The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 28, 1896, Page 8

8 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, JANUARY 28, 1896. TEMPORAL POWER OF THE POPE Vicar-General Prendergast Discusses the Subject at Length. CLAIM OF THE CHURCH. The City of Rome and Adjacent Territory Are Alone dn 5 | Dispute. | B | A SERIES OF LECTURES. They Will Deal With Church His- tory and Have No Connection With the Controversy. i = | | The first of the series of Midwinter lec- | tures under the auspices of the San Fran- cisco Educational Union was held at last night. ather Prendergast, Vicar- | Ge! s the speaker of the evening. | His subject was “The Temporal Power of | the Pope.” He said that the idea had | gone out that the meetings had been in- | spired by the controversy. That was not true. The idea of organizing a Pacific | school on lines similar to the Eastern | summer school and the New Orleans | winter school was decided on months ago. | “Indeed, so far as we are concerned,” | said the speaker, “it 1s unnecessary, Ior] the reading circles to come to the support | of our side of the controversy. “‘The lectures will be educational in their nature. If you came here for the purpose | of hearing povular and eloquent addresses | you have made a mistake, but if you have come to learn sumething of the history of | your religion and the reasons for your faith then you may not be disappointed.” | Father Prendergast explained that he | intended to defend the claims of the Popes | to temporal power. He said that the sub- | t was evidently an uninteresting one to | the American mind since ‘‘We in America | bave fixed ideas on the absolute segrega- | tion of ch and state. But Leo X1I1,8 | man of a vast wisdom, had not acquiesced | in the loss of his temporal right to govern the strips of territory in Italy, including the city of Ror v the church long held claim. i Father Prendergast spoke substantially | as follow | By the temporal power of the Pope may be | understood not only the civil sovereignty of | Pope in the states of the church, but also | nent sovereignty claimed by many fi = val Popes over emperors and kings. = persons seem 10 confound the two pow- er them so closely | E n of the one in 1870 initive extinction of the other. here is no necessary connection or inter- of the two powers. When the Pope rver the political affairs of nations in certain great emergencies, he intervened, not in his character of King of Rome, but in his character as supreme chiei of Christendom, the interpreter and executor of the higher law. | In effect, with one or two transient interru; , the Pope hed never been so completely g &s he was from 1570 to 1S70; yet during Jose three hundred years there was no inter- | vention or his part in the political affairs of | nations. On the other hand, the first recorded intervention of the kind antedated the posses- sion and recognition of the temporal sov- . The two powers, ther, are different, pose on different bases and have existed for | different purposes._One power had for its end guarantee the official liberty of the Pope as | supreme head of the church; the other to | ebeck the absolutism of kings and subiect | ven them to law—the Pope thus discharging a on in medieval times analogous tothe tion of the constitution in the modern Now, as the two subjects are distinet, and as each opens upon us & wide_ field for historical study and demands much time for its adequate treatment, I confine myself this evening to the | subject of the temporal power—or, better, the civil sovereignty—of the Pope in the ecclesias- tical states. ‘1t is note subjectto Sir up en- thusiasm at the present day, and the discus- | sion of it, &s necessarily in a large degree his- | torical, must be unavoidably tame. Withal it | is not a dead subject. On the contrary, it is living and important and of general inter For the temporal | p is not & matter personal to the Pope. | On the contrary, it has, as we shall see, a vital | bearing on his high prerogatives as head of the | church, on the sacred rights of souls, on the | cherished aspirations of Christien people, and, | stranee 1o say, on the first principle of politicaf | science in our day—the separation of church | and state In t st vear of our era, the year one, when Augustus reigned in glory over the mighty empire of Rome, a little boy was play- ing with other boys of his own sge on the sands of the Sea of Galilee or on his father's at moored near the shore. He was the son @ humble fisherman and his name was Simon. This boy was without friends, without | influence, without weaith, aimost without even & rudimentary education, He was'a child of | an obs amily in an obscure province, and the future that awaited hiw was to live like his r on the water. How wonderful are the e ighty! That littie boy was ivine min- to build & throne he throne of Augustus; to be the first in fue of world-rulers, strefching unbroken irom the day of redemption to the day of doam ; 10 establish a spiritual yet visible empire wide as the world and enduring as time. | In the fifteenth yesr of the reign of the Em- | peror Tiberius, successor of Augustus, when | tne little boy had become & man, & person who | had come down to the earth from his home of | it in the far-off ‘worlds pessed one day by lake and said to Simon: “Come and fo low me and I will make theé a fisher of men." And Stmon left all