The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 19, 1896, Page 23

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, APRIL 1 23 N important contribution to ab- | riages have no place in Shaker life. Roger | plesin undeveloped tountries. Thenutgmr' stract political philosophy has | and Chloe are shown through the fam ly | remarks that one of the best examples, been furnished by Professor W. | house; then an old Brother accompanies | perhaps, of the necessity of constantly ap- | W. Willoughby of Johns Hopkins University in an elaborate study bearing the title of “An Examination of the Nature of the State. ” The author defines his purpose to be the construction of a true system of political vhilosophy, the determination of the ultl- mate nature of the state and the grounds | homeward journey | | ;girl's hands, and begs her | Roger through the workshups, explaining | pealing to the most elementary and gener- | | many things; while the | tertained by the Sisters. irl is being en- | The youngz man is 1n a very thoughttul mood when the s becun. Learning from Chloe’s lips” that the Sisters had | tried to induce her to join their angelic order, Roger clasps the to return He de- to the settlement straightway. upon which its authority may be justified. | clares that he has been convinced that | He emphasizes the distinction between essential nature in politics and mere ap- pearance, between the legal and political character of forces and institutions and their actual operation in the arena of civic life. In this direction he points out the difference between sovereignty and public opinion and establishes the legal omnipotence of the state, separated from its actual limited coercive power, and the true happiness exists there alone. *Those people have found Y says Roger, “‘and all the rest of the world is at war. I canremember my own father and mother even. They thoughtall the world | and there | b | of each other, but they were always dis- | puting and quarreling. 3 ! all married peo[;le; every house is a scene | Look around at | of contention. Will against will always.” | He pleads with Chloe to jomn the| Friends with him, saying that his life will be nothing without her. non-legal character of international prin- | She will neither go nor prevent Roger ciples shown to be lacking the recognition | from going, and so they give each other of any. obligatory force by civilized peoples. | The essential zlements of a state are found to be three in number: 1. A com- munity of people socially united. 2 political machinery termed a government | and administered by a corpsof officials termed a mazistracy. 3. A body of rules or maxims written or unwritten determin- | ing the scope of this public authority and | the manner of its exercise. It will be seen from this statement of | its elements that Professor Willonghby | treats of the state as an abstraction quite distinct from its organization or adminis- tration. The term ‘‘state’’ therefore as u crete things which may differ from one anotherin quality or degree, but in the idea of a state there can be no conception | of comparative exceilence. In other words there can be no such thing as an | imperfect state. origin of the stote Professor Willoughby traces the various theories which have been advanced on the subject by eminent | philosophers. These theories in- | he Patriarchal, or the doctrine that | e isan outerowth of the family; | tinctive, which teaches that the | isan outcome of the natural soci- | v of man; the Utilitarian which re- state as one of the utilities of he Force theory, or the that the state is the result of the ion of the masses by the strong; the Divine, bv which the state is held to be a creation of God, and the Contract theory, which defines the state as the outcome of ® govermental compact between the peo- vle of a particular community by which t agree to act together under certain rstablished forms for mutual benefit and protection. he basis on which each of them rests, | Professor Willonghby advances what he regards as the true origin of the state. ! This he concludes 1o be ‘‘a sentiment of commaunity of feeling and mutuality of interest,”’ which finds expression for itself in the creation of political power. He. s approvingly the saying of the an publicist Jellinek: “The ground of the origin of the state is the fuct that an avgregate of persons has a conscious feeling of unity, and gives ex- pression to this unity by organizing itself a collective personality, and consti- tuting itself as a volitional and active sub- ject.” That is to say, the origin of the state is to besought in psychology and not in politics, utilitv or divinity. Vhere this | psycnological unity exists, we have the true State, but in ‘political organizations where it does not exist we have only a | mechanical union or complexus of atoms held together by force, and forming a gov- ernment indeed, but no sense consti- | tuting what is rightly a state. | Out of this theo h come of a sentiment of uniiy amonga | people there flow momentous conse- | quences. As men advance in knowleage of one anotherand their thoughts widen with an increasing liberality, it becomes possi- | ble for states to expand ana include larger | and larger ageregates of men. With the growing development of the sentiment of humanity there isa tendency toward the final establisbment of a world-state in- cluding all the earth and all the nations therent in one vast whole acting in con- | cord nnder harmonicus law. Proiessor Willoughby, while admitting | this tendency, dees- not believe the worid- state will ever be accomplished within any limits of time that may be estimated now. Hesays: ‘‘As time goes on the as- sociation