Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, April 25, 1909, Page 22

THE OMAHA SUNDAY BEE: APRII VIEW ALONG ROAD FROM CHEMULPO TO SBOUL-BUILT BY AMERICANS, (Copyright, 1909, by Frank G. Carpenter.) EOUL, 1909.—(8pecial Corre- #pondence of The Bee.)—When I first visited Korea it took me seven davs by steamer to come from Yokochama to Che- mulpo and a day more by ¢hair to make my way overland from the seaport to the -papital 1 have Just arrived | 8eoul, having cov- ered the same distance in less than two days Japan has a rallroad line which practically reaches from her capital to the capital of Korea. Her imperial rail- roads now take one in a day from Tokio to Shimoneseki, where there is a ferry mcross the Sfrait of Korea to Fusan There the new Korean raflroad Begins and in about ten hours one is carried In com- fortable cars northward to Seoul The whole railroad distance is just about as far as from New York to Chicago, and it is now covered by fast express trains, Korea New Raillros In this letter 1 write of the new rall- ways of Japan and Korea. The trunk lines of both countries are now under the control of the mikado. They have Japa- nese officials, conductors and trainmen, and are practically Japanese. All the +ilroads of Korea belong to the Japanese. The one first bullt was under a conces- sion grantéed by the former emperor to an American syndicate headed by James R. Morse, but before it was completad it was turned over to the Japanese, and they have owned it for the last ten years This iv the short line from Seoul to Che mulpo. The road from Fusan to Seoul was built by a private company, but the gov- ernment guaranteed its bonds and con- trols it, During the war with Russia this lne was extended 300 miles northward to the Yalu river, and it now has a branch which connects that terminus with Muk- den and the Trans-Siberian system. Another road has been begun from Seoul t0 Gensan on the eastern side of the peninsu'a. This will go right across Korea, connecting the west apd east coan The construction was started som@ timo ago at each end of the line. About three miles have been bullt out from Beoul, and also a short strip west from Gensan. Just now, on account of the hard times, this work has temporarily stopped, but as the commerclal prospects brighten It will bo taken up again and pushed to its completion. It is expected that the other roads will be relald with new tles and ralls, and that the whole system as far as Mukden will be made first-class In every respect. As it Is now, the section north of the Yalu is a dinky narrow gauge with cars little better than omnibuses. The track fs so poor that the trains do not go at night, and it is cur- réntly reported that the trains stop two hours at noon to allow the employes and passengers Ume for a it g Raflway Building in Korea. Raflroad bullding In Korea is far dif- forent from tie same class of englineer- ing in the United States, In the first place the rights-of-way offer strange com- plications. Al the way from Fusan to Beoul we passed grave mounds, and the road here and there went through grave- rds. The road from Chemulpo to the capital neceseitated the removal of more than 2,000 graves, and the city lots of the dead cost more than our city lots of the living. The average grave did not cover more than a square yard, but the railroad company had to pay from §1 to $8 each for the cost of removal, and got at the same time the 11l will of the families of the deceased. The Koreans have a queer way of planting thelr graves anywhere They Fave few fixed cemeteries, und they select much spols on the sides of the hilla a8 the necromancers tell them are lucky, and there lay away their loved ones. Many families take care of their graves frou: generation to generation, and they deeply resent any Injury to them, It the same in China, which Is without ma rallrosds today largely because of this sentiment. PR AS Made in America The road from Seoul to Chemulpo was construeted by Korean labor under Ameri- can engineers. That from Fusan to Seoul was bullt by Japanese and Koreans, and the same s true of the road fr here to the Yalu. All of these roads ar standard American gauge, and nearly are equipped with American rail enty-five pounds each. The rallway ma- terial lmported last year amounted to more than $2,000,000, and over one-third of this came from the United Siates All the roads have American bridges or Ameri- can bridge material. The one on which I crossed the Han river consists of ten spans of about X0 feet each, and it was made by the Carnegle Steel company. Tt most of the spikes of the roads north of here caTe from the Illinois Steel com- pany, and the ties ure largely American. On the northern route many of the bridges are of wood, bullt on piles. They were constructed as a military necessity, and will have to be replaced by better ma terial e bridges betw Seoul and Fusan are of steel. Last yea Xty spans of tron girders were Imported from our country for the system and mor. ar wanted. Al of these roads are operated with Awmerican locomotives. There are now more than 100 In use, the most of them .Baldwins, made at the Philadelphla works. There are