The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, June 9, 1895, Page 11

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, JUNE 9, 1895. 14 \ 0B, KRAUSKOPF T0 COME, R ’ ? [ The Eminent Hebrew Divine Will Visit This City Shortly. HIS LABORS IN THE EAST. The Rabbi’s Practical ldeas for a Solution of the Russo-Jewish Problem. Rabbi Joseph Krauskopif of Philadelphia, one of the noted American Hebraists, will arrive in this City about the 20th inst. The reverend gentleman will deliver his first ss at the Temple Emanu-El on the of Friday, 21st of June. Dr. Krauskopf, who is a gradunate of the Hebrew Union College of Cincinnati, has, by his aggressive and progressive ideas, together with his uncommon energy and > persuasive powers, advanced himself a very few years to the front rank among the preachers of the land. He hasnot confined himself to pulpit worlk, but in the belief that the church and ‘the synagogue should not restrict their influence to their own membership, has reached out and has so broadened his work as to make it of the highest influence to the greatest number. He is the founder of the Philadelphia Per- sonal Interest Society, which has accom- plished splendid work 'in _the direction of arousing an active interest on the part of the well-to-do in the welfare of their poorer neighbors. He is one of the earliest promoters of the h Publication Society, which has done good work in giving to_the world modern Jewish thought upon Jewish his- tory and Jewish literature. He was the first to take up the matter of model tenements in Philadelphia in the erest of those forced to live in the slums. ucceeded in raising a large sum, n to be used for the erection of el tenement in Philadelphia. 3, when the Russian persecution ws was at its height, he took the at the proper }\lacé forthe Russian 3 was R With that idea in view he decided to go to Russia for the pur- P pose of laying before the Russian ment " a plan to colonize the an Jews either in Siberia or in some other available part of the empire; undertaking, if the matter met with the approval of the Russian Govern- ment, to raise a fund of money from among the Jews of the world t0 bring this idea to a successful issue. Knowing that under the Russian law no Jew was agmitted into Russia, he made application through the State Department at Wash- ton for _special permission to visit ia for his philanthropic purpose. In e to Secretary of BState Gresham’s request, made to fhe authorities in St. Petersburg for such permission, the an- swer came that the request could not be granted. Dr. Krauskopf determined to go without such permission and to demand entrance into Russia as_an American citi- zen. His intention having become known A the matter was generally and widely com. mented upon by the press throughout the land. A bill was meanwhile introduced in Congress to the effect that unless Russia saw fit to respect the treaty and to admit American zens within her lines, regard- less of their religious beliefs, the treaty then existing between the two coun- tries should be abrogated. The Russian Government, evidently not caring to risk such an unpleasant controversy, deemed it best to offer no opposition to the admission of Dr. Krauskopf. As a zes interference and spent several weeks within the empire, was given an audience with the Minister of Finance, before whom he laid his plans. The Ministerreceived them most favorable spirit and promised to lay the matter before the Czar. Meanwhile the doctor visited the Jewish settlement and agricultural colonies in Russia, where he was surprised to find the very condition existing that he had hoped to establish. He found Jewish agricultural colonies numbering over 30,000 souls that d been founded during the time of Nicholas—nearly a hundred years ago. He found that in spite of a poor soil and no available water supplies, the colonists, by thrift, their industry ahd their sobri- ,, were prosperous and their history made it plain that large numbers of Rus- sian Jews were peculiarly fitted to succeed as agriculturists. Meanwhile, however, the Czar died, and no action was therefore taken. What Dr. Krauskopf saw in Russia so filled him with the merit of the idea/pro- posed that he is more enthusiastic than ever concerning the wisdom of coloniza- tion of Russian Jews, now forced into the over-populated pale of Russia, somewhere within the domain of the Russian empire; and it is_quite likely that he will persist in agitating the plan until some tangible result follows. As an outcome of his visit to Russia, he w proposes to establish somewhere near iladelphia a model farm, with a view of educating orphans and youths, regard- less of race or creed, into skiilful farmers, With such a calling he believes a bright future will be open to them. They will likewise be fitted to serve as superintend- ents of agricultural colonies, which are socn .to be founded on a large scale, in America and elsewhere. To help raise the necessary means the doctor devotes all his erquisites and lecture fees to the Model *arm fund, RELICS OF THE WAR, The Buler and Sand Box Used by the Captain of the Cruiser Harriet Lane. The Park Museum is to be enriched by the addition of a couple of war relics, around which cluster memories of one of the most heroic sea battles fought during the Civil War. They are a ruler and sand box used by Captain Wainwright of the United States ship Harriet Lane just prior e » Ruler and Sandbox Used by Captain Wainwright. [Sketched by @ “ Cal™ artist.) > to her capture in the harbor of Galveston. Nearly the entire crew lost their lives in the defense of the ship. The relics were presented to D. J. Staples of the Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company by Dr. Edmund Goldman of Santa Cruz, and Mr. Staples has decided to turn them over to the Park Commissioners. In talk- ing about the ruler and sand box Dr. Gold- man said: “Zbey were originglly iho groperty o he entered Russia without |2amed ahove, the