of states will undcubtedly grow closer and the rule of international moral- ity will increase in bott force and number, bat that 2 genuine world-state embracing the civilized nations of the world will ever be established does not seem possible. Such a type would require the surrender of the sovereignty and independence of the individual nations—a surrender to which it is not conceivable they will ever sub- mit.” Many interesting questions concerning the development of the modernidea oi the state, the extent of its powers and the present tendencies in forms of government are discussed in the course of the work, but these we have not the space to pursue. They, however, are well worth the study not of political vhilosophers only, but of the higher order of practical politicians as well, inasmuch as they heip to an under- standing of the political tendencies of tue time, and are full of suggestions as to the limits of law and legislation under the idea of the state as it exists to-day in the sentiments of the peopleof civilized na- tions. “‘An Examination_of the Nature of the State. A Study in Political Philosophy.” by W. W. Wiliou:zhby, Ph.D. [New York and London: Macmillan & Co.; for sale by William Doxey; price $3.] A PARTING AND A MEETING. W. D. Howells has given usanother story that dwelis on Shaker life. It is almost a companion piece to that simple tale of Quaker innocence, “The Day of Their Wedding.” In the latter story a Quaker couple flee from the colony of Friends to ! marry and seek happiness in the “outside world.”” The varied experiences of their -honeymoon convince them that more per- fect contentment is to be found in the colony, and thev glaaly return to the old life. ‘A Partingand a Meeting’’ brings us to the conclusion that, after all, as far as complete happiness is concerned, life is pretty much the same everywhere, and that, even to the end, unsatistied longings afflict Shakers and worldly folk alike. In the fresh novel Roger Burton, a viliage teacher, and Chloe Mason, a physician’s daughier. are in love and the wedding day is very near. when . for an afierncon’s pleasure they visit a Bhaker settlement not far distant from their homes. Chloe bad visited the Friends many 1imes as a child, and she is received them with much cordiality. Sheinforms ihe Sisters of her engagemeut to Roger, ed by him must not be taken asa syno- | nym for either “government,” ‘nation’’ | day.” or “people.” These phrases signify con- | him humorously. oceeding to a consideration of the | After an elaborate review of these vari- | theories and an historical account of | inner | | plume she still writes. Shortly after | | climate of Louisiana, wher: and the twain are regarded with eyes of worderment, for engagements and mar- up. Roger returns to the settlement and is received among the Friends with joy. Three-score years elapse, and the author brings about a meeting between Chloe and Roger in extreme age—he is ninety and she eighty. Chloe had married within a year after parting with Burton, and now she was paving a visit to the Shakers in company with a grandchild. Once more the lovers of sixty years gone-by meet. She had sought happiness in herown way; and he in his, and neitber has found it complete. *‘T've had the best | the earth can give,’ says Chloe, “ana I| have seen my children grow uparound me, | and now my granchildren, and yet I don’t | know, Roger, but what I'd bave done as well had I stayed here with you that He laughed as_if it all affected “Yes,” he replied, | “I've lived the angelic life, as| you =sav, and it's been all I ever expected. I've had peace; I don’t deny | that, and I haven't had any sorrow or trouble. Andstill I'm not sure but I'd have done ahout as well to go with vou, Chloe.” The descrintion of that meeting, which ends the boo! is a master portrayal. The story is adm: rably told, and a considerable insif;bt into Sbaker customs and manner of living 1s afforded. [New York: Harper & Broth- ers, publishers. For sale by A. M. Robert- | son; price $125.] | MRS. E. BURKE COLLINS. Prominent among the literary women of | is country to-day is Mrs. E. Burke Col- | lins of New Orleans. Her success as a | story writer has been phenomenal. She | has contributed to nearly all the leading periodicals in the United States, writing | in all, according to Book News, ninety-six | novels and serial stories, together with thousands of short stories, sketches and poems. The amount of writing she ac compli-hes in a given time is said to be | wonderful. Mrs. E. Burke Collins is a | native of Rochester, Y., and on the | maternal side is a direet descendant of the | hitins family of Great Barrington, Mass., whose published genealogy traces the fam- ily back 600 years. Among. her ancestors was the famons Captaia John Mason, who | saved from hostile savages the earliest set. tlers of Connecticut. Her first article wa. written at the age of 9. At 15 she left| school and was married to E. Burke Col- ins, a rising young lawyer of Rochester, and under whose name as a nom de the marriage they moved to the milder ithin a year, an accident left Mrs. Coilins a widow among comparative strangers, She was | almost alone in the world and she reai-| ized that thestrug-le for subsistence was | efore her. She had previously written for pastime; now she decided on the 1pen as a means of Ii bood. Only a girl in years, she conceivea -and executed the daring scheme of starting a purely literary journai in New Orleans. T:me and place were unpropiticus for the enterprise. De- pite the exertion of all bher splendid en- rgies the venture did not pay. and her finances being exhausted after a few | months the journal was discontinued. | That