things and followed hisn. | He had been with him for @ year or two whe | this marvelous scene occurred: “And Jesus | came into the guarters of Ceserea Phxhptri,nnd | he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men | sey that the Son of Man is? But they said: | Some John the Baptist, and others some Elias, and others Jeremies Or oneof the prophets. Jesus saith to them, But whom do you say that I'am? Simon Peter answered and said, Thou srt Christ, the son of the living God. And Jesus euswering, said to him, Blessed art | thou, Simon Barjona, because fiesh and blood | hath 'not revealed it 1o thee, but my Father | Who is in heaven. And Isay 1o thee that thou | art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail | And I witl give to_thee the keys of | om of ‘heaven, and whatsoever thou | ghalt bind on earth shall be bound also in heaven, and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth it shall be loosed #lso in heaven.” (Matthew xvi) Jesus died and rose from the dead, and gave his apostles their commis- | sion 1o teach all nations. Now, where should the priest abide if not in the midst of his flock? And where should a bishop dwell if not in the chief city of his di- | ocese? And wiere should Peter, the pastor of ihe entire fold, and that fold the world, estab- | lish his primatial see if not in the capital of | the world—in Rome? Accordingly, when he nad tarried long enough in Jerusaiem and An- | tioch to organize the Church of Christ in East- ern lands, he turned his eyes to the West, and, alone or with only one or two companions and without any outward sign of his more than im- yerial rank, about the fortieth year of the Christisn era, Peter, a wayworn stranger, en- tered the gates of the Eternal City. Thus there were two high priests in Rome: Claudius, the Emperor, was the high priest of paganism (bigh priest was one of the Emperor’s titles), and Peler, as Christ’s vicar and in Christ's pluce, was the high priest of Christianity. The inevitable war soon begen. Peter was crucified by Nero and about thirty of Peter's fuccessors were slain by the successors of Nero. Emulating the example of their divine master those first Popes gave up their lives for the salvation of man and put on the martyr's Tobe. During the long period of the persecutions, that ,,,E,, about 250 years, the Popes, need- 0 ‘say, possesscd no temporal power, With the conversion of Constantine in the 313 & new era dawned on the church. cular, and & matter germane to our , the Christian Emperors clothed the ishops with considerable civil jurisdiction, for the reason that they, and they only, were iound to possess the moral and mental qualifi- cations for administering justice and otherwise | Consian | in Italy. | than the arms of the Lombards. | Great promoting the well-being of the people. On this point it is interesting to hear the Pro- testant Guizot.- In his “History of Civilization in Europe” he says: “From ihe fifth century the ciergy had powerful means of influence. They had become the chief municipal magis- trafes. “The municipal system was, strictly speak- ing,all that remained of the Romen empire; such were the vexations of despotism and the ruin of the cities, that the curiales, or mem- bers of the city corporations, had fallen into discouragement and apathy. The bishops, on the contrary, and the priests, full of life and zeal, naturally offered themselyes to superin- tend and manage everything. It would be ab- surd to blame them for it, or tax them with usurpation; the natural covrse of things would have it s0; the clergy alone were morally alive and vigorous; it became poweriul everywhere; such is the law of the unive And the Christian church has powerfully contributed since that time to the development of modern civilization.” In order to understand how the Popes rose from the subordinaté position of civil magis- trates under the Emperor to the emiuence of civil sovereignty in their own right, it is nec- rv to recall and place distinctly before our ds a tow events in the history of Italy from stantine to Charlemagne. First—The most important fact we must note is the transfer of the capital of the empire from Rome to Constantinople. This was by Constantine soon_after he hud em- i the Christian faith. I say this was im- 1t was preparing the ground for the he temporal power of the Pope. For, church and state are sepa- 0 by removing the capital of the empire to Constantinople Constantiné separated the capital of the empire from the capital of the church. Thenceforth, by the Emperor's own act, the one conspieuous figure in Rome and Ttaly was the Pope. Second—In consequence of the vast extent of the empire and of the pressure of hostile forces on its borders, upon the death of Con- stantine two emperors were appointed to rule it, one in the east and the other in the west. The empire was not divided into two—itre- mained a political unit; the government or administration on'y became s duality. Now, rate itis noteworthy that the emperors who rnled in the west "respected the precedent set Consfantine; they did not take up their residence in old Rome. They, like him, left Rome to the Pope; but they selected for their imperial dwelling-place first Milan and after- ward Revenna. Third—In the year 476, one hundred and fifty years after Constantine hed 1eft Rome for nopole, Western Europe was lost ir- retrievably to the Roman