unfortunate Captain Wainwright, who lost his life while in commanfi of the United States steamer Harriet Lane when that vessel was captured by the rebels in the harbor of Galveston. Every work on the history of the Civil War in this coun- try that I'have read thus far mentions the heroic defense by the officers and crew of the Harfiet Lane, who nearly all gave u their lives in that desperate stru; gle. Ad- miral Farragut, in a general (m%er to the squadron, paid a glowing tribute to Cap- tain Wainwright and those who served under him. No higher encomium can the historian bestow than the bare statement that a man sacrificed his life in defense of his country. For this reason the name of Captain Wainwright will ever be sur- rounded with a halo of glory, such as heraes are entitled to. ‘‘After her capture the Harriet Lane be- came the headquarters of the rebel com- mander of the naval defenses of Galyeston, who well knew my Union sentiments, but who never caused me trouble on account of them. His name was Phil Appel, for- merly a midshipman on either the Cum- berland or Congress, sunk by the Merrimac in Hamfiton Roads. While in command of the Harriet Lane he had used these articles, finally appropriating them to him- seli. After the close of the war he went to New Orleans, where I was then living. In return for some friendly services he pre- sented me with the ruler and sand box. Since that time I have held them sacred, and should never have transferred them to other hands had I not found in Mr. Staples a man well worthy of their possession and care.” 3 The accompanying cut is an exact draw- ing of the relics as they will appear when placed on exhibition in the park museum. THE POLICE CENSURED, The Grand Jury Comments on the Crimes Recently Committed. A Recommendation That All Officers Be Pensioned When Sixty Years Old. Probably the last executive session of the present Grand Jury will be held Mon- day night, at which time the final reading of the various reports will be heard. Itis now expected to present this report com- plete Wednesday, when the jurors will, figuratively, shake hands with each other and then pass out of existence as a legal body. Among the reports to be presented is one which is intended to shake up the entire Police Deportment of the City— from the Chief down to' the helmeted patrolmen. The report on the police department is a lengthy document, and it makes certain recommendations that are as remarkable as they are far-reaching. For instance, the police are touched up in a lively way for their apparent inability to cope with the numerous crimes recently committed, all of which have made San Francisco un- leasantly famous throughout the country. any changes are suggested, which, if fol- lowed out, will unquestionably add mate- rially to the efliciency of the department. Among the many recommendations is one that seriously affects a large number of officers. The jury favors the retiring of all corporals, sergeants and captains who have reached the age of 60 years or over. They believe that the service will be mate- rially benefited by filling such offices with comparatively young men. The jury, however, has been considerate in its rec- ommendation on this line, for it suggests that every officer so removed shall be pen- sioned for life. The report will probably create a stir in police_circles, for, outside of the matters re will be other items not. 16 the department. complimenta: — > —— TREASURES IN A BURIED OITY. Only Part of the Ancient City of Pompeii Unearthed. The view from the steps of the Temple of Apollo is one never to be forgotten. A weird and desolate, yet withal a beautiful panorama shows you Pompeii, the city of ruins, lying before you with Vesuvius in the distance, hazy as ever, sending its calm pillar of vapor into midair. The feelings of awe are succeeded by wonder and astonishment as closer inspection of the ruins discloses the skill of that time; one sees often conveniences and appliances equal in construction and ingenuity to those of a similar kind in use to-day, and naturally asks himself, “What have we been doing during all these centuries?” I learned that only about one-half of Pom- peii has thus far been_excavated, and that at the present rate of progress it will re- uire at least sixty years longer to uneartn the whole. Only about $6000 or $S000 a year are expended on the work. ‘The streets of Pompeii are seldom more than twenty-four feet wide, mostly straight from end to end. Indeed, this ancient town is quite American in the rectangular- ity of its plan. The pavement is, how- ever, quite un-American in its solidity, con- sisting of large, polygenal blocks of lava, set so firmly that after eighteen centuries the roadways are as sound as when laid. The crossways are slightly raised above the level of the trees and the nipping of the horses’ feet and the impact of the char- iot wheels are plainly visible. Z Curiously enough, the Pompeiian public iountai.n;oéandt ere are many of them still in g condition, ornamented with an intermingling of fine sculpture and grotesque masques) were fed from lead pipes which might worry a modern manu- facturer to reproduce. ~Moreover, the houses received their liberal supply of water through pipes of the same metal. saw many ‘‘cut-offs” constructed on thoroughly modern principles. Another point that surprised me was that the major I)art of the houses are of brick, very similar to that in use to-day; though the bricks themselves are longer and thinner. The well-preserved stairways lead from the ground floors to the second, and possibly third, stories, The corners and pillars are commonly of carved stone. The Pompeiian shopkeepers understood the art of signs quite as well as we do. Above an apothecary’s door, for instance, is a pair of huge snakes twisted into innu- merable coils, and the colors are as fresh as when first painted. Shops are to be seen everywhere, and show that much business was transacted in Pompeii. There were no windows on the streets, the life being concentrated in the interiors of their houses, and they often presented to the street a blank wall, which was decorated in %?y colors, principally red and yellow, with paintings and frescoes.