venture, however, gave her prestige in the literary world; orders poured in upon her from publishing houses and her literary success was assured. SUSANNAH. The new novel *Susannah,” by Mary E. | Mann, concerns the fortunes of a girl who, with two other sisters and a brother, starts | out a penniless orphan to make her own way in the world. The story shows “how salt his food who fares upon another’s | bread.” The brother 1s taken by an uncle, | a clergyman, who provides very scantily for his charge during a school course, and | an aunt supports the two eldest girls until | they are oid enough to secure positions of some sort. Susannah, the youngest, the homeliest and the favcrite, is adopted by her mother’s old friend, Mrs. Foote, who | is a very wealthy widow, and who helps to | sustain a8 number of charitab’e societies, vet who nearly starves herself and the members of her household. Mrs. Foote’s only son, Percival, remains away from home on account of his mother’s close habits. At home he could never get enough to eat, and he is pained to see Su- sannah being made to perform domestic service. Percival and Susannab become engaged against Mrs. Foote’s will. Then the girl hears of the illness of her brother Alfred, seeks him out and attends him in a common boarding-house, where she en- lists as a servant to defray expenses. Evil influences are around her, bu: she bravely combats them, and her brother’s physi- cian, Dr. Hartley, proves a noble friend to | her. Alfred winds up a dissipated career by suicide. In seeking for her brother at this time Susannah grows faint, and look- ing sbout for some place of shelter dis- covers Dr. Hartley’s residence. The phy- sician observes her and hastily assists her into the house. Conveved to Mrs. Foote’s | mansion Susannah suffers a severe illness. | Her sister Theresa, while attending her, wins Percival's love. This is agreeable to Susannah—whose old engagement has been broken off—and upon Ler recovery a double marriage takes place, Percival to Theresa and Dr. Hartiey to Susannab. [New York: Harper & Brothers, publish- | ers. For sale by A. M. Robertson; price, $125] STRIKES AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS. Much food for earnest thought will be found in the volume entitled “*Strikes and Social Problems.” by J. Shield Nicholson, professor of political economy in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. Tle contents of the volume in their original form were given | as addresses and were intended to deal in a popular manner with various social problems. The first six lectures or chap- ters treat speciaily and directly of the conflicts between labor and capi of the interests of both in.concii The next four, though dealing directly with the same topics, are desizned to show more generally the importance of economic principles in legisiation and administra- tion. The last two were stiggested by a | of ally admitted principles is furnished by the continuance under British dominion | of slavery in Zanzibar. In bis essay on | “Political Economy and Journalism,”” Mr. Nicholson appeals to journalists *‘to make a serious study of political economy, not merely for the power it will give them in treating practical questions—not merely because it will improve their professional | capacity, but on the higher ground of | public duty. Every day,” he concludes, “we see events and hear proposals that threaten security and liberty, and with hem the National well-being. The great | restraining force is in the press; the press, it | is hardly too much to say, has taken the . place of the King’s peace. And similarly in reform, in improvement, in progress, it | is to the press we look to give light and | nourishment to the ideas that otherwise | might perish at their birth.” [New York: | Macmillan & Co., publishers; for sale by William Doxey; price, $1 25.] NON-HEREDITY OF INEBRIETY, Leslie E. Keeley, M.D., LL.D., has writ- | ten a treatise on a subject upon which he | may presumably be accepted as an author- | ity. The question as to whether or not | chronic alcoholism can be transmitted | from father to son, from generation to gen- | eration, is one that has been discussed | since time immemorial, and 1t is a much- | mooted point even to-day. | Of the attitude adopted by practitioners | toward inebriety, Dr. Keeley says: ! “Until within a few years no treatment, | except mind cure, has ever been tried. | Those who regarded inebriety as a sin pre- | scribed religion; those esteeming 1t a ! social vice have enjoined pledge-signing; | those who consider it a crime pronounce | the sentence of fine or imprisonment. All | of these methods have had more orless | success. The inebriate may refrain from | drinking because he fears punishment, or | believes some mental influence has cured | him, or because his pledge stimulates his | will to abstain; but none of these things | can cure the disease. The mental influences simply dull the sensation craving for liquor, which is the symptom of the disease. The disease remains the same, and when the mencal | | says he nas reason to hope that his vol- ume meets the demand for a popular book on a subject of increasing general interest. London and New York: Frederick Warne Co., publishers; for sale by William Doxey; price $1.] VENEZUELA. William Eleroy Curtis, author of “Span- ish Capitals of America,” has written & volume entitled, *‘Venezuela, a Land Where It’s Always Summer,” in which that country is described with much de- tail and, apparently, in the ight of a thorough knowledge of the facts. It.af- fords a better view of the much-talked-of South American Republic than any book so far issued tbis year. It contains a large amount of historical