Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, May 23, 1909, Page 20

THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: Changes Are Taking NEW KOREAN (Copyright, 1909, by Frank G. Carpenter.) ROUL, Korea, 1%09.—(Special Cor- respondent of The Bee.)— I want to tell you what Japanese are doing In Korea. They have taken hermit kingdom by the neck, and are shaking its dry boned Into action. They are establish- ing courts, abolishing squeezing and reor- ganizing the finances. They propose to bulld roads, to reforest the mountains to open the mines d to turn this half-barren country into a garden, All these things are in thelr beginnings, but a start I been made and signs of progress are every- where to be seen. the —— The New City of Seoul. The capital, Scoul, Is fast becoming a new city. When I came here twenty years ago the trip from the seaport, Chempulo, took over twelve hours, and I had to have a rony and eight men to bring myselt and wife to the walls. I mde the pony and the madame came in a chalr, on the shoulders of four coolles, with a relay of four others to help them. Toward the end of the journey had to push on for fear we might not get to Seoul before the closed. The city is surrounded by a mas- sive wall nine miles in length and thirty feet high. At that time this wall was en- tered only by gates, and these were at night by heav; borne we closed doors plated with which were not opened again until the next day. We got in just in time to see the gates close, There was no hotel, and we had to be met by the soldiers of our lega- tion, and were quartered there during our atay. The city still has its walls, but the gates now stand open day and night, and electric street car line runs through two of them and on out Into the country. An electric light globe prevents the closing of one which we entered, and another gate has proved too small to accommodate the traffic and has been cut put by the Jap- anese, wide roads being made through the walls on each side. The gate itself, which is a temple-like structure with a double Toof of heavy tiles, has been faced with stone; and it s now proposed to put a commercial museuam in the soldiers’ Buard- room above it. In that old gate all the In- dustries of the nsw Corea will be shown side by side with those of other nations, and the people will thus be taught the va- rlous methods of manufacture and sale. iron, an gnal Fires against Electricity. As we Into Seoul that night could see the signal fires blazing on the mountains which surround the’ city, and were told that they were the last of the long series of watch fires built upon the hills of the other parts of Korea to notify the king that the country was qulet and all was at peace. Today there are watch fires no longer, but In their place Korea has its wireless telegraph stations and the capital Is covered with telephone wires. One of the oldest bulldings of the palace, in which the emperor now lives, has been turned Into a telephone booth, and Japan- ese hello girls sit there and take messages from all parts of the city. There are tele- graph wires to every large village, with more than 2,00 miles of line open, and cables across to Japan. came we Electrie Ligh The old Seoul was The laws were that should not go about clals and forelgners being permitted to do Women were never seen on the streets in the daytime and the night was supposed to be their time for calling. When we went out wb took the keso of the legation to carry our lantern, and this consisted of a framework holding a candle with a red, white and blue gauze cloth thrown over it. The Seoul of today is falrly well lighted. Many of the stores keep open during the evening and most of the houses have an oll lamp or an electric light globe at thelr front gate. Looking down the wide main streets of the city makes one think of one of the larger towns of our country, for the lights alone are to be seen, and the low story bulldings are lost In the darkness. Seoul has now an electric car line run by Americans. It was put In long before the Japanese took hold of the government, and about half of the stock belongs to the re- tired emperor, who has refused to sell out to the Japanese capitalists. The Hbreans are now patronizing the road. At first they sald It was maglc, and a mob stroyed some of the cars. Thelr theory was that the line would prevent the spirits giving them 1ain. They said the cars were boats, and that the gods, looking down from the skies, seeing them swimming to and fro through the would say ““These people need no raln, for thelr city swimming In water." A somewhat similar feeling prevailed as to the magic in the telepho systems. Many of th Kor knowing that speech went over the thought the poles must contain spirits that the sound buzzing on the was the!r vo s Indeed, some sald their pray- ers to the telephone poles at the time. and Street Cars. pltch dark at night the ordinary man atter dark, only offi- and their servants 0 one- > and telograph an women, wires, net wires Chin-¢ heard Kat. of Chin-Go-Kal? which contains Have you ever It 1s a section Seoul 20,000 Japanese people. It has