—Demorest’s Magazine. Dog and Marines in a Tangle. A dog which was supposed to have been mad created a good deal of excitement at the navy yard yesterday, and it took a squad of marines some little time to finish him up. The dog was noticed to be acting strangely by Commandant Miller in the afternoon, and a squad of marines was told to hunt him down. They advanced on him in solid column, bui he retreated in good order, taking refuge among the cannon in the gun park. e was disl from there and again retreated, entrench- ing himself in Lieutenant-Commander Blucker’s back yard. : Here he was cornered, and in a brief but lively ennfimflnt took place in which Private Robinson was bitten in the hand and several panes of glass in the house were broken, and again the dog got away, and took relufie on the piazza of Captain Sand’s house. Here he wasatlast captured. Private Robinson seized him and, in agite of being again Dbitten, hung on, while McKay got a rope around his neck. The squad reformed and marched to the end of the shear wharf, where there was only a splash in the water to mark the end of the gallant fight which the dog had made against a whole squad of United States mflnw-mglll"fl!fi TALKED OF THE STARS, Barnard Tells of Telescopes and Puts the Heavens in a Screen. WON'T SPEAK FOR HIMSELF. An Interesting Lecture by the As- tronomer Who Is Yetat Mount Hamilton. AstronomerE. E. Barnard of Mount Ham- ilton on Friday evening delighted a large audience with another of his popular lec- tures on the science that has given him his fame. 3 He talked and displayed marvelous pic- tures in the auditorium of the Y. M. C. A, building, under the auspices of the Haw- thorne Society. This was the one hundred and twenty-third lecture or entertainment given by this society with intellectual aims. Before going on the stage Professor Bar- nard courteously refused to say a word about his present or probable relations to the Lick and Yerkes observatories. “Any announcement that is made must come first from the regents.,” he said. “I cannot with propriety say anything at all now. If I should say anything it would likely cause embarrassment, both here and in Chicago, and quite enough embar- rassment has been caused by what has been said already.” Professor Barnard began his lecture after the audience had enjoyed some musical selections, heard a few introductory re- marks by C. 8. Young and welcomed the speaker with cordial applause. The modesty of words and manners displayed by this famous young scientist is one of his most noticeable characteristics. His lectures are always extemporaneous talks Professor E. E. Barnard of the Lick Observatory. given ina simple conversational manner without any rhetorical frills, and are al- *| ways fully adapted to popular comprehien- sion. Last evening he talked first about telescopes, then about spectroscopes, and then about stellar, solar and lunar photog- raphy asa long series of magnificent pho- tographic views were thrown upon the screen. ‘A great deal of attention has been at- tracted at different times by announce- ments of new great telescopes,” said Mr. Barnard in opening. ‘‘First, there was the 30-inch telescope of Pulkowa. Then the | 36-inch telescope of the Lick Observatory was claimed to be the most powerful pos- sible. Now the Yerkes Observatory, it is claimed, will have the most powerful tele- scope in the world. “Much has been said of the prospects of that telescope. The 40-inch object- glass has been finished, and after being tested by Professor Burnham and others it has been pronounced perfect. Everything now depends upon the site, and it is be- lieved that the site at Geneva will prove very satisfactory. Steadiness of the atmos- phere is the most important factor in the use of a great telescope. This is more im- ortant than transparency of the air and it 1s often found on a level plain. The Yerkes Observatory cannot be judged in this way until the telescope is set up. ““Now comes the announcement that the German Government is preparing to set up a great refractory telescope, with an object- lass 44 inches in diameter. The ens has been successfully cast. It will have a feature not found in any other tele- scope. The objective lens is of Jena glass, which does away with the secondary spec- trum, the most objectionable feature of a refracting telescope. There has been much uncertainty and difficulty with this mate- rial, because it corrodes in the atmosphere. This difficulty, it is claimed, has been obviated, “The Chicago telescope is theoretically one-fourth more powerful than the Lick, and the German one-half more powerful, but we find that the blurring and destruc- tion of the image by the unsteadiness of the atmosphere increases with the size of the aperture, so that the two great new telescopes will not be as powerful prac- tically as theoretically. e Lick tele- scope will ever be a monument to James Lick, as it is the first of the great tele- scopes to make its fame. That at Pulkowa has done but little. The planetary, spec- troscopic and photographic work of the Lick Observatory will stand for all time.”” The spectrum and the lines characteris- tic of different substances which the spec- troscope reveals in the spectrum of aray of light were briefly explained with some of the wonderful discoveries de with the spectroscope, such as the duality of what had been believed to be single stars, the direction and speed of movement of remote visible stars and the detection of elements in the sun which also compose the earth. On this line Professor Barnard explained one of the most recent and interesting dis- coveries with the spectroscope. This dis- covery concerns the mysterious rings of Saturn and was made by Professor Keeler, late of the Lick Observatory and now of the Allegheniohser‘vatory‘ ‘Whether these rings, 170,000 miles in diameter, were solid or composed of innu- .merable particles free to move was dis- puted until it was demonstrated mathe- matically that they were within “danger limit” of Saturn, that is the limit within which no satellite could exist without be- ing torn to pieces by the force of the planet’s attraction. 