empire and became the pre; barbarian invaders. The last Em- peror of the West, Romulus Augustulus, & mere child, was seized by the barbarian chief, Odoacer, and_stripped of his title, and the im- perialinsignis were sent to the Emperor at Constantinopole. But as the empire was always one undivided organization, when the Empéror in the West had disappeared, the Em- peror in the East became de facto and de jure the ruler of the whole Roman world, and, therefore, of such parts of the fallen West as he was able to save from the domination of the barbarians. Thus itcame to pass that the Em- peror of Constantinople had a representative This representative was called an Exarch, or Governor. In the Emperor's name he ruled over such portions of Italy as the bar- barians had failed to conquer. Now, the Ex- archs, 100, made their home in Ravenua, not in Rome, for three hundred years, that is, from the iall of the empire in the West in 476, until the year 740, when the last Exarch fled to Naplesand Ravenna was taken by the Lom. bards. Fourth—Itis a singular fact that the bar- barians, too, never encamped in Rome. They were all irresistibly drawn to Rome; most of them saw it; some of them spoiled’ and de- stroyed it; but none of them settled within its wails. It seemed as if no secular power coula dwellat ease for any length of time in that city, which had become and was destined to remain through the ages the city of Peter. 1 have referred to the barbarians., These were tribes that for centuties poured over Europe from the East. Some of them gradually adopted the elements of Christianity and civilization; others retained their native cheracter to the last. Confiningour retrospect to Italy, that beautiful country was overrun by the Goths. the Huns, the Vandals, the Lo bards. The Pope was in Rome, the Emperor in | Constantinople, the Exarch—the Emperors representative—in Ravenna; the barbarians weré in Northern and Central Italy. Now, what did the Emperor do'for Rome, what did his Exarch do during the long and troubled period of the invasions? Those Em- perors of Constantinople were a curious lot. In their own eyes they were great theolo- | glons. They usurped the right to defend the aith; vet by a singular fatality they were alweys on the wrong side. They invariably embraced, abetted, fostered_every heresy that sprung from the’ subtle Greek mind, from Arianism to Iconoclasm, and they were more intent on persecuting the Popes and the Catho- lics of Italy than in protecting them against the barbarian foe. In fact, the Emperors did nothing to protect Rome; on the contrary, they oppressed it. “I cannot tell you,” writes St. Gregory the Great, “all that we have to suffer here from the Exarch. I will say in ome word that his tyranny does us more injury We almost prefer the enemies who kili us to the officers of the empire who consume us by their frauds and extortions.” The real defenders of Rome were the Popes. These Popes were of Roman blood and had the spirit of ancient Rome. They were all great men. They hadin their favor the prestige of | their high office and of their glorions deeds. Around them in the day of danger the people athered as children in fear around their ather. They became in spite of themselves and by the course of events civil, &s they were ! | | from her wings, with which she used to dart REV. EDWARD P, DEMPSEY, PRESIDENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL UNION, [From a photograph.] sweep over us; our sighs and tears are renewed every day. Rome isa waste—a wilderness in flames. Her inbabitants have vanished; her edifices are in ruins. “Once more,where are they who prided them- selyes in the monuments of her glory? Where is their pride? Where are the vain {‘lessnms which reveied within her precinets? What the | prophet says ot Judea has happened to her: | ‘Thou shalt be as bald as an eagle.” She is bald as an eagle, for she has lost her feathers— that is, her people. Her feathers have fallen upon her prey; her valiant sons are no more, who formerly covered ber with foreign spoil.’’ And 50 the mistress of the nations was laid in the tomb! In 740 the Lombard King, Astolphus, cap- tured Ravenna, the seat of the Exarch,and | the Exarch fled to Naples. This was the down. fall and end of the dominion of the Emperor | of Constantinople in Italy. It was then that, at the solicitation of Pope Stephen, Pepin, the father of Charlemagne, twice crossea the Alps into Italy, twice defeated the Lombards, and under the solemn sanction of an oath com- | pelled the Lombard King to restore to the church and to the Roman state the towns and territories he had seized. In 773 Charlemague, upon the invitation of Pope Adrian I, entered ltaly and_completed the work of his father, Pepin. He broke up the Lombard monarchy, consolidated and enlarged the temporal do- main of the church, and, before the aitar of St. Peter's in Rome, bound himself under oath to preserve to the church thfe states he hed re- | stored to it. ! It is an error to suppose that Pepin and | Charlemagne ¢reated and tounded the temporal | | | sovereignty of the Pope. That sovereignty had long exisied de facto. When the last frail bond that bound Rome to Constantinople was broken by the flight of the Exarch from Ravenna the slow work of centuries was con- summated and the Pope became the acknowl- cdged chief of the Roman state. Carlovingean | emperors effected