The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 6, 1896, Page 11

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDAY, MAY 6, 1896. 11 expressed the common sentiment when he de- clared that “hers is the greatest glory who has ieast renown among men.” 1n Rome the family held much the same posi- flonasin Greece, but perbaps s more prominent one in social and political life. Religion as its foundation was the more strongly emphasized and 1ts morals remained purer 1o a Iater date. More firmly still was religion in its monothelstic Jorm the cornerstoneof the Jewish family; its political organism was theocratic. Religion ‘was Dot domestic, but national. The family pride of the Jew was stronger than that of the Greek or Roman. The regard paid to woman was not high. While she enjoyed greater liberty than the Greek wife she never recelved (he respect paid (o the man matron, nor the equality in marriage which belonged fo the German wifs. R Previously woman’s character had had for iis 3asis only sirength, & masculine strength, and distinguished from man's only by the intensity, Almost the fierceness, of the sterner virtues. The life of Jesus shed a néw light upon a hitherto un- Dheard of heroism, that which may be called gen- uine, though rever effeminate, and made up of the gentler virtues. He declared blessed the , the DOOr in spirit, the pure in heart. So it hat woman assumed a new place. She grad- ally rose to a flner nature, to a higherdignity. And in the family her duty was eievated above that of mere motherhood. Taking the woman 3nd the man apart, a pew family was ordalned. Thrist transformed ‘the paternal authority into affection. He gave power to the mother as well as %o the fatber. proclaimed the equality of both members. Politically the family has lost presiige. A clear picture of the infancy of government we have in the historical patriarch political unit. family as the ol m thif form, ruled by father as priest and king, we see the family broadening into the “hLouse,” the gens over which the chief Kins- man rules. Houses at length unite into tribes, He broke down a despotic rule and | some very pointed remarks, suggested by the speaker before her. *The family,” she said, is the molecule of society. The family unit is part of the nation. ‘‘Several years ago the reformers saw that woman’s dress was inconvenient, and Lucy Stone and Elizabeth Cady Stanton introduced the bloomer costume that is the popular thing to-day, although the original design was much prettier than that of the present, which is really a mis- | ncmer. | . ““When these two women_first appeared {in New York City wearing bloomers they were followed by a mob and had to be put | in a cab and hurried off to avoid the hoot- ing throng. That is the way man’s desire | for a sensible dress veform was first re- ceived. Those ladies decided that they | would not subject their escorts to so much inconvenience again, hnd they returned to their long trains and furbelows and frills. ““Public opinion rules everything, and 1t will have to be reformed before changes in social and political institutions can re- | ceive recognition. .‘“We are molded and controlled by pub- | lic opinion, and as politics control that opinion those who have a voice in politics are indirectly molding and controlling themselves, but those who have no part in | politics have no voice in their own mold- ! ing or control.” | I Mrs, Henry Erebs of San Frarcisco, One of the Most Active Workers at Yester. day’s Ses jons of the Woman’s Coagress. and the chieftan is still sanctity of common kinshi whom “he rules. Finally ancient state emerges with § priest of his people. But the influence of the Reformation. as well as edged abonut by the with the tribesmen tribes unite and the ts king, the father and of Chrisiisnity, contributed toward the elevation of the indiyidual above the family. The Reforma- tion wasa protest against several things, but to w er point of difficulty the protest was atmed, 1t resulted In the elevation of the individual heart and mind s opposed to the sentiment and faith of the church. It utes the judgment of the individual for the judgment of hierarchy. And o from the plant of the Reformation, as it sprang from Christian soil and there came to fruit- &ge, were Laken seeds which have been rich in de- preciation of the family and in appreciation of the individual. It has profoundly modified the thought and social life of the last 350 years, for it bas given & lasting impulse to the growth of the ndividual In literature, soclety, government and law. This growth has resuited in withdrawing the family and pushing the inaividual toward the front of our thought. Transported to the New World individualism flowered into democraoy, and democracy in turn developed a more intense form of individualism. The American Revolution was the spirit of indl- vidualism fought out, and the Declaration of Inde- pendence was the assertion of the equality of men, of the freedom of individuals. At present in our country the tendency toward individualism has a power commensurate with the force of those powers which have for nearly four centuries been directly contributed o its development. It is felt strongly and widely, Itls seen in the emphasis placed upon the Individual as a factor in the administiation of civil government in the disregard and almost contempt of *blood in the larger legal rights given to women and in all the discussions regarding their so-called rights; in the movement for higher education of girls; in all those conditions of social life which open larger spneres of work to women. All these resnits sig- nity a corresponding shrinkage of the family as a social and political unit. The mutual rights and duties of its members have been lessened. The bome as 8 home has less influence over husband, ‘wite and children. 