7 “If these rings were solid bodies the outer part of the ring must move faster than the inner portion,” said Mr. Barnard, “and if they were composed of particles free to move, the inner portion would move the faster. Mr. Keeler photographed the spectrum of Saturn’srings, and as you see on this screen the lines are tilted in such a way that they prove conclusively that the inner portions of the rings are moving faster than the outer portions. Hence, the rings are not solid bodies, and Mr, Keeler has’ proved with the spectroscope what before had been only demonstrated mathe- matically.” The Io! series of photographs of features '3 the heavens, each of which represent® tiresome vigils by expert as- tronomers, which was thrown upon the screen, cannot, of course, be described so as to conyey any of the interest, delight a0d iniorpatiog 9. QR Who s5eo them, | planisw?] Many of those displayed last night had not before been showp in lectures by Mr. Barnard, and some, including Schaeberle’s photographs of the sun’s corona, ete., the speaker pronounced the finest ever made. \eondcrs of the Milky Way, the sun, nebulwe, comets, etc., which photography has revealed, were shown in rapid succes- n. Onewas a photograph of the sun made with the separated rays from cal- cium there, and one which was simply beautiful the speaker called a “poem—the old moon in the new moon’s arms,” the darkened vortions of the moon being faintly and weirdly illuminated by reflected light from the earth. 3 rofessor Barnard spoke of “things of the nature of which and of the laws of which the human mind can form no conception."” —_— e A Tribute to Mayor Sutro. Last week Mayor Sutro; who has traveled in Switzeriand and is a warm admirer of Swiss character and institutions, presented to the Helvetia Verein, a benevolent, social and in- surance society ot this Cityland branch of the Nordomerican Gruetli Bund, a life-size and elegantly framed photograph of himself. The photograph was accepted at the regular meeting of the Helvetia Verein by the tollow- ing resolution: Resolved, That we. thankfully accept the likeness presented by his Honor Mayor Adolph Sutro and warmly appreciate the compliment to this soci nd the Swiss people in the gift; that we order the same placed on the wall of our hall as & constant reminder to us that our proceedings shall ever bo characterized by the conspicuolls love of truth and justice of the distinguished donor. NOT A LITERARY AGE. Why Is Trauslation a Neglected Art Nowadays ? Calling attention to the fact that the closing years of the nineteenth century have made us more cosmopolitan in many respects than we ever were before and that politically and socially the same sense of human solidarity is growing all the time, a leading journal has some perti- nent remarks to make concerning the inadequacy of contemporaneous literary translation and is especially severe upon slipshod translations into English. I3 says: “‘The simple fact is that the qualifica- tions of a translator are set far too low, both by his employer and the public. The long-suffering public, of course, has to take what it can get, is to apathetic too de- mand better workmanship, and easily grows accustomed to the hackwork that dulls the taste and deadens the literary sensibility. As for the employer, the pub- lisher, he finds a ready sale for the cheap product, and hence does not offer the com- pensation that good work ought to bring. Of course, he has a moral responsibility in the matter, but he is not likely to care for that when his pocket is concerned. **Any young person with a smattering ot French or German and a dictionary to help him out, feels competent to become a translator, it never occurring to him _that the cultivation of an English style is the tirst requisite of all; while the average ablisher shows that he accepts this view gy refusing to pay for translation any sum that a competent workman, the real mas- ter of two languages, can possibly accept. Of course honorable exceptionsto thisrule may be found here and there, and equally, of course, good translations will now an: then come from persons actuated not by self-interest, but by a deliiht in good work- manship for its own = But the con- ditions that fix the existing standard of translations are still mainly of the hard commercial kind, and until they are in some way modified the standard will re- main low. It is possible that the art of translation may rise from its present disrepute, but the process will be slow. Cause for hope- fulness may be found in two facts. e first of these facts is that the copyright act of 1891 for the first time gave the foreign writer some measure of control over the American publication of translations of his work. He has it in his power to_secure an adequate translation and to-pre-empt the market for it. Unfortunately he does not always know a good translation from a bad one, and even if he does, may find it diffi- cult to secure an efficient translator for his work. Possibly he may come to learn by experience how immeasurably his reputa- tion suffers from blundering translations and take measures to secure himself against them. “The other cause for hopefulness is in the fact that an immenee expansion has taken place of late years in the modern language departments of our educational institutions. The languages of Europe are gursued in the scientific and literary spirit v an increasing number of students every year, These students will make most of the translations that will be read by the coming decades. It is not too much to be- lieve tfint their better