forty-nine Baldwin locomotives of fifty tons each on the lino between Seoul end Antung, and some of the cars come from tlie United States. The rolling stock now employed here Is more than half American, and it includes 107 locomotives, # passenger cers and something like 600 frelght cers. The Japanese find our standard gauge far better for sbeir traffic tMn the par- row geuge, which Dow prevails through- out Japan proper. There are over 500 miles of narrow guage railroads in the island empire of the mikado, and they are by no means sufficlent to carry the traf- fio. In an Interview which I 'had with Baron Goto, the imperial minister of eom- munications, he told me that the roads would have to be standarized and that eventually they would have the same gauge as ours. The government is very anxious to do away with the bad strip be- tween ‘the Yalu afnd Mukden so that through sieeping cars can go from Fusan to Moscow, St. Petersburg and Parls, Buch cars would travel 600 miles over the Korean peninsula and hundreds of miles further before they reached Russian terri- ritory As it is now, the accommodations are so bad from Korea to the Trans-Si- berian system that passengers come down to Dalney and there take ship for Japan or go to Viadivostock, and get steam- ers there which, In the course of a few days, land them at Nagasaki* With the new road there will be only the ferry at the Korean straits to cross, and this is dome In a night with no more trouble than the voyage from Bos- ton to New York or from Buenos Ayres to Montevideo. In coming here my train reached Shimonesekl at § o'clock in the evening. By daybreak the next morning we were in sight of the thirsty moun- tains of Kored, and an hour or so later were landed on the pier of Fusan. Cheap Ratizond Pares. The rafiroad fares in his part of the world are lower than ours. On all trains there are first, second and third class cars, and the rates are under % cents per mile. Over here In Korea, a frontler gompany just opening up for trade, the third class fares are far below (hose of our Immigrant traffic. Up to fifty miles such passengers pay 1% cents a mile and from that distance to 100 miles one-quarter of a cent less. The rate for a trip of from 100 to 200 miles is only 1 cent, and for one of 300 miles or more one-half of 1 cent per mile. At these rates one could go from New York to Chicago for less than $5. Commutation tickets are issued for parties, and twenty or more are taken at 50 per cent under the regular rates, while a round (rip ticket cuts down one's fare just one- fifth In coming from Kobe to Shimonesek! I rode on what might be called the Japa- nese limited express The distance was 376 miles and 1 had a sleeper, although it was in the daytime. The extra rate charged for the fast train and the supe- riof accommodations was 75 cents, o just what one pays for @ seat in & chair OCEAN FERRY BOAT AT FUSAN. car from Washington to Philadelphia, which 18 only a little more than one-third the distance Station Lunches and Dinnera The eating is very cheap on all the Japanese roads. This is so for both na- tives and forelgners, and especlally the former. 1In Japan peddlers come to the cars at every stop with hot tea and cold lunches. The usual price for the latter is 7% cents, and for the tea, including the earthenware pot and the cup which goes with it, only 2 cents of our money The tea is served fresh, the green leaves belng dropped into the pot and the hot water poured on while you look It s then covered and the cup turned upside down on the top. You can take it iInto the car with you and carry pot and all home if you like. The f7-cent lunches are put pp in little pine boxes an inch thick, four inches wide and six inches long. Two of such boxes contain one lunch. The upper one has several slices of omelet, some vegetables and seaweed dried and cooked. On the top are chop- sticks made of fresh pine wood and in such a way that you have to split them apart before you use them, thus proving that they have not been left over from some’ previous meal. In the lower box there is about a pint of the whitest Jap- anese rice, well steamed but served cold The customers eat this as bread, shovel- ing it into their mouths with the sticks. As to the dining car meals they are all the usual accompaniments American dining car. me the menu which was served a la carte can compare the prices with those of our restaurants money you can have an omelet a meat croquette, ordinary beefstcak on an American liner costs from of a steak here is 10 cents and of roast cents and a slice The portions sold are much less in size but the steak of the eatable: bread and tea and coffee The price of cake fis cost the same. cents and frult cents upward The same same menu is used on the first- also have me: of three courses with dessert and tea or a breakfast LOADING FREIGHT IN COREA coffee costing 36 cents, a luncheon of four courses 40 cents and a dinmer of five courses §0 cents — Free slippers for Passengers. On the fadt express trains of Korea and Japan a pair of slippers is furnished each . first-class passenger for use during the trip. The porter takes one's shoes and blacks them, whether he rides over