big official buildings, many two-story houses and long streets of stores, which would be a'credit to Tokio. Some of the have plate glass windows, and nearly all carry large stocks of goods, Here §verything Is clean The roadways are swept, and most of them are as smooth as a floor. There are banks, brick school bulldings, a postoffice and all sorts busincss establishments. At one side of this sction s a frame office structure devoted to the dent general, who governs Korea, with the emperor &8 the nominal head, and back of it i the home of this high official, with a thousand acres or more of Nam-8an moun- taly aleut It The old mountain bhad laln of stores & eat resi- 5 o A MM SUPREME COURT BUILDING. there a wilderness for thousands of years. It had seen the wall bullt more than 500 years ago, and had watched the generations rise and fall from then untfl now. It re- mained for the Japanese to make it a beautiful park. They have cut roads through the pines and have built many pavilions, until now it 1s one of nature's most beautiful gardens 1 had the good fortune to be invited to a garden party given there by the resident general the other day. Mcre than 2,000 of the high class Koreans and Japanese offi- clals were present. His excellency recelved us out fn the open, and there were lunch and tea houses throughout the grounds whose walters were beautiful Japanese maldens. At the close we had dinner In a great tent, covering tables suf- ficlent to seat the 2,000 guests, and the Japanese military band sang a song com- posed by Viscount Sone In honor of the occasion. rooms —— Mud. vs, Brick. Twenty-five years ago there was not a brick in Korea. The houses were all made of mud, of wood or of stones piled up one on tep of the other and covered with roofs of heavy black tiles, or straw thatch, held down with straw ropes. When I visited the nd the palaces the city twenty years homes of the misslonaries of the king there was not a structure to be seen anywhere. contained 200,000 or 30,000 people, tha most of whom lived in mud huts with roofs ot straw thatch. The 'huts weve all made In the shape of & horseshoe with quarters at the back for the women. There were larger houses roofed with tiles which formed the homes of the nobles, and these were shut off from the streets by low stable.ike structures, In which the servants and re- tajners were quartered. The houses were all heated by flues which ran under the floore and emptied thelr smoke into the streets through operings cut at about the height of one's waist from the ground. At meal times, and more especially mornings and evenings, these holes poured forth volumes, making ome (hink of a yreat forest fire. The air was so thick that one could almost cut it and the passerby had to cough. Today Seoul has thousands of similar houses. Of the 200,600 and odd which make up the native popuiation 9 per cent live in such quarters. They have no sewers and the slops run out into open ditches which have been cut through the ago outside two-story The place streets. KOREAN CABINET MINISTERS. The Japanese have covered some of these ditches and they are now putting In drat As to the bulldings, a new class of atruc- ture is rapldly rising and the peoplo stand and gaze at them In open-mouthed wondor. The Young Men's Christian assoclation has Just completed a brick homa of two stories, which is heated by steam. It is a wonder of wonders to the average Korean, who cannat tell whence comes the heat. The bricks for that bullding are being made outside the city. Yards have been there constructed, which are now turning out bricks by the millions. The clay is excellent and a large part of the new Seoul will be built of these bricks. There are other brickyards at Yong San, the military city on the edge of Seoul, and there 18 no lack of fine bullding material ctad The New Government Bulldingw, Among the large bulldings are many which are golng up for the government. These are nominally Korean, but are really Japa The cabinet ministers act as the nominal advisers to the emperor, but under them are Japanese vice ministers who really contrcl and whose clerks are almost all Japanese. Not far from where I am living in the forelgn section of Seoul is the new finance department. This is a fine two-story brick structure covered with stucco. Tt is bulit on dn elevation, overlooking the palace in which the retired emperor lives, so that the clerks can see all that goes on Inside the palace grounds. This I8 very offensive to his majesty, who has always objected to anyone looking over his walls, and has bought several forelgn structures because they commanded such & view. Ho pald $200,000 for the French legation for this very reason, and he has, I am told, several times tried to buy the American consulate which 1s on a hill, lower down. Some men have even bought lots and started bufldings in order to make his majesty buy them at high prices Another fine government bullding is that of the supreme court. This s scmewhat similar to the structure of the finance de- partment. It is situated on the main street, which runs between the east and west gates, and not far