Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, October 6, 1895, Page 13

MANUAL TRAINING FOR WOMEN | Jmportant Problem of Domestic Service and the Bolntion, WHAT OLD WORLD HISTORY TEACHES Pomestie Training Schools an Un qualified Saceess Abroad—An Fx- e for the United States to Follow. The problem of domestic service ls one that touches a majority of the homes of the Jland. Ten years ago there was an abundance of materal to select from, and housekeepers experienced little difficulty in supplying their needs. But the supply of servants has not kept pace with the demand. In fact, the decrease has been so marked In recent years as to attract general public attention and discussion. Among the many solutions of the problem oftered, that of Mrs. Gracia Vroo- man in the Arena possesses unques ticned merit, Mrs. Vrooman is the wife of Rev. F. B. Vrooman of who has been filling the pulpit of the First Congre gational church, and daughter of General Jchn €. Black of llinols. Mrs. Vrooman's paper s as follows: Three years ago, on returning home to Chi- ;0 from a long journey, 1 found that a certain little mald's supply of school frock had arrived at that point in their history when they, like the deacon’s one-horse shay were ready to go to pleces all at once. It is one of the curious things about children’s ciothes that they have a way of wearing out Without any warning and altogether. With this dire event pending I wrote to my seam- stress asking her to come to me at once. In a day or two I received a letter saying that she was engaged for weeks ahead; so 1 wrote to another woman who had worked for me, and she too sent word that she could give me no time until a month or six weeks later. Then I obtained from my friends the addresses of several women whom they recommended; time was pressing, and 1 called upon these to find in every case that it was impossible to secure their services. This was discouraging. But 1 went to the Young Wom- current Boston, affairs of the house, Thus a girl Is taught as much bookkeeping as fs necessary to keep the household accounts accurately and neatly. She understands taxes. She knows how to lease a house and what are her legal responsi- bilities as a tenant, She learns to estimate the cost of every article to be used and how best to provide for a given number at & She Is taught to be prudent nomical—O rare American traits! aying goes that a French family could e, and rignt comfortably and daintily too, on what an American family throws away. Great attention 1s given also to detafl and thoroughness. It s not merely a question of washing and starching linen, and passing t under the iron; it Is a question as well of stains and their proper treatment, of soaps and their merit. It is not merely a question of the cost and the freshness of food, but of its nutritive qualities t It is a question f the sanitation of a house as well as its tidi- ness, The result of all this is that there is no finer housewife fn the werld than the French housewife. As for French needlework and French dressmaking, every woman knows that the geographical adjective is the only sdjective necassary to express their superla- tive excellence. Italy has the most thoroughly nationalized system of industrial education for women, al- though as a national system it embraces but ne branch of women's work. That is lace making, that exquisite craft which a few years ago pecple were beginning to put into the category of “lost arts With patient care and research her majesty, Queen Mar gheretta, has succeeded In reviving the in- lustry that has always been one of the glorics of commercial and aesthetic Italy, and she has established at Burano a school of which she Is president, with branches at every place in the kingdom that has prorduced a character- istic lace. These are directed by the ladies of the court, each In her own district. The result has been of ineswmable advantage to the Italian peasant women, A work analogous to this has been under- taken in Nova Scotia by one of our own countrywomen, Mrs. Alexander Graham Bell who is devoting herself to perfecting this industry among the women of the fishing communities, and to securing a market for their productions In the British Isles, in the German empire, in Scandinavia, and especially in Belgium where they are usually under government con- trol, domestic training schools have rapidly attained unqualified success. In the United States about all that has been done in this direction s of very recent growth. There are some fine private enter- prises, of which the women's department of Armour fnstitute is the newest and com- pletest. Wisconsin university Is experiment- en's Christian _ assoclation ' and to the Woman's Exchange, and after many interviews with people who were un- avallable either because of their own en- gagements or because of my prejudices in favor of Intelligence, at least in some de- gree, 1 succeeded in capturing a Seandinavian who' would come a week later for $2 per day, with board. By this time two pretty little pink elbows had appeared upon the scene in a way that was rather heartrending. The