night or not, and is well satisfied if ne gete a 10-cent fee upon leaving. The porters are Japanese boys in blue uni- form and red caps. Thelr coats are dec- orated with silver buttons, and both body and clothes are as clean as a pin. They are very polite and keep the cars free from dust, rubbing off the furniture at every few stations At all the Japanese raliroad depots there are porters in red caps and biue clothes ready to buy one's ticket, carry the baggage and show him into the cars. A fee of b cents is always satisfactory Jinrikishas for the varfous hotels can be had at the stations at from 5 to 15 cents a trip, and the rates for basgage are low i Second and Third Cl The second-class cars of both Korea and Japan are about as comfortable as the first. Those of Japan are not unlike our Passengers. Omaha’s (Continued from Page One) companies of the United States for drilling and keeping camp at Memphis, Tenn., win- ning much money as well as glory. The Omaha Guards, the other organization, had also won a splendld reputa- tlon for soldlerl conduct. That thelr holiday showing was not other than the real thing was proved when they were called on for business ip the field. February 20, 1899, the following appeared in a telegram “from the front: “The First Nebraska is gaining the repu- tation of the fighting regiment of the Eighth army corps. Since thelr capture of the water works on February 5 they have retained possession of the works, and have protected the roads leading into Manila as far as the deposito. A battalion of the Oregons and a battalion of the Wyominks are attached to the Nebraskas, under the command of Colonel Stotsenberg.” The same telegram tells of the situation of the Nebraska companies, and indicates sympathy for M, “left as camp guard at Santa Mesa.” L company was holding the pumping station, “until on the morning of February 7 Company L, under Captain Taylor, went out on a scouting expedition through the valley for six or seven miles, and after capturing and receiving the sur- render of Maraquina, returned to camp with many relles and appetite large enough to eat the much-hated hardtack and swear it is the finest they ever had.” At this time H company, under Lieutenant Moore, was also scouting through the rice flelds and brush and ran onto a band of insurgents, who fired and ran away. Two of "the Filipinos were killed and several wounded, but Musiclan Willlam H. Dis brow sustained a severe wound in the right thigh In this little shooting match. Again on February 17 nine companies of the First Nebraska “had quite a lively battle with the Insurgents near Mara- quina.” And so it went, day after day. A New York Herald dispateh dated March 28, 1880, sald of tb advance on Malolos at one point: “Masked by the wood, the Nebraska volunteers were not seen by the enemy. They suddenly opened a flank fire on the insurgent line and left thelr trenches with a great shout. At sight of them the whole insurgent force, officers and men, fled pell mell. The eager Ne- braska men® chased them a mile and a half, but were finally drawn back by Gen- eral MacArthur to preserve the line in- tact." The list of kllled and wounded Nebraska soldiers on one battle was: Killed, Ser geant Walter Poor. A, of York. Wounded Captain Lee Forby, alterward died; Harry oldiers in A. Schuman, A; Roscoe C. Osman, C; Ward 8. Roberts, G: E. Young, C: Otls Fend, K; Willlam J. Koopman, David O. Barnell, Bdward A. Pegau, Captain Wal- lace C. Taylor, Robert E. Fritscher, all of Omaha; Clarence A. Fay, Fremont; Ward €. Crawford, South Omaha; John B. Rob- inson, M. “People heard so much about the Ne- braska regiment because we nearly alwavs happened to be where trouble started,” said D. O. Barnell, with a smile. Bdward J. Lafferty, another L company man, writing on March 20, 169, sald: “They can tell you all they want to about the Ne- braskans eferoaching and trying to start a flght, but every man who ever went on guard stood more than he would ever stand again from any man or nation.” This had particular reference to the firing of the first shot by Wiiliam Grayson of D com- pany. when he killed an obstreperous Filip- ino lleutenant, who had been bullying the patient Amerfean volunteers from Nebraska doing sentry duty on the extreme front near famous block-house No. 7. “That fool Filipino wouldn't keep his agresd distance, and wouldn't be decent as he promised Stotsenberg; so he went dead after being ordered thres time to halt says a veteran of L company. Thrice told tales are the close calls ex- perienced by nearly all the Nebraska boys in the Philippines, at different times. At- tempts to kill them by bullets were not the only dangers they faced, however. The kindness that sometimes kills was ex- ercised against them in Omaha and in Lin- coln before they started for San Francisco on May 16, 188. When they arrived In San Francisco for the second time, on thelr way home, July 26, 189, the gladness of be- ing home was accentuated by the kindly treatment of many enthusiastic friends. A state reception committee, with ‘€. O Whedon of Lincoln as chairman, was on hand, but a big demonstration planned for “down the bay" by Governor Poynter and