The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 10, 1897, Page 27

e i ’ F}, abors imposed upon the scientific in- Y THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 1897. 23 The Location of Life~A Scientific Search for the Seat of Intelligence in Man W people are aware of the strange « vestigator in searcn after knowledge. In the field of material physics there are some remarkable features, which, when exploited, disclose curious facts and con- ditions that sharpen the curiosity and en- courage yet further research in pursuit of \imate conclusion. It is a field i presents most enticing prospects, each incursion stimulates the ex- r to vet further effort, in the hope of at the complete knowledge of its | Powerful as are its attractions | ing mind, they are incom- | those which half disclose | when the boundary line surrounds the domain of | e to selves d which mmaterial. f psychophysics, the deter- of th tions between physi- nd psychic action in the pro- ns, has always engaged consideration and the ex- | e of skilled erergy of the pro-| It involves the settle- | the question: What s life? of The written history of the world is re- plete with records of the arduous labors of investigators of this absorbing subject. Great minds have speculated and philoso- d without definite cor ion, while some bold students have enunctated a mathematical formulation that, if the sen- | sation is to increase by apparently equal | differences of intensity, the stimulus must | increase by equal ratios; that is, an arith- | netical series of sensations corresponds to a geometrical series of stimuli. The stimulus immediately antecedent to the sensation is directly proportionate to it, ut has been modified by the organs of sense and conduction so as to be no longer ectly proportional to - the external imulus. The psychophysical interpre- | tation of this apparent law regarding the | relation between stimulusand sensation is an important ultimate fact. | The materialistic schools define life as being that state of protoplasm of an ani- | mal or plant capable of what is termed | “metabolism,” that is, alteration or| change under proper conditions. So far | as it goes, such definition is good, but we | are desirous that it should go further; we | want to have defined the psychic side of this life. We regard the soul and the in- telligence as one and the same thing. To analyze it we must first ascertain its loca- tion, its place of abode in the human body. It has remained for an American to make the first bold attempt to unravel the mystery. To-day the search is being patiently conducted by an American scientist in his retreat situated upon the western slope of the Rocky Mountains in Arizona. Some years ago a close student of the phenomena of life became desirous of prosecuting his Tesearches yet further than legal limits permitted. The summer of 1894 was spent by Dr. — iu the Rocky M untains. While there he was | the witness of a speedy meting of justice to a criminal who had been caught red- handed by the avengers of his crime. The man was hanged to a tree and left there by his judges and executioners, Dr. visited the place of execution about sunset and found the culprit sus- pended from the tree, partly supported by his feet resting in the fork of a small | limbs, a position into which his struggle had undoubtedly placed him. Filled with the desire to make certain surgical investi- gations the doctor cut down the body, when to his surprise he found that life was not extinct. - As he kmnelt beside the body it occurred to him that the oppor- tunity which he had long hopea for had arrived. The body before him was that of 8 male- factor whoseliving was & menace and a pest to society. Outraged justice bad in- flicted her penalty, and to all intents and purposes the man was dead. Should he not avail himself of so oppdrtune aa oc- currence and use the spared remnant of the wretch’s existence to forward the knowledge for which intelligent human- ity -was craving? Hastily opening his pocket-case, Dr. — poured a few drops of a powerfnl narcotic between the lips of the insensate man, and then lifting the limp form upon his horse, returned with his burcen to the log hut in the canyon. A simple-minded. fellow was the doctor's sole companion, and but slight explana- tion was necessary to explain to him the presence of the body. The doctor sent his servant without delay to the nearest tele- graph station, forty miles away, with a carefully worded message to a well-known iriend in Denver, who like the doctor, was an eager student and an accomplished scientist, In five days the Denver friend arrived at the hut. In the meantime the criminal had been kept in a state of lethargy. A rough conveyance was con- structed and the body of the criminal re- moved to a place close to one of the lar er mountain towns on tne line of the Santa Fe Railroad. Then began the series of experiments herein reccrded. Doctor — and his frlend occupied & small house at the rear of which was a log | structure which to all outward appear- ances woula have been taken fora corn crib. No windows and but one door pierced the walls. The building was, how- ever, well lighted by a skylight. In the center of this outbuilding