Scandinavian and I managed to get them comfortably, though not very neatly covered up; the clothes that she made were always an’ annoyance by reason of broken threads, clumsy fit, and unaesthetic outlines. At this time (1892) the Chicago papers were full of the accounts of the official investiga tions of the condition of working women. Every day revealed new sorrows and new injustices in the lives of these women-— scanty wages, miserable environments, often the entiro lack of work and inabil- jty to procure it. It seemed to me extraordinary that I on the north side should be vainly endeavoring to secure a servant while women on the West Side were starving to death. And it was difficult to feel acutely sympathetic with the “‘unem- ployed” at the same time that I was fail- ing In my vigorous efforts to give employ- ment to someboly. It is a very curious economic condition in which on the one hand there exists demand impossible to fill and on the other a supply for which there is no demand. I asked the master of the house about it. “How can it be,’ I said, “that I have tried in vain for a fortnight to find a seamstress to whom I have been willing to pay $2 or $3 per day, besides her car fare and her break- fast, her luncheon and her dinner—and tea, too, if she wanted it, while there are scores of women in this city who are able by work- ing fourteen hours in a day to earn 12 or 15 cents, out of which they must pay their whole living expenses, and other scores who are starving with no work at all; and there are shops down town advertising bargain sales of overstocks of goods at prices that hardly cover the cost of the raw material?” We discussed the question thoroughly then and many times siuce, but we have never been able to come to satisfactory explanations of it. Only the master of the house ap- proached the dificulty when he asked me quizzically, “Do you think you would care for the kind of work that one of those women could do for you? Very often, and especially in the suburbs and in the country, one heirs a woman who says something like this: “I am so tired. My cook went away a week ago and I cannot find another.” Within the past week I my- self have found it Impossible to secure a servant at any of the three principal intelli- gence offices of Boston. The house servant ®ood, bad or Indifferent, is becoming scarcer every year. The newspapers are full of ar- ticles, some plaintive, some Jocose, some pseudo-scientific, all lamenting the ineffi- ciency, the rarity, the untrustworthiness, the instability, of the American domestic servant There have been despairing housewives who have sacrificed the individuality of their homes to experiments in ‘‘co-operative house- keeping,” as at Evanston, 11l There have been a few scholarly attempts to solve what has become a very serions national problem, notably by Prof. Salmon of Vassar, Miss Elizabeth Bisland and Mrs. Helen Campbell of Wisconsin university, but very little seems to_have been actually accomplished. It is to the old continental countries, with their Industrial traditions and inheritances, that we must look for advance in this direc- tion. Since the great guilds of the middle ages manual training has been developing into an exact sclence which has embraced and systematized all the details of the Instruction of the apprentice. And these ways of work- ing and thinking about work have so marked the national character that when the new Adea of industrial schools arose about thirty years ago it found a congenial and receptive atmosphere, in which it has flourished so vigorously that for once Europe has preceded America in a belief that what is good for a man is good for a woman, and has established women's schools, which have met with uni- versal appreciation and approval. All over the continent are manual training schools for girls. Sometimes they are state enterprises, sometimes municipal. There are cooking schools, laundry schools, dairy schools, nurs- ing schools, sewing schools, lace making schools. Lthere are also great private tech- nical schools attached to different manufac- tories, as at Mulhausen, Lille, Seyres, Torre del Greco, Venice, where all kinds of wo- manly work are taught. “Each district is provided with the schools adapted ta its wants, and the curricula of these schools are determined by the requirements of the people.”” (Sir Phillip Magnus, report to the royal commission.) Switzerland, probably, leads the world in the number and the excellence of her house- hold schools. The pupils in general come from the farms and mountains, so that awk- ward and unsophisticated girls are Initiated 1nto the graces of household ways; and from another class, the daughters of rich mer- chants and manufacturers, who attend to take a course in ‘ideal housekeeping” in order to be able to direct the mechanism of their homes most easily and advantageously. I be- lleve Switzerland 1s the only country where the industrial educator bears the mistress quite as much in mind as the servant. An- other striking characteristic of these schools is that the ethics of work, and of every de- tail of work, is studied as carefully