General Rarry, his adjutant, who were present, did not pan out. There was more noise In many a Nebraska town because of the return of the First than at the point of thelr arrival at the time thereof. That was simply a fluke, however, Colonel Mulfred was In command, and Lieutenant Colonel Colton remained in Manila, where he still 1s, It took until the morning of July 31 to get the boys ready to march to the Presidio, but when they did get onto the streets the Cali- fornlans “went bugs," the veterans have It. Omaha's sendoff was quite gener- ously duplicated in San Francisco's wel- come. After “‘a diet of battles more regular than rations,” as Major Taylor put it, there was, perhaps, a trifle of danger con- ARIAN DAVIS is the newly elected president of the Zlon irfes of Omaha. At a m Ing of the Zion Fairles the fol lowing officers were clected: President, Marian Davis; vice president, Yettle Nathan; secvetary, Jen- nie Blumenthal; treasurer, Esther Tatel; recorder, Pearl Greent trustees, Anna Milder, Lottle Goo@man, Florence Ringle and Mollle Wolf. The Zion Fairles have now had thel fourth clection of officers. At each elec- tion the new officers endeavor to Improve the soclety, and this time the officers have various plans of improvement. They are capable and carnest workers, and as pri- vate members of the soclety have shown great achlevements. Marlan Davis is a bright young miss of 12 years and s a favorite with her sister Zionists, as she was chosen by a unani- mous vote of the club. She Is & very prom- ising president. The Pasach feast was very ¢ ately ctiebrated by the Zion Fairics; & beautiful program was arranged by Esthcr Tatel, captain of the First band; the passover story, or the history of the freedom of the Jews from slavery, was related, and each member telling spmething about our great hero, Moses. After the business of the house was transacted & feast was spread by the mem- Fairies MARION DAVIS. bers of the First band, Esther Tatel a leader. The next meeting will be held May 2 at Fraternity hall. The program will be arranged by Bertha Brown, captain of the Becond band. “the Fight cealed in the baskets of fruit and other delicacles sent to the boys at the Presidio In The Bee of August 1 a staff corres- pondent said: The nolse pf the reception along the lin of march was such as to almost deafen the Nebraska visitors, and it was always the loudest when the' tattered battle flags of the regiment appeared in sight. The return- ing regiment got a taste of a royal western welcome and a sample of the reception that is to meet them at home. Enthusiasm eigns not only In camp, but all over the city today. Next day two months' pay was on hand and the theaters were free, with rich feed- Ing galore—and what the returning fighters didn't do for recreation and long-denied enjoyment “In Ged's country” wasn't on any list of pleasure available. Some fow were In hospital or convalescing and had to lay low, In bitterness of spirit, unless possessed of the temperament to take joy from others’ happiness, While away from home the First Ne- braska had lost twenty-five killed in action, fourteen from wounds, twenty-three suc- cumbed to diseasc and one was drowned The companies had the following recor lossos: Died Died Killled 13 of Drown in action. wounds. disease, ed Company A.... 3 1 3 Company B ] 1 2 Company €..... i Company D..... 2 Company 12 Company ¥ Company G Company H QCompany 1..... Company K..... Company 1. ing First” The Second Nebraska,_ during its sojourn L, as made up before muster out: Colonel John Stotsenberg. Forby, Corporal Charles 0. Kells, Martin O. Whitmore and “They were all really killed in action ex- Quartermaster who has a gallant company Lege, Maynard E. Kred Taylor One of the Francisco was the ircidents of the stay Huntington's rancisco to Ogden, in ralsing the Theompson came through with his gen contribution soldiers were carried to the Presidio, and sleep was post- subseription paid to the to the home stations mustering out, home coming! Nebraska companies taken enroute the veterans haa decided to come through to the metropol to be grected and to sce the exposition in its glory. They arrived on the morning of Thursday, August 21, after a vain en- deavor had been made to have them break up at Lincoln the night before. Any at- tempted plcture, In words, of that reception would not describe it better than the open- ing sentences of the write-up given in The Bee of that date: “With clanging bells and screaming whistles, with fluttering flags and vinging cheers, with tears of joy and rapturous em braces, Omaha welcomed back to home and loved ones the boys who sixteen months ago shouidered thelr muskets and marched away under the silken banner of the First Nebraska, to bring it back stained and bullet-torn, but wreathed with the bright- est laurels of the long campalgn. It was a greeting worthy of Omaha, worthy of Ne- braska and worthy of the gallant regl ment that is the proudest possession of the Pralrie state. The returned fighters were made to feel that there is, indeed, no place like home and no home like Nobraska, which is still as prond of them and thelr achievements as it was on that historic