Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, November 7, 1909, Page 18

UNDESIRABLE CITIZENS—-CRIMINALS ARE NOT ALWAYS ALLOWED TO VOTE. . (Copyright, 19, by Frank G. Carpenter.) EKING—Wonder of wonders. The despotic empire of China is to become & constitutional mon- archy. 1t s to have a national Parliament and provinclal as- assemblies—its people are to make their own laws and to learn to gov- ern themselves. The ediets to this effect were sent forth more than a year ago by the great empress dowager. Before that Yuan Shih Kal was brought to Peking to aid in the movement, and Tuan Fang and other eminent Chinese officlals were sent to Europe to study modern methods of gov- ernment and to prepare an up-to-date scheme for China. In August, 198, upon the basis of their report, an edict was pub- lished outlining the plan by which China might have a new constitution and a na- tional Parllament eight year from now. Chinese Study Parliamentary Law. Since then the Chinese have been study- ing parliamentary Jaw and preparing them- selves for self-government. They have or- £ debating socletles in every part of the ‘empire, and they are now discussing the chief features of western clvillzation. Many of the governors have established schoold for this purpose and are educating their subjects along constitutional lines. The viceroy of Nanking, who rules about 100,000,000 on the lower Yangtse Kiang, has appointed lecturers, who are giving nightly talks on modern constitutional government, and many of the cities of his dominion have assemblies where the people come together every week to discuss what they shall do when ailowed to vote. The same movement is golng on here in north China. Tientsin has its constitutional debating socleties. It has organized mu- nicipal councils and the city fathers are attending night schools. The same is true of Hankkow and other places farther west, as well as of Canton and the other big centers of the south. Indeed, this whole nation is in the throes of an Intellectual and soclal revolution; and that mighty body politle which we know as the Ce- lestial Kingdom is rejuvernating its soul. (b A How Chine Woke Up. But let me tell you about this constitu- tional movement. There is nothing like it in history. The rulers of one-fourth of the world suddenly resolve to give up their power and allow their subjects to govern themselves. Thay lay out the scheme in cold blood and inaugurate it without a revolution. It is not a spasmodic effort, but & progressive movement which will take almost a decade. It is to be started At once In every part of the empire, and is 80 systematically planned that it will fit these 40 almond-eyed millions te make their own laws and to practically control their own government. The story of the movement s interesting. It began during the war with Japan, when the glant of modern progress, In the person of the mikado, drew back his mailed fist and swatted the sleeping nation in the eye. It grew as the European powers stole plece after plece of Chinese property along the seacoast, and it already strong ‘when the Boxers rose in rebelllon, and the armies of the west caused the flight of the empress dowager from Peking. The humil- fation of China in being forced to kotow to Germany for the killing of Baron Ketteler was & stropg push toward its moderniza- tion. The victory of the Japanese over the Russians was another, and now the com- mon people, the gentry and the officlals are awake to the need of a change. The yellow glantess is sleeping no longer. She h pulled her dry bones together and has sprung from her couch with her almond eyes open. She is thoroughly aroused, with her great soul—for great the soul of China weally is—she is casting about to find “where she is at,” and how she shall take her mighty part in the work of the world. — The Constitution Program. The plan for the reorganization of China was discussed In connection with 14 Hung Chang before his death. It was finally laid out by the great dowager, assisted by Yuan Shih Kal, Chang Chi Tung and other lead- ing officlals. Wu Ting Fang, the Chinese minister at Washington, had to do with ft, and nearly every governor and viceroy sent in suggestions and advice in the form of memorials. The plans brought back by Tuan Fang and his associates from Europe were thoroughly studled, and a scheme of local, provincial and national government was lald out. This was first put forth in the edicts of the empress dowager in Au- gust, 1908, and the people at once began to put them into action. The work was pro- oeeding in every province at the time of the deaths of the great dowager and em- peror last November, and one of the first proclamations of the new administration was that these constitutional reforms should be still carried on. The prince re- gent has announced himself in favor of them and is most active in their support. The program pow in force extends over nine years. The first year is