as its performance. Another characteristic is the frequent appearance In the curricula of gar- dening—that old fashloned, gentle occupation and accomplishment—so that the woman goes to the very fundamentals of her menage, and the effect upon the character of this close ai soclation with mother earth must be a lovely one. France, with her thrift, her Industry, her patience, Is hardly second to Switzerland in her earnest interest In this matter. The municipality of Paris has a superb course in domestic economy which begins with the kindergarten and continues for eleven or twelve years; and the same is true in many of the cities, especlally throughout the north- ern departments. And in France, where the woman has always been her husband's busi- ness partner, and very often the more ener- gotic and intelligent member of the firm, the courses in domestic economy include instrue- tion in not only the internal but the external ing with a course under the direction of Mrs. Helen Campbell, which is commanding gen- eral Interest, and which, if it proves a suc- cess, as it undoubtedly will, and because a regular part of the curriculum, will probably be the most scientific and enlightened effort of the kind in the country. Wellesley once undertook something like this, but it was given up. One wonders why. Many states and cities have given the system practical consideration, with conspicuous success in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Phil- adelphia and Toledo. Various churches, Christian assoclations and college settlements ave undertaken more or less thorough chools of domestic science. The most fm- portant and general results have been achieved in the negro schools and colleges of the south. There is hardly one in which domestic training is not a very notable and very beneficial feature. Probably one reason why we are so far behind Europe in this worlk is the almost total absence in our coun- try of convents, which foster and control very many of these schools abroad. Tiie ques- tion of funds is a very serious one in a coun- try whose newspapers decry ‘‘fads in the public schools” and sometimes with good reason. Most of our flourishing schools have been supported partly or wholly by the state or the municipality. The state of New Jer- sey, notably, duplicates any sum under $5,000 per annum which may be given to found or maintain any manual training school. In Massachusetts and elsewhere such schools have been very largely dependent upon In- dividual munificence. A few have been en- dowed. Often it has been found that a school pays it own way; exhibitions are held and goods produced by the puplls are sold; these exhibitions are very profitable, and the running expenses of the sohool are reduced by the fact that no servants need be em- ployed and fed. In some cases there is a fee for_instruction. There is no reason why Americans, with their wealth and their enlightenment, should not be as comfortable at home as the people of other nations. There is no reason why we should have our sewing done in French con- vents, and import our cooks and parlor maids, There is no other country in the world where all the housekeeping machinery is so com- plete, and where everything is so designed to facilitate labor. It needs only the ap- pliance of trained intelligence to our ma- chines to make them produce the very best results. A country whose young men are becoming the foremost engineers and artisans in the world ought to give its girls a_chance. What we have already done in this line has been most commendable, but sporadic. It 1s evident that any real progress must be de- pendent upon widespread interest and en- Qeavor. These would be insured by state in- terference. Tho advantages to the state of a general manual training system of women's educa- tion would be fourfold: (1) Skilled workers would be produced who would fill the places that are now empty, and women would be able to gain a livelihood by other and better means than those that are possible to a vast number of them now. (2 An enor- mous amount of the misery caused by poverty and by crime would be avotded. pert criminologists have assured us that it Is indeed for idle hands that Satan finds mischief. I cannot here enter into a discussion of the psychical and neurological laws involved, but the result of every ex- periment made thus far shows that work Is the panacea for diseased and perverted minds. (3) Housewives should be trained to a proper understanding of the business which they profess to carry on. Woman has been di- vinely appointed to be a home maker. In an age when the most trivial processes of life are being put upon scientific bases it is not consistent that the most sacred and beauti- ful of callings should be left to the hands of any bungler. Our lives are so dependent upon such very little things for their sweet- ness and their usefulness! How can one at- tain to serenity of heart and mind when the last refuge—home—is made feverish by con- tinual worry and discord? As modern thought grows toward the perception and un- derstanding of how mind and body are inter- related and