The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, September 5, 1897, Page 22

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1S97. e ——————————————————————— SUNDAY... .SEPTEMBER s, 1807 JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Address All Communications to W. S. LEAKE, Ma PUBLICATION OFFICE Propriztor. nager. 710 Market street, San Francisco Telephone Main 1863. EDITORIAL ROOMS..........cccocuzoivmnnocenssnncnsess 517 Clay street THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL (DAILY AND SUNDAY) is served by carriers in this city and surrounding towns for 15 cents a week. By malil §6 per year; per month 65 cents. THE WEEKLY CALL. ..One year, by mail, $1.50 OAKLAND OFFICE... .908 Broadway NEW YORK OFFICE. BRANCH OFFICES Roowms 31 and 32, 3¢ Park Row. Montgomery streat, corner Clay; open until 0 o’clock. Hayes street; open until 9:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin street; open until 9:30 o’clock. SW. corner Sixteeath and Mission streets; open until 9 o’clock. 2518 Mission street; open until 9 o’clock. 1243 Misslon street; open until'9 o’cleck. 1505 Polk street; op oc! W. corner Twenty-second and Kentucky sireets; open il 9 o'clock. 3 WELCOME THE LETTER-CARRIERS. NE of the most popular of public servants in all the cities O of the land is the letter-carrier. Lvery household has an eager ear for the postman’s morning bell, and oft the anxijous eye scans the distance nervously, awaiting the coming of the man in gray with his pocket full of secrets which hasten to be told. The letter-carrier is everybod friend. He smiles as he flings the perfumed reissive of familiar style to the radiant maid in love, and his face is a picture of sympathy as he puts into trembling hands the letter so light. and yet so heavy, that half teils its meiancholy story by its solemn black border. He may be the messenger of beaming fortune or of lowering fate; of joy or sorrow, hope or despair. His footsteps lessen the distance between us and the world-distant hearts that we cherish, and he cannot come 100 often to wear his welcome out. Letter-carriers from every part of the Republic will be with us to-morrow. We shall be happy to have them here, and we want them to feel that they are never among strangers while they are guests of the City of the Golden Gate. We want tliem to come in and make themselves at home and stay in this heaven-blest clime as long as their leave of absence will permit. California hospitality is proverbial, and we bespeak for them a period of unqualified pleasure. Thrice welcome, then, to the letter-carriers of the Nation. We have a warm place in our bearts for them, and they will find San Francisco to be in hospitality as well as in climate the best convention city in America. One out of nine miners who went from Danver to Peru for gold is at home again, having assisted at the burial of (his eight comrades in South American fever districts. People who are acquainted with that region are not surprised at the death of the eight, but the survival of the one is regarded by them as extraordinary. So the colored candidate for the Naval Academy proved defective in spellinz and won’t be aimitted? Thisis the pre- cise result anticipated, although the public could not know in advance just what branch of study it had been determined to find the cadet defective iu. Naturally President McKinley was somewhat disturbe 1 by the expressed resolution of a crank to kill himn. the crank who does any killing may be noticel to avi the habit of publishing his plans and specifications in advance. Turkish authoriiies have sentenced eight Armenians to death. As to the guilt of the prisoners there seems to be some doubt, but the fact that they are Armenians is clear enough. Amongz reliable aavices from Dawson City will doubtless be some to the effect that that 1s an excellent place to stay away from. England’s claim to Palmyra seemsto rest firmly on the ground that the island would be useful to her. SAFFECTION among the Brahmins of the cities of D Southern India and rebellion ameng the quasi-Moham- medan tribes of the Indian frontier makes trcublous times for the British in Asia. The famine, the plague and fauits of government have led the Brahmins into seditious schemes; but the warfare on the border 1s dueto altogether different causes. While the hostile O akzais are menacing Shabkadar and Hangu tueir tribal allies are spilling loyal native blood at Gazarbund and enlisting fresh thousands of Beloochees in strife against the Briton’s power. Gory war has flung his red banner to the breezs in the Chitral-Swat district; loosea his dogs in the Tochi Valley; and along the Khyber-Peshawur border he is painting the earth with his favorite hue. These wild campaigns are being waged for whatcause? The conundrnm is rather difficult of solution. Is the Sultan at the bottom of it 2ll, or is the Amesr plotting on his own hook, or can Russian diplomatic schemers be blamed for the uprising? It appeared plausible that, as Mobhammedan priests have great influence over the tribesmen, religious fanaticism might have been spurred to the use of torch and brand and firearm in order to bring Islamic vengeance down on the British for stay- ing the hand of the Turk in Europe and forcing the Moslem out of Thessaly. But England affects to think that her “‘unspeak- able” enemy has no more connection with the tribal rebetlion than he has with Transvaal polities. The Ameer has declared his innocence in the matter, and Lord Salisbury has expressed his confidence in the sincerity of the Afghan ruler's protestation. As to the Czar having a hand in the business and holding himself in the background until the Afghan rebels get a foothold, that he may then be pre- sented with “the