matter relative to Venezuela and devotes chapters to the birth of Sonth American independence, | Simon Bolivar, the Washington of Scuth America, Guzman Bianco and other rulers of Venezuela. The characteristics of the people and the productiveness of the country are among the subjects of treat- ment, and the author also gives an ex- haustive account of the question of the disputed territory. He concludes that Great Britain has no more title to the territory she has forcibly occupiea than the United States has to Manitoba or Chihuahua and no more right to occngy the island of Barima at the mouth of the Orinoco than the jetties of the Mississippi or the islands in the harbor of New Yprk. “‘She had a title to the latter once, but never to the former.”” In his chapter on agriculture in Venezuela Mr. Curtis says that one cannot buy coffee plantations there except for their full value, for they have gradually passed into the possession of men of means, who regard them as the safest _and most profitable investments. [New York: Harper & Brothers, publish- ers. For sale by A. M. Robertson; price 2.] THE AMERICAN PRIMARY SYSTEM. Hon. E. Hofer of Salem, Or., is the au- thor of a work entitled, “The School of Politics—The American Primary System,” issued in New Ocecasion Series, No. 33. The keynote of the volume is struck in the author’s opening proposition: *In the perfected nominating primary every mem- ber of every party should have a direct vote in tne choice of every candidate whose name appears on the ticket of his party.” [Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., pub- lishers; price, 25 cents.] ART IDOLS OF THE PARIS SALON, This is part § of a subscription work is- sued by the White City Art Company. It consists of beautiful reproductions of paint- ings by Benner. Arosa, Bonnat and Colin. Descriptive matter accompanies each pic- ture. The series is published at the price of $4 per year to subscribers only. [White City Art Company, Chicago, I1i.] LITERARY NOTES. The Overland announces for its May number the first of an important series of eight papers on “*Unexplored Regions of the High Sierra,” by Theodore S. Solo- mons. The opening paper, “The Sources of the San Joaquin,” contains a remarck- HE GRASPS HER HAND IN HIS. [Reproduced from an engraving in “A Parting and a Mecting,” by W. D. Howells.] influence from any cause grows less power- ful the disease will azain assert itself. The only cure for inebriety is medical treatment.” The writer of the present work devotes several chapters to moralizing on the evils | of intemperance. These might have been | omitted as foreign to the purpose of the | book. But certain of his remarks hav=“ within them the elements of truth—one, for instance, to the effect that there would be far less intemperance in the world if all cities possessed good sanitation and a proper and pure water supply. Dr. Keeley concludes by ontlining the eneral principles of his treatment of ine- riety. He claims that his remedies an- | tagonize the effect of alcohol on the nerve | cells and break up the automatic craving | for liquor. [Chicago: 8. C. Griges & Co. For salein this City by the Whitaker & Ray Company.] AN EPITOME OF SPENCER. No man has performed a greater service to the English reader for years than has the author, or compiler, of “An Epitome of the Synthetic Philosophy of Herbert Spencer.” To take ten large volumes, con- taining as they do both a general and a detailed survey of the highest and the broadest philosophy that the Western ‘World has given birth to, and reduce their contents to one volume of 500 odd pages of gooa sized type, seems almost a her- | culean task. This, however, has been the self-appointed task of F. Howard Collins, and that he has done the work well we | have the warrant of Herbert Spencer’s own words for stating. “The condensed | statements are at once correct and clear,” | writes the great Engiish philosopher him- | self in an introduction to the book. ‘*‘In- | deed, I have been somewhat surprised that it has proved possible to put so much into so small a space without sacrifice of in- telligibitity.” With the epitome at hand even ‘“‘the busy man,” about whom so much is writ- ten to-day, may become tolerably convers- ant with the synthetic philosophy. How- ever, it is only the pbusy man, mentally, who cares much for philosophy and has | the time to inquire into the nature ana causes of things. He will prize the book | highly, even though already on speaking terms with Mr. Spencer’s great works. It will fit well on the shelf alongside of Herbert Spencer’s complete works, and will prove invaluable as a reference book to every library in the world. [New York: | D. Appleton & Ce. Forsale at the book- stores. ELECTRICITY UP TO DATE. The fifth edition of “Electricity Up to Date, for Light, Power and Traction,” has | just been issued. the contents having been revised to justify the title and the book voyage around Africa, and are intended to | illustrate the application of these princi- being enlarged and containing many new illustrations. The author, John B. Verity, able group of photos of peaks and valleys that have never been known before except i to prospectors and Mr. Solontons is prac y the first “white man”’ that has ever traveled from the Yo- semite to Kings River in the High Sierra region. A notable sketch map made by bim with many newly named peaksisa feature of the article. Macmiliaa & Co. announce a *Logical Method of Teaching French,” by Mile. H. E. Duriaux and E. E. Brandon, instructor in French in Ann Arbor University, Michigan. The method, which is based on a series of oral lessons given by Mile. Duriaux to classes both of pupils and of teachers, will