day when It suspended the receptions to the the world at large to give hand, Heart and high hurrah to its herolc sons. They are as welcome today as they were at the warmest moment of that soul-thril- ling time on another day when they were younger by several years and stll wore the clothes of war, James H. (fan}ield_---A (Continued trom Page One.) Mr. Blank, formerly connected with the ex- position movement in your city, and one of the committee sent Lo Columbus the year before to secure the attention and co-operation of Columbus merchants, etc. That he had been at Washington on some bysiness with the government in connection with the closing up of the accounts of the Omaha exposition, had reached here on his return journey and had left the sleeper at the Union station to get his breakfast, and when undertaking to pay for his break- fast at the close of the meal had found that his pockctbook, containing all his money, passes, etc., had been lost or taken from him. He had spent the rest of the morning at the station wondering what he could do and how he could do it had happeped to recollect at the last mo- ment that I was a Nebraska man, that I had met this committee when he was here before, and that I might remember him. I am always ready to bank $10 on a Ne- braska man under any clrcumstances—and though there was a little wave of sus- picion went over my mind at the time, he seemed so entirely reputable in every way that I gave him check without hesita tion—by Which was to telegraph for funds to be wired him at Cincinnati and pay his fare to Cincinnati, where he « pected to stay that night, having some ex position business there the next morning. I have heard nothing from him since and a letter to him some time ago does not seem to have reached him. I have abo come to the conclusion that this is one of my several periodical contributions to the traveling public, but it occurs to me that if it is not too much trouble, I would to know from you whether there is such person at Omaha or otherwise if so, If you happen to know anything about him. Do not put yourself to any special trouble in thix matter. I confess it is more shee curiosity than anything else that prompts me to write, unless it be that this glves m an opportunity to recall our pleasant rela tions in daye goue by and to express my continued respect and regard That certainly shows ihat he was in tensely human and, lke the rest of u prone to pay for our experfences and pocket our losses and then go through the same experience again Let me read from sull another letter which I am sure will fall on sympathetic cars, because it relates to 3 subject which has recently been a focal point of dis cussion here. It is in answey to a note of mine, enclosing something I had writ ten, calling attention to the unjust dis erimination against the state universitigs embodied in the terms of the original grant of the Carnegle foundation for re trement pensions for college professors. Dated New York City, May 3, 185, Dr. Cantield writes: I bhave yours wiht your eliterial on the discrimination announceme T shall cer Let me add just wora more, should be a solace and a comfort for those back with recollections this assoclation Canfield’s memory. representing he encountered one of those Nebraska products known as a Unfortunately keeping all the appointments he had orrespondence immediately I take this Congregation will lecture Intellectual Douglas streets, Continental and his views on the subject are due investigation friend of the late Hertal, their immortal leader orators for and diligent an Intimate Order of Knights of mal congress otien of Zion- both national and educational, and will Sunday night extended to wll ‘Phese lectures are open to the public and Is the desire the committee who wish attend on Sunday Manv-éidéci Man joy, despite the adverse weather condi- tions: The week which T spent in Kansas and Nebraska was delightful beyond words to express. The Retort Courteous. ‘A stout Irish woman, bearing a number of bundles, entered a crowded car,” sald Henry B, Kelly of Cincinnati, 0. “Tho only resemblance of a seat she could find was @ small space at the right of a dis agreeable youth. Into this space, sufficient only for an individual of ordinary size, she squeezed herself, much to the annoyance of the youth. “After & moment or so the Irish woman produced a cheese sandwich, which she proceeded to devour with every evidence of relish. At this the youth gave her a look of ineffable disgust, and drew the skirts of his frock coat closer to him. “ suppose, me lad,’ good-naturedly, sald the woman, ‘that'you'd pray furr to have & gintleman sittin’' nixt to yer? ‘I certainly would,' snapped the young- ster. 'S0 would 1’ calmly responded the fat him a person.”—Washington Post Lectures on Zionism DR. R, FARBER. street cars in shape, with long benches running under the windows the full length of the cars and an aisle In the middic These benches are cushioned just as eur cars at home. and are comfortable in that one can stretch himself ofit at full length when there are but few other passengers The first-class cars are patronized chiefly by foreigners and high officials, and the second class by well-to-do Japanese. 