simply & restoration. This | is their own languageand the languege, too, of | contemporary writers in narrating their inven- tion. | Gibbon, the historian, certainly an authority | frec from' even the supicion of partiality io the church, declares that the temporal do- | minion of the Popes was founded upon a | thousand yvears of veneration,and that their | grandest title to sovereignty was the free | choice of a people aelivered by them from servitude. Before leaving the history of the origin, de- velopment and final establishment of the fem: | poral sovereignty of the Popes it may be well to refer to what is known in medieval history as the Donatlon of Constantine. This is & pre- tended deed by which the Emperor Constan. | tine is made 0 grant to the Pope all Italy and all the western provinces of the empire as his civil domain. The deed is a forgery. It was unknown in Italy before the eleventh century and in France before the ninth century. Nevertheless, for several centuries after fits publication it was considered genuine, and | wes alleged as the historic basis of the Papal PAUL B. HAY, SECRETARY OF THE EDUCATIONAL UNION. | [Sketched from life by a “Call’. artist.] by the divine law religious, chiefs and rulers. And all this went on in Rome with_the knowl- edge and approval, sometimes at the pressing instance, of the Emperors st Constantinople. Instead of burthening your memories with many facts in justification of the statements I have made let me place before your minds two scenes in portrayal of the age we are reviewing. One of these scenes is the meeting of Attila and Pope Leo; the other is St. Gregory the preaching the funerel oration of the fallen city of Rome. It was about the year 450. Breathing double vengeance against Rome because of his defeat the preceding vear at the Battle of the Nations in France, Attila, the Scourge of God, was leading his Huns to- ward the Eternal City. Attila was a terrible man—terrible in appearance and terrible in his work of destruction—for he had trampled the world under his feet; but now he was to encounter a new foe, the like of whom he had never seen before. St. Leo, the Pope, with only two attendants, went forth fearlessly from Rome to meet Altila, the vicar of God to meet the seli-styled Scourge of God. Wonderiul to relate, the King of the Huns quietly retraced his steps and left Italy forever. The other scene is Pope St. Gregory, about the year 600, standing aloft over the far-lying ruins of Rome and preaching the funeral ora. tion of the empire in the west., “If we look around us,” he said, “‘we see nothing but mourning; if we listen we hear but groans on all sides. 'The towns are destroyed, the castles are overturned, the ficlds are wasted, the earth has become a solitude, There are no longer any inhabitants in the country, and scarcely any in the towns; yet still the rem- nant of the human race is béing struck down daily and without intermission. Some are dregged into captivity, some perish on the scaffold, others are massacred. Such is the spectacle our eyes are forced to look upon. Rome herself, the queen of the world, we see &l thet remeins of her. Bhe is overwhelmed under manifold and immense woes by the desolation of her citizens, the marks of the ravages of her enemies and 'the abundance of her ruins. Where is the Senate? Where is the people? Her homes are dried up, her flesh is wasted away, ail her worldly pomp and glory have depa; ; and we, the few who survive, live amidst alars; innumerable tribulstions sovereignty. But that thisspurious donation of Constantine had nothing to do with the sovereignty of the Pope is evident to any one familiar with the series of complicated évents which issued in the creation of the temporal power. In effect the deed was not forged until the Pope had aiready been king; the temporal power had existed before the deed existed, and the Popes never claimed the wide temporal jurisdiction over Western Europe with :i‘hlch that instrument would have invested em. The temporal sovereignty of the Pope lasted from 750 to 1870—more than 1000 years. In 1860 the Italian Government seized on the outlying proyinces of the patrimony of St. Peter and annexed them to the kingdom of Italy. In 1870 they comgleted the annexa- tion of the petrimony; Rome was taken by {,uly and the scepter from the hand of the o l‘?:w it is well known that the Pope does not #cquiesce in the lossof the temporal power. It is not that the kingly crown has any charms for him. If the possession of the temporal oWer were a personal consideration and noth- ng more, & personsl honor end distinction, the Pope no doubt would rejoice to be release from {ts preoccupations and responsibilities in order to give his time and energies, undi- vided, to the care of all the churches. But the Pope knows well that it is not a personal mat. ter, but one that involves the independence of bis office, and the right, divinely given, of iree communication between the father and his children. Indeed, paradoxical though it be, the temporal power involves the principle of the uF-uuon of church and state and the lib- erty of the religious and civil authorities in thelir respective spheres. For surely it avails nothing to assert and proclaim the usumncy of the state in the civil domain, and the su- rmnlcy of the church in the religious domain, f the state can effectually hinder the legiti- mate action of