consist, first, of a textbook for the use of teachers; second, of exer- cisesissued separately for the use of classes. Canon Ainger has undertaken to pre- vare an annotated edition of Hood’s poems, on the same lines as his selections from Lamb. The work will form two volumes of the Eversley series, the first contain ing all the serious, and the second a selection from the humorous, poems. The ms will be prefaced by a biographical and critical introduction, and the serious poems will for the first time be arranged in chronological order. ~ In the May number of The Century Miss Eliza R.Scidmore writes of the present aspect of “The Alaska Bounda ues- tion.” Miss Scidmore shows that the acceptance of the Cameron line, which is put forward by the Dominion Govern- ment, would not only take from the United States several rich mineral sec- tions, but its most unique scenic posses- sions. The Stikine River would go, which John Muir says is “a Yosemite one hun- dred miles long,”” the Taku Inlet, Glacier Bay, and finally, the great Muir glacter it- self. This would prevent United States steamers from landing passengers in this region, just as the Canadian excursion steamer nas been debarred for wantof a custom-house. 2 *John La Farge” is the subject of the new “Perifolio Monograph,” the author being Miss Cecelia Waern. The volume is fully jilustrated from the artist’s designs for church and housedecorations and from his water-color drawings, made in Samoa and elsewhere. Messrs. frederick Warne & Co., New York, announce that the forthcoming volume in *“The Public Men of To-Day Series” will be “‘Senor Castelar,” by David Hannay. They haye also in preparation a popular niographical sketch of *‘The Pope, Leo XIiI,” by Justin McCarthy. The same tirm is just_issuing “Lancashire Idylls,” by Marshali Mather. rs. Marshall has written a new histori- cal novel, which will be published at once by Macmillan & Co. It 1scalled **An Es- cape From the Tower.” g Dr. E. A. Abbott has completed his elaborate work on the Gospels, written for ttie new Biblical Enclyclopm edited by Sutherland Black. [t was originally in- sheepberders. MRS, E. BURKE COLLINS, [From a photograph.] tended to make this Encyclopa=dia one | large volume, but it is doubtful whether this will be pussible. Dr. Abbott has de- | voted the most extraordinary labor to the preparation of this work, which will un- | doubtedly be recognized as a contribution | to the subject of momentous interest and importance. It will probably appear in fuller form with notes as a separate book. | The Star Publishing Company, Chicago, announces the early issue of ““Camp Fire | Stories,” by Colonel Edward Andersor 12 mo; paper and cloth. Profusely illus- | tratea by Otto U. Lang. { The full title of Gilbert Parker’s new ro- mance is ““The Seats of the Mightv: Being tie Memoirs of Captain Robert Moray, | sometime an Officer in the Virginia Regi- ment, and afterward of Amberst's Regi- ment.” For the time of his story, which | is to be published by D. Appleton & Co., Mr. Parker Lias chosen the most absorbing period of the romantic eighteenth-century Lislory of Quebee. The action begins s0o: after General Braddock’s deteat in Vir- giuia, and the hero, a prisoner in Quebec, | curiously entangled in tne intrigues of La Pompadour, becomes a part of a strange history, 1ull of aayventure and the stress of peril, which culminates only aiter Wolte's victory over Montcalm. | Clement K. Shorter’s long expected “Charlotte Bronte and Her Circle”” will be published in October. As the work con- | tains much uveretofore uapub:ished mate- | rial, letters, etc., it is bound to attract wide attention. A new edition of “The Question of Copy- richt,” compilel by George Haven Pui nam, secretary of the American Publish- ers’ Copyright League, is in press ior im- mediate publication. The buok has veen tooroughly ravised and broaght down to date, aud new material has been added. An importaut feature 1s a full text of the copyright law of the United States, wiih the amendments adopted and cons:dered up to first of Mareh, 1396, and a summary ot the copyright laws at present in force turoughout the worid. Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. have in press “Historical Briets,” by James Scnouler, | author of “Tue History of the United States Under the Constitution.”” In this work Mr. Schouler treats of such subjects as historical industry, historical style, re- | search, testimony, grouping, ete. The vol- | ume will aiso contain essays on “Latay- | ette in Araerica,”” “rolk’s Diary’’ and **Our | Diplomacy During the Rebellion.” anda | bio raphy of the author. | R. W. Chambers’ new story, “A King | ana a Few Dukes,” will be published this month by the Messrs. Putnam. The col- lection ot short stories, jor the serial rights | of swhich Mr. Chambers 1s said to Lave re- | ceived $5000, will ve published later in the | year by the sume firm. 2 “ John Oliver Hobbs (Mrs. Craigie) has in preparation_a long novel, “A School for Saints,” which will be publ:ished, if not this autumn, certainly next spring. | Uuder the same titie the novel will appear | as a comedy on the stage at an early date. | A commitiee has been formed in Liver- pool to raise tunds ior the erection of a memorial to Mrs. Felicia Hemans, who was born in that city in 1793. Her tomb in St. Ann’s Churcu, Dublin, is marked with a small stone, and a tablet erected by ger vrother in St. Asaph’s Cathedral 1s in- scribed: “To the memory of Felicia He- mans, whose character is best porirayed in her writings.” it S The issues from the Bible House in New York during the month of March were | 79,141 volumes. ‘Ihe iscues during the | veer ending March 31, uot including