and savage as are now | to be obtained, and showed that, not- | | | thereof to +4444444444444444 teach inthe 4 % klndsrg ar- Recommendations of ten depart- 3 ment ofany 4 the Superintendent. primary 4 chool In 4444444444444 44 | the ascending series of racial and ani- | velopment. | a bill passed by the Legislature com- | terey. withstanding the unmusical quality of tone, this music has in common with our own two fundamental elements— rhythm and chord intervals. Numer ous other illustrations of folk music | were played upon the piano, and at- | ’f&lrs of the department for the com- ing year was appointed. Those named | to the office were: Professor Moses of | Berkeley, president; Professor Show of Stanford, vice-president; Miss Win- | terburn of Stockton, secretary; Pro- ‘rpss')r Cox of Santa Rosa and Miss Genevra Sisson of Stanford. Nature Study, Professor O. P. Jenkins, the founder of Nature Study” in the publie schools, presided at the round table talk of that department. One of the features of the meeting was an exhibi- tion of the apparatus used in the branch of study at the Oakland schools, where Professor Jenkins' ideas are car with the most gratifying results. subject was introduced by a report o, a sub-committee, after which repor on the condition of the study in & HON. SAMUEL T. BLACK, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. tention was called to the development | from the use of the tones of the major or minor chord to the five-toned scale, the result of adding the two intervals re and la to the do-mi-sol. The final conclusions which the lec- | turer has reached after several years of investigation are as follows: 1. That the line of least resistance for the hu- man volce making music spontaneous- 1y is a chord line. 2. That a latent per- ception of the natural harmonic rela- tions of tones determines also the fur- ther development of melody by the ad- | dition of tones belonging to the near- est related chord. Miss Carpenter of the San Francisco Normal gave a music lesson to fifty children which was quite pleasing. Dr. C. C. Van Lieu of the State Nor- i mal School of Los Angeles then dis- cussed the question as to how far we should be influenced in teaching sing- ledge of racial devel- opment. “This question bears on the evolu- tionary doctrine of recapitulation of | mal traits by the individual. Our | studies of the child have shown that | in certain psychical and social asperts he reproduces the essence of racial de- This parallelism of phylo- | getic development is shown especially | in rhythm, monotone, assoclation of | song with physical activity and emo- tional conditions, imitation, develop- ment of melody along the lines of the harmonies. GERMAN. Professor Julius Gobel of Stanford University presided at the meeting of the German branch of the round table | talks. He presented a paper on the | “Study of Literature in the Secondary Schools.” He spoke of the distinction between dry reasoning and imagination and said the average student lacks the power of following through a poem of BEnglish literature figure by figure, which he said was chiefly owing to the teacher’s habit of demanding that the real logical meaning should be squeezed out of the poetical text. South Cosmopolitan School, read a pa- per on the “History of the Cosmopoli- tan Schools.” In his remarks he sald that as a concession to the foreign element foreign languages have been taught in the schools of San Francisco since 1867, except in 1874, when it was abandoned for a time. It was re- sumed soon after by the provisions of pelling the city to keep up the teach- ing of foreign languages in at least four of the public schools, and these classes still exist. . HISTORY. The department of history held a very interesting session. “The Ad- vantages of a State Organization of Teachers of History” was discussed by Elmer E. Brown of Berkeley and Pro- fessor A. B. Shaw of Stanford Uni- versity. “The Proper Use of Sources” | was the subject of a paper read and discussed by Dr. C. A. Duniway of | Stanford and Professor Willlam Carey Jones of Berkeley. A paper on “The Value of Local History Based on Per- sonal Experiences” was introduced and discussed by Anabel McDonnell, San Rafael; Maud A. Southworth, Stockton, and Frances B. Orton, Mon- Following the papers were dis- cussions on the subjects “Sources in the Elementary Schools” and “Shall We Have a State Organization?” An adwisory board to eopduct sha se- | State schools were given by advocates of the department. R. S. Haloway of the San Jose Normal School, G. ‘W. Beattie of Berkeley and Frank Dunn of rkeley told of the progress of the study in the northern part of the State, and B. W. Griffith of Los Angeles re- ported on the state of the study In Southern California. Professor O. P. Jenkins outlined a course of nature study, and suggestions drawn from ex- perience in the study in the different grades were given by Miss A. L. Pol- lock of Stockton, 7dward Hughes of Stockton, Miss I. Vandergaw of Osak- land, Mrs. lda Coady of Oakland and M . B. McFadden of Oakland. ———— Ten cents for a bottle of Low’'s Hore- hound Cough Syrup. 417 Sansome st. * NEW TO-DAY. Have you all the confidence you ought to have 1n the store where you buy your clothes? Appearances deceive Irresponsible dealers and “cheap” tailors are very unsatisfactory in the long run We have an excel- lent line of men’s suits and over-coa from g14 to $25 We have others at $7.50 $10 P12 Each worth its price ROOS BROS 27-37 Kearny corner Post 7