1t1sdivided by various soclal, educational, ecclesiastical preference. The per- sonal interests of each member have increased in number and importance. The cosmopolitan character of even the most private Jife has tended to separate and to individ- ualize the postion of each member. The individual has come to be regarded as the crown and center of the legal and political order. The family, as an in- Scication of first importance, polltically considered, bas passed Bway. Otitself this development of the individual awak- eus only approval. It runs along the line of the noblest” progress of the modern world. It resuits in advances and advantages in many departments of life.. It Increases the power of the forces which work for righteousness and truth. But it is accompanied by serious perils, and al- ready some of its evil consequences have become 8 nt. Out of this tendency toward excessive individualism has sprupg much of the socialism which threatens European and American goyern- ments. Not only inthe State but in the family alsols the résuit of this tendency made evident. The family, which should be the source and fountain ot purest and most lasting influences, has ceased to exist a8 & political unit. Society has thus lost one of its most imporiant elements Of noble per- manence. Itis to the family that the State has a right to 100k for conservative tendencies, for the in- dividual is radical and progressive. Any movement. the-efore, to restore the family to ts bigh place, both for the sake of the good in- flugnces which it produces and for the sake of re- pressing an undue and perijous individualism, is worthy the thought aud effort and prayer of women. . Miss Agnes Manning took exception to one of the historical characters being in- cluded with the others mentionea in the paper. She arose and with emphasissaid: “No greater blackguard ever lived than Rosseau—a man that sneaked off early in the morning, deserting his wife and ieav- ing his children to be cast into an orphan asylum. I am tired of having that man mentioned with any reference to worthy manhood.” Miss SBeverence was ready at once with The next paper was by Mrs. Frances Fuller Victor, on “Tribal Government.” She handled her subject as follows: Tribal government we might naturally expect to be an evolution from family government, but s brief review of the conditions of society in primi- tive periods reveals the fact that the tribe existed before the family. It might also appear ai the first glance that the constitution of Lribal govern- ment is too primitive aad simple to be considered philosophically—an erroneous opinion. If wou walk under the meple trees in spring you find the ground strewn with dead. blossoms between the two wings of which is a hard round od, appearing like a joint connecting the wings. Cut open one of these pods which - have lain unheaded upon the earth through the storms of winter, and you find in this little case, tightly folded, an embryo tree, even to the color of the leayes. 1 would compere tribai government to this folded tree, contained within a space less than & quarter of an inch in diameter, yet 80 far de- veloped as to show form and color. Within the tribal pod is inclosed all that evolution has brought 10 light along the lines of government from the birth of the human, Another spontaneous opinion upon the subject 1 shall endeavor to present understandingly is that forms of government have been the inventious of single individuals. This also s untrue, all govern- ments having been evolved from the united ex- rer(ence of the people governed Gown to Lhat point n history where conquest was the aim, and whero great military chiefs sought to establish one-man er. Scientists divide the early history of humanity into two general periods—savagery and barbarism. The first period is sgain divided into lower, middie and upper savagery, and the second Into as many eras of barbarism, each subdivision being marked by an advancement in thought and achievement. Goverument among savages is fourdzd solely upor persons and families, and 18 simpiy social, while amoung barbarians it is founded also upon property and territory, and becomes political. All that we heve been able to discover s that every race of mankind begab at the sume starting point and went through similar if not identical processes, some developing much more rapidly than others f0r reasons existing, s we suppose, in thelr environments. This inequality would oper- ate afier a time in & manner to further hinder the upward movement of the less favored divisions of the human family, who became the slaves of the more fortunate ones. But whemever they be- came able to exercise Inclination and will_some form of what I would call universal ideas of gov- ernment manifested itself. These fundamental principles have existed from the earliest. period