key of India” in consideration of pouring a bushel or so of gems and gold into the Ameer’s treasure- chest—English statesmen ridicule the idea. If the cause lies not with Czar, Sultan or Ameer,where shall we look for i1? Perhaps these Afghans have a nature similar to that of our American Indians before civiiization has properly tamed them. The wild aboriginals have an unquenchable thirst for war, and when the spirit moves in ‘their midst they proceed to daub, their faces with war paint, join in the toma- hawk dance and work up the requisite frenzy for furious deeds. Their prophets urge them on, and they “swim in a sea of slaughter’ till they ‘‘sink beneath its wave’’ unless a timely movement of Government troops stamps out ‘‘the war’’ in its incipiency. Perhiaps those barbarous Afghans have been simply war- hungry, and religion has been used to fan their spirits into flime. When the British troops have driven them back into their reservations and relieved them of the bulk of their arms and ammunition, there will be peace again on the frontier until British traders can ship more r.fles and cartridges to them in exchange for native products, and then we may expect to hear of the tribes of the Afghan hills onca more sweeping down on the Punjab for another awful doss of the inevitable medicine of lead and steel. Managers of a circus are about to take their show to England for five years, and announce that during that time they do not think prosperity in the United States will be sufficiently vigor- ous to support their three-ringed “only greatest on earth” per- formance. If the rest of their announcements are so purely of a fake character that snow will fall shorter of living up to its boardbills than any other known. Perhaps even the most abandoned scorcher would feel a pang of conscience if he were to happen to number among his victims the Alameda Judge who has decided the bicycie to be personal property not subject to attachment. Why anybody should wantto go to the Klondike now when hop-pickers aze in demand and paid 90 cents a hundred pounds s a circumstance not to be easily understood. | and orderly civil government. Nevertheless | | write are foreigners. MCRGAN AND HAWAIL ENATOR MORGAN is reported as saying: “Ido not S think the United States Government should seek to ascer- tain the sentiment of the native population (of Hawaif) on the question of annexation. We did not consult the natives of Alaska when we acquired that country and annexed it to the United States. It has never been our policy to consult the wishes of the natives when we found it desirable to annex terntory.” These are authoritative expressions, entitled to respectful consideration as coming from the recent chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs. The Senator adds that “we can give the Hawaiians good government,” which stands for the declaration of a national policy of the right of annexation of any other country to ours, based solely on our assumption that we can give the annexed people **good government,” re- gardless of their opinion of it. The Senator decides that we are to govern the natives of Hawaii without consulting them. Yet we began our experi- ment of a republic with the declaration that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights governments | are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. But Senator Morgan says it is not our policy to consult the governed, hor secure their consent when we think it desirable to annex territory. A distinction may be drawn between the “natives’’ of countries, but the Senator does not draw it. The native of Alaska, sitting under his family totem and alternately crouching in fear before the gods of the tempest and cringing in gratitude to the dieties who make his hunt successful and his blubber plenty, was not consulted ; therefore, why should any natives anywhere be under the shelter of our own declara- tion that governments derive their just powers from the con- sent of the governed ? It is true that our dealing with our own native Indians is not a worthy chapter in the history of National morality, but it is also true that our volume of treaties entered into is full of solemn conventions made with the Indian tribes for the pur- chase of their country before our Government extended over it the right of eminent domain, which is the final ev"dcnce of National sovereignty. It is peculiarly the case that in our dealings with Hawaii we have recognized the natives. Kamehameha by conquest abolished the individual tribes of the islands of the group and established one nation. He entered into treaties with foreign Governments, as did Liholiho and his successors. In all these treaties the natives were consulted through a govern- ment which derived its just powers from the consent of the governed. That government by the natives founded schools, established institutions, adopted a system of jurisprudence established by law and by judicial process, and protected the rights of person and property. With that government by the natives we negotiated the annexation treaty of 1854, which was sought in that filibustero convulsion that was upon the rest- less spirits among us in the period from the close of the Mexi- can War to the outbreak of our own Civil War. In 1842 President Tyler’s message to Congress said: ““ The condition of those islands (Hawaii) has excited a good deal of interest, which is increasing by every successive proof that their inhabitants are making progress in civilization and becoming more and more competent to maintain regular barbarism, the government is as yet feeble; but its disposi- tions appear to be just and pacific, and it seems anxious to im- prove the condition of its people by the introduction of