methods and fuller knowledge will make itself felt more ana more as the years émss, and their efforts may cause a marked elevation in the cur- rent standard of literary translations,”’— The Dial. e ANOTHER MYTH EXPLODED. The Story of Jackson’s Cotton-Bale Breastworks a Mere Fiction. There are few of the schoolboys of sev- eral generations preceding the present who do not remember being taught that Gene- ral Jackson won the battle of New Orleans by throwing up a breastwork of cotton bales and meeting the British assault be- hind them, says the Boston Herald. A dramatic account of this was in all the school histories and several others, and the novelty of the affair appealed vividly to the imagination. The cold facts of later history prove this all to have been fiction. Henry Adams, in his history of Madison’s administration, describes "the battle of New Orleans and mentions no such feature. McMaster, in his latest volume, refers to the story in a note only to say that there were two or three cotton bales used in one place, and they were either set on fire or knocked out at once. Jackson’s line of breastworks was of earth irregularly thrown ug and of varyin, height along ~its length. The train sharpshooters of the West did great work as marksmen behind it, and so galled the heayily laden British troops that they had no alternative but to be shot or retreat be- fore the American line. The schoolbook story used to be that the Americans _lost six killed and seven wounded. McMaster places the figures of killed and woundea at seventy. The Brit- ish, it seems, were not all repulsed accord- ing to the popular story. The right line of thé American troops was driven in, and the British left advanced a mile in the rear of Jackson on the way to New Orleans. He was really flanked by this success, but the terrific slaughter he inflicted upon the British in the center, involving the death of the first and second generals in command, completely dispirited them and induced the return of that wing of their army that was on the way to the city. — e -———— Fire Dangers Lessened. A thermograph, by which the tempera- ture of every room in a great building can constantly be watched by the janitor, thus decreasing the fire risk, has been invented and is being placed on the market. It is adapted for the use in cold-storage houses, public buildings and greenhouses. The device consists of a cabinet containin, an electric switchboard, dials and pnsfi buttons to be connected with specially con- structed Sthermometers placed wherever desired. The object of the device is to en- able the janitor to find the temperature of any room of a large building without mak- ing a tour of inspection. 5: moving the switch to the number on the board cor- responding to the room of which he de- sires to know the temperature the hand will point to the temperature on tke dial thatis registered by the thermometer in the room. A fire alarm attachment is so arranged that when the temperature in a room reaches 100 it sets in operation a 10-inch vibrating gong located where it will attract attention. Such an apparatus installed in a nursery or greenhouse can be arran, to give the alarm when the temperature of any department has been reduced to a degree which is igj\uiom to biladsinhia Besaig HELIUM AND ARGON NOW, The Discovery of the Former Due to a Lucky Accident. TWO0 NEW ELEMENTS ADDED. Some Interesting Scientific Goss on the Latest Acquisitions to Chemical Knowledge. Projessor Ramsay’s discovery of helium is due to a lucky accident following upon the happy blunder of an American chem- ist. W. I. Hillebrand in 1892 contributed to the Bulletin of the United States Geo- logical Survey a monograph on the occur- | rence of nitrogen in uraninite—a general name for minerals containing uranium. He thought he had obtained nitrogen, and the tests he made show that he had it. But had he pushed his experiments further and with increased care he would haye discovered that the nitrogen he haa came not from the uraninite, but (probably) from the atmosphere, says the London Chronicle. The method he used will not elicit nitro- gen. Nevertheless, ‘“Bulletin No. 78 of the American Geological Survey gave to Professor Ramsay the necessary hint, and he acted upon it promptly. His, search was for argon, and he got it. But he got something more. The mineral with which he first experimented was, as we stated on Saturday, cleveite, a rare Norwegian min- eral found sparsely in the felspar of Aren- dal. It occurs in small ery ke knobs, easily disengaged from their surroundings. In’ appearaiice it resembles plumbago, but is harder and more metallic. Its full chemical history has yet to be explored, but its richness in argon and helium is such that a very small portion of it finely powdered and treated with dilute sulphuric acid will produce no less than seven meas- ured fluid ounces of the compound gases. The argon and helium rise rapi almost immediately in tiny buhb?es, hi break at the surface and can easily be caught. Professor Ramsay saw at once that he had some gas and was eager to ‘“spark” it—to run the electric current through it—and to read it on the spectro- scope. To his surprise he discovered two things, one of which has not yet been mentioned, though its importance is enormous. The argon lines were not quite the same asin the spectra of argon obtained from the atmosphere—a point” which may lead to new discoveries. But, most as- tounding of all, he discovered the yellow line which has not vet been yielacd by ”’.f known earthly substance. he yellow band of the spectrum bas an almost romantic interest attached to it, since it represents, if an error has not been made, the highest and lightest gases in the sun’s atmosphere. The heavier metals— lead and iron, for instance—lie low down on the surface. The lighter elements—hy- drogen, for instance—are high up. Helium is found in the gaseous solar atmosphere higher up than hydrogen. The strata in the glowing mist of the sun’s