of the intelligent life of man upon the earth, and are the same, more elaborated, which furnish the foundation of government at the present. ‘Said I 1Ot that the tiny seed contajned the perfect tree?” The earliest known social regulations concerned, they would, the relations of the sexes. to rise above mere brate life primi- tive man divided society into classes, founded on sex. An example of this kind of classification is still found in Auscralls, while traces of this sexnal system have been discovered on the European and American continents. The Australians were di- vided iuto eight classes—four of males and four of femules, and the rule of marriage was that & woman 0f & certain class could only have for her husband & man of & certain other class arbitrarily corresponding to her own. 1put the woman first in my statement of the rule because in that primi- tive period men occupied a social position inferior 10 that of women. as will be seen heresiter. The next stage of advancement: and which grew out of this, was the division of society into_gentes or groups of related individuals which still re- talned their descent in the female tive. The num- berof groupsin a gens was fixed by rule, and & gens took the name of some beast, bird or piant, as the wolf, the raven, the beaver or the stork, which animal became the totem of that division, serving to distinguish it from -any other and to 'prevent forbidden marriage relations. Under the regula- tions of the gentes at firs: marriage wos restricted 10 & portion of the males of one gens with & por- tion of the femaies of another arbitrarily decreed. This system was relaxed until in the higher order ‘o savagery all (he members of each gens were Permitted to marry into avy gens but their own. There is abundant proof ihat in the primitive ages, apd s0 long as men were nomadic In_their habils, the woman's part in tribal affairs was most importans one. In the naiural world the ale tukes very little care of the female. She de- :nd: llfl?tll and provides for her offspring. In- deed, in the lower forms of life he piays an_incon- spicuous part, and in the ascending scale his power does not depend upon bis sex, but upon his strength and intelligence, which in the earlier stages of growth progressed more slowly than woman's—as the comparative advancement of female and male cbildren up toa ceriain period does stlll. ¥or a very long period there could be ne @c- cumulation of property, hence no laws concerning property existed: but when implements ana arms of some simple forms had been Invented, certain animals had been tamed to provide f0od snd clothing, and houses of some sort had supereded ihe skin tent, the prinoiple of ownership and barter became & motive for consideration and sgreement. As the descent of lineage was in the female line, property went with descent, 8S among the Crows of the Rocky Mountains’ the property acquired by the wife was the inheritance of her children, while that of the husband descended to his kindred in his own gens. The rule was the same with regard to office. Among ihe Delawares a woman of the Woif gens, being married 10 achief of the Turtle gens, her husband dying, their son could not inherit the chicflain- ship, but the office went to the son of a sister of the ‘chier. The succession being in the Turtle gens, and through the mother, the son of & Wolf mother was debarred, not because she Was a woman, but because sbe was of another gens. The rule was the same among the Iroquois. If a chief had no sister with ason, the son of the nearest female relative of the same totem succeeded. Taking the Greeks, who staud for the highest culture ever attained, as a unit, we find their system of early government was in almost all re- spects the same as that of the aborigiuees Of this continent. The point at which property became a lever to move society forward was in the upper stage of barbarism. In savagery the amount of property of individuals was limited 10 personal belongings, or at the most to the jolnt possession of a residence of & very temporary kind, with, perhaps, a garden. Personal property was buried with the deceased owner, and any other became the Inheritance of the gens to which he beionged. This was the Athenian custom down to the time of Solon. The ancient graves of Central America and Peru reveal the existence of the same custom near the equator, while we witness the prevalence of this practice Among northern native racés at the present time. If a woman died leaving property to be inherited, it went to her children or her sister’s children, her brothers being excluded. If amau left property bis children 100k nothing, because, according to gentile law, they belouged to the gens of their mother. Their primitive laws of marriage and inheritance seem to have had little regard to the rights of men —almost as little the State Suffrage Amendment Association of California! But the man was only Iying in wait to take ample reprisal. No sooner did the acquisition of property become common than the Greeks changed the custom of descent and limited it to the male line, permitting also u- termarriage In the gens in the cases of orphan dsugnhters and heiresses. Among the Greeks with marriage women now lost their family name and were transferred with their children 10 the gens of their husbands. An- other cause