from a big two-story brick which is being bullt for a native Korean bank. How the Of11, aised Money. That bank, by the way, marks one of the most wonderful changes which is go- ing on here. Until lately no Korean wi supposed to have any right to money that the king was bound to respect. Every officlal squeezed the man below him, and FINANCE DEPARTMENT BUILDING. if hedia not give up a share of his goods upon demand had him whipped or tor- tured in some way or other untll he did 80. The moet common persuader was a flexible paddie about as wide as the palm of your hand and ten or twelve feet In length. The man to be squeezed was stripped to the skin and lald face down- ward on the ground and held there by men, or he wi tled to a bench so that it was impossible for him to move. Then the paddlers would strike him so many blows on the thighs. The second or third always brought blood, ana an hundred was supposed to mean death. Burning and bone crushing were other methods of torture, and men were kept for years In prison on false charges as means of ex: tortion. Under such conditions the man who showed he had money was sure of persecution and all loans were secrotly made. The Japanese have done away with this squeezing, and the thousands of of- ticlals who lived upon it have now gone to the wall. The money is changed. During that trip across country to Seoul I had to have an extra man to carry the money to pay the coolles at the end of the trip, and for my expenses In the capital 1 got an order upon a merchant in Seoul. The coins were of copper with a square hole in the center, and It took one thousand of them to equal the value of an American dollar They were strung upon strings of onc Dev_elopments in the Ever Widening Field of Electrical Experiment Housecleaning by Electriclty, VEN the time-honored methods of sweeping and dusting have been vanquished and banished by electricity and in a few years m-re, 50 they predict, the house- wife, clad In apron and dust- cap and carrying broom and dustpan will exist in plctures only. No longer is it necessary to sprinkle down the floors before sweeping so that a larger percentage of the dust can be kept in the dirt heap and not go flylng about the house to settle on the furniture, pict- ures and woodwork. Nor do the ma'e mem- bers of the family fear to return home in the evening lest they have to take the Tugs out and beat them. The sweeping and dusting can now be done by electricity, eliminating most of the ‘work, nearly all the dust and a large afmount of the trouble It would make almost any housewife angry to tell her the house wasn't clean, She would be indignant—might even threaten you with her broom—which is sald to be such a handy weapon for domestic defense as well as offense. And yet it has been fully demonstrated that no woman can clean a house with mop, broom and dustcloth halt well as electricity can do it. For the electric clcaner sweeps and dusts with the aid of a vacuum, produced by a small motor-driven centrifugal fan, which sucks up every particle of dirt and dust. Take the room that has been pol- ished until it fairly glistens and go over it with the vacuum cleaner and you will get twice as much dirt as the housewife aid. Out of the cracks, crevices and ocor- ners she missed, the electric house cleaner will suck up whole handfuls of dirt. The surface of the carpets, rugs and draperies look clean, but the vacuum cleaner will suck the dust and dirt from beneath the rugs, cleaning the very fabric of the ma- terial. You can beat carpets and rags all day and still they will not be clean, What the housewife really does chase the dirt from the floor to the furni- ture and back again. Clean, to the house- wifo, means that there is not dust and dirt enough left after she gets through to alter her standard of what she designates as “clean.” The most destructive element in the home is the continual wear of trylng to keep things clean. as s to and tear The electric house cleaner operates on the centrifugal power exhaust principle. It ecre- ates & very strong suction or “draw.” The machine is compact and can be easily re- moved from room te room or from floor to floor. A small but powerful General Electric motor, drives the centrifugal which supplies the vacuum. This can attach=d to 1tk electric 1 socket, In place of a lamp, & long flext ble cord. The metal parts of device are entirely of aluminum, which makes it light and portable At the bottom and front of the machine 1s & rotary brush which revolves rapidly driven by Dbelt the motor As the machine {8 moved over the surface be the brash the clinging dirt and a current of air workin around sh sucks u all that is in or u all In addition to this met tan motor be \ing the from to cleaned loosens all strong this 1st up dirt pet, collector. the car- the ere 0ok and di the in od t der depositing accumula are hose connections, so that and cranny can be cleaned. T equipped with & tool dust and dirt from rugs, Ing and everything about dirt sucked up in the accumulator, 1s sucks up curtains, mould- the The way 1s deposited in which is easlly detac which the house this The electric