envelope, which Mr. kyer named D1 and D2, are lines of sodium. Above it was found the yellow yielding gas which he called D5. It is this gas which Professor Ramsay is be- lieved to have discovered. Is he too hasty? Is he premature? Professor Crookes, as we have already announced, is pretty pos- itiv He has measured the spectrum again and again. The solar ssectrum and the earthly spectrum are identical in his opinion. He is confirmed by oneof the most_eminent and cautious of French servants. M. Cornu bas no superior as a spectroscopist. He also has made measurements, and says ‘“‘Amen” to Mr. Crookes. Mr. Norman Lockyer on the other hand exhibits the atient skepticism of the philosopher who as learned to wait upon the clouds for nights together for a glimpse of the star, That yellow band in the spectrum is some- thing extraordinary, he avers; he is deeply interested, but he” will not commit him- self until he is satisfied. Mr. Norman Lockyer will not yet say helium. 1t will be observed that helium atjthis particular point of human knowledge is simply a yellow band in the spectrum. You can see it there; you know it has come from a gas out of cleveite—you know no more. It has not yet ever been dissoci- ated from argon, and nobody yet knows how it can be dissociated. We have never seen it by itself. To use Lord Salisbury’sy adjective, it is merely spectral. But Pro- fessor Ramsay is eager to get again to work upon it,so eager that he grudges himself his brief and hardly earned holi- day in Scotland. ast week he was in Paris, where, he was dubbed *‘Pere de I’Argon.” and where he received the Leblanc medal of the So- ciete Chimique, a lovely work of art, and historically interesting, for it dates from the year 2 of the Republic, and so boasts on its face. When he comes back to Gower street, the professor will have all his students hard at work upon argon and helium. His enthusiasm is infectious and some of them are nearly as excited about the matter as he is himself. There is no doubt the work will go on rapidly when it begins again. Why, the very boilers of University College have been laid under contribution. Argon, you should under- stand, is thrice as soluble in water as or- dinary nitrogen. It follows that air from a boiler will give twice as much argon as the airin a room; and discovering this fact Professor Ramsay has got the boiler air 1o work with and will speedily have as much argon as he needs. Nor is there much fear of want of helium. See, here is a_morsel of pitchblend, a fine supply of which has lately been discovered in &mwal], s0 that it is now obtainable by the ton. It hasnot yet been tried, and we will try it. We will not even powder it— just pour a little sulphuric acid and water upon it, heat it slightly over the gas, and watch the effect. Ah! T thoughtso. Do you see those pin-point_bubbles rising in the tube, few at first and slowly, but anon with a multitudinons rush? Of course, it would be absurd to say what those bubbles contain; they have been neither collected nor observed, but, reasoning from analogy, and with some imprudent haste, I have little doubt that here we have argon and helium again. And, though he would not state so publicly, for scientific men are canny creatures, fdoubt not that Professor Ramsay a; S, It is, at all events, a case in which hope amounts almost to conviction. If the hope be_justified we shall soon know all about helium. It may take a little while to dis- cover a compound which will separate helium from ltio;l and enable the one to be tested apart from the other; but the lines of investigation have already beee laid, and we hope before long to be able to lay the results before our readers. {(eanwhfle the investigation of the prop- erties of argon is gnlnF on m&idly—-soma people thing too rapidly—and M. Berthelot may have stepped in too soon when he proclaimed the other day in Paris that the idle and lazy substance was ready to combine Wwith vapor of benzine and to roduce a gummy com- und which may one day possibly though_ mnot probably{be of commercial value. It was noted by those who were watching carefully that Lord Ral%xfh, in his charmingly delivered and lucidly ex- ressed address on argon at the Royal In- stitute on Friday night, bowed his head to M. Berthelot's unquestioned authority, but offered no personal confirmation. He has proceeded far in experiments with acetylene, but he would say no more than tha{ there was some reason to sus- pect affinity between it and argon. Profes- sor Ramsey also—though willing to give .every credit to M. Berthelot’s discovery— declines yet to say that argon will com- bine. If,” however, it is found to do so wiél e&h:r us: r of be:;;xn:; (;;‘W':tuh %» fulfilled. It will not prove to be the most powerful explosive known. Argon-ben- zine gum is quite harmless. Argonized ac%‘ylme might be given to a baby to play with. There is one other point about argon that has yet to be made. It is still doubt- ful—though the doubt is small—whether it is monatomic or diatomic. The question is almost settled in favor of the mouatom- ous conclusion. Not so the second prob- lem, whether argon is one thing or two things—a simple element, or what we have hitherto known as atmospheric nitrogen two elements. As atmospheric nitrogen was mixed with argon, so argon may turn out to be a mix- ture. The varying spectra as between the argon obtained from the atmosphere and the argon obtained from cleveite would seem to indicate a compound., What makes these and otherinquiries so interest- ing is not only their intrinsic importance, but the enormous new fields of investiga- tion which are being opened up. Students who are hardly yet old men remember being taught at college that there were sixty known elements. To-day there are more than seventy, and when twonew ones are announced within a period of little more than seven months, and each of them seems likely to lead to the discovery of others, it is'hardly too much to ar pate as one of the