Interdependent, we realize the necessity for a system of living that will minimize the awful nervous conditions that attack our civilization. The world's knowl- edge of domestic economy should be synthe- sized and classified and made accessible to those upon whose loving intelligence the weary children of earth are dependent for comfort and rest. (4) The relations between em- ployer and employe would be put upon a rational business basis. A sense of diguity of labor would be inculcated, and so most of the friction which so wears upon our do- mestic life weuld be avold There is_no logical reason why a housewife should not receive from a person in her employ the same unfailing and unquestioning service that a merchant receives from his clerk or a banker from his cashier. And there is no logical reason why the rights and the lim- itations of a domestic servant should not recelve from her employer the same courte- ous and conscientious consideration that ob- tains In other similar relations. The cause for the present unfortunate condition ap- pears plainly. Domestic service has never been dignified as a profession or trade, and until it is recognized as such there is little hope for an improved state of affairs. The manual training school distinctly insists upon and inculcates the idea that cooking, washing, nursing, sewing, are trades in ex- actly the same way that horseshoeing and cabinet making are, and that they are to take the same stand in the commerclal world; to be subject to contract, and to be thoroughly performed as agreed, without extortion and bullying on the one hand, and shirking and insubordination on the other. A report made by Dr. H. H. Belfield to the United States commissioner of labor includes this testimony from the officers of manual training schools all over the country. The effects of manual training upon the character are that it develops judgment, ear- nestness, readiness, independenc:, self-re- spect, ent sm, accuracy, steadiness, per- sistence, the will 1s disciplined, the mind is broadened and made more logical, with tendency to original investigation, and habits of industry are formed. Above all, it teaches the nobility of labor and inculcates a love for it. So it is seen that, in addition to the material advantages to the community in which it plays a part, th® manual training school raises its moral tone, and so has a distinet ethical value. ““To sweep a room as for God's laws.” Sweet George Herbert taught us long ago that this principle of work makes {t, and us, divine. The estab. lishment of a national institution that would dovelop the consclence and insist upon It place in the equation of life would be right, wise and beneficent. DEMAND FOR EXPERT LAROR, Scurcity of First-Class Skilled Works men in Various Industries. The Iron Age and other authorities re- port an unusual demand just at present for first-class workmen In the fron trade, and the same demand is said to be as pressing In other industries. There seems to be more in this demand than the chronic call for people who can and will do work that is better than fairly good, and it seems to exist because of- somewhat unusnal conditions in the industrial world. Of course the familiar need for workmen who are really skilled and capable of doing the best work Is at the bottom of the present emergency, for it it were not that excellent mechanics are always scarce this emergency would not exist, at least not to the same extent that it is de- scribed as existing at present. The labor market, says the Springfield Republican, is al- ways flooded with ordinary workmen, of the kind who can do one or more things falrly weli, but nothing excellently, and there are always plenty of men to be hired who are Jacks at all trades, but masters of none This Is the case all through this busy world; tha professions are as full of half-qualified men as are the trades, and excellent clerks nd salesmen are as scarce as thoroughly quipped workmen in the trades, Wherever one looks there is a dearth of entirely com- petent persons, who are experts in their chosen line, so that it is almost as hard to find a first-class motorman for a stroet car, or a mechanic who knows all there is to know cut his trade, as a satisfactory foreman or head of a department. When the great mass of the unemployed, even during such slack times as we have just passed through, is analyzed and classified, it is usually found that thoroughly skilled work- men form but a small minority of the whole, and that the incompetent and half-competent meke up the large majority. This fact is easily exnlained; it is always hard for the in- competent to get employment, and, as a rule, other things being equal, the degree of. petence determines the chances of work, and the wages. In times when it becomes neces- sary for a manufacturer to reduce his force he dismisses the least useful, and therefore the least profitable first, and keeps his most useful and most profitable men as long as possible. When his factory is again started the process is reversed, and the most com- petent are first set at work; consequently the ncompetent suffer the most, in