devoted to the preparation of the people for the pro- vincial assemblies by the viceroys and gov- ernors, including the opening of schools for the studying of self-government in the cities, market towns and villages. During the second year members are to be elected to the provinclal assemblles, and in the third they are to be organized and in working order. By the fourth year there will bs a new code of laws and new courts, and in the fifth & mew system of taxation will be en- forced. The sixth year continues the preparation of the people for the national parliament, and during the seventh the reorganization of the government revenues and expendi- tures will be taken up. The year following the officials will begin to consider the imperial household expenses; they will establish a judiclal bureau and will begin to issue certificates. In the ninth year the imperial constitu- tion will be finally enforced and the im- perial parliament will be In session here at Peking. This is the bare outline of but a few THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE NOVEMB: CHINESHE COLLEGE STUDENTS-OFFICIALS OF THE FUTURE. of the princlpal provisions. The scheme is elaborate, and it provides for a thor- ough reorganization along modern lines. There is one great branch devoted to the reforming of the courts, and this includes the establishment of law schools in every great city and at all the provincial capi- tals. s Another branch is devoted to the creat- ing of a modern army, the steps of growth going on from year to year, and a third deals with education and the gratual or- ganization of a system of- schools which will make it compulsory. It is the same with the changes to be made in revenues and taxation. Every- thing is gradual, and in the end China will be as far advanced as Japan today and will have all the government advantages of other nations. st Schools and Constitution. Take, for instance, the plan laid out for the new school system. The year 1908 was largely devoted to the composition of easy text books along modern lines. This year the text books are being published, and the laws have gone forth that they must be wwed in all schools. At the same time modern schools are being started in all the large cittes. Next year the same program 18 to be pushed, and by 1912 it is expected there will be a public school in every Vil- lage and market town. Today the propor- tion of Chinese who can read and write is exceedingly low. The nation is not an educated one, as many suppose, and I doubt whether ten men in 1000 can read and write, By 1913, those who have investi- the matter say, one in every 100 should be able to read, and during the following year, if the school schems is carried out, one In every fifty should be able to both read and write, while at the clobe of the nine years, when the first members of Parliament are elected, the pro- portion of literacy should be about ene to twenty. 5 The new schools will practically create a new language for China and & new system of phonetic writing. Schools are now being organized by the thousanas, and there are tens of thousands of the old Chinese pro- fessors who are fitting themselves to be- como modern teachers. At the time the edict was sent forth 10,00 went to Japan gated All voters must reside in the district for more than one year. They must be able to read and write, and must have their family records unblemished.. The franchise is not given to men of bad character, nor to oplum users. It is forblidden to bullles and criminals, and there are certain low professions whose members will not be allowed to come to the polls. In general any Chinese will have a right to. the fran- chise, provided he has the ordinary quail- fications, and any boy may hope to b come a member of Parliament and to have part in the government. The constitution provides for the free- dom of the press, for the right of publio assembly and for freedom from taxation and spent about six months there fitting “&xcept by law. themselves for the new education. The most of these have returned, but there are at present something like 6,000 Chinese studying in Japan, and there will soon be in the neighborhood of 1,000 studying in America. It is a wonderful evidence of the good cltizenship of the Chinese that the intro- duction of schools and the abolition of the old examination system have been made without causing a revolution. Suc® a change would have created a war in al- most any other country, necessitating as it did the loss of jobs by thousands of the old tutors and the making of thelr classical education of no value. st ‘Whe May Vote The new constitution is rigid as to the qualifications of voters. All elections are to be by ballot, and a plurality shall elect. PR Emperor Will Still Rule. Throughout the whole of this new con- stitutional program the power of the sov- erign s respected. He will stand In about the same position which the mikado holds in Japan or