main point about sweeping with power with the vacuum cleaner is that there is no flying dust The electric cleaner reaches every crack, corner and crevice of the room; the cracks n the walls, the cellings and and all that dust which shows when you your fingers across the waiipaper or woodwork. It removes the dust from pic- ture frames, statuary, bric-a-brac; It cleans carpets, upholstery, curtains, tapes- tries, shades and blinds, without remov- ing them from thelr fixings. It cleans and enovates bedding, comforters, blankets, mattresses and pillows; the cracks and crevices in wooden or iron beds aud even reaches and cleans such inaccessible place moulding: draw as trunks, linen closets, desks, files, pigeon- holes, radiators and registers. P s A0 Electric Lighting Industry. During the t six months 1% new electric lighting companies have been formed in the United States and twenty in Canada and Mexico. The present total for the United States Is 524 companles and 6,74 Including Canada, Mexico and the West Indles. These figures show a total gain of 216 plants for the corresponding tigures of & year ago. Of the total 5740 plants included, no fewer than 3,193 carry electrical supplies, which implies the handling in the aggre- gate a very large quantity of electrical ma- terlal. As many as 4,154 of the plants have alternating current while apparently 1,66 are direct. The spread pf alternating methods Is shown to be astonishing. Of the plants enumerated, 12 report them- selves as pure transmissions, while 694 others are either lighting and transiission, or else include rallway work as well, Illinois has_ still the largest number of plants, 38, though outside of Chicago few of them of considerable magnitude. New York has 33 and Pennsylvania 345, the last state gaining fourteen In six months, which is rather remarkable for so tled a commonwealth. Ohlo has 28, Michigan 253, and Texas the large number of 228, surpussing Indlana with 218 and Towa with 27. Oklahoma has aiready 76 s and New Mexico 15. The largest gain In the half-year is In New York, with 17, which compares with the 14 in Pennsyl- vania, and would Indicate that to the new- comer, public service commissions may not be o terrible after all. As a matter of fact, the gains are distributed all over the country, few states being without seme new enterprise of this kind reported. L A Trackless Trolley, At Eberswalde, Germany, In 1590, there was an cxperimentul trackless trolley sys- tem installed by a Berlin engineer, but after being in operation a little more than five months it was withdrawn. There I8 a trackless trolley line in operatiun be- tween Plotzlelnsdorf and Salmannsdort suburbs of Vienna, about 137 miles in fength. Tt passes through an unusually small and narrow street with many sharp turns, broken by steep grades and sudden declines. It s necessary for the omni- buses along the route to climb many long stretches having a grade of Y to 10. This 1s a double line, arranged so that the cars going back and forth pass each other without interruption tistics furnished by the director of the street car system of Vienna, the total cost of the construction of the plant, ex- clusive of alteration of roads which may be rendered necessary and which the road officials would be obliged to provide for, can From sta- amounts to $44,2%53. The estimates the annual of the line at $9,575, and the receipts from passengers at $6,30, ‘a loss of $3,80. The particular system of motor used is known as the Stoll or Mercedes system. same authority running expenses Electrtelty on Ratlroads. The rallroads claim that substitution of electriclty for steam out on main lines would involve prohibitive losses by making Junk of millions of dollars’ worth of steam locomotives. This, however, Is misleading and far from true, says Popular Mechan- fcs, for during the several years neces- sarily consumed In changing over, say, 1,000 miles of trunk line, the future would be taken into consideration. As fast as the steam locomotives on one division were re- leased they would be transferred to other divisions to take the place of worn-outs there, and at last there would be branch lines of thelr own, and smaller roads which would absorb a great part of what motive power remained at the finish. There would be some direct loss and some indl- rect, such as placing on branch lines fer and faster the busi- ness required; the loss from this item would be fraction of the whole. There would be other millions of dollars, now Invested in locomotive repair shops, thrown out of use. but this would bring its own compensation, for the loco- locomotives than but only a electric Gossip and Stories Abcut Noted People Lew Wallace and Abdul Hamid, HEN General Lew wallace was appointed minister to Turkey in 1881, relates the Indianapolis News, he was fortunate enough to make a good lmpression on Abdul Hamid and to win his personal friendship. The latter was no great honor, but as a mere matter of busi- ness It was good diplomacy on General Wallace's part. At his first Interview with the sultan, when he presented his creden- tials as minister, General Wallace