loss of work as well as poor wages, Conditions which they cannot control are compelling manu- facturers to keep the quality of their em- ployes, 8o far Is competence is concerned, as high as possible. In every business, no matter how crude the product, or Row nearly automatic the machinery employed, there is a standard of competence among the employes below which the employer cannot safely go, and this standard Is constantly growing higher. Competition fs forcing every manufacturer to make the labor he pays for as productive as possible, precisely as it compels the use of the most efficient machinery, and it is rapldly becoming understood that intelligent labor {s the most productive. Where com- plicated and highly productive machinery Is used, a higher class of superintendence be- comes {mperative, either in the machine tender, or of the forsman or head of the de- partment. Conditions are therefore working two ways, to make it increasingly harder for the incompetent and incapable to find employ- ment, and to reduce the wages or earnings of this clags, and to magnify the demand for experts in all branches, and increase heir recompense. There is getting to be less nd less chance for the poor workman, and less demand for the fairly good one, while the need for the master of their trades in every art and profession is daily more Im- perative. — With the demand for skilled workers has come an equal demand for a higher degree of skill than ever before, and for a higher degree of intelligence. The new conditions demand that the skilled workman shall be able to use his brains as well as his hands, and be able to adapt means to ends with more ingenuity, or at least a better understanding of the relations of the ma- terials with which he deals than was ever required before. If a mechanic today aspires to rise above the level of a machine tender he can only do It by the mastery of techni- calities and sclentific principles of which our fathers never dreamed. The special causes given for the scarcity of skilled workmen in the iron working trades, apply to those trades above. It may be true that the former employes of rolling mills and machine shops, who were made idle by the hard times of a year ago, have largely found other employment, and will not return to their old trades. Even if this were the case it would not alter the fact that with all these scattered workmen back in their former places the demand for skilled and ex- pert labor would be by no means supplied, nor can it be supplied save by the training of men to make good this deficit. AY, MY FRIEND, Have You Carcfully Considered the Sttuation, It is about time that men began to think for themselyes and carefully consider the ad- vantages of looking over this country and finding out what its different locations offer them in the way of prosperous, conjenial locations for a home. In this part of the world if a man of medoreate means owns a piece of land and puts on it all the labor and intelligence he possesses the chances are ten to one that at the end of the year he will come out, 50 far as making money is concerned, at the little end of the horn. Now, there are places in these United States where the man of moderate means can settle and with the aid of kindly nature, a fertile soll, the best railroad freight facilities and never failing crops secure for himself and his family all the comforts, benefits and satisfaction of a prosperous and independent existence. The experience of all those who have been watching and investigating the merits of Orchard Homes shows without question that in so favored a locality as the one referred to no man of thrift, energy and intelligence can fail to make a success if he will take twenty to forty acres of this wonderfully rich land and ir his work upon it use one- half the perseverence and labor that he now uses in this country to gain a mere living. When you have land that will pay you for each and every acre of it that you work a return of from $200 to $400 pre acre and will do that year in and year out, is it any won- der that the statements we make in regard to Orchard Homes are more than borne out by the facts and that the members of every party who have so far been there are one and all enthusiastic in sounding its praises and fully corroborating ali our statements in regard to it? The resident in the Orchard Homes sec- tion, with a climate rivaling that of sunny Italy and a soill whose richness and never failing strength is unequalled in this country, has a chance to raise and three and four crops each season of all the vegetables that grow, and what it more, he can and does ship them to the markets of the whole country and recelves his pay there- for in good hard cash, so that in a few short years his lebors make him a man out of debt, independent and prepared to enjoy all the advantages that the location he has se- lected gives him. You will see at Orchard Homes plums, pears, peaches, apricots, apples, quinces, figs, strawberries, in fact all small fruits grow- Ing In wondrous and delightful profusion Orchard Homes parties are leaving here weekly for that charming