the kalser in Germany. He is to be the commander of the army and navy and to have the right to declars war or peace. He will have, in cases of emergencies, all power over the liberty of the people, with the right of pardon. He can fix teh salaries of his own household and can take the sums needed for that purpose from the treasury without refer- ence to parliament. He has the right to ap- point all officials and can degrade or pro- mote them at will From these provsions it would seem as though the parliament would have little real power, but it must be remembered KIND OF MEN WHO that in both Germany and Japan the force of public opinion is such that the em- perors have to follow it. This will be the same In China under the new con- stitution. Besides, this first parllament is but the opening wedge; and Its suc- cessors may In time split the imperial pri- vileges into fragments and leave in thelr place a republic. This seems a far cry, but 1t is a possibility. e The Provincial Legislatures. The provincial assemblies, which are now preparing, will be much like our state leg- islatures and will correspond to them in the new government. China has twenty- two provinces, and each will have its own legislature, which will be large or small according to the number of its literary graduates and the amount of its grain tax. At present Chilill, the province in which Peking and Tientsin are, pays the most grain taxes and has the most graduates. Its assembly will have 140 members. Chi- nese Turkestan and Hailung-Klang are the smallest, and each of them will have thirty. Kiangsu will have 116 and Cheklang 1u4. Shantung has 100, Honang % and Shansi 86. Altogether there will be 1,677 Chinese mem- Successful Experiments in the Field of Electricity Electric Locomotives. HE first of the giant electric lomomotives that will draw the traine of the Pennsylvania rail- road through that company tunnels under the North and East rivers to the new ter- minal in Manhattan arrived in the yards at Long Island city last wook, and will soon be put to the test of the trial runs. This first machine designated No. 8,998, welghts 300,000 pounds, and there are twenty-three more just like it now under construction. Thelr work will be to take a thousand tralns & day in and out of New Yor. Each locomotive is capable of 4,000 horse . Power, about triple that of a big frelght locomotive, and could pull a heavy freight train at the rate of sixty miles an hour. Some of the statistics of the members are: Weight, 165 tons; weight of electri- I parts, 62 tons; total horse power, 4,000; maximum draw bar pull, 6,000 pounds; maximum speed - under load, sixty to seventy miles per hour; diameter of drive wheels, sixty-elght inches; diameter of truck wheels, thirty-six inches; welght on drivers,® fourteen tons; mechanical shock without Thjury, 600,00 pounds; length over all, sixty-five feet; wheel base, fifty-six teet. In spite of its great power and size the operation of the locomotive will be by the simplest. and easiest of methods. None of the main power passes through the controller, which is nothing more than & switch similiar to a telegrapher's key oper- ated by an electric-pneumatic contrivance, and by the pressure of & finger the engineer can get as much power as is used by & hundred trolley cars. The electric locomotive of the new Penn- sylvania type is bullt in two sections, which look Illke great steel eabins on wheels. There is an operating outfit in cach end, 8o that no turning is necessary at the end of a run. The sections are per- manently coupled back to back by & dis tinctive arrangement of Westinghouse fric- tion draft gear and levers, so that the leading section effectually pilots the rear one. This obviates all necessity of turn- ing the engine, as it runs equally well in either direction, and all manipulating levers are duplicated in each section. A decided improvernent in the ‘‘Pennsylvania” type is the use of a single motor for two pairs ot drivers and the benefits secured by its position. The motor is located high up from the roadbed, secure from suow, dirt and water, and space limitations are largely removed. In its design it possesses elec- trical features never before secured on an electric locomotive. The single motor welghs, without gear 45,000 pounds, and in weight and power it is the largest raliway motor ever constructed. It projects into the cab and in fact fills & large pdit of it. The main control apparatus is in a bulk- head sort of arrangement centrally located 80 that there are ample passageways along the sides. At one end is located the elec- trically driven air compressor for operating the airbrakes. In the operating end of the locomotive there !s a Westinghouse brake valve for high speed brake operation, and also the engincer's controller, by which all electrical manipulation 1 secured. These correspond to the throttle and re- verse lever on & steam locomotive. The controller is really a