the church, or the church the Ieglumue ction of the state. Hence the man Who said, “Church and state must be united in Rome'in order that they may be separated the world over—the man who said_this was & man of large philosophic mind. But do not misunderstand him. When we assert the ne- | aaek | Government would powerfully ten: cessity of the temporal independence of the Pope as a condition of his spiritual indepen- dence, do not permit your imagination to run away with you, Do not conjure up a vastem- Blre, hmd & mighty army, and Popes like Caliphs. * No, only a territory just large enough for its purpose, a small territory, & religious District of Columbia for ail the states of the Catholic world, & sacred district belonging to no nation et belonging to-all, the peaceful home of the ommon father of the Christian family where all his children may draw around him, the safe place of assembly for the law-makers and high judges of the universal church. That is the idea; let us seeitit isa reasonable e a. With hardly an exception, bishops haye spiritual authority and jurisdiction only in one nation and over one peovle. It Isdifferent with the Pope. He has charge of the entire old of Christ, and therefore must exercise power and ruthority in many nations. At this moment it would be difficult to name acountry in which Pope Leo’s jurisdiction is not recog- nized and obeyed by some portion of the popu- lation, if not by all. Now, what will be the inevitable conse- quence if the Pope, who has authority in many nations, be the subject of one nation? If the Pope were a German subject, living in Berlin near the Emperor Wiiliam, think you the French would stand it for an hour? Or place the Pope in London, s good Enuglishman— Cardinal Vaughn for example — how long would Ireland be proof against the strain on her historic fidelity ? Or would the German Tulers tolerate the dependence of 15, ,000 of German Catholics on a citizen of the French republic and of Paris? Or, if there were war between Italy and France, and the Pope were a subject and citizen of Italy (which he now is would the French bear the Pope's rule becoming confidence and respect and sub- mission? Napoleon spoke for all governments and ountries when he said: ‘‘The Pope is not at Paris, and it is well he is not; neither is he at Madrid or Vienna, and that is why we endure his spiritual authority. At Vienna or Madrid they can say the same. We should thus be glad that he lives far away from us and that he does not live with our rivals. Ages have been necessary to arrange matters thus, and they have been well arranged.” To see the force of the argument substitute London and Berlin for Madrid and Vienna. If facts are required to corroborate thisview, that is, the unwillingness of & nation to be subject'in any degree to the citizen of another Datfon, the facts are ot lacking. Thus the Russian church was lon under the jnrisdic- | tion of the Greek patriarchs of Constaritinople, t when Russia grew 1o be a great country, with great aims, she wonld no longer tolerate any dependence on & man who was under the hund of a foreign power. Severing the old tie, she lodged the supreme authority over the Russian church, first in the hands of a Rus- sian patriarch, aiterward in the Holy Synod at St. Petersburg. For centuries the Greeks of the present king- dom of Greece were subject to the patriarch of Constantinople, but as soon as they won their independence they would no longer acknowl- edge him as their religious chief and they set up & supreme authority of their own at Athens, their capital. This reasoning, no doubt, supposes the pri- macy jure divino of the Pope over the kingdom of our Lord. But short of this supposition, the reasoning should be deemed valid and conclu- sive by those who deplore the sad divisions of Christendom and look for reanion. Who can desire to see¢ new divisions added to the old? But the civil subjection of the Pope toany to snap the bonds that now hold Catholic countries in the unity of the faith, and thus multiply the number of {solated and fregmentary Christian- ties. However, it is objected that as St. Peter had no temporal sovereignty, the Pope should have none. St. Peter certainly had no tem- round poral power: but they who take this orget to add that Si. Peter was crucified by Nero, the head of the Roman state. Now it might be a good thing for the successor of St. Peter to be arrested, imprisoned, exiled, martyred; but it might not be such a good thing for us, The sheep need a shepherd, & shepherd living and free. Moreover, the necessity of the temporal power is due to the rivalries and jealousies of nutions. This, at least, is only réason and an intelligible reason, for asserting its necessity. But in St. Peter's day and for centuries thereafter there were no rivalries of the kind because there were no nations. There was butone nation, the world- embracing empire of Rome. Another grouand of objection to the principle of the political independence of the Pope is the incompatibility between the duties of a secular ruler and the uties of the chief pastor of souls. This objection i8, I think, fatal to the idea of making the Pope the lord of an exten- sive state. Butwho has ever entertained that idea? As to the cares of a small principality, the Pope would be better off without them 1f other means could be devised to guard his independence and liberty in the