may have operated to suggest this alteration in & fundamental rule of society, namely, the capture and taking to wife of foreigh women #from whom they would ot like to trace the de- scent of their children. Further, with increasing knowledge and taste the Greeks changed the fam- ily name from that of some animal totem, and as- simed that the women from whom they were de- scended had been embraced by soue of their gods, trom whom, or from some circumstance connected with the event. they derived their patronymic. The change in the system 0f marriage ultimately led to great abuses. \Women became umfl}.mpmy or the slaves of their relatives and suffered ac- cordingly. Yet outof this new condition resulted finally the redemption of the woman from the promiscuous sexuality in which she had lived for ihousands of years. ‘The wife being the property of her husband was strictly guarded as such: her proprietor, according to some cuthorities, sitting by his door, club in band, to drive away intruders. Not_only was she carefully guarded, but_terribly punished for infractions of the social law, which held her to be gullty, while the pastner of her fault went free. The rights, privileges and obligations of tribal life in its mos, advanced stage were these: Com- mon religious life, a common burial place; mutual rights of succession to property of decessed mem- bers; reciprocal obligations of help; defense and redress of injuries; the right to intermarry in the gens in cases of orphan dauzhters or heiresses: possession of community property; of officers and magistrates, with certain powers, including a treasurer; limitation of descent 1o the male line; the obligation not to marry in the gens except in specified cases: the right to adopt strangers in the gens, and the Fight to elect and depose chiefs. The possession of Teal property or landed es- tates was unknown in tribal life. From com- munity—houses and walled towns of fortifications —some tribes advanced to townships with a bound- ary, but without affecting the regulations under which this progress had been made, Having no. written laws, the people carried these rules of gov- ernment, as the American Indians say, “In their bearts.” The only way by which a tribe held a tiile to land was by erecting upon it altars to thelt gods or by using it as a burfal-place for their dead. 1 do not wish to be understood as saying that a people did not hold territory by any other title. | They did so by the right of possession or occupa- tion, ard were often at war on account of It; but it was' only by fighting that possession main- tained. “After the township was invented, which was pot until the higher stage of barbarism, lands were allotied to individuals. Allotments were cess of development, have produced such vast results.’” Miss Eliza D. Keith, the young woman to whose efforts a few years ago is due the custom of flying the American flag from the tops of the schooihouses, was the last speaker of the afternoon ses- sion. With forcible speech, filled with strong patriotic sentiment, repeatedl, greeted with bursts of applause, she talke of “The Nation,” a subject she treated in the following way: A natfon is a body of population which its proper history has made one with itself, distinct from all others. The evolution and progress of humanity form nations, which develop by the operation of rincipies. While race and language are leading factors in the formation of states and the de- velopment of natfonal life, they are not all impor- tant. In its restricted, echnological sense a nation is apeople of one race, connected by birth or de- scent—of ond blood, one language, possessing a common history—the same customs, manners and institutious. Politically a nation is the union of the citizens of a state or states under one head, of people with. out respect to differences of race, customs or language, united under & central government, a perpetual government that can be overthrown only by successful revolution. Ambitious rulers and great statesmen seck to form the political nauon, chiefly by conquest. But a pation formed by conguest, and not by assimilation, has no cohesiveuess and is ready to Qdisintegrate the moment the controlling or com- pelling force is withdrawn. But & great nation must make converts through conquest, be those conquests achieved on the bat- tlefield, in the area of diplomacy or in the open mart of territorial exchange or purchase. Lesser peoples seek to merge their former identity in that of the greater nation of which they have become a part. A grest nation inspires its cltizens with an abiding faith In its future, & living loyalty to its very name. The ethnological idea of & nation is chiefly senti- mental. The political ides is the practical one, for it takes a great nation to CATLY ouL great Ideas. In itself the United States of America stands as the best example of a political nation, where, in spite of original differences of race, customs’ or language, these people are merging into one com- mon stock. The highest form of a nation is where the peo- ple form and maintain & gOvernment strong enough to punish criminals, regulute society, pro- tect its citizers in all thelr TIghts, yet powerless to do any harm to its owd _Iaw-ablding people. Such a nation is our great Repubolic, the United States. The great American Nation