Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, December 23, 1900, Page 16

N NEBRASKA of repre novice Very few clected for prakershiy term n peaker tion of the the speaker of the entatives usually a representatives than terms and ordinarily goes to a second the end of his term as either on his own mo people While most ided over the houst the present constitu state, but has term as speaker the two speakers party, the house 1807 term house is more two the At retire mn he that of the who have or pre of the one the wdoption tion lving in one erved more than Hon, J. N furnished over the the ses first 1803, Gatlin the deliberations of of populist of and W second one by presided during He was member, in of the majority elected speaker good thing if repeated experienced i eled and in member ng a party It would were Was again his for member 1 than i as certain that presiding oficer be than one not acquainted with For his itate take be a experience it is of an more often that slature cer the mn tain an legl more g experienced one, Is Just experienced efficient the duties should he spcaker without an can Hore own sake, nin the previous experience lature, for the of good work, a presiding officer should be kept he s a member and willing to Mr. Gatlin an illustration of for whatever may be sald of his first term cand 1 have heard no criticism of it) it certain that in his term e made one of the ablest and fairest presiding officers the ever had 1t would be a good thing for the state if we followed the plan of and elected re clected the speaker long his party stays power, and then we might develop cmall way, such men Blaine and Randall and Crisp and Reed The do otlices u ol the to position in lewl skt good as long serve s is this, is second state has CONRIess and same a in a as as us hardest work that to be a speaker has to elected—this true of most as well But after he has been and inducted into ofMice he has one hard tasks First and foremost these the selection and appoint- of employes Usually, after fow of the most important have been filled by election, a resolution passed empowering the speaker to appoint all necessary employes. Most people think that this leaves the watter entirely in his hands His friends think it and all those who have is is clected or o two anmong went 18 a oftices is friends anxious for jobs are glad to believe it. But it is far from the truth. While the actual appointments are made by the speaker, practically they are made by the members belonging to his political party The speaker cannot and does not fail ap point the persons named by the members as long as there are positions to be filled. The nost that he can do is to consult the terent members and find out which position their different apj are best fitted (Copyright, 1sw, by R. 8. Baker Prof. Ernst Haeckel of the University of Jeoa, in Germany, 18 perbaps the mos tinguished living evolutionist AD A8t ciate and co-worker with Darwin, Huxley and Spencer, he has lived to see the tl of evolution become generally scientitic law the world over. He in continental Europe, in building up great fabric of concrete proof for Darwi theory, what Huxley did in England. His published works now reach the proportious dis @ accey has d of & small lbrary, his “Natural History of Creation' having been translated ipto no fewer than twelve languages In & recent interview with Prof. Haeckel at his home in Jena 1 questioned him re garding the future development of the hunan race, physical and intellectual, the tendency of the race, whether progressive or retrogressive; the chief influences work- ing upon modern life, and the probable trend of progress in scientific research The appended notes of the interview have been carefully reviewed nd revised Dby him, and therefore may stand as an au theritative expression of his views Firs as to the next stages in the developmen mankind the ey “It will be mostly mental lutic of a better and finer brain,” said Prof Haeckel “When man's brain beg ) develop rapidly there was no further need for great changes in his body And yet some physical changes are still goiug on Man will probably lose some of his teeth there being not the use for them that there wag, and there are signs that the little toes will also disappear, leaving man a four- toed animal. But these changes are of for, and then formally the pointments ber of the majority r make ) mem- illy has less to say about who shall be cmployed than has the peaker, A speaker who should arrogate to himself the right to say who should be employes of the house, even after he has been given the power by the house itself, would at once find himself at variance with his party mem bers and entirely without that support which he must have to succeed This question of employes is the most trying that the speaker has, and it does not end until the entire session {s over. Every speaker has a laudable desire to keep down the number on the pay roll as low as possible and still get effective work done He very m finds that this an almost hopeless task Each member of the majority is trying to get some constituent of his a place (he has probably promised ity and the minority has no interest in the mwatter and therefore gives the speaker no help When the places are all filled and the speaker has determined that there shall be no more some one moves that a clerk be given to some committee, and, if the resolution carrfes, a new name is added to the list. Or sometimes, usually late in the session member introduces a resolu- tion with a long preamble, setting out that John