those | issued in toreign lands, were 966,702 vol- umes. : “A History of the Warfare of Science Wit Tneology in Christendom™ is the | full title of tne important work vy the | Hon. Andrew D. White, which is to be | pubtished immediately by D. Appleton & | Co. In this book the author “simply tries | to let tae light of historical truth 1nto that | decaying mass of outworn thought whicn attaches the modern world to medieval conceptions of Christianity and which still lingers among us—a most serious barriar to religion and morals 2ud a menace to the whole normal evolution of society.” The spring number of Modern Art, is- sued this month, contains, in addition to two copperplate photogravures aiter John W. Aiexander's decorative portraits of women, a remarkable facsimile by the lithographic process of a pencil drawing by Charles Herbert Woodbury of Boston, which is now the home of the magazine. This is the first appearance in America of the artistic black-and-white lit.ograph, which is experiencing such a revival in Europe just now, and is the commence- ment of a series to which it is hoped sev- eral leading American artists will con- tribute. The number also contains an ac- count of how the famous * Kelmscott Press'”’ happened to be started, written by William Morris himself. *Adam Johnson's Son,” the new novel by F. Marion Crawiord, will be published during April. It will be illustrated oy an.| artist who went specially to Amalfi in order to catch the local color of the scenes | in which the story is laid. | A richly illustrated article, “How We Went to Europe on a Saving of Thirty Cents a Day,” by Professor Henry Hanby Hay,will be published in the May number of Housenold News, Pbhiiadelptia. The pub- lishers of this magazine talk of chartering a ship for a special trip direct to the- Isle of Man from Philadelphiz and return for the benefit of the Manx-Americaa people who will visit their native home, and for those who would like to spend their va- | cation on that beautiful island. { ANSWERS 10 CORRENPONDENTS. | LINCOLN AND JoHNsoN—P. L., City. It was Andrew Johnson, Vice-President, who sue- ceeded Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency. PALL MALL GAZETTE—J. S. A.. Ocean View, Cal Address your letter to “The Pall Mall Ga- | zette, London, kng.,” and it will reach there all right. Two HALF-DoLLARS—C. MeC.,, City. Thereis no premium offered for either 2 half-dollar of 1810 or one of 1812, the market being well supplied. AMERICAN PRESS AsSOCTATION — Syndicate, City. Whatis known as the American Press auocuuou has its headquarters in New York ty. INEBRIETY—Subscriber, City. There are phy- sicians in San Francisco who make a special study of inebriety. but Answers to Correspend- ents cannct advertise t in thisdepartment. MAGNIFYING—C. S., City. The liquid sometimes used for the purpose of magn g is distilled water put in a very clear tis obje glass holder. THE GERMAN NAVY—F. V. B., Yuba City, Cal. If you desire to obtain informtion in relation to the German navy you should address a com- munication to the Naval Secretary of Stete, Berlin. THE SOUTH PACIFIC—C. F , Langlois, Curry ! County, Or. A statement has been published to_the effect that the battom of the South Pa- cific Ocean 18 slowly sinking, but there is noth- ing to sustain that assertion. * CIVIL SERVICE CoMyIsstoN—F. C., City. The address of the Civil Service Commission of the United States is Washington, D. C. The presi- dent of the commission is John R. Proctor and the secretary is John T. Doyle. FIRE-ESCAPE—2. W., Oakland, Cal. Thereis neitber a State nor United States bonus offered for “a self-acting fire-escape.” If you have such an invention get it patented, and if it is practical put it on the market. You will find many ready to offer yon a bonus for it. THE SEAL Rocks—Subscriber, Strckton. The seal rocks and the seals at the Cliff in this City f the natural attractions that interest rs. There are two rocks which are irequented by the seais, but the number that ask in the sunshine there is unknown and it paper directory of the Pacific Coast fails to show the publication anywhere on the coast of California_“any publication devoted exclu- sively 1o the culture of the sugac beet.” There isa publication cuiled “The Sugar Beet” pub. lished in Philadelphia THE SILVER K M., City. The leading characters in “Tne Silver King” when pro- duced at the Grand Opera-house before its re- cent production there were: Wilfred Denver, . Coulter Briuker; The Spider, E. J. Holden ' elly Denver, Minna Glensoa. This was the produciion of Christmas, 1894. H N COUNTING IN CASINO—Two Subscribers, City. If in playing casino the players agree that the count shall be in the following order, cards, spades, big casino, little casino and aces, the points’ count in the order named, the first spade to count being the one that is of the suit of which there is & majority in cards. CarL0s 111—G. K., Lotus, El Dorado County, As you do not describe the coin you have in your possession, except to say that it is an old coin with “Carlos III” on it, it is impossi- ble to tell of its value, if it hasany. There were coins of various Genominations issued during the reign of Carlos LLI of Spain. SOUTHERN CALIFORNTA—F. W. Hall, Council Bluffs, Iowa. You can obtain all the informa- tion you desire about Scuthern alifornia by addressing a communication to the Southern California Bureau of the Califor: ia Boerd of Trade, San Fraucisco. NUTRIMENT—C. J. 8., Yountyille, Cal. The amount of nutriment in oatmealis in propor- tion of 100 as follows: Water, 15;albuminates, 15.6; fats, 5.6; carbonhydrates, 63; salts, 3. Any first-class book-dealer can furnish you & book on hygiene that contains tables showing lhe\lnmonn! of nutrition in various kinds of iood. NEwspAPERS—San Francisean, City. There are several newspaper .directories that give a list of all the papers, magazinesand periodicals published in the United States. Such may be seen at the libraries of this City, in newspsper offices and agencies for newspapers, of whioh there are several in the Merchants' Exehange building. °H Erocurion—0. L. H., Salinas, Cal. This de- partment cannot advertise “the best elocution school in San Francisco or vicinity.” 