sur- prised his imp: majesty and other of- ficials present by shaking hands with him The proposition was unheard of and almost inconceivable. The Turke do not shake hands even with one another, and for & Christian, even though an accredited min ister, to pre taking his majesty's sa- crgd hand In his own was a startling In- cident. But the interpreter (Mr. Garglulo, who Is still attached to the American em- bassy In Constantinople) conveyed the wish and It was granted, putting Wallace on an unusual footing with the sultan to Jose several evi- for General Wallace conferred on the Order of Im- Later on the sultan dences of his In December, general the first-class of the perfal Medjiedie. The general was obliged to decline the order, but in return sent the sultan a handsomely bound copy of Ben Hur," with a laudatory inseription When the sultan found, after the elec tion of Mr. Cleveland, In 1584, that there would probably be a change of ministers he offered to write to the president-elect asking that General Wallace be retained but the latter gave him to understand that would not do. He then invited Wallace to remain in Turkey and take service un- der that government, adding: I will make ambassador to Parls or London.! This general declined with thanks ccelved his recall again offered him of the Medjiedle er in office, the general gave the general a of gold and diamonds. his return to the United in 158, recelved gave Iking you offer also After as minister the imperial and, being no lo accepted it. He costly souvenir Fically, after States, the general through the Turkish minister at Wash- ington, an offer from tie sultan of a high salaried position in the palace or in the arsenal, at his option. This offer also was declined, on the ground that the genera was growing old and intended devoting the rest of his life to literary work, General V the decoration allace sultan Talents of Mar Mr. Crawford as & young man was the envy of most of his circle of intimate friends and acquaintances; tall, straight, formed in perfect physical proportion, he was extremely handsome; and in addition he had a brain which could grasp gilant tasks with ease—tasks which for the rest of us were impossible or only at- tainable after months or years of effort. He had a facility for acquiring languages, writes George P. Brett In Out- ing, and he 18 the only man that I have ever known who has taken for a Frenchman in France, for a native of Italy by the Itallans and for a German in Berlin, I remember that he occas on thinking of spending & winter in one of the countries of central Burope whose language was unknown to him in order to obtain local color and atmosphere for one of his novels, 1 that the short space of elght weeks he had acquired by constant study a mastery of the I age, so that he able to make himself under- stood when he afterward went there. The had for ac- quiring to other things. He mastered, I remember, the difficult art of navigation in the course of a short winter season in ew York, In spite of the calls of his regular literary work and his many soclal engagements, 80 that he was not only enabled to navi- gate his own yacht—an old New York pllot boat, partially rebullt under his di- rection—across the pcean himself, but he worked out a voyage that I made with him afterward the sights day by day independ- ently of the officers and afterward com- pared them with the ship's records, and officers to talk with him matters of navigation as with one of them- selves, 80 impressed they by his mastery of thelr cither or special been was on one was easily same facllity which h languages also extended the came over were craf Almost & Croesus. Clark nearer anyb leader in the multi-mil- Instead a politl- and democratic to being a »w in sight Missourl and became Champ house, came lonaire than he went to clan; 1y later he became a congressman, tinally he has become a statesman, When he was 23 years old, relates the Washington Times, Clark was president of & West Virginia college, and he was a g00d At the end of two pr three years Le had saved $0, and a friend con- fided to him that it was enough to make a fortune ne, 100, at you've got in and buy you here. It and 1t'll ‘Let me\ take the bunk,” said triend, some of this land around can be had for 8 cents an acre be worth thousands in a few years. Clark thought about It, but he had long money coal been of the opinion that the bounding west was the place where fortune smiled most amiably. He wanted to go there. “I guess not,” he decided. “I'll g0 to Missourl.” He did. The 1,00 acres of land that his $800 would have bought s now worth mil- lions; 1f he had bought it and stayed In West Virginia he would have been one of the first of the long row of men who have made tens of milllons in the development of the natural resources of that newer Pennsylvania “But anyhow,” sighed Mr. Clark, as he tarned to his desk and signed a contract for a summer lecture course at $200 a night “1 did never care much about money." i Coquelin Had a Jow many 0d Memory. parts do you enough to play tonight if need be?" some- body asked Coquelin. He took a sheet of paper and