consequences of the discovery of argon and helium the possible creation of an entirely new chemistry DUPONT'S ARMY CAREER. Had the Best Equipped Battery in the Service. In 1861 two classes were graduated from the United States Military Academy at ‘West Point, At the head of the first stood Henry Algernon Dupont of Delaware. Graduating, as he did, first in his class, Henry Dupont could have gone into the corps of engineers. But he could not sit in an easy chair and well-carpeted office with a war going on at the very city’sgates. So Dupont declined the commission in the swell corps of engineers and chose the ar- tillery instead. He gave up his graduating leave of three months and joined his battery. His com- manding officer w: fine old-time soldier, whose zeal had been nearly dry-rotted in thelong, dull wait for promotion for twenty years. Dupont wanted a command of his own. In the early autumn of 1861 he at- tained the height of his ambition, the com- mand of alight battery. He was scarcely more than 21 then, but he had the finest six-gun battery of twelve-pounders in McClellan’s army. And such Ihorses! The Government needed both zeal and friends, but friends particularly. Delaware marked the southwest border line of slavery. Simon Cameron was_Secretary of War. The Duponts had been Democrats for three generations, but they put the Union above party then. So, when old General Dupont, a veteran of 1812, came into the Secretary’s office with a slender, well-set-up, black- eyed youth, one day in September, 1861, and said, “Cameron, I've a favor to ask of you!” the Secretary answered, “It’s granted in advance.” The favor wanted was dpermission for the young gunner to add $25 or $50 out of his own ocket to the sum allowed for artillery horses, in order that his bat- tery might be horsed as he wanted it, and as, two months later, that battery went by, the general commanding, at the trot, in _double column of sections, every one of its 156 horses a blooded bay, the handsome boy heading it was called up to receive the compliments of General Mc- Clellan and of the venerable General Scott himself, he bowed low with gratified pride when General McClellan said: ‘“Yours is the handsomest bpattery, the best horsed and equipped that I haye ever seen, Mr. Dupont. I know it will give a good ac- count of itself in action.” Well, it did. Dupont’s men knew that whatever money would buy for their com- fort they were sure of, but they also were aware that in action they would have the post of honor—that of the greatest danger. ‘Within the year the two famous “gun- ners” in America—as the light artillery is called abroad—were Captain Henry Al- ernon Dupont of the Union Regular rtillery and Major John Pelham, his old- time classmate, of Stuart’s Horse Artillery. Dupont and Pelham fought their guns alike; they both pushed them right out on the skirmish line. At all the great battles in which the Army of the Potomac were engaged the ring of Dupont’s brass twelve-pounders were heard. He was breveted four times for ‘‘distinguished services and gallantry in action.” ~ When the war closed he was a brevet colonel and brigadier-general. He could have had the actual rank three times, but he would not leave his guns—the guns he had made famous on twenty stricken fields. Justafter Chancellorsville, when Merritt and Custer were jumped, one from first lientnant, the other a captain, to the rank of brigadier-generals, Dupont was offered the same grade. ‘Nol” he said; “I'll stick to what I understand best.” When the war closed and peace was made, Henry Algernon Dupont hung up his sword and took up the business of the great powder factory.” At his princely home on the Brandywine he dispenses the most charming hospitality to old comrades who were in front of his gunsand those ‘who supported them.—Washington Post. ———— - PHOTOGRAPHES IN COLORS. - One of the Methods Explained by Its American Inventor. Professor Frederick E. Ives of Phila- delphia explained to a large and distin- guished gathering of scientists recently at the American Museum of Natural History his discovery of reproducing by photog- raphy the natural colors of objects. This has long been the dream of science, says the New York Times. Professor Ives illustrated his lecture by many beautiful color photographs. He first outlined the latest discoveries in rela- tion to light and light rays in general and then by experiments in separating and combining the elementary and compound colors showed the theory he had followed in reaching his discovery of the secret of color pho(ofiraphy. In plain language, this astonishing re- sult was achieved by photogtaphing the object chosen on the most modern and sensitive plate through three different- colored glass slides—red, green and blue- violet. The object was first photographed through one, then through another, and then through the third. Each colored slide took up its own spectrum colors, and when the three plates are over the other, and looking in a stereoscope through the three plates, there was seen a resultant photographs of the object chosen with all the natural colors retained. Professor Ives next explained how, by mirrors and other devices, he had pro- gressed from this initial stage in the dis- covery to the making of his photochromo- scope camera, which makes at a single exposure on a commercial] photographic sensitive plate the three pairs of images for combination into the color photograph. Then he explained his stereophotochromo- scope, by which the color photograph is translated to the eye, so that the very object photographed appears to be seen througn it. He caused some of his color-photographs to be thrown on a large screen. 