spiritual or- der, but no other plan has ever been proposed for that most important end. The Pope, there- fore, must suhm?t to whatever disadvantages the temporal power entails for the sake of the paramount advantages it insures. But some one may say the Pope has no civil sovereignty at present, yet he seems to dis- charge the duties of his high office not only without inconvenience but Wwith unprece- dented independence and full apostolic lib. erty. To this I reply that the axutini arrange- mentis a hollow one, inasmuch as it leaves the Pope at the mercy of the Italian Government. What 1s this arrangement? In 1871 the Italian Parliament, then sitting at Florence, adopted the laws of the Guaran- tees, thus called because these laws were en- acted to secure the personal invioiability and official liberty of the Pope. Reduced to their true value these laws simply declare the per- son of the Pope inviolable, place offenses against the Pope in the same category. with of- fenses against the king, give the Pope the right of free communication with the Catholic world and the enjoyment, whatever that may be, of the Vatican and Latéran palaces. Now these laws read well, but they have one fatal flaw; they are laws of the Guarantees, but they guarantee nothing. Had the Parlia- ment of Italy secured to the Holy Father Rome and the Ager Romanus, or territory lyin around Rome, declared this new_ecclesiastical state invioladle, and, above all, placed the Pope and his small princigum( under the Loint protectorate of Euroxe then, indeed. the head of the church would have some real and per- manent security. As it is, the Italian Parliament can in a moment recall and abolish guarantees which dependl wholly on_ the good will of the Parlia- ment; and if ‘there were—I will not say war— but lnz grave complication between Italy and any other European power, itis quite probable the Jaws of the guarantees would be thrown to the winds if the Popesought to maintain, as he ought to maintain, an aititude or absolute neutrality between the two and, consequently, friendly intercourse with Italy’s uniriendiy neighbor. There is, however, s final difficulty in the way of accepting the principle of the temporal sovercignty ot the Pope,and to many it ap- pears to be the onl: imcul?, but a formid- &ble difficulty. It is this: If we long to see Rome restored to the Pope and the Eternal City once more and for all time what it has been for o thousand years—the capital 6f Catholicism— how ere we 1o reconcile the conflicting claims of the church and of Ital; Well, T trust I yield hardly to can say with truth that we the Italians themselyes in our -tion start a woman’s undertakin; admiration for their country and in our desire for its happiness and glory. Italy is the cradle-land of modern civiliza- ton and ner sons tand among the immortal men of all ages and all climes. Italy is the motherland of the Faith. It is the native land of Bt. Francis, St. Paul of the Cross, St. Philip Neri and other saints whose names are imper- ishable and whose spiritual children are every- where held in veneration. It is the native land, too, of the Gregorys, and the Innocents, and the Leos—of that firt Leo, who triumphed over Attlla and turned the déstroying torrent back on its course, and of another Leo, who, in the ninetesnth century, emulates his deeds. It is the land of the virgins and coniessors and martyrs of old, of the long array of heroic souls who suffered and died for Christ and conse- crated the city of Rome with their sufferings and their blood, and who now Beneath God’s throne repose, Nor to us their kind eves close, Nor thelr gracious ears. Italy can never be as great and prosperous a8 we wish it to be. But would the segrega- tion of a small part of her domain, would the existence in the interest of the world of a re. ligious District of Columbia within her borders be an injury to her ? Would it not rather en- hance her glory to have upon her shores the capital of Catholicism, and the father and pesceful ruler of moré than 200,000,000 of men ? Looking et the matter in a commercial light, would it not be a material advantage to Italy'to have, every year, thousands of people from all parts of the earth, many of them peo- le of means, passing over her historic soil | rom city to city on their way to Rome, to lay their homage before the Vicar of their Lord ? And thus in & very true and very real sense, Ttaly would always have Rome, i A IN PRISON AND HOSPITAL Members of the Woman’s Federa- tion Present Their Reports. Mrs. Bruner Says a Butcher’s Knife and a Saw Represent the Receiving Hospital. The Woman’s Federation held a long and lively meeting yesterday, at which enough grievances were aired to prove that the rain had not dampened the ardor of the reformers. Mrs. J. B. Bruner, the chairman of the hospital committee, gave a harrowing ac- count of a visit to the Receiving Hospital. ““The doctors were all away and only a lot of students were about the place,’” she said. *‘The boys showed us their instru- ments and saia that they were all very old and imperfect. They were hanging up, exposed to the corroding influence of the damp air. . “The head surgeon gets $100 a month and the man who drives the ambulance wagon $90. They need an operating-table, but the City is too pcor to buy one, sndl TOTTERING SCHOOL WALL, It Hangs Threateningly Over the North Cosmopolitan