is not a federation of States but a_government as strictly of the people s Is any state government. Our land is a virgin soil._ It13 not the sepulcher of & dead world—thie tomb of countless genera- tions—whose achievements bave beggared possl- bility. While the monuments of antiquity are wanting to inspire us to emulate the achievements of long-dead_ancestors, Vet we are spared the de- pressing effect of their presence. We escape being Gwarfed by tne consciousness that it is futile even 1o attempt torival what bas already been accom- lished. Pt that we as & people are notlacking in s de- sire to realize the highest ideals of art let the noble architecture of the World's Fair forever sileuce cavil or question. Can anght arrest the development of this highest type of American? The danger lies in unrestricted immigration. We have already received more foreign elements than we can assimilate. The foreign born_and their immediate descendants al- ready exceed the native bOrn north of Mason und Dixon’s line. At the present time there ate over 2,000,000 1dle laborers in_the United States, and yet immi- grants are flocking 10 our shores at the rate of 80,000 & montb. These off-scourings of Europe are not the mate- rial of which to make American citizens. The re- striction of immigration is all that can preserve the integrity of American life, As Americans we tolerste the presence of no class or clan or sect among us that is antagonistic to American principles. No_other language than the mother tongue of our Nation, the English language, should be accepted as the vehicle for National or_municipal expression. Un-American influences should be cast out from our public insti- tutions, particuiarly from our public schools. “Amerlea for Americans” should be our watche word, and by Americans I mean those wha are in sympathy with American institutions, imbued with the spirlt of true Americanism, whether they be American citizens by birth or adoption. In our public schools there should be no place for avowed aliens, or for those who breathe treason or who deprecate the system on which they are para- sites. For in these schools are formed the citizens of the United States. The brotherhood of man and the federation of the world i3 a grand thought, but for the practical purposes of citizenship the cos- mopolite contributes nothing Lo the strength of any nation. A cltizen of the world after all is only an alien in any lana. 1i should be an American's pride to have his nationality 80 _stamped upon him that he could uever be mistaken for other than American, He should despise foreign fads, fashions and follies, and in all things prefer his own country, its re- sources and its produotions first, last and all time. He must allow no foreign interveation in our Na- tional policy, and no alien ownership of American soil. Over 37,000,000 acres are now owned by Europeans. The wise Amer'can desirous of attaining to the Miss Catherine M. Graydon, an Oakland High School Teacher, Who Dealt With “The Family” as a Phase of Government. Rome, allotted a little over Lwo acres to each man from the land held in common by the Roman ple, and these allotments wera the introduction of ownership of lands in severalLy. ‘The Scots furnish the latest example of the gen- tile organization in Kurope. Within recen: his- torlcal "times it was necessary to dissolve the Highland clans in order to harmonize the political usages of the British Tsles. They had established descent in the male line, the children of the males in any gens or clan remaining in the cian, while the chifldren of a woman of that clan belonged to that of the father. 1n their feuds and their blood revenge, in communfty of lands and Gretua Green ma and in other gentile regulations they followed closely the ancient customs. To particu- larize further is tunecessary. ‘There is 4 remarkable resemblance In the origin and growth of governmental ideas all over the glove. When we meet with & race very much lower in the scale of mental development, we have noi to say that their origin was lower than our own, but only that they bad been hindered in their growth by conditions they had been unable to overcome. Neither cau we be permitted to judge them by our standards of morality for the same reason. Nevertheless, we are assured by the best author- ities that we are indebred to the experience of bar- barians for the principles now generally incor- porated in the of government in civilized states. Says Morgen in his admirable w.rk on ““Ancient Soclety’’: “The human mind, specifical the same in all the tribes and nations of mankind, aud limited in its range of nowers, works and must work In the same uniform channels, and within narrow limits of variation. Its results, in M“'fl‘:l't‘llhuuzl'cn l':ollnfl w::,yl sepa- rated ages me, n 8 y con- nected chain of common experience. 