1f in- stead of signing your communication “A. L. H.” you had signed sour name and inclosed a self-addressed envelope for repliy, would have been pleased 1o send you by return mail the names of all the elocu teachers in the City. Tue PRESIDENCY—N. M., City. If a boyis born of German parents in the United States, though his parents were not naturalized as citizens thereof, he would, il he attained the proper age, be elizible to the Presidency, pro- vided he had not on_becoming of sge elected to adopt the citizenship of his fatner, and that et the time of his birth the father was not in the diplomatic setvice of his country. CORNELIUS GAGER—New Yorker, City. The question “Could you inform a New Yorker about Cornelius Gager, who died in California, where he died and what property he was possessed of?” is altogether too indefinite to admit of an answer. The State of California is very large, and uniess you can give an idea of the’ part of the State in which Mr. Gager lived the information asked for cannot be obtained. THE MoNADNOCK—Naval Reserve, City. There was an ironclad monitor called the Monadnock thet was built at the Philadelphia navy-yard, a vessel that was built of wood below the water line. She came around the Horn in 1865 _and after lying for many years at Mare Island her tilnbers commenced to rot and she was condemned. In 1874 & new Monadnock was commenced at Vallejo, but she was not completed until recently. A por- tion of the old Monadnock and some por- tions of her machinery were put into the new vessel. CHRONIC Cases—Stanford University, Cal There is no place in the State of California where a person without means can be treated for chronic trouble, unless it is in the county hospitals or some iree clinic for the poor, several of which are in this City. This depart- ment cannot advise “a young man where he | should go for trentment in a cese of chronie dyspepsia znd stomach tronble, nor recom- mend any sanetorium that wmlh:Jive benefits insuch cases,”” as it does not advertise any business, firm or individual.. SEMLIN—W. B, City. Semlin, sometimes written Zemlin, isa frontier town of Austria, in the Crotian-Slavonian frontier on a tongue of 1and at the junction of the Save and Danube Tiyers, on the right bank of the Dunube, oppo- site Belgrade. Ome of the few noteworthy edi- fices at this place is ‘the lazzareito. At that institution all travelers coming from Turkey are compelled to remain for a time—sometimes forty days—in proportion to_the violence and proximi.y of a plague. Semlin is the great seat of the TluirwA;umnn u'tnsitt_ n‘xl\‘le'.h lll’)‘l:i ‘;he‘ principal ferry for passengers from _the Jand of the Moslem to Christéndom. To OBTAIN A PATENT—F. J., City. The fee for a patent in the United States is $35, to be paid to the Government; then there is the fee to be paid to a hqu for drawing up plens, specifications und filing the ppers, which will amount to $40 more. The cost of patents in Canada is $40, England $100, Germany $100, France $100, Lelgiam $80 and Spain $100. To Information or the | Chamber of Commerce, both of Los Angeles, or | PRI Jor a patent in Austria $100, Italy 8100, Norway £100, Sweden $100, Russia £330, Portugal $40u, British Iudia $200, Australia and other British colonies ab: ut $206 esch. Auswers to Correspondents does not know of any way by which you can obtain a patent without paying cash for it, as the Government does not do & credi: business, uniess you can borrow the money from some cne. TEE POET LAUREATE—C. K., City. The most formidable opponent that Alired Austin, the new poet laureate, had was William Morris. Austin is a poet. dramatist, critic, essayist and journalist, and novelist as well. He was born at Headingly, near Leeds, May 30, 1838. His father was a merchant and a magistrate. Both parents were Roman Catholics. 1n 1853 he took degrees at the University of London, and he was called to the bar in 13 but he gave but small attention to the profession of the law. As a writer of poetry he is not considered orig- inal, but he can write a 200d poem to orde #nd that is said to be what is wanted of a man filting the position of poet laureate. MINING Laws: . 8., Chico, Cal. Copp in to prevent parties There is no provision of law from locating other ciaims on the same lode out- side of the first location made on the lode or ve: 1t & lode or vein 2000 feet in length is discovered two locations may be made. Abandonment of & claim isa matter of fact and of Iaw, and whether a locator has forfeited his Tights O not_under certain_circumstances is a matter that should be decided by the prope: authorities and not by a newspaver, The law requires that the necessary amount of assessment work on a mjnin cation shall be ge first within the year aiter Jocation and then after chat within the calendar year. PEDDLERS—H., City. A person who would go from house to house offering to sell oil paint- ings or other pictures wouid be s peddler within the meaning of the following section of the City ordinances: The term peddlers shall include all persors who shali carry from piace to pluce and sell, or offer to sell, any goods or wares, except religious publica™ tions, ‘newspapers. periodicals. water, nuts