stood a large | solid table upon which was placed the body. Already the doctor had ascertained that complete unconsciousness could be main- | cessive destruction of portions of the tis- tained without impeding the continuance of the manifestation termed ‘“life.” The insensible body had been regularly nourished by means of proper liquid foods administered through a tube inserted into the stomach through an incision in the wall of the sack. From the 14th of September, 1894, up to the present time there have been experi- ments had within the wals of the log building which have never before been P I THE MYSTERIOUS SPINDLE-SHAPED equaled in kind or character. It is the belief of Dr. —, and his- co-iaborer, that all physical life must have its power of continuance coexistant with the psychic, | and consequently located in the same spot. Reasoning from this assumption, they hold that, until that certain spot or loca- tion is exterminated, life will continue, and therefore its exact location in the | human economy is determinable by a sys- tematic approach, consisting of the suc- sues and frame of the human structure, Along these lines have the strange and awful investigations been had. The first experiment was the removal of both lower legs at the knee. Healing of the wounds proceeded rapidly and healthily. Nextthe arms were excised at the shoulders, and from this severe operation the body recu- perated with satisfactory speed and condi- tion. Then came the removal of the re- maining portions of the legs atsthe upper iy OBJECT. thigh. Again nature asserted her marvel- ous power of recovery. During the time covered by these capital coperations the body was maintained in its condition of insensibility and nourished by means of the stomach {ube. The temperature of the room was maintained at an equable and proper degree and all sanitary de- mands scrupulously regarded. Then fol- lowed the denuding of the trunk of its fleshy parts. Each operation was made swiftly following the healing of previous removals. Next came bolder steps. It was found that certain of the internal or- gans were not essential to the prolonga- tion of the phenomena of life and they were stccessfully extirpated. The lungs, the liver, the kidneys, and lastly, the en- tire abdominal vitcera were removed. Still life existed in the remairing mass. The ribs had, piece by piece, been taken away. There was not any canal remain- ing through which might course the ruddy stream of life, and consequently no further need of the mighty cardiac pump, and so the heart was dispensed with. As yet the seat of life bad not been found, Where would it be found, if ever? Then followed experiment after experi- ment so weird and awful that even the imperative demands of scientific research could not blind the ghastliness of the work. Piece by piece the vertebra was separated and removed; the skull was next operated upon, each suture dissected and the entire cranium taken away. And life still continued! Here came doubt and deliberation. It has been the popular belief for ages that the brain was the seat of intelligence, and therefore of directive lfe. Yet science has been unable to point out in the brain that seat, Medical ard surgical science is aware that the brain may be wounded and a portion destroyed without any sensible chauge in the intellectual faculties. Al- cohol clouds the inteliect. Even in the case of the insane science can prove nothing except their misfortune. One nemisphere of the brain may be atrophied and vision continue equally good in both eyes. The seat of the motor principle of life is unknown to science. 'True, in man the proportion of his brain with his in- tellect places an immense interval be- tween him and the most gifted lower animals. But is it the brain alone? Some speculators have supposed that the cere- bral lobes were the seat of the soul. Others have held that the gray cortical matter was the abode of the intellectnal faculties, while some place the intellect as residing in the anterior lobesof the en- chalon, the moral qualities of the mind domiciled in the middle lobes and the animal faculties in the posterior lobes. But the qu stion is. How much is specula- tion, how much is fact? I Reasoning unon the conclusions drawn from a consideration cf these enuncia- tions, Dr. —— and his confrere decided to take one yet bolder step. The entire trontal portion of the brain, the cerebrum, was removed. Life remained!. Such profound investigations could not be allowed to ‘'pass unknown to other sin- cere and trustworthy investigators. Sev- eral of Dr. —'s co-laborers in tlre field of metaplysics were judiclousiy aavised, and at the close of the past month (November) there assembled within the walls of the log bnilding a small but distinguished gathering of men renowned in surgical and medical lines, assembled to view and discuss the remarkable case there pre- sented. Upon a plain pine table, reposing upon. a mass of antiseptic cotton, was a spindle-shaped abject about twenty-three iaches long, having a bulbous termina- tion at its superior extremity, and near the middle of its length a small sack-like appendage which was connected by means of a delicate glass tube with a system of Wolfe’s jars. It