1In the grand aggregate may still be recognized the few mary germs of thought, working upon prims :‘:m n’nu-mu which, through a mu’nlp‘g broadest measure of nationality will seek to know more of every part of bis country, if not by travel then by means of books and the daily telegraphic news, for to be provinclal or bigoted in sectional feeling is not American citizenship, No nation can long exist as & nation when its people are arraved agains: each other by conflict- g interests, or when capital and patriotism are on’opposite sides. Either the conditions must be readjusted or separation must ensue, But for us there is to inevitable disaster, thongh the clouds may guther. As before 8o now will ¢ he Ship of State make for the open sea. and sieer clear of the rocks and “the lights on the shore.” What are they, those false iights, those treacher- ous beacons that would lure 1o destruction? The false standards of morality imposed upon every community by & mercenary, sensational press. By its worship of the almighty dollar, its ex- cuses for wickedness in high the subservi- “noy to corporations, the. 10adying i moner ih betra al of the peopie’s interests, the sule of Con- sclence, honor and loyalty, the abuse and misrep- resentation heaped upon what 1s upright, true and noble—by all this 1ist of infamy does the sensa- tional press, the modern Trojan Lorse, menace the public ‘morals, o desiroy the sirength of the XNatlon. - What can avert this disaster? What will save e ingaence of roachi e influence of woman from her ho: up (0 the very head of the GOvernnent. et “The parity of woman s not merely a sentimen- tal idea that maidens stould be chaste and matrons boarding-nouse, . Men take up arm: their bomes, while they desért one another at a moment's Botice. -power of man in shaping the destiny of the Nation. The wife is dearer than the mistress. Men do ot fight for the mistress in her defense, in her houar, though among themselves they may fight over her because their ownership Is dispated, their Pproperty rights questioned. It is for the wife and home that men pour forth their life blood. A good woman's influence maust ever make for 00d 10 the home1n the nation. The advent of woman in the shop, the office, the coliege—wherever she has gone—has raised the moral atmosphere. ‘When women vote the morals of the Nation will be st'1l more in her keeping. The advent of women at the poris will not so much affet the relative strength of parties a8 it will compel each party to put up better men for office, for no man of Known immoral character can hope for the vbtes of the women, as a class. R This will'promote the morality of the nation, for no more perniciops doctrine was ever current than that the public bave nothing to do with the private life, the personal character of a public man. Besides conserving the mozal health of a Nation, women are intrusted with the development of the child into the young American patriot. the loval American citizen. The mother impresses the chiid before 1tg birth and, during the first seven years of its existence, the clild is aimost exciusively under feminine infiuence,that of the mother, orof an eider sister, or of some woman teacher; and in the first seven years of achiid’s life, so the philosophers tell us, the child’s character is formed. “The time fs coming when American men, acting in sclf-defense, will give women the ballot to rescue the Nation from the ignorant foreign voter and the criminal elements in our National life. Why fesr that woman will then struggle with man for supremacy in his own fields? The inter- ests of women . and men are Dot antagonistic. They are compiemental, and the keener moral sense and the finer intuit ons of women will re-en- force the greater physical strength and intellectual Once endowed with the rights, as well as the sponsibilisies of citizenship, trained in the princi- pies of good government and political economy, clothed with political authority, and able to carry out hep convicions as either mother or school- teacher, women will be better equipped to train the rising generations in patriotic citizenship. Every American mother must make her child a baby patriot, proud of the tiny American fiag which she piis upon his breest as she takes him 10 see the Fourth ot July procession, Each teacher—a WOmAn teacher, remember— must take those baby patriots and develop them into intelligent American citizens. More than that, the American schoolteacher must plant the first Idea of pacriotism in maoy a littie heart; in- spire him to love this country, the land of his birth orthe home of his parents’ adoption—io love iv most_and best. This country is educating him, this Nation wants him for 1ts loyal citizen. Ii calls for his love—his devotion. To him . tbis Na- tion must become the one Nation of all the earth, Does the Nation realize the respousibilities which rest upon these political nonentities—these women teachers of our public schools ? Thiuk of it, our public &chools are full of children who never hear one word of English spoken at home. They are the offspring of parents who habitually set all law at open defiance Or secret | evasion. These Parents are strangers Lo our Angio- Suxon ideas of morality and government. They care nothing obtain the lviug that they could not wring from the pauper soll of Europe. Can the public school- teacher make pariotic Americans of such children? That s what she is doing every day. ‘The hope of our country is in our children, and as our public schools are conducted so will that hope be frustrated or fulfilled. Among the thinkers of the Nation, those who loyally elevate the Nation above the separate state, the conviction grows that the National Government shonld have control of the public schools, reducing the uneven and conflicting sys- tems to un educational uniformity