switch operated by electro-pneumatic means. With a lever which can be moved with one finger the engineer can admit to the locomotive a current equal to that avallable in & hundred trolley cars. The electric supply will be secured from an electric conductor, or third ratl, by four contract shoes on each loco- motive. At some points where the great number of track switches will not permit this, power will be secured from an over- head conductor through an air-operated -overhead contact shoe, of which there are two on each locomotive. The new loco- motive is of steel construction throughout and each section has the usual bell, sand- box and whistle. The latter is blown by alr. Voot Wirelessly Controlled Torpedo. Deseribing the trials of the Gobet wire- lessly controlled automatic torpedo, the Scientific American says that in the ex- periments on the banks of the Seine en- deavors have been made to control the torpedoes from a small boat about 100 meters (328 feet) distant from them, con- taining & plant for producing Hertzlan waves. The torpedo motor was started and stopped at will, and the rudder turned in every direction at the will of the man in the boat. The improved Gabet torpado consfsts mainly of a large cylinder terminating In two cones and forming the lower part of the apparatus. Some distance above, about 15 meters (five feet), there is an- other stmilar cylinder only smaller and in- tended to flogt. The lower shell fs 95 meters long (thirty-one feet). The two tubes are fastened together by a series of very strong steel tube frames. Besides these two other shafts, rather large in dlameter, start from the lower body, extend be- yond the float, and form two rather short vertical masts. Each one of these carries an acetylene light. They are connected by & copper wire. The lower shell Is divided into several compartments, having each its particular use. The first compartment is situated in the forepart. It contains the explosive charge and controlls a warhead similar to the warheads of all present-day tor- pedoes, which produce explosion on con- tact. While all ordinary torpedoes carry only seventy to 100 kilos of explosive (164 to 20 pounds), the Gabet can take %0 kilos (1,98 pounds), with correspondingly greater destructive effect. The Gaget torpedo contains an internal combustion motor operated by gasoline, & declded novelty. Compressed air, as now used in torpedo motors, may supply powerful engines, but the radius of ac- tion is very limited. The speed of torpe- does thus operated reaches thirty knots, or about fifty kilometers an hour. Ventilation is effected by means of a large blower, situated aft, between the motor and the chamber contalning the storage batterles. The motor is located In the compartment aft of the torpedo, en- tirely separated from the explosive charge. The torpedo used for the present experi- ment develops thirty horse-power. 1t has & motor with elght cylinders arranged in V shape. But the compartment is lar enough for & 300 horse-power multiple- cylinder motor, which is necessary to im- part to the torpedo the estimated speed of twenty knots, or about thirty-six kilo- meters an hour. The torpedo can carry 1800 kilos (8,90 pounds) of ballast under the present conditions, that is to say, with & thirty horse-power motor. This ballast represents the difference between the welght of an electric motor with its storage batteries and the weight of the internal combustion motor developing this power. Gabet expecis to attain a ten-knot speed with the thirty horse-power motor he will use in his preliminary trials, before putting in the 30 horse-power motor, on. which he Telies to obtain the twenty knots that he considers sufficient apeed. The third compartment of the torpedo contains a small storage battery. This is not intended to drive the torpedo, but to operate & relay that helps maneuver the boat under the influence of the Hert- slan waves acling on special devices. The compartment back of the explosive charge contains the Hertzlan controlling instru- ments, sufficlently effective to act even at eight to ten kilometers (five to six miles) from the transmitting station. The two masts carrying acetylene lights serve to show the position of the torpedo at every moment, and indicate every change in its ‘course. To show what is going on inside, the torpedo lanterns have been disposed about to flash signals In such a manner that the operator, placed on shore or on a ship, may recognize the nature of the directions received by the torpedo. In short, every time the torpedo recelves waves registered by Its instru- ments, the lanterns show signals to indi- cate the direction of the torpedo. If thes signals lead the operator to believe that the waves come from the enemy, he does what is necessary, to rectify the course of the torpedo, and he nullifies the disturbing waves. e Nature Faking Electricity. Three recent Inventions for the produc- tion and application of