knowl- edge, of religious and moral institutions, means of education and the arts of civilized life.” The process of civilization had begun only twenty-three years before. Yet in 1842 illiteracy among the natives was less than in the State of Alabama to-day, for in the correspond- ence with Mr. Wetster it is admitted that hardly a native could be found who was unable to read and write. The latest report is that no district, however remote, is without a school, and the only peoplle who cannot read and tirely ministered to by native Hawaiian pastors, and all these institutions, civil, religious, educational, were founded and fos- tered by the natives under the form of government which had their consent prior to its overthrow by the warlike presence of the United States, at the hands of a few hundred Americans who now occupy technically :he position of agents of the United States in the conquest of a government qgainst which we had not declared war and with which we were at peace. It must be seen then that historically and morally there is a judicable difference between the natives of Hawaii, meaning thereby the native race, and the barbarous tribes of Alaska. The Hawaiians are the only primitive people in this age who have emerged by their own will from barbarism, have taken on Christian civilization and established and abide in the institutions which are its fruit. Of these natives and their congeners there are in the islands 39,504 souls; of Americans there are 3086. The natives are 36 per cent of the population, the Americans are 2 per cent. The natives are the largest element in a population composed of themselves and American, British, German, French, Nor- wegian, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese and South Sea Island immigrants. It was thsir country in barbarism, and its redemp- tion was by their will and not by that of others. Under the institutions and government which they voluntarily founded Americans found the rights of person and proper.y so well pro- tected as to make life in the islands pleasant and profitable, and now for the first time in the world’s history it is proposed to annex such a country without consulting its natives. Conguss , right of discovery, dynastic ambitions, balance of power have all been pleaded by the nations, from Babylon to Britain, as an excuse for extension of territory, and each has its apology embiimad in history. But up to date we are the first nation which began by justifying its own existence in the declaration that governm:nts derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, and ends by ext:nding govern- ment to a people whose consent we refuse to ask and whose wishes we decline to consult. Ths historical apologist for this policy will excite the envy of the casuists who have found reasons for government in disregard of the consent of the gov- erned by resorting to the divine right of kings. — The woman burglar just convicted in the courts of Alameda County asked one favor of the yeliow journalistess who was writing about her. An artist was making a sketch to illustrate a story of the incident. *“Don’t,” begged the woman, *‘don’t put my children in,” Reelly, the littie ones kad not committea burglary. They could not reasonably be held responsible for the acts of their mother. But, of course, they went in. Such are the ways of yellow journalism. Permit those girls to escape any measure of the stigma attaching to the crime? Not if yellow journalism knows it, and can hire a lady to carry out its plans. It is impossible to work up a great amount of sympathy for the late young man at Merced who in a spirit of bravado pointed a revolver at his own head and pulled the trigger. However his plan was much more considerate than the one he might have followed of pointing the ravolver some head not his own. S A e T Prince Luigi is welcome to write a book, as he intends to treat not vt people and customs, of which he knows nothing, but of moun tain-climbing, conc rning which he is an authority, The man who scales Mount St. Elias may easily rise above such a disadvantage as being a Prince. Rumors that Paderewski has cut his hair more than likely spring from the fact that he has cut his eye teeih and under- stands the value of adverti ing. Just emerging from a state of | The country churches are almost en- | How ltaly Became a Great Power. Since the downfall of the Roman cmpire the | Willism I tosend an embassador to the Quir- peniusula of Italy has seen more vicissitudes than any other European country. Invaded successively by tne Huns under Attila and Alaric, by the Goths under Theodoric and his successors, by the Byzantines under Belisarius and Narses, and eficrward by the Lombards, boot-shaped Italy was in a continuous turmoil | from the third to the eignth century. Then Charlemagne accepted tne crown of the holy Roman empire, and under his powerful sway Italy enjoyed a few years of comparative tran- quility. After the death of the great emperor his successors of the Carolingan aud later of the Frank dynasty had too much trouble in France, Lorraine and Germany to look aiter thelr Itahian intercsts, and now the different Italian provinces and cities commenced to war With each pther. This kind of warfare was | not interrupted for any length of time till the close of the eighteentn century; and the inju- ries the Italiaus inflicted on themselves have Pprobably been more bloody and destructive than any inflicted by foreign foes, Their own internal quarrels, however, did not prevent the neighboring countries from using Italy as their common battlefield, and the German emperors, particularly the Saxons, Hohen- staufens and, later on, the Hap:burgers, had an almost uninterrupted foothold in Italy. The French also