region, and if you wish for yourself to investigate the great advantages that section offers you joln one of these parties without delay. Wa are so certain of the unequaled merits of the land we have there that we Will agree, in case you buy, to pay the cost of your railroed trip from here to Orchard Homes and return. For all information as to prices, terms, health and statistics, products of the soil, freight rates, conditions of the country and character of the people write or see George W. Ames, general agent, 1617 Farnam street, Omaha, Neb. Cholera in Honolulu, As soon as it became known that cholera was certain to become epidemic in Honolulu a local drug house there ordered a large sup- ply of Chamberlain's Colie, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy. The directions given are to go to bed as soon as the first mptoms appear; remain as quiet as possible and take this remedy In double doses, every fiftesn minutes until the pain ceases, and then after each operation of the bowels more than natural. Send for a physiclan, but take the remedy in this way until he arrives. It should be kept at hand ready for instant vse, The great success of this remedy in epidemical dysentery leads us to belleve that i will prove very effectual in the treatment of cholera. does ralse two, | HOW 1T 1S.DONE 1N GEORCIA Management of ithé ‘State Prisoners on the Contrict Systom, IT MAKES A PROFIT FOR THE PEOPLE Only Three ¥tate Officers Prison Builling to Ma Features Now in Vogue. and No ntain—Re- the Sys- ATLANTA, Ga., Oct. 2, 1805, —(Special Cor- respondence)—Convicts heavily shackled, working in the sweltering heat and guarded by armed men, is & startling and novel sight to a Nebraskan, but common enough here. | It looks a little like barbarism until you learn that the men, as a general thing, are 50 dead to the finer feelings of their kind that to them chains are not an insult and a | degredation. Georgia is trying to solve the problem of conviet labor to her own satis- faction, and while in Nebraska penitentiary matters are a source of constant {rritation in state politics, a botbed cf corruption and a frightful expense, here the criminal becomes a source of profit instead of being withdrawn from the ranks of labor and becoming a burden upon the law abiding class. | Until the war Georgia had the same plan of dealing with her criminals that Nebraska has at present. They were confined within walls | and foliowed trades, and regularly the legis- | lature was called upon to make appropriations | for their support, amounting yearly to $30,000 or $40,000. The labor element was constantly in a ferment at having to compete with con- vict work on certain lines. Then it was re- solved to adopt the system of leasing convict laber, and that plan is now in operation, but gives little satisfaction. At first it was pretty rough and inhuman, but Governor W. J. Northen brought an in- telligent Christian spirit into contact with it, changing much that was wrong and bringing the whole system more into harmony with modern ideas as to the objects of punishment. Ho belleved that the first object to be at- tained was the safety of soclety, the second the reform of the criminal. He was the first executive to separate the colors and lo sepa- rate the sexes. Up to his time, blacks and whites worked, slept and ate together in the same chains and without distinction of sex; women mingled with their male companions in crime. The result may be Imagined; it cannot be described. Under Governor Northen all this was changed and order and decency were introduced, o that the color prejudice is not awakened and the women work by themselves, ONLY THREE SALARIES. The state is divided into three penitentiary numbers, and the convicts in each are leased out to labor In mines, quarries, saw mills brick yards, lumber camps and farms. The officers employed by the state are only threo in number—a principal keeper, with a salary of $2,000 a year, an assistant keeper, salary $1,200 a year, and a principal physician, whose salary is $2,000 a year. This is abso- lutely all the expense of the system to the statc, $5,200 a year. The attitude of the state toward the eriminal is purely one of oversight and care, upon the lessee falls ail the expense. The [essee pays for the labor of each convict $11 per year, and in addition to this he has to:provide clothing, food and armed guards, The clothing is the usual striped suit, to which s added a citizen's sult when the term df the’ convict expires and he i3 about to enter,soclaty again as a free man. Tho food s abundant and varied, according to a’ dictatory scale prescribed by the principal physiclan. The means taken to prevent escqpe consist of men with | | | | praved and desperate than before. rifles, shackles upon both limbs, and a bar- racks for sleepfng’purposes, so constructed that a heavy chain:runs its entire length, to which each conylct s fastened, like cavalry horses tied to a picket rope, but so as to afford a chance to shift his position. The lessee is responsible for the safety of those be hires, and for every one escaping he pays $200. No excuse