and raising ihe standard of individual excellence. The Nation educates her soldiers and her sailors, whygnot her future citizens? Her very life de- pends upon their loyalty. Tt 1S 100 late to train & voter when he Is on his way 10 the polls, but the children may be trained in the virtues of true citizenship. School children must be taught thata good name is better than riches, and that the ballot-box is as sacred as an altar. The American cnild must be helped to realize that material prosperity is not everything, but that art is the soul of life, the divine compensa- tion for man’s necessity for labor. In America our good is better than the best ot othier nations. What js bad has come from out- side sources and shall be cast forth, and what is best in other countries we will take and make our own and stamp it with our Americanism. ‘We are the people and our country Is the one great Nation of the earth. The Rev. Dr. Philip Graif of Oakland opened the discussion. “The new woman’ he said, “is only the woman of old under nobler and better auspices. The ratriotism now being manifested by woman is an earnest that she will become a great bulwark of the Nation."” Other well-known speakers discussed the paper until the hour for adjournment. L B, Evening Session. Hundreds were turned away at the evening session. The aisles were filled by a standing throng, and though there was much crowding there was, happily, no ill feeling, and everything passed off in a gay, good-natured fashion, notwithstand- ing the discomfort. The crowd was seri- ous, as well, since the matters considered were of grave import. Hon. Taylor Rogers, secretary to the Mayor, delivered an eloguent address on “Patriotism.”” He was frequently inter- rupted by enthusiastic applause. ring the discussion which followed Charles Getz asked : “1f the law were carried out in regard to women as it is when men are concerned, would not there be as many women as there are men in jail?”’ Cries of “No, no,” and bursts of laugh- ter greeted the question, the point of which seemed to be by no means lost. Dr. Edward Allsworth Ross, professor of finance at Stanford University, a young man already well known in the educa- tional centers of the United States asan irdependent thinker upon economic ques- tions, delivered the concluding address. ‘He took for his subject “What We Are Now,” and spoke extemporaneously. e To-Day’s Programmae. “Woman'’ will be the topic to-day; and no less than ten people are going to talk about her. Following is the programme: 10:30 4. d.—“Woman &s a Popular Myth,” Miss Cordelia 8. Kirkland, Chicago,” IIl.; “Woman 8s & Plain Fact,” Miss Sarah M, Sev- erance; “Woman as a Social Factor,” Mrs. Eliza A. Orr; “Woman as a Social Sufferer,” Rey. Eliza Tupper Wilkes, Oakland. Afternoon session, 2:30 o’clock—“Woman in Religion,” Rev. J. K. McLean, D.D., Oakiand, president Pacific Theological Seminar; “Woman in Fiotion,” Mrs. Lovell White; “Woman in Poetry,” Miss Dorothea Roth. Evening session, 8 o'clock—As She W as She Is,” Rey. Jecob Voorsanger, D.D. She Is Said to Be,” Mis Elizabeth U. ates, Maine; ‘“‘As She Will Be,” Rev. Anna Shaw. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Shade of Dendall- ville, Ind., are the smallest peovle in the guih;l They are both under three feet in eight. NEW TO-DA! Plumpness is prosper- ity, good ?ature, hap- piness. It is not to shiver with every cold breeze; it is defense against coughs, shelter from Neuralgia, shield against nervous pros- tration; better than all —security from germs of Consumption and an escape from a thou- sand aches and pains which cling to a poorly noutished body. Scott’s Emulsion of Cod-liver Oil with Hypophos- people not over-fat, but plump. Itsmoothesout the wrinkles and brings the dimples back. for America except that here they | NEW TO-DAY. MUNYON Druggists Test—if; to the Suecess of His Improved Homeo- pathic Remedies. FACTS THAT CANNOT BE DENIED. The Sale of Munyon's Remedies Execeds That of Al Other Medicines. Popular With the People Because They Furnish a Remedy for Every Disease, Cure Promptly and Permanently and Are Only 25 Cents a Bottle. Professor J. M. Munyon—Dear Sir: We take great pleasure in stating that we were greatly surprised at the unexpected de- mand for your remedies. It is rather un- usual to take this city by storm as you have done. This indicates that your goods must possess merit. Respectfully yours, MACK & CO., Wholesale Druggists, San Francisco, Cal. Mnnyon’s Rheumatism Cure seidom fails to relieve in 1to3 hours, and cures in a few days. Price, 25 cents. Munyon’s Dyspepsia Cure positively cures all forms of indigestion and stom- ach trouble. Price, 25 cents. Munyon’s Cold Cure prevents pneumo- nia and breaks up a cold in a few hours. Price 25 cents, Munyon’s Cough Cure stops coughs, night sweats, allays soreness and speedily heals the lungs. Price, 25 cents. Munyon’s Kidney Cure speedily cures pains in the back, loins or groins, and all forms of kidney disease. Price, 25 cents. Munyon’s Headache Cure stops head- ache in three minutes. Price, 25 cents. Munyon’s Pile Ointment positively cures all forms of piles. Price, 25 cents. Munyon’s Blood Cure eradicates all im- purities of the blood. Price, 25 cents. Munyon’s Female Remedies are 8 boon to all women. Munyon’s Asthma Remedies relieve in 3 minutes and cure