invaaed the unfortuuate country time and again, and even the German Landsknechte (irecbooters) held the northern PATts of ltaiy in terror for many years. That under these circumstances Italy could Play but & very inferior part in Europe is seli- evident, though many of the Popes, particu- larly Gregory VII (Hildebrand), wielded an all-controlling influence in European affairs, and the cities of Venice ana Genoa acquir. d fame and riches tbrough their commercial and naval enterprises. During the last two centuries and during the firstsix y years of the present century the Austrians occupied not only Lombardy and Venice, the two richest provinces of Iialy, but also controlled many of the other principsli- ties; a state of affairs which was interrupted for u few years by the conquests of Napoleon I. In 1804 Napoleorf placed the Lombard crown on his own head and made hi.agelf master of Iraly, and in 1806 he made his brother Joseph, and in 1808 hisgeneral, Murat, King of Naples. After Napoleon's defeat the Vienna Cougress notonly restored to Austria all the territories she had lost by the battie of Marengo, butalso suffered the Austrian Arcudukes to b2 put on the thrones of Tuscany, Parma and Modena, and Ferdinand (Bomba) to be created King of both the Sicilies, while the two remaining provinces, the papal cominion and Piedmont,, were ruled respectively by the Pope and by the King ot Sardinia. Italy, therefore, then formed a conglomeration of small independent states which had no interests in common though all spoke the same language. The first French revolution had not failed to stimulate republican sentiment in Italy, which sentiment was continually nourished by the mismanagement snd misconduct of the Princes. Since 1828 Giuseppe Mazzini had been the principal leader in all attempts to establish a republic, bui all these attempts were checked ut the very start by Austria, and all Mazzini's energy would have been of no avail to Italy if Cavour, the Prime Minister of Sardinia and the chief promoter of Italian unity, hed not made common cause with him in order to drive ail foreign potentates out of the country. To all other purposes these two great Italians pursued a different object, for Mazzini intended to estabiish a republic and Cavour a constiwutional monarchy. The only Italian Princes who were well liked by their own subjects and by the other Italiars were the Princes of the house of Piedmont, the Kings of Sardinia. These Princes had tried repeatediy, though unsuccessiully, to drive the Austrians out of Italy. till, at last, in 1858, King Victore Emanuele, or rather his Premier, Cavour, succ:eded in forming an alliance with Napoleon IfI for the purpose of expelling the Austrians from Lombardy and Venice. In 18 Napoleon led a large French army, under MacMahon and Canrobert, into Italy, where he was joined by the Sardinian forces, and, after some very hard fighting at Mageuta and Solferino, the Austrians were compelied to cede Lombardy, but retained Venice. Two years later Garlbaldl, secretly encouraged by Victore Emanucle and Cavour, started a revolution iu the island of Sicily, crossed over to the continent and, amid the acclamation of the waole civilizea world, drove King Francis II from Naples. He would undoubtediy have taken Rome also 1f that had not been agaiust tha intention of Napoleon, who hurrizdly landed a French army at Civita Veechia—the port of Rome— thereby forcing Viciore Emanuele to stop Garibaldi in his victorious march. Tne Grand Dukes of Tuscany, Parma and Modens, how- ever, were expelled, and Victore Emanuele was proclaimed King of Italy, which now com- prised all the original states except the pon- tificnl dominion, Venice and Savoy, which lat- ter vrovince Sardinia had ceded to France asa compensation for he r services in 1859. A few years later, in 1866, when the Ger- man Diet had declared war against Prussia, Cavour entered into negctiations with Bis- marck, which resulted in the attack of Prus- sia and ltaly on the German states and Aus. tria. In this war the Italians were badly beaten by inferior Austrian land aud sea forces at Custozza and Lissa, but the overs whelming defeat of the Austrians at Konig- gratz and the consequent advance of the Prussian army on Vienna made it impossible for Austria (o continue the war, and she had to sue for peace. Italy received Venice ssa reward for alliance with Prussia, and was now free from all foreign occupution. Four years lnter, when France lay prostrate at the feet of Germany, and when Napoleon 111, the self-instituted protector of Rome, was a powerless prisouer at the castle of Wilhelms- hohe, Victore Emanuele marched a small army into defenseless Rome and annexed the entire papal dominion, thereby completing the union of all Italy. This gratifying result was accomplished by no great valor or exertion on the part of the Italians themselves, and the unity of Italy 18 mestly due to a fortunate combination of cir- cumsiances. But the highest credit must nev ertheless be given to Cavour, for it was his- masterly diplomacy which brought about the alliances with France and Prussia. The two great Italian patriots, Mezzini and Garibaldl, are, next to Cavour, the principal factors in the establiShment of the union. The populution of Italy after the annexation of Rome was less than 28,000,000, ber army was badly organized and equipped, her navy Lad shorily before been defeated and four of her best men-of-war destroved by a veryin- ferlor naval force, and her finances were in & worse condition than those of any other Eu- TOopean country, not cven, excepting Turker. Still tne unity of Italy is hardly completed, and we sce her firmly installed as a great power. It is usually supposed in Enrope that a country becomes & great POWEr as soon as she is powerful enouzh to hold her own against any of the neighboring countries, and as s00n as she is considered 5o by the other powers the fact Is signaled by the other pow- ers elevating their envoy to the newly ad- mitted great power to the rank of embassador and minister plenipotentiary. Only once before in the historvof Europe has & comparatively smal State (Prussia) been admitted by the other powers as their equal. But that event took place after Frederick tne Grenat had sufficiently established his claim to this distincijon by defeating France, the Ger- man States, Austria, Russin and Sweden. Italyin 1870 could not boast ot any heroic exploits, and her army could not be consid- ered a particulariy valuaole help to any ally at that time, and some o:her reasons must, therefore, nave induced the otber countries to acknowledge her as their equal. France had just been signally defeated, ana the loss of her beloved Alsace and Lorraine was likely o lead her to a war of revenge es soon as rhe saw the slightest chance of suc- cess. Austria had not yet got over the defeat of 1866, and her Premier, M. Beust, was con- stantly intriguing against Germany, while Alexander II,by the : dvice ot Prince Gortscha- koff, would not commit biraself to an alliance Wwith Germany. In fact, this new-created em- | pire, though possesscd of the finest army in the world, was at that period of Ler existence completely isolated. 1t was, theretore, policy in Bismarck to win the good will of Italy, for this country could, in case of a war between Germany on the one side and France or Aus- tria on the other, ke of incalculable value to Germany by preventing a large force of the enemy leaving the neighborhood of the Ital- ian fronsier, Bismarck consequently induced inal, and Great Britain, which at that ume came near getting iuto a conflict with Func.e on account of the Egyptian question, o/ lowed suit, as the good will of Italy would | be of much vaiue to her in a Mediterrancan war. A little later Bismarck, Gor!sch_nknfl and Andrassy agreed on general principles, the famous Three Fmperors’ Alliance was cre= ated, and Russia and Austria also sent embas- sadors to Rome, as France had already donea few months previcusly. After the :ssnsshmuon of Alexander IT, his son and successor, who had all along been Op- posed to the German policy, could no longer be depended on as an aly, and Bismarck was obliged to enter into negotiations with Signor Crispi, the Italian Premfer, wh ci led iothe establishment of the stil-existing trippie al- linnce. Unfortunately for lLualy, the provis- fons of this treaty made it incumbent on her to keep a much larger army and navy than she could sfford to support, and the conse- quence is that her financial condition is now avsolutely desperate, and in fact hes teen so for many years. Germany and Engiand have exerted their influence with the leading financiers to hold Italy above water, but it is very doubtful if that can be done much longer. That Italy, within the ast twenty-five years, has really estabiished a claim to pe reckoned among the great powers is indisputable, for her army is ncw fully as large and well equipped, and her navy five times as large as the army and navy of Austria, a country which has 12,000,000 ichabitaats more than Italy. Whether such a state of affairs can be preserved is a question which only time or the next Coutinental war can WILLIAM LODTMANN. FOR SOUNDING OCEAN’S DEPTHS An ingenious ivvention designed to lessen the perils of ocean travel has just been patented by an experiencea skipper, Captain Ferdinand Foster, of the steamer Al Foster. It seems likely, says the New Y Herald, to make & back number of one of the oldest of the sailor's implements—the cord and weight used from time immemorial to test the depth of water in which a ship is seiling by meansof the process known as “heaying the lead.” The uselessness of this process in an emer- gency was shown by the fate that beiell the ocean greyhound St. Paul. It will be remem- tered that on a fogzy day the big steamer found herseli off her course, steering through the darkness no one knew exzctly where. In accordance with cusiom & man wassen. 1o the chuins with the lead for the purpose of keep- ing the pilot posted regarding the depth of the water. The lead was heaved once and showed a sat- isfactory depih of water. The usual interval elapsea before the lead was heaved again. When the cry of the man in the chains was | Southern tnan in the Northern arn; her naval forces;in American waters? Every shipon the North American and West Indian stitions whose term of service expires is re- placed by amore formidable gue, and great +ums are beiug expended in improving docks and harbor defenses. Why this display of strength? Surely itisnot for the protec.ion of Canndn; .oe most hopeless ressimist in the Dominior.” canuot fear an attack from the Uniied States. But there is scarcely more reason to iear an attack on the United Staus by Great Britain. THE SOUTH’S MANY COLONELS. New York Sun. For many years. indeed since the close of the Civil War, it has been a standing joke among the paragraphers and in variety thee- ters tLat the Confederate Army was composed almost wholly of staff cflicers, and that the number of colonels distributed throughout the South and in the States of the Southwest was naterially greater than the number of male adul: civilians, Itis certainly a fact, as all travelers attest, that there ‘are more colonels, majors and’ generals in the Southern thau in the Northern States, and this is a facl, despite what is a matter of general knowl- edge, too, that the Southern Army wes mate- | riaily smaller throughous the war than the Nortnern forces. An explanation of the apparent anomaly has recently appeared in a statement whicn shows in detsail thnt the number ot Soutnern officers was 1elatively .arger than the number ot Northern officers during the Civil War. The official Confederate army Iistshows one gen- eral-in-chief, Robert E. Lee, and seven full generals, as’ fol ows: Cooper, Albert Sidney Johuston, Benuregard, Joseph E. Johnston, Smith, Bragg and Hood. The number of ligu- tenant-generals In the Confederate army— Sionewall Jackson, Hill, Early, Buckner,Wade Hampton and Gordon among them—was nine- teen, and there were beside: 81 mejor-generais and more than 210 brigadier-generass. 