electricity show that it Is the next thing to nature itself, reports the St. Louls Times. . The first gathers elgctrical energy direct from the sun’s rays, the fountain head of everything in nature. The other two seem to show up electricity as a master hand In the busi- ness of nature faking. The second uses it to fake the mother hen in hatching chick- ens, and the third to fake the light of day in awakening quall or similar,game birds, causing them to feed ofen anddbecome fat. An inventive genlus in New York City has made a discovery that enables him to gather electricity from the rays of the sun and bottle it In storage batterles, so that it can be turned on or off and used for light, heat and power the same 1t e were produced by artificial means. It 1s called the ‘“solar electric generator and transforms the electricity that les in the sun's rays directly into energy for commer- clal uses. The primary cell of this generatqr is simple. It is a rod or plug about three inches long made of an alloy of several common metals, on one end of which the sun shines In a glass enclosed space con- taining still air heated by the sun. The other is set In a composition of noncon- ductors of heat, light or electricity, and it is placed so that it will be in the shade and cool moving air. The rod forms part of a circult wired In the regular way to & storage battery. When the sun shines on the end of the Tod and heats it a difference in tempera- ture s produced between it and the other end that sets up an electrical action which is transmitted by the wires to the storage battery. While the energy thus gathered by one rod is small, it is a comparatively simple matter to multiply the number. of rods and consequently the amount of en- ergy. The device now in use consists of & frame similar to a window sash with sixteen panes of glass, each pane inclos- ing sixty-one plugs, whose ends are ex- posed to the sun, making a total of 976 It is claimed that enough electrical en- ergy can be gathered by this devicd in two days of sunshine to lght an ordi- nary house for a week It is not costly and lasts for years. An automatic mechan- ism shuts off the battery when the sun ceases to shine and opens it up at once when the sun's rays touch It again. The business of the old ben in hatch- ing chickens is satistactory, vut siow. Man found that it would be to his ad- vantage to increase the output away be- yond hen hatching possibilities. But the nature fakers found that the old hea knew her business mighty well and that to imitate the ways of BDature were not easy. Various ways of hatching eggs artl- ficlally have been used, but evidently elec- tricity provides the bestway of getting close to nature's conditions. The principal advantage of electricity seems to be that it provides a way for maintaing a con- stant temperature. This is accomplished by the ‘“electro- plane,” the most important features of the device. It is an asbestos board placed at the top of the Incubator, metal bound and electrically heated by a heating coil underneath it, through which 1s passed a current from an ordinary lighting circult. In the ctrcuit is included a thermostat, which, by the expansion and contraction of strips of metal used, sbreaks the circuit when the temperature reaches the de- sired high point and makes contact again when the temperature drops. By this ar- rangement the temperature can be reg ulated to & part of & degres. The hei is continuous and there is no smoke or smell or lamps to take care of. In the London Zoo electric light is used to imitate sunlight to make the birds feed earlier. A flood of light is turned on several hours before sunrise and the birds wake up, hop about and’ bogin to feed. A gamester in London in this way takes advantage of the habit of quall to feed only at sunrise. They are kept in cellars and & number of times a day the electric sunlight is turned on, the quail wake up and feed, according /to their habit and after a time the light is turned oft and the birds take to their nests. In this way they can be made to take half a dozen breakfasts a day, and ‘are kept fat and plump for market. S ey Power for Cascade Tunnel. The tunnel by which the Great Northern rallway makes its way through the Cascade range of mountains has been equipped for operation by electricity, and the plant has now been put In ‘service, with four three- Pphase locomotives each welghing 115 tons, and equipped with four B00-horsepower motors. The power plant is located on the ‘Wenatchee river, thirty miles from the tunnel, where a 40-foot dam, varying in helght from eleven to fourteen feet, has been bullt. The generating apparatus has been designed to meet great fluctuations in load, as the grade through the tunnel is 17 per cent for two and three-fourths miles, the whole electrified section belng about four miles, and on account of the grade it is expected that at times the services of all four locomotives may be required upon