Doe has been doing work for the house some and that he has received no pay and that “the laborer is worthy of his hire,” ete., and that the bookkeeper put him on the pay roll The motion is usually adopted and thus the i1ist grows. Offers nod llustrations. To illustrate Prior to the session of 1804 the secretary of state appointed a carpenter to fix up the desks of the mem- bers and such work as was needed around the house. He worked some after the session commenced. On the drawing of the first vouchers for employes he was paid with the others, but as there did not seem to be any need of a carpenter he w told that he would receive no further pay No house carpenter was appointed On the next pay day he presented a claim for payment as house carpenter, The speaker refused to approve his voucher and thought that was the end of ft. But it was not He was on hand each day Whenever a member had any trouble with his desk Kkeys (which was not infrequent with the miserable desks used) he would for them 1 in many ways he made solid with the members, Just be- sessiorn sed a resol n was in- 1 ASCS set- t ne the work, that lat f his hire,' etc., Interview small significance compared with our men tal development.' Field for Fuature Thinkers, Prot howev Haeckel t W ar as s A rK in developing mankind and fasci nating fleld of study apr ev ti P t must be a product and the application of the t to political and social e nomy X ation are most hopeful of work for future thinkers Life was never more x tha tis today,” said Prof. Haeckel i prog the exact velog Man at pres 8 veloping or retrograding in 1 b W rica has rent re the individual is devel 1; he has great powers and responsibilities—the 1 he unit say how these great Who shall fluences will work o X of of e spoke } e, wh Y years ago of influences ¢ ) nstance ortant f modern Pletures convey {deas swiftly and ae therefore they serve a new and powert factor in education, scientific education particular A m may become o paratively familiar with the animal form lesser ar ife irately as a vou Anc has It is cer t look them men on th aim « the n mitte to cher for his salary 1 and he got the = and directing the sl:.nl..r to approve T money 10 resoiu Another Hard Problem. ther hard pr is the interest well s bills problem face the bave the and the of the hese is f the mjority and to o of majority herculean on a « cach membe List of ane that 1 It speaker to put each member of number of com- of rtain standing the lected that task of selecting the P minority is Speakers GEOR( M EDWARD ALBINUS NANCE C. P H. H. SHEDD GEORGE M ALLEN W. FIE N. V. HARLAN JOHN C. WATSON M. ELDER J. N. GAFFIN L. RICHARDS J. N. GAFFIN PAUL F. CLARK E W SESSIONS S D 8 Other n there are earth s now al ere are no gration and the progress few hundre w ohange INSA\S ) COLLINS MATHEWSON nt This means the el the the committ spei residing mmittees referre ditfe to usually the ming Nebraski HUMPHREY s are n these 1 Most b This i rough whe Work. to wl ittent yo reme and for one § DO 8 ut lar, ew and wholly new pls nent inatior world The « 1 figh t 3 lack of strides er tion ker offi- to 1 to rent act the ity wre nost peo putation in or the hich ion of what ung wed put uch it 1 to which lon as ces in ives that and not it ely, dit in ACOS of 1 of influence which has had so great ¢ lur ons of discover ting either for mea in our leg lat is not so; any one « heard on any bill, and there no power to prevent A member who i not on the important committees has as much chance to do good work and make a reputation as those on the committee, and, b cause his time is not so fully taken up by committee work, frequently more jut the new members do not know this, and most of the members are new In the last session there were forty-four tanding committees, with a total « T members To arrange these satisfactorily to the members, to say nothing of other was no small job The speaker usuall has from Thursday afternoon to the fol lowing Monday to do this work in, and | is not to be wondered at that he frequently makes mistakes After he thinks that he has the work of arranging the committees all done he frequently has to make many changes Some member wants to be put on soni other committee or be left off one that he wed to for. If possible, accommodate volves many changes one on the committee ber aspires that can shifting ha the speaker de- him and this in Unless there is some which the mem be changed with him, to be made on perhaps a dozen before a proper arrangement is made At the last session, after the commit had all been arranged ready for announce ment, a request was made by a game protective association to have a certain member put on the committee on fish culture and game. This Is a committee that few care to be on, and, of course, the peaker was willing to make the change. To do it required changes on nine different com- mittees. This was only one of many changes that it seemed necessary to make after the work was supposed to be finished Work of With the above exceptions the position of speaker is not a difficult one to fill The members usually strive to help rather than to hinder him In the discharge of his dutles. Once establish a belief that he Intends to be fair and there will be little disagreement between him and the mem bers. This is as true of the minority a of the majority. It is possible for a mem ber to cause the speaker a good deal of annoyance, it {s true, but this rarely oceur: unless he himself is arbin ry arrdgant or uanfair Frequently attempt are made to get him into tangle ‘nn parliamentry practice, but these are usually good-natured and for the purpose of testing fluence and so on; and the strongest, most casily adaptable, most resourcefyl > most favored nations will win P'rof. Haeckel spoke of the remarkable retrogre ,..m [ the Latin races during the last few nl;w u as a striking instance of this new vm,‘.