or matches; provided. that persous furnishing to licersed “retail dealers articles manufactured in this City and County irom hand or licensed vehi- cles, belonging to the manufscturers of_such arci- cles shalt not te deemed peddiers within the meaning of this section. Such a peddl not using & horse and wagon in the ness, would have to pay & 7 quarterly license of ¥ CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLE—S., City. When you sert for a fact that you know that the original and only Cleopatr: Needle is the one erec ed in Central Par! ew Yerk, it shows that you are not e careful student of archzology. Thothmes Il erected many obelisks; the old- est is that of the Atmelian or Hippodrome of Constantinopie. Two others which formerly stood at Heliopolis were subsequently reerected by Rameses II at Alexan- drin _and have been popularly known as Cleopatra’s Needles. One of these, which long lay prostrate, was after an ad turous voyage conveyed to London in 1 and erected on the Thames embankmert. The other, presented by the Kbhedive to the United States, was conveyed to New and set up et Central Park, the removal and erection being def. liam H. Venderbilt. ork in 1881 Xpense of its rayed by Wil- R. THE ATtoLls — C. F. Langlois, Curry County, Or. John Murray, in his theory of the Atoll or Lagoon Islands of the South Pacific Ocean, reverses the order of their growth as given by Darwin. He enters into a full ex- planstion of his resson for reaching the cone clusion he does in of the Coral Reef the island - building on the tops of volcanic islands which happened to be at the level convenient for the polyps. They would, of course, build up to the surfs of the water and then build outward. The corals, being dependent on the ocean for food, wouid thrive oniy on the outer edge of & fully formed reef, and those on the inner side of the reef wouid die out. Hence, iringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls, according to cir- | cumstances. THE TIME BALL—S. G., City. The dropping of the time ball on Telegraph Hill at noon each day is for the purpose of furnishing the zens of San Francisco the exact time once & day asgiven by the hydrographie office from the observatory at Mare and. A few minutes be- fore noon each day an observer takes his sta. tion at the foot of the mest on_Telegraph Hill and siands there watch in hand waiting for the hour of noon. J. T. McMillen, who is siationed in the office in the Merchants' Exchange, watches the instruments and at the proper time opens the connections between this City and Mare Island and Telegraph Hill, switch- ing them on at 11:55 o. ». Everything being in readiness, the transmitter being switched in, the signals are transmitted to vari- ous parts of the cosst, being heard in all the telegraph offices through which they pass. There is a small wheel from which certain second teeth are omitted. Thisisin operation until 11:59:50 A. ., which is the | 1ast signal it sends. “This gives time forswitch- ing in the time ball and clock circuits, and then no more signals go out until the instant of noon, when the signal lasting fora full sec- ond is sent; then the time ball drops. If there should by chance be any accident the man on the hill drops the ball according te the time as shown by an accurately set watch. THE ARMEMIAN CHURCE—M. H., City." Armenian church was probably establi early as the second century. In theology it at- tributes but one nature to Christ, and holds that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone. With respects to the seven sacraments it entertains the notion that at baptism one must be sprinkled three times, and as often dipped; that confirmation is to be conjoined with baptism; that the Lord’s supper must be celebrated with pure wine andleavened bread ; | that the latter before being handed round must be dipped in the former; and that ex- { treme unction is to be administered to ee- clesinstics alone, and that, immediately after, instead of before death. It believes in tne worship_of saints, but not in purga. tory. It exceeds the Greek church in the number of its fasts, and is es. geciu“y rigid in the observance of these, ut it has fewer religious festivals. These are more enthusiastically kept. In Turkey divine service is held principally atnight. Massis celebrated in the oid Armenian language; preaching is carried on in the new. Itssace erdotal constitution differs little from the Greek. The head of the church, whose title is Catholikos, resides at Eishmiadzin, a mon- astery near Erivan, capital of Russian Arme- nia. To this place every Armenian must make a pilgrimage once in his jife. The monks of this church follow the rule of St. Basil. The Wartabieds form a peculiar class of ecelesias- tics; they live like monks, but are devoted ex- clusively to learning. Secular priests must marry once, but none are at liberty to take a second wife. Missionaries from the evan- | gelical churches in the West have had much success among the Armenians in gathering churches and establishing schools and col- leges. The Armenians number 4,000,000, half of which are in Turkey. There are several ‘works on the Armenians to be had at the libra- rie: NEW TO-DAY. DONT BE DECEIVED! G.LEIPNITZ & C0., Whose Store has been known for the last 45 years as the Snake Dragstore, Are uow located at the CORNER OF SUTTER ST. AND GRANT AVE., A Few Doors Above the Oid Place. The parties now occupying our oid store, 236 Sutter st., are in no way connected with our firm, 80, DONT BE DECEWED! IRON BEDS, BRASS BEDS, Wire and Haiz Mag- ecitning 2‘,-"“""‘..;,.. Wheel Chairs, Commodes, Back Res:3 ‘W. A. SCHROCE, — 21— - New Montgomer. ST, ander Grand Hotel, 3. F.