was a grayish, pulpy mass, rounded and smooth, divided along its length by a fissure in which a layer of white substance connected the two halves of the symmetrical tube. Was 1 alive? Yes. From the median furrow innumerable spider-web-looking fibers and filaments, each of shiort length, puisa- ted with slow expansion and contraction. It lived. It wasthe seat of life of the thing called man. It was the principle which passionate hands had sought to ex- terminate two years before upon the pranches of the tree in the canyon of Ari- Zona. The results of this most remarkable investigation may not, for very many years at least, find their way to enrich the general knowledge of the lay masses. But those students of the deeper problems of life will soon be enlightened by the sum- marized conclusions of the learned doctor and his confidential co-worker. To be able to positively assert that life resides in a certain definable spot within the .human economy is to confer upon surgery a boon unsurpassable, for with such knowledge humanity may then be treated in a manner at once heroic, swift and sure, in every case where is required the presence of the surgeon or physician. F. M. Crosg, D.Sc. To Produce Attificial Respiration EDICAL men have for vears been | ting ancient records and | senting on new ideas in vering some method of ration that would prove not ut would be easy of adop- ) hidden cient n- SYLVESTER’S POSITIO ion could be found in this regard | 1 would practically revoiutionize the manner of I g, but up to now noihing of moment hes been found; that | z old has been revived. Never- | old and clumsy method »w used by many of our public departments mnst soon give way 1o more nce and it is safe to say that before the year just born gives vlace 10 1898 & new method of life-saving | will be taught in every public school throughout the land, The method used by the “First Aid to the Injured” and known as the Sylvester method is so well known that it will be necessary to touch only upon it suffi- ciently to explain its defects, and there are many—some even <0 serious as to be dangerous. Indeed, it has been said time and again by different professors of natomy that of the deaths from drown. ing on record fully one-third can be has. tened by the “assistance” by the “First Aid to the Injurea.” These repeated statements bave caused no little friction between the regular phy- sician and those anxious to save buman life wherever possible without a thought of payment for their services, and as in 1 cases the friction thus caused has given rth to investigation, which fortunaiely in the case has given a new impetus to science in the discovery of a system of producing artificial respiration, which is both simple, inexpensive (if that may be considered), absolutely devoid of danger and almost certain of successful results. According to the present method, when respiration is tq be artitcially = re- stored, the subject is laid upon his back, his chest being elevated by placing the most convenient thing at hand under his shoulders. Then the almost barparouns process begins. The hands of the life- saver are placed upon the chest of the bj and pressed downward with a regular force. It is recom- mended that the weightof the operator ba vn upon the hands by & forwara isnot done there is httle hope of again baving the subject breathe, without in any event he would do so. This practice of pressing the chest is perhaps the most dangerous of any that could be imagined. It is rarely that arti- ficial respiration 1s necessary, exceptin cases of drowning, in which, before con sclonsness is lost, the lungs are invariably filled with more or less volume of water. Then this 1s the case, heavy pressure on the chest means simply double the same pressure on the lungs, and in many in- stances the water is forced through the fibrous tissue until the lungs are practi- cally shattered. The result of tbis is ex- actly the same as that found in an ad- vanced stage of consumption, except that their lungs, being free from disease, may heal without much trouble. But it must not be supposed that the healing of the lungs leaves the person as physically strong as before. Dozens of air cells have been burst. Their usefulness is forever gone. Consequently, the volume of respi- ration is diminished, and pulmonary disease is something that can be looked forward to in the near future with cer- tainty, Another old method often used to-day with more or less successis to place the subject face down over a barrel and roll backward and forward until the chest is relieved of its burden of water before try- ing to produce artificial respiration. This has been found to work fairly well, except that in some cases the blood vessels bhave been badly broken, thus making the cure quite as dangerous as the disease. All these difficulties havé had to be con- sidered and avoided before serious consid- [erafian could be given to any innovation Dr. Calliano expects to reap no other re- ward for his teaching than the saiisfac- tion he will derive from the knowledge that thousands of lives will be saved owing to his research. He is most anxious to give information concerning his dis- | but this has been done, and to-day there's | covery, and