1 often go second class, and find it quite comfortable. One's fellow passengers s ually take off their shoes or shed thelr sandals and sit on thelr heels on the seats The third-class cars are exceedingly rough. They have wooden benches and are used only Wy the poorer classes, most of whom are dressed In native costumes. In the Korean cars the men wear tail black horse halr hats and long gowns of white or pink, which reach to their feet They have full white trousers tied in at the ankles, and stockings of wadded cot- ton a half an inch thick. Their shoes are low and heavy and often hob-nailed. Thera are also women dressed in white with green capes over their heads, and porters who look dirty enough as they take the luxury of a ride from one station to an- other, There are gaily dressed boys who wear gowns of bright colors and part their hair in the middle and plait it in one long brald down thelr backs. There are Japanese of the lower classes In kimonos, and many Japancse private soldiers on thelr way from post to post. There aro Buddhist priests and pilgrims who travel third class both here and in Japan, and altogether a fair sample of every type of the common people of both principalities. At the Korean Stations. The new stations on the Corean rail- roads are well bullt. The roadway is graded so that it is level with the cars, and it is separated from the tracks by stone facings. There are military guards at every depot, and the Japanese and Corean flags are often crossed over the entrances. This {8 especially so when the army officers go over the road. The train which brought me to Scoul had sov- eral companles of privates in fits third- class cars and there was a colonel or general who traveled first class. Delega- tlons of Japancse and Coreans camo down to meet us and refreshments wero served to the common soldlers at many of the stops. At Taiku, a city of 60,000, and al one or two other large statfons the Japanese school children came en masse, to pay their respects to the troops, and they marched up and down, drilled by their teachers, crying: “Banzal!” or “M you live 10,00 At the same time, the masses of the Cores were separated from the station platfe by fencos and could only look thre the slats The rond from Seoul to Fusan is well built. It crosses several ranges of moun. talns and has one tunnel 4000 feet long. There aro about fifty stations along the line, the average distance between them belng less than six miles. I understand that the Coreans are using the road more and more, and that the freight Is steadily increasing. This s so on the road morth of Seoul and also on the line to Chemulpo, which i now ylelding a profit Man Against Sream. Both here and In Japan the railroads have & big competition with human muscle. All along the way from Toklo to Shimonesckl 1 saw men, women and hoys hauling great loads in carts from town to town. They were harnessed up like horses and they bent half double as they pulled their vehicles onward, There were carts drawn by bulls or bullocks, and not a of stocky ponfes. 1 saw an old man and & young woman, the latter with a baby on her back, dragging a load of 0od, and passed hundreds of women car rying great burdens. 1 am told that 600 or 700 pounds Is an average cartload for two persons and that twelve miles is a fair day's march. Bullock carts are usually drawn by only one animal, and horse carts lMkewlse. In such cases the driver walks by the animal's head, instead of sitting on the load, as our people do. The frelght bullocks and horses are shod with straw, and In the Interior these straw shoes cost about 1 cent aplece. Korean Transportation. Here in Corea, where the rallroads are only & few years old, the travsportation methods are even more crude. For thou- sands of years these people have carried all thelr goods from place to place, on the backs of men or pack animals, and they do so today. There are bullock carts in the clties, but the country roads are little more than bridle paths, and about everything 1 packed from one place to an- other. The porters have a regular trade, and they have one of the strongest gullds or unlons of the country. They carry thelr loads on a framework made forked sticks which Is fastened to the back in such @ way that the burden some times rises above the head. This frame is called “the Jiggy" and it is In common use all over Corea. I found Jiggy men at the whart at Fusan ready to take my trunks thelr backs. They rested their jiggles on the ground, propping each with a forked stick whiie they put on the load. They then kneit down and thrust thelr arms through the two padded which fastened them to thelr shoulders, and rose, carrying the weights with them. I am told that the average por n get up with 20 or 300 pounds on his back, and that he can earry 50 pounds at a pinch. The average lomd for a long journey is 100 pounds, and a porter will take that welght thirty wiles a day and not kick. A great deal of goods is carried on pack ponles and not a little on the backs of bulls which trained for the purpose. Buch bulls are shod with fron, and they are & common skght every- where. FRANK G. CARPENTER.