1his was very much larger than the army roll tn respect of staff officers on the Uniou side ata corresponding period. Before the establish- ment of the office of licutenant-general there were 4 major-generals aud 11 brigadier-gen- erals in ihe regular army and 20 major-gen- erals ana 150 brigadier-generals in the volun- teer service. Tuere was, correspondingly, & Iurger numoer of colonels xnd majors in the and the reason for this was to be found in the fact that the commands of Southerners were gencrally smailer and more widely seperated. The Northern forces constituied the attacking the Southern forces, after the of Gettvsburg, were on the de- fensive, and much of the conflict whicn continued during the closing years of the strife was, so far as the Southern | men wereengaged in it, of a de; rille characier. The services of sharpshoot- ers, of smail attackir orzanized tor foregin retreat were in detail, an purposes or 1o covera the commander of each detail took, by courtesy and under mili- | tary usage,a Uutle as high in its way asa Northern commander would receive if in i sultory, guer- | columns, of commands | PERSONAL. Dr. W. C. Grove of Modesto is at the Grand. J. O0'Mara of Maders is at the Cosmopolitan. Dr. K. M. Lundborg of Ukiah isat the Pslacas E. Goodwin of Napa s at the Cosmopolitan. Judge Ansel Smith of Stockton is at the Grand. State Senator J. M. Gleaves of Reddingisat the Grand. N. A. Den of Santa Barbara is a guest at the Occidental. A. Kirby, U. S. N., isat the Occidental from Mare Isiand. € Migliavacea, the Napa wine producer, is at the Balawin, Virgil Conn, a merchant of Paisley, Or., Is 8 guest at the Palace. Mrs. I. La Tour and family of Bakersfield are at the Cosmopolitan. Dr. Manley of Stockton is at the Grand, ac- companied by his family. W. W. Thatcher, a hotel man and merchant of Hopiand, s at the Grand. Dr. John Nichols of Healdsburg is at the Russ, accompaniea by his wife. State Senator D. A. Ostrom of Yubs County arrived yesterday at the Grand. Frank D. Ryan of Sicramento, District At- torney, is a guest at the Graod. Merion A. Taylor, a merckant of Louisville, Ky., is at the Palace with hus wife. M. M. Carothers, a merchant of Uxiab, is the Grand, accompanied by his wife. H. N. Crabb, an orchardist of Oakville, is among the late arrivals at the Grand. J. B. Hull, n prominent real estate dealer of Eldridge, Cal., is at the Cosmopolitan. R. C. Sargent, an old resident of Stockton and wealthy land-owner, is at the Russ. C. 8. C. Scott, & merchant of this City, re- turned yesterday from & visit to the East. R. W. Lewis, & young sociaty man of Port. land, Or., arrived at the Palace last night. Thomas Fitch Jr., & lawyer, of Stockton, son of the orator and lawyer, is at the Baldwin. D. McPhetres, a Supervisor of Nevada County, is at the Lick registered from Truckee. Judge John D. Bicknell, F. T. Bicknell and J. C. Hargan of Los Angeles are 2t the Palace. J. P. Mahan of Trinity Center, near the new mining district of Trinity County,1s at the Baldwin. E. 0. Marshall of New York City, clerk of the Court of Avpeals, is making a short stay at the Palace. C. R. Hurd of Denver, Colo., arrived at the Occidental last night accompanied by Mrs. Hurd and Miss Hurd. charge of & forc: perhaps eight or ten times| T- H.Jenksof Albuquerque, N. Mex,, was in larger. It is & wellknown fact that mili- tary men having titles are as slow to surren- der them aod to forego their use as office- holders are 1o reiire from the honors and emoluments of public station. The rule “once NEW D ICE FOR CONTINUOUS SOUNDING. next heard there was consternation in the big shin. The second cast had snown that the steamer was in shallow weter, and before any 1d be taken to get her outof danger 1 glided softly onto the sands and she | ched hard and fast. It was with the intention of remedying thi: | serious defect in the ADPAratus of navigaiion that Cartain Foster has, after much study, in- vented the device referred to, It consists of an oblong piece of metal, titted with fins at the top and bottom and sides. These finsare similar in design to those on the Holland sub- marine boat, and are designed to enable the contrivance to sivk to the deepest deptns of water. The great superiority of this i1dea over the old method conststs in the fact that instead of | having to be thrown overboard at intervals the new device can be suspended at the exact depth of water that a vessel must draw to be | perfectly sate, and left in (hat position while | the ship is moving through the wete The floating metal is connected with the | ship by means of an electric wire, which not only registers the deptn ot the water on tne diel in the pilot-house, but if the instrument strikesany obstruction or touches the botiom instantly announces the facr, so that the pilot isenabled to shape his cours: nceordingly. In addition to shis it is possible by means of the new deviceto tell exactly the kind of ma- terial of which the bed of the ocean beneath the ship is composed. The method is extreme- Iy simple. An ordinary telephone receiver is connected with the wire that runs to the depth tester, and when the latter touches bot- | tom the pilot is enabled to tell the nature of the ocean’s bottom by the sound that he hears on the receiver. 