Schoolyard. QUESTIONABLE CONTRACT WORK Miss Mackenzie Says It Was Begun Leisurely, but Was Ended in a Rush. The protruding and cracked surface of | the sustaining wall at tbe North Cosmo- | politan School building hangs over the | children at play like a shadow qf death. To the right of the flight of stairs leading | from the yard up to the sidewalk the wall- | I front bends over considerably from the weight of the earth behind it, and large | seams have started, splitting the concrete an inch or more. i 5 Some months ago the yard was bitumin ized, but the bitumen has sunk down in several places rangingin depth from six inches to two feet. Around the foot of the stairs this feature is most noticeable, where there exists a cavity so deep that a smail-sized boy would have no difficulty in crawling out. 2 e Miss Margaret Mackenzie, principal of the school, said last evening: “The wall was certainly very poorly con- structed and has caused me a great deal of anxiety of late. I noticed that cracks began to appear in the wall along the girlg’ side about two months ago, but these have not increased very much in size. The wall, however, is low there and not so much danger would exist anyway. But on the boys'l‘ | Section of the Tottering Wall in the Yard at the North Cosmopolitan School. women, delizate women, have to be oper- ated upon on & table that a filthy China- man may have been occupying half an hour previously; and the operating-room has swinging doors, so that any one can lookinto it.”” ; “And not a woman about the place,” said Mrs. French. 2 “And any of us liable to be taken there, cried the ladies in a chorus. # The report of the committee on prisons contained some statements which the members of the federation earnestly ex- Lorted the press representatives not to ublish for fear of prematurely antagoniz- ing the policé. The statements were rela- tive to tY)e crowding of some boys into the | cells occupied by women. In the course of the discussion Mrs. Bates said she thought ihey treated dogs more kindly at the City all than they did human be- ings, for a stray, dog of hers had received every kindness and attention from the Police Department. Mrs. Eyster unrolled about four feet of manuscript, which she said she had re- ceived from a member of tne Civic Federa- tion, and would like to present itin the form of a resolution. “That comes under the head of com- munications,” saia Mrs. French. “Oh! No. It was a communication made to, me, a personal one, and I prefer to present it in the form of a resolution.” Having gained her_point, the treasurer of the federation read resolutions indorsing Philip and Mrs. Weaver, and urging that they be retained at the Almshouse. ““Mrs. | ‘Weaver is one of the highest exponents of | womanhood, she is on the same mental and moral plane with ourselyes, and she has cut down the expenses in the living at the Almshouse. The old people out there cost the county less than they used to do,” concluded Mrs, Eyster. Mrs. French said: “It is our place to find cut the truth of the matter. I know that a great many complaints have been handed in of Mr. and Mrs. Weaver, and though I have not investigated the Alms- house, these reports have not seemed very favorable to me. Do we know enough about the matter to take sides?” Some of the speakers who followed Mrs. French were sure they knew enough to take sides, others deprecated any action before investigating. Mrs. Eyster’s reso- lution was finally referred to the com- mittee on public institutions. Mrs. French read a suggestion from an ex-undertaker, proposing that the federa- TOOmS. The idea was hailed as a good business proposition, and Mrs. Bruner, Mrs. Patti- son and Mrs. F. P. Matherson were ap- pointed a committee to inaugurate and refi:rt on the feasibility of the scheme. Mrs. Eyster read a letter from a lady friend of hers. who she said, was in finan- cial strai The lady offered to give up the use of her furniture, as well sas her services, if the federation would accept the use of }mth for a headquarters. After a long discussion, in the course of which Mrs. Eyster stated there was only $22 in the treasury of the federation, it was de- cided to defer further action. - A <, o Y % Thndperpendicnllrity of monuments is affected by the rays of the sun. The heat on one side causes the material to expand. ———— The Gift of a Good Stomach 15 one of tne most beneficent donations vouchsafed 10 us by nature. How often it is grossly abused! Whether the stomach is naturally weak, or has been rendered so by impradence in eating or drink- ing, Hostetter's Stomach Bitiers is the best agent for its restoration to vigor and activity. Both di- gestion and appetlie are renewed by this fine tonic, i so_overcomes constipation, biliousness, | only about an inch wide, | man | took out some of the concrete, and finding | labor useless, owing to the worthless con- | | wi malarial, kidney and rheumatic allments and ner- Vousness. side where the wall is at least fifteen feet high, the cracks_have grown larger with | an alarming rapidity. When I first men- i tioned the matter to Mr. Henderson the | crack next to the toilet, rooms was but now a could easily insert his arm| withoutditficulty. The contractors, Thomas Brannon & Sons, dragged the work at first, and then when the time set for the com- pletion drew near they rushed along re- gardless of conscience. “‘In the first place I do