is accepted unless it was impossible to prevemt 'escape under the re- quirements of the jcare. In valn the lessee pleads that the escaped man’s conduct was 50 admirable that he was made a trusty. He is told that he had no right to make trusties and must pay the fine. Sometimes a man wishes to retire into the bushes. He goes without a guard, and that is the last seen of him. The woods swallow him up and the lesseo pays $200, because he had no right to leave the man unguarded. The annual in- come of the state from this source alone is about §13,000. At the same time the les- see has no power to punish the convict. That matter is left to the whipping boss. He is not permitted to overwork the gang, and It any plead sickness as an excuse for not working they are at once examined by the local physician, and either ordered to work or to the hospital, as the case may be. There are now twenty-five camps of these convicts, who number in all about 2,500, seventy of whom are women. Of the women only two tre white. The local physician is in constant charge and the principal phy- clan is Tequired to visit every camp once every two months. So great is the care taken to select healthy places for the camps and to administer to the sick that the death rate is only 1.06 from all causes, including being shot for attempting to escape, a much lass death rate than that prevailing amongst the orderly communities of the state. PROFITABLE TO THE STATE. In addition to the bi-monthly inspection by the principal physiclan, it is made the duty of the grand jury to visit the camps and re- port and each legislature appoints a com- mittee for the same purpose. In this way the state considers that it is doing its duty to a class which is a fester upon the body politic and at the same time it relieves the taxpayers of an enormous burden. In this instance the state saves the annual appropri- ation of $30,000 or $40,000 and receives from the lessees as hire about $25,000 and as fines for escapes $13,000, making in all in favor of the state about $75,000 a year. The nice distinctions of color amongst the convicts are novel and amusing. In the state reports they are known as white, black, colored, mulatto, copper, brown and ginger cake. It is gratifying to know that the white race furnishes only about 20 per cent of the “criminal class. The most prevalent crimes are burglary, rape and murder. With regard to the second, in one year there were 36 cases. Most of the offenders were under | 21 years of age and omly 5 per cent were whites, It would be an interesting task to analyze these records of crime and indicate their lessons, but this is not the time or place. The study of criminology is awakening preat interest here, as elsewhere and may result in material. changes. For instance, boys are at present thrown into association with the most hardemed criminals with the result that they metuen to society more de- Move- ments are on foot o establish reformatories for them as we'havé’ them in Nebraska. This is as clean and full an account of (he system of treatipg convicts here as I could secure, Its pecupiary advantages to the state are great, butwhether these are not offset by some disadvantages which do not appear at a glange, ds a question JAMES MORRIS, e Const Girl Captures a Lord. TACOMA, Wash., Oct. 5.—The engage- ment is announced'df Lord Bennett of the Erglish peerage, ‘son'/of the earl of Tanker- | ville, and Miss Léoxera Van Marter, daughter of Dr. and Mrs Vi Marter of this city. Lord Bennett arrbyed, Monday and is quar- tered at the Unipyglub. The wedding will be quiet and will edbably take place n the latter part of October. His lordship is 43 years old and has become prominent through his active interest in the slum work of Lon- don. Miss Van Marter is over ten years his junior. She was born and educated in Burope. For the past seven months she has been residing with her parents and sister here, and for over a year previous to that lived in New York. e Wil Contest Their Futher's Wil DENVER, Oct. 5—J. A. Clough, jr., and Joseph Clough, sons of the late John A. Clovgh, president of the North Side Savings bank, have given motice of a contest of the will of their father, who donated the bulk of his estate, amounting to $200,000, to Methodist institutions, leaving to each of his sons only the income of a small farm in Maryland. The sons allege that Mrs. Clough, their stepmother, brought Improper influence to bear upon their father, which caused him to have a religious ia 1o bis enfeebled old age. THE OMAHIA DAILY BEE!'SUNDAY, OOTOBER 6, 1895. ANOTHER GREAT BARGAIN WEEK! S. E. OLSON COMPANY Will open on Monday, Oct. 7th, at the old stand of The 5. P. Morse Dry Goods Company (16th and Farnam Sts) A CONTINUATION CLOSING SALE OF THEIR AMOUS BANKRUPT STOCK. More Bargains, More Sacrificing of High-Class Merchandise Than will ever again fall to the lot of Omaha citizens to profit by. Read the items. a June sun. Mors Silk Dep,t' gouds offered at Black Satin Rhadames. 