‘ e especially the retrogression of onc power ful Spain He also called attention to the sudden upward Progress of Japan It 1 as ever, the struggle between (he pecios fm‘ existence, and the sharper the ‘~1l1u."l‘ Within certain limits the Breater the (¢ velopment of the strong L asked Prof. Haeckel what in his opinfon were the next great avenue of developnie n.' In scientific research n I Science he said, “that the century has been the golden ¢ utneteent h raof selenc that there will never again e Y omany discoveries of profound importanc A Indeed, he is of the opinion that ther are no more great universal generali i to be made, like the law of the cons. rvation ot energy, the attraction of gravitat o \ the theory of natural evolution, Hq vl'lmil ‘ the work of future sclentists will de .. largely with the application the ' \ prineiples and generalizations already well keewn, By this he does not mean that wonderful new scientific discoverios will not be made, but that they will no have the profound importance of these funda mental laws “I look for the greatest future develo ment in the science of chemistry he |\.' He spoke of the attempts now being made te show that the seventy or more so-c led elementary substances may in reality only the forms of a few more elem ntary the speaker's capacity, rather than r hostility The members usually rally the support of the presiding officer in a ntest of this kind, regardless of party 1 indeed, it be a political question, when he receives only the support of hi own party and cares for no other. oOrdinarily the powers of the speaker are ited He is governed by well settled parliamentary rules, as well as by the rules of the house, and still more by that gen desire ) fairness that any rep resentiative body of Americans insist upon Let the speaker persistently ignore parlia mentary rules or establish a reputation for unfair treatment and he speedily loses his influence and his power is taken away by the house itself There are times, however, when the pre i officer has to take a strong hold on reins of power and control regardless of rules and times regardless of the house itself are rare occasions however, and the ability to grasp them vhen they come marks the capacity of th waker. Uniformly the speaker is upheld by the house as soon as it realizes the im portance of the position taken by him. This of course assumes that this arbitrary ruling is exceptional and in a great emergency In the session of 1888 a time had been agreed on by both houses at which to ad journ sine die. When that time arrived the work was not completed. The two house disagreed en some items in the genera 1 opriation bill Several confere committees had been appointed without any result. There was no other work to do \ lar number of the members were tem porar absent At this point an enthusi tic populist member obtained the recog nition of the chair and tne floor. He movt that inasmuch as the time fixed for journment had arrived the house adj without day The motion was regulan in order, and, in the condition the hou was in, was liable to carry This woul have left the state without any genera tppropriation bill, which would have necs itated an extra session of the legislatur at great expense. In this crisis the speak: refused to put the motion, refused to « tertain an appeal from his ruling, recos nized another member while the former or had the floor and procecded with the bu ness of the house This proceeding on th part of the peaker was arbitrar but it wis justified by the exigencies of the occa ton and was sustained by the house A session of the legislature is short an intense The speaker is always busy ar must be alert But the work is easy an the responsibility not great., With desire and a determination to treat ever member and every measure fairly he nothing that need pernlex or bother h PAUL F. CLARK Speaker of the House of Representative 18 Great Evolutionist substances, mentioning the speculation that science would one day find that there was really only one substance at the basis of all things one clement of which the s called seventy odd elements are merel forms of different composition of atoms I'he conversation as to the outlook 1 chemistry drifted naturally to that subje which 1 o often presented itself to th imaginative scientist, that of the abilit of men to produce a living substance L artiticial processes, in other wor to ma life. Hacckel believes firmly that some d this will be done, that it is not at all b yond the range of science, strange and probable it may scen We had bet tting at the open windows of Haecke udy. The professor pointed outside t¢ beautiful green foliage of the len It is only what those plants are d Ul the tin he sa n par of carbon, hydr en and so0 on and co 0l nous substan ( plasm, the living substance. Science combine these element as nature d the proportions b exact ) V1 not yet to produce life. The albume [ cule i very cor ited ence does 1 Kknow yet t how the various at carbon, oxygen and so on which cot it are united and all attempts to solve the really i how the elements ar ! AHEh i have been so far without But 11 ve firmly that this great ¢ ! Will some v be solved. If it is tl artificial production of life will be a possi bility ' &\ A v