wrote down the names of fifty- three plays of his repertory. His friends laughed. “You are boasting," Lovenjoul “You have every one of these plays in your library,” sald Coquelin quietly. “Get them all out and put them on the table. The Viscomte did so. “Now," sald Coque- lin, “let anybody select a cue from any one of these plays at haphazard and give it to me." They tried him with sixteen plays out of the fifty-three and he did not make one mistake. know well sald the Viscomte de ity R Looking for His Fiftee Wite. The careless fallure of an Emporia, Kan., woman to get a legal separation from her husband has just cheated Owen Reeves, 77 years old, also of that city and for years a resident of Duquoin, Ill, of his fifteenth wife. Although several of his fourteen unions have ended ingloriously, Reeves still .regards marriage as a blissful success. He is now In the field for another wife. “When a man decides he llkes a woman he should pop the question right away,” sald Reeves recently., “Never once did T spark a woman more than five times, and as to the sparking it uld never be done in the dark and In secrecy, but straight- forward and open. 1 have proposed several times right in company “Every man needs the companionship of a §00d woman, and T am going to have an- other one as moon as 1 can get her. I wedded for the first time In Calhoun county, lllinols, when I was 14 years old Preachers have married me the most times, but 1 hav married a few times by squires and justices of the peace.” been motive goes to the shop only two or three times a year, where the steam locomotive must be overhauled constantly. Moreover, the cost of repairs of the electric machiine 1s inslgnificant compared to the cost of maintenance of the stewm locomotive. b Electric Water Heater, Germany has produced the first effective water heater for the bath room. It is six inches In dlameter and two feet high Water is admitted at the bottom. Turning the electric switch permits enough water to enter to fill the system of pipes, thus insuring them against burning out, and this 1s heated to 140 degrees Fahrenhelt in about forty seconds. The stopcock below the switch s then opened, when a steady stream rises over a scries of water tight inclosing the heating colls and emerges at the overflow quite hot enough for the bath. The current can be either that of twelve power in- candescent lamps of the ordinary kind or half as much, the latter giving correspond- ingly slower heating. The cost of the rent necessarily varles, but even ay the high rate of 10 cents an hour the expense for a hot bath would be small, e Story of the Electrie Fan. Of all the hot weather electric fan Is easily shade brings a little of the July sun, surfaces sixteen-candle cur comforts the the first. A bit of rellef from the heat a bit of oracked ice properly applied to certaln hot weather beverages helps to keep the suf- terer a few degrees below a dangerous temperature; but It is the little electric fan which brings the cool breezes of the hills into the hottest apartment, into the swelt- ering city flat or the hot office. No matter how hot the sun shines, no matter how much electricity In the alr, no matter how strifling and stagnant the atmosphere ~the touch of a button and the cooling breezes are at the command of anyone4n any quantity or velocity desired Blectricity 18 the magiclan which holds captive the rays of the sun and lets them out after nightfall to drive away the som- ber shades of night; who takes the heat of the coal and brings it into the house to cook the foods and heat the rooms; who takes the power from the falling water and carrles it miles and miles to turn with the wheels of Industry and transportation. And, not content with all these wonders, electricity has stuffed into its wonder bag the four winds and releases them at command, The electric fan was an American inven- tion which has been developed within the last few years until millions of the fans are in use throughout the world, Back in the early '80s Dr. 8. 8. Wheeler, an elec- trical engineer of New York, was experi- menting with a small electric motor. In the course of his experiments the doctor conceived the idea that steamboats might be run with electricity if the propellors could be direct connected to high-speed electric motors, doing away with all the gears then In use in steam propulsion With this idea in mind he had a small screw-propellor constructed and fastened it to the armature shaft of his small motor. To his surprise the experiment resulted in a fine breeze of cooling air which more than delighted the experimenter, for the day was decidedly hot. It is needless to add that the experiments with screw-pro- pellors ended right there and the engineer took up the study of the electric fan with the result that he soon perfected the device until it was a commercial success. At that time all the fans were run by batteries. Later they were connected with the scries are lighting circults, but this was found to be as dangerous as it was unsatisfactory. Little advance wgs made until 1888 when a successful attempt was made to connect them with the