1f the metal touches a clay bottom or a sandy soil the sound will be smooth, without jar orfriction; but if the ship is traveling over a rocky bed the sound thal comes to the re- ceiver will be harsh and grating as the metal device bumps over it. With such apparatus as this it would have been impossible for the St. Paul to meet with the aceident sne did. The new device will sink 10 almostany dopth, i's action in the water being like that ota kite in the air. The greater the speed of the boat the swifter and deepr the metal w!ll sink, the angle at which the fins are arranged carrying itdown as the waier sirikes them during ~ the progress of the vessel. The “sinker” weighs ten pounas and is forty-five inches in lenzth. MEN AND WOMEN. Andrew Carnegie is a freeman of seven Scote tish towns, Johu Stollar, a Nebracka farmer, who went into debt for eighty acres of larnd, has raised enough wheat on it this year to clear the debt. One of the four living descendants of Gen- eral Joseph Warren, the hero of Bunker Hill, is Benjamin Paris Hamilton, now living in Springvaie, Me. Herbert Spencer is engaged in the work of revising his biology and bringing it up to date. Because of his poor nealth he can give ouly about one hour each day to the work. President McKinley receives an average of sixty begging letters a day. People in all parts of the country write, soliciting nis aid to get them temporarily out of trouble. The other dsy the total amount requested was $25,000. A young woman has received the unusual honor of the freedom of a London guild. She isa daughter of Lord Amherst of Hackney, land, having written a history of gardening in England, has just been thus honored by the Worsnipful Company of Gardeners. In Chicago there is a colored woman who practices law with success. She passed the examinations with great credit and received her license to practice. Miss Platt speaks German and French with ease, and so secures gcol patronage from foreigners. Her practice 1s of the office rather than the courtroom. Only two of Queen Victoria's daughters— Victoria and Alica—showed a taste for polities. On the day of the marriage of Princess Vic- toria ner father, Prince Albert, said to the bridegroom: “Your wife has a chila’s heart and & man’s head.” The Princ:ss Helena is devoted to works of charity and the Princess Louise to the fine arts. Princess Beatrice, the soungest, has been her mothe life-long companion. —_— WHY THESE DEFENSES? Philadeiphia Ledger. Is it a compliment or a threat to this coun- try that Evgland is constantly strengthening | dozen doctors hav a colonel always a colonel” still prevails in the South, and it applies in like manner to generals, majors and captains as well. A man who may have acted for & few hours, perbaps, at the head of a detachment as its colonel. tnough sctually a corporal, has since the | close of the war contirued to be known as colonel. HAPPY TIMES. There’s somethin’ like a jingle an’a tingle In the | § eir, Fer the honey’s jest a drippin’ from the hives: Ihe fields are lookin’ frosty with the white that blossoms there An’ the corn crap's jest the biggest of our Iives! Rummer's a-goin'— Needn't beat the drams: We're bound 0 have o showln’ W hen the fali time comes! | There’s somethin’ ltke a jingie an’a tingle every- where, An’ the biue smoke has a meanin’ as it curls: They'rs tunin’ of the fiddle, an’ there’s music | the air, An’ we'll s00n be swingin’ corners with the girls! Summer's a-goin’— Needn't beat the arums; We're bound to have a showin’ When the :alt time comes ! FRANK 1. STANTON. WITH YOUR COFFEE. “Did you enjoy your rest at the seashore, Mrs. Digby?” “No; I never have any rest until we get home and put the children to school.’’—Chi- cago Record. wSeience has done wonderful things in the utiiization of waterfalls.” “Yes; Niagara makes a lovely background for bridsl party photographs.’’—Chicago Record. Bing—Yes, that old Spriggins. Half a given him up at various times during his life. Wing—What was the trouble with him? Bing—Ho wouldn’t pey his bills,—Puck, “Pretty Polly!” said the lady. ‘‘Can Polly talx?"” “Polly,” replied the Boston parrot, ‘‘can converse.”—Indianapolis Journal. Jack—I understand you have a large floating debt. Tom—Yes; 1 own a yacht.—Truth, She—Do you think the world is getting better or worse? He—Better. She—Why do you hold that opinion? He—My wife's mother writes that she will not be able to pay us her Customary six weeks’ visit this summer. THE FARMER AND THE SPECU- LATOR. Kanusas City Journal. To complain that the poor farmer gets only a few hundred dollars for his wheat, while rich speenlators make fortunes, is about as sensible as to point out that the manufacturer gets only a few cents for a pack of cards, while the men who use thera rake in thousands. In each case those who meke the big winnings 2re gamblers, and they make their money off other gamblers, the difference being that the cards are really handled, while iwheat, in MOSt eases, 18 not touched at all. The farmer exchanges his grain for what it actually brings in the market; the grain gambler merely bets on what the price is going to be. WE OUGHT TO tE HAPPY. Cleveland Leader. Democraiie tariff reform plunged the coun- try into misery and idlene: Protection is putting the people to work and making them happy »nd contented, If nature is help ing the Republicans in the grand work of re- storing prosperity, then the Repuvlicans and everybody else ought to be supremely nappy. —— MUNICIPAL PHILOSOPHY. Milwaukee Wisconsin. The idea of municipal ownership should be extended at the next spring election so as to include the