permanently. Price, $1. Munyon’s Catarrh Remedies never fail. The Catarrh Cure—price 25c—eradicates the disease from the system, ana the Ca- tarrh Tablets—price 25c—cleanse and heal the parts. Munyon’s Nerve Cure is a wonderful nerve tpnic. Price, 5 cents. Munyon’s Vitalizer restores lost vigor. Price, $1. A separate cure for each disease. druggists, mostly 25¢ a vial. Personal 1letters to Prof. Munyon, 1505 Arch street, Philadelphia, Pa., answered with free medical advige for any disease. Atall 22 Geary 8t., Near Kearny. Priestly’s Black Goods! As we distribute Priestly's Goods directly from manufacturers we are enabled to sell at very low figures. PRIESTLY'S Serges, PRIESTLY’S Faney Weaves, PRIESTLY'S Silk Warp Goods, PRIESTLY’S Faney Mohairs, GOODS SENT C. 0. D. SAMPLES FORWARDED. R. T. KENNEDY COMPANY., LIGHTNESS STRENGTH BEAUTY SPEED —do you want more in a bicycle? T _ere s more in the King of Monal'Ch Bicycles. 4 models. $50 and $100, fully” guaranteed, P children and ‘adulls who vaat 8 fower price vhoet e ce s mado in §models, $10, 450, §80, §7 Send for Monarch book. MONARCH CYCLE MFG, CO., 8 and 5 Front St., San Franclsco. THESUCCESS OF THE SEASOY THE LADIES' GRILL ROOM —O0F THE— PALAGE HOTEL, DIRECT ENTRANCE FROM MARKET ST. OPEN UNTIL MIDNIGHT. LI PO TAI JR., Chinese Tea and Herb Sanitori rium, A co, apiaan Office Hours: 9 to 12, 1tod and 5 to 7. Sun- day, 9 A. M. to 12 M. LiPo Tai Jr., son of the famous L1 Ps Tai, has taken his father's business, and is, after eleven years’ study in China, fully prepared to locate and treat all diseases. NEW TO-DAY. NOLAN BROS. SHOE CO. LATEST STYLE FINE TAN SHOES! We Are the Only House That Has All the Very Latest Tan Shoes. NO 01D STYLES in OUR STORE Nothing but the very latest and all right up to the minute. So when you want TAN SHOES come or send direct to our store and buy them. AT WHOLESALE ~PRICES, We Are Making a Specialty of Tan Shoes and Can Suit Everyone. All Styles That Are Made in Black Shoes We Have in Tan. WE SELL: Ladies’ Finest Quality Tan Chrome Kid Button, hand-turn soles, pointed toes and tips, at.. 3 82 80 per pate Ladiey Fino Tan Oxfords, French heels, hand- tufn soles, pointed toes and tips, at.$2 per patr Ladies’ Fine Tan XId, Brown Cloth Top Ox- fords, or Southern' Ties, hand-turn soles, pointed or square toes, $1 50 per palr Ladies' Find Russet Oxford Ties, turn soles, pointed.or square toes, at $1 per pair Ladies’ White Canvas Oxford turn soles, pointed toes, at... -.%1 50 per pair Ties, Children’s and Misses’ Tan Batton Shoes. Spring heel, square toe and tip. Bizes 5 to 8.. .. 90c Sizes 815 to 1L, -81 00 Sizes 1114 to 2. . 8125 Men’s Tan Shoes From $2.00 Up. We have all the Very Latest Styles and Shades in MEN’S TAN SHOES, GIVEN AWAY! A Rubber Ball or Base Ball With Every Purchase. Send us your address and we will mall youa Catalogue. WE HAVE NO BRANCH STORE ON MARKET STREET. Mail orders receive prompt attention. NOLAN BROS. SHOE CO. 812814 MARKET STREET, 9and 11 O'Farrell 8., PHELAN BUILDING. Long Distance Telephone 5527, FIRE-PROOF, 3 ’ Grand Boulevard and 63d St. West, NEW_ YORK. ’ 100 single rooms. 100 rooms, with baths, 200 suites, © %07 rooms each, with private bathss 10 minules, Dusiness and centres. Overlooking Central Park and the Hudson River- AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLANS. A cuisine and service unequalled anywhere in America. Passen; crossing the Jersey ferries take either 6th or 9th ave, ** L™ to 60th st., or Broadway cable cars to hotel. Boulevard cars passing Grand Cen- T s s S8 . Mewt somr: up. ican pi , U] - i ‘and moet liberall! hotel B e e NSON QDTN Mger WAL NOBLE, Props. THE ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE —OF THE— BREEDER AND SPORTSMAN ND ALL THE PROPERTY, CONSISTING OF Equipment, Good-will, Bo0k Accounts, etc., connected with same, also the Stallion Memo, one Bay Mare by Memo, one Chestnut Gelding by Sid- neyand one High-wheel Sulkey, haa been con- nued to WEDNESDAY, MAY 6, AT 1 0°CLOCK P. H, Sale to be held at the office of the BREEDER AND SPORTSMAN, 313 Bush street. F. W. KELLEY, administrator of the estate of JAMES P. KERR, deceased. Baja California Damiana Bitters 1s a powerful aphrodisiac and specific tonic for the sexual and urinary Orgaas Of both sexes, and & ETeat remedy for diseases of the kidneys and blad- der. A great Restorative, Invigoratorand Nervine. €ells on its own Meriis—no long-winded testi monials necessary. NABLK, ALFS & BRUNE, Agents, 823 Market St., S. ¥.—(Send for Circular.) COSMOFPOLIITAIN, Opposite U. S. Mint, 100 and 102 Fifth st., Ssa Francisco, Cal.—The most select family hotel in "Board and room, 1, $1 25 and 81 60, day. nocording 1o room. - Meals 35c. " Kooms, 806 day. Free coach to and from the hotel. Look for the coach bearing the name of the Cos mopollian Hotel. WM. FAHEY, Proprieton GREAT FALLS, MONTANA SPEAKB FOR ITSELF. A YOUNG CITY with greater water-power than all the great water-powers in the United States combined, and mining 80 per cent of the coal of the State.’ For information call uj . KY. AMcKnight block, o> O Wite 4.T. I NEW WESTERN HOTEL. KEARNY AND WASHINGTON STS._RE- modeled aud renovated. KING, WARD & CO. Euzopean plan. - Kooms 60 io 8180 per day, 32 to $8 per week, 88 to $30 per monun: free baths; hot aud cold water every room: fire grates ia every room; elevaior runs allnight.