new in- candescent lighting circuits, each fan to take the place of a lamp. Battery current was too expensive for this ventilating de- vice, but as soon as central station current was avallable the fan became popular at once, and about 159 the manufacture of electric fans began In earnest. A couple of years later the ceiling fan was Intro- duced and since that time the production of desk, bracket, celling and oscillating fals has grown by leaps and bounds and Ameri- an fans are now supplied to every ecivil- 1zed country on the map. your hundred each, and whenever I went shopping 1 had to take a servant to carry my purse. Such cash w here when 1 seed Korea In they for time Japanes Then nickel w s 1504, after Kore cr some war the but t counter u extent that value. The thetr nickel on the Japanese en Japanese own at country bank colnage, acceptl K the market ra ana f will be gold notes are everywhere and Japanese silver, nickel and are In common use. This ization of the finances has been great problems that the Japanese b had to deal with, but the vice minister finance, Mr. Arai, tells me that practically solved and that he anticipated no further trouble. He the govern ment has lost money In taking the Korean nickels at half rate and that the counter feits they have 1 to nccept have amounted to millions. They iiready exchanged ab ! yen of them, th worth something 11k valne instead of the tw 1 which it is taken on A basis. cotns 1t 18 now hav A Modern Banking Syst Aral has tem for Korea. The now the Ichi Bank, addition, industrial bar lana Mr. organized a bankin ing money They make cent a year, fally low ra trial banks have nectsd with them, office savings bank than 1400000 yen ! Koreans are puiting their these banks, although the Int paratively low. In addition to this the now organizing a system mal capital assoclations, These will have a central head, with about onc hundred branches, and will issue small loans (o petty farmers. The loans will be as as §25, and may be secured by crops and chattel mortgag All these things will tend to create thrift among the Koreans, which heretofore has been impossible on account the squeezing and insecurity of ‘all money. Indeed, one of the common Kor 1 Motk the crops and until spring he w tirst fr cash and water it. By frozen stitf, The put down another mud on top. This go unt!l he against long which a oans and m rest government 1 low n banks arth, and winter, When wanted to ud of the past has been ¢ this especlally so durin a farmer sold his Kkeep the money over aig a pit six feet tect square; and would put down a sprinkle earth and morning it would be next night he would layer of coins with would freeze and so he had a biock of fromen earth ard us ice, filled with these coins ai a thousind to the dollar. The work was d v and the result was such that it wou'd take days to recover the High Interest. 1 am surprised which the K g00d security ade cent a month, and th lenders are to say and the layer of over at he colns the enormous laterest paying. Loans at trom 2 to 6 per unscrupulous Japas getting that the way of loa at 1eans ™ nese moncy much more, It is only likewise, A propegty 1s house or lot and as, until means of reglst transfer of the should protect transaot! and houses into the hands of the former, re great borrowers aad they ca sist the temptation. The think of pay day until it comes, not able to thei falr natives do ng on the dei bt pa‘d common to hand in case the loan 18 not now, there have b ation, this propesty the K If they do not of the country Japa all the will reans 8. money result are mec gations Child Nation of Indecd, it ment to protect class of its subjects running this country nation of childre ground down In the not learned to hustle themselves. They are and trusting, and the can casily take advantage 1s doing so today, notwithstanding t ernment tries to prevent It and authorities should put the scr punish severely all such Ito has tried to do this, tent of sending back a | the Japanese who ha: that they were not fit try. It s this element that k rean about, cheats him and 1f possible, by his houses and lands. I element among the small bands over the c thelr superfor officers, the killing of many der the name of insurg the government does rigid policy, 18 lkely reputation as having the best, the kindest the most refined and the most humane sol diers earth. Indeed, it that Japan has in this | which has come to Korea a problem more serious than the people think. If Prince Ito could transmit to the Japaneso in Korea the same feeling of brotherly love and charity which he and the better class Japanese have they would sson make the Koreans the strong friends Ja and bulld them up as an independent but powerful element for good in the Jananes FRANK G. CARPENTER Japunese & trom s up to the the Kore who he They have b past that they and to look wonderfully Japan K now shrewd of Ho the na Prince on wa offenses even to the ex- rge number of to be in th here, sayin means « attered wway fr 1s leading lers untry whick innocent nt Koreans and which not pursue a mors to Japan its on seems to ma ow clags element an empire.