'Fha natural colors were wonderfully repro- duced in all their variety. His typical oolor-photogra})h was of a basket of guit. Another was of a vase of flowers, and there were many beautiful color-photographs of scenery in the Alpsand in the erican Yellowstone Park. Finxll{, Professor Ives described the method by which he had succeeded in per- manently fixing natural colozs in a photograph. This was a mechanical pro- cess, and not a direct dpm! of light trans- fixture. In brief, as described, it consisted in developing three negatives of the three main colors, and, then_ pasting the three together, the result being, however, a photograph of complementary colors, and not the original full natural colors. The basis of the whole process, Professor Ives pointed out, was the now perfectly de- termined laboratory measurements of the mixture of spectrum colors. He indicated further that his color protographs would color-blind, for - the reason, among others, that the so-called green seen by the normal eye is not the refi elementary green, the latter being observable only by the color- blind. At the close of the lecture those in the audience were given an opportunity to see Professor Ives color photographs through his own special instruments. ELEPHANT WAYS. A Traveler in the Far East Talks About the Big Beast. Nothing but s ride on an earthquake could be compared to the sensation of being run away with by an elephant. Nothing stops his wild rush, and he does not swerve for an obstacle, but he goes straight at it. A few shakes fling off everything on his back, and the rider has but a second or two in which to make up his mind which overhanging branch he will cling to, or if he will risk throwing himself off. A broken neck would be the certain consequence of remaining. As for stopping him, somebody has well said that you might just as well try to stop a run- away locomotive by pulling with your walking stick on the funnel as to seek to check an elephant at such a moment with agoad, writes Henry Norman in the Phila- delphia Times. By stroking an elephant’s lip in a cer- tain manner you can make it purr like a huge grimalkin, till the earth shakes be- neath” your feet. When it is afraid or angry it squeaks like an unoiled hinge. But ‘when it suddenly jumps aside like a flea, you imagine for a_moment that the ultimate terrestrial cataclysm has gone off. The Malays never wholly trust their ele- phants, and were nervous at my familiaris ties with mine, a sweet-tempered old fe- male, on whom I rode hundreds of miles, During the midday halt I %sed to call her -up, and she would come and stand with one foot on each side of my chest as I lay on my back and fed her with bananas. T was never angry with her but once—when she tried to kill the cook. On one occasion a little elephant of oZr party, running behind his mother, teased her beyond endurance and she turned and gave him a shove that landed him feet uppermost at the bottom of a deep brook. For two hours he screamed like a steam whistle, while we were all engaged in get« ting him out. Every night when we reached camp and the loads were taken off each driver would hobble his beast by tying his front legs together with rattan, so that it could only hop with both together. Then a huge wooden bell was hung around its neck and it was turned loose to wanderin the jun- gle. AIl night long the faint dong, dong of these bells made a mournful noise around the camp. Atdaybreak each driver tracked his elephant by the sound, often going many miles for him. The elephant is in some respects a stupid beast, and many of the tales of its sa< §ucity are apocryphal, yet it sometimes oes very strangely intelligent things. Once a tiny elephant got jammed in be- tween the parts of a heavy tree trunk that had been cut in two to leave a passage on the road. Its screams brought back its mother from ahead. Sheins{\ecled it care- fully for a moment, then walked a dozen steps backwards and, lowering her head, charged straight at it, shooting it out as i? it had been fired from a gun. Now, she must have seen that, although the little one could not move either qu\;, there was really room for it to getthrough, If there had not been her charge would have mashed it as flat as a pancake. How to Move Books. There never wasa more ingenious invens tion of the Evil One than the direction ta pack books in_barrels because they could then be moved easily. The books which survive such transportation are fit only ta adorn the lumber-room. An experience gained in many flights leads to the advice to distribute books, ag far as possible, or to pack them in small boxes. 1f these boxes are obtained from a grocey line them with paper, being sure first of all that there is no substance which would be likely to attract insects adhering to the sides of the box. ‘Where books handsomely bound have to be packed, they should each be covs ered, for the mere shifting of one upon the other in moving will damage them, The contents of desks, cash or letter boxes should be sorted carefully, plainly labeled, and a record kept of those of special importance. Legal documents should never be intrusted to public stors age, except in safe-deposit vaults, nor should they be allowed to fall into the hands of truckman or porter. It is hoped that the importance of special care will appeal to women who have such pavpers in their possession. Men usually need nosuch caution. Few women, however, seem able to comprenend the seriousness of the loss of deeds, mortgages and receipts,—Bos« ton Gazette. ——.———— Got His Answer. “Just a year ago to-day,” he said to the man beside him on the rear platform of a Michigan-avenue car, ‘you and I were riding down the avenue the same as now.” “Yes,” was the neutral reply of the other. : “On that occasion I asked you a question, I asked you if you chewed tobacco. “1 think you did.” “But you did not answer me.” “No; T always wait exactly a year before answering such a question. The year is up. I will now answer that I do chew tobacco. Have a chew with me?'’ “No, sir!” “Quit using the weed ?” “No; but when I meet such a man as you I always wait two years before taking a chew of his tobacco. Thanks! See you later—just one year later!”’—Detroit Free Press. 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