upon application will rexdily | |in vogue a system producing artificial | respiration that is as near perfection as | | seems possible. | The principal advantage of this new | method is its simplicity. The subject is placed upon his back much in the same | position as in the Sylvester method, but ment of the body, and indeed if this | the support under the shoulaers is placed | WITH BOTH ARMS 'TIED ABOVE THE HEAD. there to elevate the chest, and must be from eight to twelve inches high and nar- row enough lo fit between the shoulder blades if possible in order to allow an ex- tended chest expansion by the forcing back of the arm, Once this position is secured the arms are slowly raised upe ward as far as possible without producing a strain, and then they are tied together. Upon examination it will be found that when this is accomplished the thorax is wide open, and that in order to rid the lungs of any water they may contain all that is necessary is to turn the subject on his stomach and elevate the feet. L Once the water is out of the lungs the subject is again placed upon his back,and artificial respiration is produced by a firm and regular pressure by the two thumbs upon the thorax. The subject is grasped round the neck much in the mauner that would be adopted in endeavoring to strangle a person. The pressure must be proceeded with at a rate of about twenty times to the minute, and it will be found that breathing begins almost at once. It is, of course, necessary to keep the hands well to the back of the head. This can be accomplished by piacing any weight on them that may be handy, as they, being tied together, can be handled with ease. This system has been discovered by an Italian physician named Calliano, who is at present one of the leading medical au- thorities in Rome, His experiments have proved highly satis‘actory in every case, und in the near future it is his intention to travel through the various leading cities of the world and expound his new method before the principal medical col- leges. | | supoly physicians with all the technical de- | talls, whick are, of course, of little inter- est to the general pub! Besides those mentioned there are many other advantages to be seen in Dr. Calliano’s method. The labor to the op- erator 1s greatly lessened, thus enabling one man alone to handle a subject. There is ubsolutely no danger irom contusion of the shoulder-joints, but rerhaps the fea- | ture which will meet with most general approval is found in the fact that even the most uneducated person can learn the entire method in five minut The Siren. Ob, siren of the river E¢l, Thou singest as I float along Above thy erystal waters’ flow. 1 hear the music of thy song, Now soft and low, now wildly sweet; Now sprightly, as the dashing spray Now loud, as though the Storm-King’s voice Resounded oer thy watery way Now tender as a lonely maid, Who bidf her truant love return, And tearful, o5 though half afraia He would her loving summons spurn. Thus listening here I wonder not That men wili seek thy moon-lit shrine, Where bend the trees and bloom the flowers, And trafls the fair arbutus-vine, And fishermen will leave their toil, And caring naught for life or death, Will madly seek to clasp thy form And tasto the sweetness of thy breath; Though nevermore their boats are seen, And nevermors they fly their nets, Aud evermore the dimpling stream For their familiar Inugh'er frets. GEORGE H. KOERNER. San Francisco, January 7, 1897. How He Brought Her Downstairs. A workingman was blessed (?) with a very lazy wife who would not get up and light the fire in the morning. One morning he went downstalirs and called out: “Fire! Fire! Fire!” His wife came running downstairs, cry- ing: Where? Where?” “In every house but ours,” answered the | husband; ‘you ought to have been up | The Newest Woman of the West IKE young Lochinvar, many won- ders ride out of the West, and surely one of the most interesting these daysis Miss “Bossie” Mulball. Accord- ing to the baptismal register her name is Agnes, but down in Oklahoma Territory records of that sort command small at- tention. Miss Mulhall is the most fear- less rider of her sex who has ridden a broncho in the West for many moons. Those who know say that half of the marvels she accomplishes have never been told. To gain the place in public esteem that Miss Mulhall holds is no easy 1ask in that section of the country. Not only has she gained it, however, but sbe holds it with the tenacity of the proverbial leech. Sne is the daughter of “Zich” Mulbail, the livestock agent of the Frisco railroad, the only daughter of & famous fa‘her, for the catileman who does not know ‘Zach” Mulball must be a tenderioot indeed. There have been all sorts of stories written of the mysterious heroine of the range, most of which were direcied at Miss Mulball, but this is the first time the actual story of her personality has been gleaned from facts. The accompanying illustration, which is drawn from a photo- graph, is the only truthiul one that has ever appeared in any newspaper, for Miss Muiball is as modest as she is capable, and it would be difficult to pay her a higher compiiment. Those who have riddan the range in the Southwest well know that it is a task which calls for constant pluck and iron endurance. The cowpuncher must be as strong as his broncho &nd his nerve equal to the' “gun’” that he carriesin his hol- ster.”’ Therefore it is wise for those who have'had no experience to dismiss from their minds the idea that it is no great task fcr a woman to become one of the rough riders of the plains. If there are those who insist on retaining the idea let them try the actual experience. There is nothing more convinecing. Miss Muikall is only 18 years old, but the fame of her accomplishments extends to every cattleman in Texas, Oklahoma and the Nation. Nature made her a bru- nette or'ginally and her active out-of-door existence has added several shades to the | darkened tinge that originaliy graced her cheeks. She is by no means an ethereal young lady, but is the possessor of an ad- 3 and lit the fire,” —Spare Moments. mirable figure, surmounted by au admir- able and a very pretty face. Her abundant dark hair is generally worn upon the top of her head, because it is always easier to wear a sombrero that way, or a cap, as in- clination may suggest. Miss Mulhall does not hesitate to ride man fashion, as they call it in the land of the steer and lariat. She can cinch a Cal- ifornia saddle upon her broncho with a grace and a skill equal to that of the best o e 7 3 W\, Ny Not an easy trick to learn, and one which requires great agility and judgment, for the bronco is quite as likely to move as he is to stand still. The accompanying illustration shows Miss Mulhall in the costume she wears when she rides astride. When thus clad | there is no wolf or deer hunt that she will | hesitate about engaging in. As for fol- ! lowing the hounds, as the Eastern hunts- L2 i V. ST, 9 NTA W= By ~ YOF: R Vo Nt § AN Al = % k \'/L'—.“"‘JL'. SRS /.} e 5"”‘( “BOSSIE” MULHALL, COWGIRL AND SOCIETY WOMAN. cowpuncher of them all.” It isn’t neces- sary for her to grasp either horn or pom- mel of the saddle if she doesn’t choose to to mount the wicked little beast that she best likes (o ride. Of course every cow- puncher expects to be able to do the same thing, but with a woman it is different. EAR Calistoga Hot Springs there exists a remarkable arch composed of trunks from the famons petrified forest loca- ted a few miles distant. The arch is supposed to be of aboriginal. origin, but the object for which it was erected has neyer been discovered. It is a solitary instance of the enterprise of the Digger Indian, who was never known to do anything that could be avoided, so averse to work was he. The inbabitants of Calistoga Jook upon the “'‘petrified arch” with great veneration, and are prepared at short notice to relate most wonderful traditions regarding it. The arch is supposed cording to Charles Weidner, the artist, is a very interesting monumen! {o have been erected hundreds of years ago, and, ac- men have it, she is yet to enage in a chase of this sort where she has not been in at the death. Many a wolf scalp does she own, and they are all rightfully hers, 100, because she shot the wolves and scalped them herseif. She is a sure shot with a rifle or shotgun, and knows exactly the spot in the anatomy of the deer in which to place the bullet. Now, Miss Mulhall is a very up-to-daie | rider. Her rope is of the finest rawhide, end she has musclesuflicient to castit well and properly. Her pony is well trained of course, and that is half the battle. - In fact it has been said that if the cowpony could only throw a rope there would be no neces- sity of baving a rider at all. All the requisites of a rider are, however, possessed by Miss Mulhall, and those who know de- clare that she roped her first steer with the skill of a veteran. With all these accomplishmente, she can break a broncho with skill and dexterity. That is an vgly task on general principles. Tte broncho is always vicious before he is broken. It is just as natural for him to bite and kick as it is for a Mississippi River mate to use profanity, and there is nothing more natural than that in all the world. In the first place the pony has to be roped, and it is a fine dance he leads whoever has the lariat after that hap- pens. These are the things that Miss Mulhall has endured. She looks at them lightly, and many a girl in” Smith and Wellesley looks with far more terror upon the an- nual “exam’’ than does this young woman upon what many & man would hesitate s long while before attempting. ‘With all her accomplishments of out-of- door life she has never neglected those things which help make a woman so at- tractive, There is nothing in her appear- ance or demeanor that savors in the least of the rough edge which frontier life is supposed to impart. Thoroughly cultured and refined, she receives her iather's frienas from the ecity at her beautifal home just outside of Mulhall, O. T., with the same finished demeanor that one observes in the hostess in metrovolitan society. Hard indeed it is to recognize in Mi s Muihall, the St. Louis society gir!, “Bossie’” Mulhall, the cowgirl of the Southwest. Yet they are one and the same. And this is a true story that will be cor roborated by any Southwestern cattle- man who has ever known the girl thatis the pride of every rider of the range.