Aldermen in certain bailiwicks. It is better for (he people to own the Aldermen than to have them owned by interesied cor- porations, town yesterday on his way home from a visit to the mines of Trinity County. Dr. D. Calahan returned to the Grand yester- day after a month’s absenco spent among the mines in the northern counties. Frank Mattison, Assessor of Santa Crus County, returned to the Grand last night on his way home from a session of the Stats Board of Equalization. E. A. McElfish of Los Angeles, high chief ranger of the California Independent Order of Foresters and brigadier-general of tne Royal Foresters, is in town on his way to Santa Kosa on official business. CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK. N. Y., Sept. 4—At the Bt. Cloud—E. J. Murphy. Hoffman—s. Leben- baum, L V. Selby, F. L. Noble. Vendome— Mrs. Erlett. Grand Union—W. E. Spencer. M. Kohlberg is here buying. J. D Tallant leit ine St. Cloud and saited on the Allen for Bremen. Mr.and Mrs. N. Canale and child of Senta Cruz, Cal., sailed on the Kaiser Wilhelm on the 2d inst. for Genoa. PERIODICITY OF Speaker Reed in the Illustrated American, Nothing has been more thoroughly well un- derstood by those who bave studied the past even in the superficial way in which we all stuay it than that there is & regular succes- sion of prosperity and adversity, of adversity and prosperity, which varies in causes and appearances, but which 1s substantialiy the same century affer century. We will not press too sirongly the seven fat and the seven lean kine which came up out of the sea in the dream of Pharoah, but you may depend upon it that that Aream haa its origin | in actual events, and that the alternation of goo‘d times and hard timesantedates the pyra- | mids. | But whether that beso or not, the complex nature of mo lern society, the welding together in matters of trade of the whole world from | China to Peru and from far Cathay to the polar | zones has made the periodicity of this alterna- | tion more marked, more clearly defined, wider | spread aud more nearly universal, Has it ever | cecurred to yon to think that the wisdom of the laws which govern the ubiverse can even in this case be justified to human reason and | sensc and that” hard times themselves help work out the salvation of the human race? HARD TIMES. LARGE, RESPECTABLE CAUCUS. Springfisid Republican. Hannibal Hamlin, in his own Maine town, half a cantury ago, was a gold Democrat, and his party was at almost as low an ebb as the Maive Democracy now is. He called a caucus to choose delegates to the Muine conventions— State, county and Congressional. Two per- sons came, Haanibal himself ana John Smith. They elecied a full list of dele- gites. But when it came to their cre- aentials a difficulty aro e. Hamlin was chairman of tae caucus and Smith secretary but how was the gathering to be described ? Ham!in said: “Mr. Smith, write: ‘Atalarge and respectable caucus of the D mocrats 0f H., so-und-so were cnosen delegaies to the State convention,’ and then put the names.” “But, Squire Hamlin, can we call this caucus large and respectable, only you and s “Why not, Mr. Smith? am respectable; what's the difficulty?” the credentia s were 5o made out. You are large and I And VALUE OF THE SPIDER. New York Tribune. M. Cachot is & Frenchman who has solved the problem of utilizing the web of the spider by turning it 1nto silk of a beantiful and fairy fineness. A delicate little machine contain inz a number of tiny bobbins is made to re- volve continuously by a light-running gear. Tne end of the web is caught whiie it is still | attached to the spider, and the little machine | is set in motion. Tae spider does not seem 1o mind having i1s web pulled off, and the mov- ment js continued until the spider has com= pletely surzendered its shining structure. It/ is then released, put aside and fed until it has recuperated its powers, and & fresh spider at ( tached to the gear. M. Cachot int b- lishing & large factory near Paris, and } vertising in the French papers for large quan- tities of spiders. The thread of the silkworm 1s said to be one- thousandth of an inch in diame A PAIR OF HOT DENIALS, Phitadelphia Record, The Ameer of Afghanistan denies that he has been encouraging the tritesmen to revolt agalust English rule. And Senstor Stewart inferentially denies his very candid and sen- I B terview, as published by the New York Times, which proved so dxflcuurnm‘ux to the disgusted si verites. But the revolt and the interview are botn accomplished facts. The iheer has been known to trifls with the truth, and the Senator is slippery. BEET-: UGAR AWAKENING. Globe-Democrat. ‘s A beet-sugar convention st Rome, N. Y., a few dags ago was stteaded by 900 farmers one county., Thes propose to do their o o kesp at home the §100,000,000 a year now spent for foreign sugar. i i e H. BLacxk, puinter, 120 EAdy straon ——————— TourIsTS—Caiiforaia glace fruits, 50c Ib., fnel- egant fire-etched bxs. Just what you want for Fastern friends. Townsend's, Palace Hotel Bldg ——————— £pECIAL information daily to manufacturers, business houses and public men by the Presi Clipping Bureau (Alien’s), 510 Montgomery. * ———————— John Edward de Merrit of Newport, Nebr. although only 13 years old, is attracting gene eral atiéntion by his ability as a preacher. He has preached at Fort €cott, Kaun.; Nevada, Mo., and many other Kansas and Missouri towns., He was licensed to preach by the Baptist church of Fort Scott last year, sinc which time he has been traveling iu the rural districts. He 18 not yet out of knee-breeches, and hasall the airs «fachild, except his de- livery as a pulpit orator. Ir affticted with sore eyes use Or. Isaac Thomp- son’s Eye Water. Drugglis:s sell it at 25 cents. ) y