24in. wide, warranted all silk, bright lustrous'zoods; Morse's price $ Bankrupt saie prico only, yard. Black Gros Grains, Allpure s 1k, very heavy, reliable ¢ goods. Morse sold them chuap ut 8 Bankrupt sule prico only, yard . Colored Satin Duchesse. Good colors. Morse's price 85¢ *** Bankrupt salo prico only, yard Plaid Surah Silks. Dark colors, elegant goods. pure silk, pretty combinations. Morse's pri unkrapt sale price only, yurd. Pure Silk Velvets. Warranted all silk, both nap and back, good colors, M Bankrupt sale pric high-grade siik, at s'augh- ter prices, never wero reliablo such low figures. in the west for re Dress Goods Dep’t. colorings, newest designs from tne best and most fam munutacturers, are hero sh Be on hand early; they will vanish like dew before The latest novelties, handsom es a8 forelgn pricus lower than over quoted ble goo Fancy Silk nnd. Wool Nevelties. Double-told, Imported protiy, stylish gnods: Morse's price Gic, Bankrupt sule price only, yard 43c French Novelties. Checks, rough effects ton- clo designs, cto., Morso's prico $1.95 and $1.50 Baukruptsule price only, yard 52 Inch Novelties. New thre: shadings tone crepe effects, all the Intest 1l make an 1d Morses price §2.25; Baukrupt safe price only, yard stylish dress. $1.20 Black Serge. Fine surah woave. some black, Morse's prive’ 30c Bankrupt sile price only, all wool, nright, hand- 33c ard. Black Clay Worsted; Suitings, 52-1n wide hoavy desirable goods, warranted uil wool Bankrupt sal Morso's prico $L50 prico only, yard.. Black Novelties. In all wool, silk »nd wool, mohalr and ¢ repe eflects, new goods just recclved, at ....Ban krupt Sale Prices New Capes, New Jackets, New Furs, . . . New Waists, New Suits. ... Truthful Bargains for the Coming Week. Children's new Eiderdown Cloaks, trimmed with Angora Fur Our price Monday, each.. Heavy winter Jackets, made of Beaver Cloth, latest styles, $5.20 Heavy winter Capes, ripple worth $7. 50. Our price. style, trimmed with braid, worth $8.75. Our price... 16 Electric Seal Jackets from the morse Stock, marked to sell at §55.00, MONDAY $22.00 $4.90 $2.50 and Our price $1.00 O New goo: Carpet Dep’t. Axminster Carpets—Iandsomo patters vicoable goods; worth $1.50, made and Bankrupt Sale, price only, per yurd . Mottled Smyrua Rugs—Size 2 Bankrupt sale price only Oriental Couch Covers—Iandsome stylish good: preuty colors. " Morsa's price ¥00 Bunkrupt sale price, euch Cheunille Portieres—Beautiful goods, artistic handsome colorings, Morse's price §1.50 Bankrupt saie price only, per pair. Flannel Dep’t «—amx Greatest Bargains on record tor good Flannels, buy them now and save money— Remnants Sanitary Flannels Medium and dark colors, fleecy goods, just the thing for Underwear, Night Dresses, ete. worth 15¢ Bankrupt Sale Price, yard ’C White Flannels Elegant soft goods, at less than cost of manufacture. 15¢ 25c¢ 35c¢ 49c Morse's price 25¢ Our price, yard Morse’s price 45¢ Qur price, yard Morse's [, 6oc Our price, yard 4-4 Morse’s e 75¢ Our price, yard but nll g Bankrupt Sale Prices, , tew coloring: id for the ds, just openoed v 11-4 Gray Wool B borders, wurm, reliuble coods, Buukrupt sale price only, per palr .. designs, cy cotton, Bankrupt sale pr The Morse Co. carried the post makes most rell (ble roods, you can get them now at the vrico of the ordiniry grades. Why not supply yourself now Towels, Towels, Towels Extra auality Damask and Huck, hemmed and deep knotted fringe, all pure linen, fine qualivy, Morse's price 4Uc to 300 w 2OC Bankrupt Sule Prico only, 72«inch German Damask Full b'eached, pure linen, handsome designs, Morse's prico 81,2 o $1.50 Bunkrupt Sulo Z5c Prico only, per yard Napkins Large 3-4 sl fine, heavy linen, assorted patie 4 Morse's price 8.7 $1.49 Bankrupt Halo Price only, per doz, Marseilles Quilts Extra size, elegant pattorhs, heavy, fine grods. Morse's pric .20 5. Bankrupt $2 Sale Price only, each ',()0 Blanket Dep’t. Why walt and pay more? Buy them at Buuk 11-4 White Blankets y nny harart Morse’s price 8115, Satecn Comforters—Extra large size, home made, nice 1l Morae's price 82.75 Another lot of Children’s Cloaks, worth $2.75. Monday, each.., $1.59 French Coney sweep, worth $8.95 New ilk SWaists, bought to sell 6 gat/'s and 87.50. Our 5 LI S $5-OO All of the Morse medium and light weight Jackets, worth $7.50, $10.00, $12.00, $15,00 and up to §20.00. TO CLOSE MONDAY 2.98 Now is the time to lay In your sto, for winter, choice Capes, $13 50 Our price... 25 full ft floeey goods, tancy borders Bankrupt s1lo price only, per palr 69c¢ ankets— Lur&i‘ sllver grey, handsome White All Wool Blankets—Fine heavy, warm, warrants wool both warp, high-zrade goods and filling, $4" Morse's price #6.00. Bankrupt sale price only, per pr $4.38 $1.79 00 only, each Ladies’ Underwear Dep’t «—aux New goods at Bankrupt Sale prices. You can buy them for about half what others would charge for same goods. Chamois Wool Vests and pants, elegant soft fino price $2.00 Bankrupt 9 8 Price only, each C Ladies’ Egyptian ‘Warm, desirable goods, sola evarywhere for $1.00 Children’'s Underwear sizes and kinds; don’t fail to se them, as they are being sold By Sanitary goods all sizes. Morse's Sale Union Suits Bankrupt 2 Sall £ i, s 0 2C A full line just recoived, al| Bankrupt Sale Prices