not think that the earth drawn into the yard to fill it to its present level was tamped down nearly enough. This is the cause of the large holes” which appear in the bituminous- rock floor. : “When the large crack appeared in the sustaining wall the architect, Mr. Havens, it below the standard stopped further work on the grounds. ‘‘Because of this the sidewalk has never been laid, as the City considered such dition of the wall. “Then again, I have a strong protest to make regarding the manner in which the boys’ rooms, which extend under the side- walk, were built. The men who laid the | bricks there were entirely too economical with mortzr. And I have had some anxiety as to whether these rooms were sufliciently strong and substantial. ‘“But &t present we exercise a vigilant care oyer the pupils, and I have forbidden the boys from playing around these walls at all. “Fortunately we have a large basement to the school, which in an emergency of | this kind serves for a yard.” Mr. Henderson, Mr, McElroy and Build- | ing Inspector Kincaid examined the wall yesterday and pronounced it to be ina | very precarious condition. Mr. Hender- son remarked that all that kept it from ' falling was the staircase. WAS FILED T0O LATE. A Suit for Office Lost on Account of Too Much Delay. The "contest of William H. Carlson for the position of John P. Burt as Assessor of San. Diego County has been decided by the Supreme Court in accordance with the | judgment of the lower court, which denied the claims of Carlson. The election was held on Tuesday, No- vember 6, 1894, before the Monday suc- ceeding the date when the pre- cinct boards had made their returns and the Supervisors of the county had commenced to canvass the re- turns. On November 19 the result of the canvass was entered and on December 29 g;edcomvlaim against Burt's election was ed. The complaint was filed forty-six days after the board proceedea with the can- vass. The question then arose whether the day upon which the result of the can- vass was announced or the day upon which the returns were made was the | posubstitute. proper time from which to ocount the | e for Woma statutory forty days in which & contest is allowed to be filed. The Supreme Court holds that the “return day' of an election is the day upon which the returns are made, and consequently the contest was filed too late. Young Men's Gymnastio Clab, In his lecture last Friday night, Rabbdi Fryer of Bush-street Temple called attention to the fact of the necessity of organizing a gymnastio club. An attempt at o ization” will be made to-night at 8 o'clock at the auxiliary N g Sl 4 & PN 7 SRR ng Specialist, CHRONIC h DOCTOR S San Francisco’s Lead t, erand bowels: kidney of the biadder and urinary orzans, rupture, piles, varicocele, hydrocele and swelling of the glands. Loss or parilal loss of sexual power in either men or won:en, emissions, sleeplessness, mental worry, bashiuiness, falling memory und ail the distress- ing ills resaiting from nervous debllity positively anl permanently cu Gonorrheea, Gleet, Stric- | ture and that terrible and loathsome disease, Syph- ilis, thoro WRIT. eity and Addry zhly and forever cured. ur troubles if living away from the ice will be given you free of charge. L. SWEAN D. Examiner Office), San Francisce, Cal of Standard Shirts carried by all dealers. All the sizes and sleeve lengths to insure a good fit. No other shirt stock so complete. Look for the Trade Mark. NEUSTADTER BROS., Mfrs., S. F. $10 REWARD RS 2 % 2 % = = = = for any case of Catarrh or Rheuma- tism we fail to cure. Treatment by our own physician including medi- cine—$5 per month. ‘T'reatment by mail also. FERRY DAUG 0U.. 8 Market St. ADVERTISEMENT FOR SALE OF Kings Gm@y Bonds, JOTICETSHEREBY GIVEN THATS: AN proposals will be received by the un: up to 12 g'ciock M. of the 7th day of February, 1896, for the purchase of thirty-iwo (32) Kings County Courthouse Bonds, numbercd consecuti vely from one (1) to thiriy-two (32), both, inclusive, of the denomination of one thousand (£1000) doliars each, and payable on the first day of January, 1906, or at any time before that date, ai the pleasure of said county, in gold coin of theé United States, with interest thercon at the rate of four (4) per cent per annum, payable semi-annually, on the first day of January and on the first day of July of each year. Bon: nd interest payable at the office reasurer of said Kings County. ng been issued in conform e Board of per- dated December 3, 18935, 896, and under authority con- id board by the provisions of and Iin accordance with an act of the Legislature of the State of California, entitled ““An Act to Establish & Uniform System of County and Township Govern- ment,” approved March 24, 1893. None of said bonds wlil be s0ld for less than face value and accrued interest. nor shall any £ thereof be final or valid until apprcved by said Board of Supervisors, and the right is hereby ex- pressiy reseryed to réject any and all proposals. Mark envelope. Proposals for the purchase of Courthouse Bonds.” By order of the Board of Superyisors of said Kings County. W. H. SLA . County Treasurer. A remedy used exclusively by a physician of 30 years' experience. A positive and unfalin guaranteed cure for primary, secondary an tertiary cases of blood disease. No case in- curable. New cases cured in two weeks. 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