one train. The penstock is 13000 feet long and elght and one-half feet In diameter. Of this 11,000 feet is composed of wood stave pipe and 1,00 feet of rivited steel. The wood pipe at the upper end is strapped with three-fourths-inch steel bands spaced ten inches apart, and the fastenings gradu- ally increase to seven-eighths-inch bands in the middle and one inch at the lower end, where the spacing is decreased to two inches. At one polut the pipe passes for 000 feet through solid rock, and near the plant it is carried across the river on steel slings underneath a 300-foot riveted steel truss bridge, on which the difference In expansion between bridge and pipe s taken up by roller bearings at one epd. In the power house there are two forty-two-inch Victor Francis turbines with horizontal shafts and Sturgess hydraulic governors and twenty-foot draught tubes, giving a statio head of 30 feet. These are directly connected to 3,000-kw. H0-ampre General Biectric alternators. Two direct- nt General Electric four - pole %0 - ampere twelve-volt dynamos driven by sixteen-inch Victor wheels under 18-foot head furnish exciting current. Thers are in the plant two large water rhecstats, the function of which I8 to absorb excess current geverated when the Wotors ere runnlog down grade at speed. They are concrete tanks, 6x9x12 feet, tilled with water. Wireless Steering of Motorboat. According to the Frankfurt Gazette some successful experiments were recently car- ried on at Nuremberg by the firm of Wirth, Beck & Knauss In steering a motor boat by means of wireless telegraphy. At the light-house on the lake they erected the antennae, and on the bridge they installed the transmitting apparatus. On the boat the wire was stretched between two masts, thirteen feet In helght and thirteen feet apart. The recelving apparatus was fitted in the forepart of the boat, and In the stern was the switch and electric steering gear, In the course of the trials the boat was made to describe curves to the right or lett, and to turn sharply In either direc- tion. The object of the tests was to prove that it was possible to transmit signals to an intermediate point, and thence, as di- rected by a shore station, to control the steering gear on board a vessel. biseer'nbyes Telephones Here and Abroad. A correspondent,of the London Times in- stitutes a comparison between the use of telephones in Europe and their use In America. In Europe, with a population of 400,000,000, he says that only 2,500,000 instru- ments were in service in January 1,-this year, whereas iu this country, where the population is not far from 8,000,000, nearly 7,000,000 telephones were employed on that date. It is pointed out that England had a somewhat smaller number than three Amerlean cities combined—New York (334,- 186), Chicago (184,922) and Boston (more than 100,000). France made & far less favor- able showing (194,19), and Austria is credited with only 80,975 Italy, Belgium and Hungary are each said to have fewer telephones than St. Louis, Pittsburg or San Francisco. The explanation for this remarkable dif- ference which is offered by the contribu- tor for the Times s that on his side of the Atlantic the telephone service Is controlled by the national governments, while here it has been developed by private enterprise. “It is concelvable” comments the New York Times, ‘“‘that within certain lmits the theory fits the facts, but without any qualification it is lkely to mislead. Gov- ernmental management may Iimpose strictions on the expansion of the tel phone business In Burope, but other | fluences besides freedom from such control have unquestionably operated in the United States. As a rvle, Americans are In a greater hurry to accomplish their business, commercial and social, than forelguers are. In this matter the spirit of the people counts for & good deal. Telephone service costs more here than It does abroad, but the majority of Americans are willing to pay ‘handsomely to save time. Hesides, this country is the birthplace of the tele- phone." ro- Tee King in Prison W. Morse, former ice king and will not have an unendurable federal prison at Atlanta. He letters to family and friends, supervision of the prison Onee In two weeks he may He will be furnished with smoking waterial, and al number of books each woek from the prison library taining 1000 volumes. He will be allowed to re colve magazines. books, wnd hewspapers from friends. He will be wiven the best treatment and accorded every possible I'berty consistent with prisos riles as long as he bebaves himself. Lapses from #00d behavior are punished by drops in §rade, the third grade prisoners belng de. prived of practically il their privileges. as well as thelr good time, which with most prisoners s & blg item. He will be required to work elght hours & day, and given as much open-air recruation as possible to keep him healthy, Charles mililonaire, life in the, may write subject to thorities. ceive visitors. tobacco. and lowed & certain au- re bers in these state legislatures, and In ad- dition some twenty or twenty-five Man- chus, * It is probable that from these as- semblies the future parllament will come. In ofder to be a member of the provin- cial assemblies & man will need far higher qualitfeations than those demanded for election to our state legislatures. The can- didate must have been connected with edu- ocational enterprises for at least five years, or have graduated from the middle schools of elther China or abroad, or he must be & master of arts or a retired official who has never been denoynced by the censors or cashiered by the government. If he has | a capital of $,000, and is otherwise respect- able, he may also be a candidate, but if he 1s an oplum smoker or has ever been in prison he need not apply. Furthermore, if: he s elected he will not be allowed to de- cline unless incapacitated by iliness from serving. { Where Uncle Sam Comes In. The new constitution is bound to be of great advantage to the Unitdd States and in & lesser degree to all forelgn powers. It will bring about the reorganization of business and trade, and will lead to a large number of Chinese students going abroad. The most of these Wwill be sent to either Japan or the United States. Hun- dreds will come to our country, especially as by the scheme adopted for the use of the Boxer indemnity which we returned to China a large sym is to bs continuously spent in educating Chinese boys in Amer-} ica. Tang Shao Y1 took over the first in- stallment of students last year. One hun- dred more are to be sent over in 1910, and fifty more each year for thirty years there- after, This means that for the next gen- eration China will always have 200 of its brightest young men in the States. They will be studying American institutions, making American friends and coming back here to favor America for China in its foreign relations. Talk about a Chinese alliance! The re- turn of that indemnity was the most profitable work Uncle Sam ever did. From now on it will serve as a steady leaven of Americanism in the dough of the old Chinese empire, Working for the interests of our country in the formation of the new. Under the new constitution there will be an enormous demand for machinery and the other necessities of our western civilization, and this should ald Amerlca in its efforts to furnish them. There will' be & demand for teachers, engineers and specialists of all kinds, and as far a triendship 18 concerned Uncle Sam has the call. Even now the Chinese students who were sent to the United States in 1570 to be educated there are amonk thef leading officials of the empire. They do! not hold the highest positions, but they: are close to the top and are really doing the work of the new China. I meet grad- uates of Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth and other eastern colleges here and there; and I have found several Chinese officials who were educated in Californis and other parts of the west. There were about forty, students taken over in 1570, and others! have gone from tims to time since then.: In addition to the 200 paid for by the In demnity fund, many others will follow by force of example, 50 that the number will{ probably be 60 or more. In 1907, before this} fund began to work, we had 39 Chineses students registered at the embassy In} Washington. Of theso only forty-nine had! been sent over by the imperial government and the others were private students, fur-! nished with money by their parents. If} the same ratio be preserved, Chins should} have 800 students when the indemnity fund is In full force. This means that during the @ikt genera-| tion thousands of Chinese will be educate in the United States and that they will form a force in our favor so strong tha no other government or trade element of] Europe can compete with it. They wil learn to be engineers, rallroad manager: and manufacturers, and when they ge back to China thelr machinery and othe surplies will be ordered from the estab lshments _which they have know in thel United States. e Openings for Youns Americans, | In the meantime the Chinese feel o) friendly to us that there should be man: openings for young Americans. Forelgn- G will have to be employed In the reor ganization of the government and in |j bullding up of new industries. Within fow of civil, mechanical and mining engineer It will need metallurgist other specialists. lis| years Chine must have a large r-.r.J chemists as It will probably estab national banks and a news system of with mints in & half dosen prov- Its postoffice system will be mod ernized, and as for its raliroads, thousands of miles of lines are already prod jected and much new track is belng laid (i different parts of the empire. There will be guvernment openings for school teach4 ers and college professors, and alse op- portunities from private capital g e M- h‘_‘“":fll K G new ¢ f - »