Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, June 16, 1895, Page 11

~ GREAT CABINETS OF HISTORY Review of the Records of the Counsellois of Presidente, ABILITY AND STANDING OF THE MEMBERS Nine Cabinets Noted for the Importance of Thelr Work—Mighty Representatives of Politieal Schools--Deeas of Noted Men, The cabinets which take a high rank In the ability and standing of their members, the importance of the work which they did, or in both characteristics, were, according to & writer in the Globe-Democrat, those of Washington, Jefferson, Monroe, Harrison, Polk, Fillmore, Plerce, Lincoln and Hayes. In Washington's cabinet there were only two men—Jefferson, secretary of state, and Ham- flton, secretary of the treasury—of pre- eminent ability, but that number was just half of the whole cabinet, the post of secre tary of War and of the Navy (both depart- ments until near the middle of the first Adams presidency belng under the same head), and that of the attorney general being the only other members of the president's official family at that time. A postmaster general existed from 1789, but he was not a eabinet officer until 1829, in the beginning of Juckson's presidential service. The cabinet post of secretary of the Interlor came into being in 1849, when Taylor was president and that of secretary of agriculture In 1889, near the close of Cleveland's first term. Henry Knox, the first secretary of war, was a brave officer in the revolution, and a moderately capable and thoroughly conscien- tious official in the cabinet, but he made no especial mark in the latter. Bdmund Ran- dolph, the attorney general, who went to the head of the State department for a short time after the retirement of Jefferson, was the same Randolph who introduced what was called the “Virginia plan” of government in the convention which framed the constitu- tion, who refused to sign the completed char- ter, although 1t followed the general lines proposed in his scheme, but who turned over in favor of it In the Virginia convention which ratified it. His vacillation and timidity prevented him from taking advantage of his abllity and opportunity, and he left the State department under a cloud, caused by some- thing which looked like a polit intrigue between him and the French minister to the United States. Within the past few years, however, documents have been made public which exonerate him from the charge of corruption. JEFFERSON AND HAMILTON. As the founders of the two schools of political thought into which the people of the country have been divided from the be- ginning these two men are sure of a place among the immortals, Hamllton's, the Treas- ury, was and s the more important post, although European usage and tradition _assign superior rank to the other office, the head of the State department, As it requires greater ability to create than to save or to extend, Hamil- ton's pre-eminence among the nation's finance ministers 1s conceded. Webster's tribute to Hamilton exhausts culogy, but it is not ex- aggerated: ““He smote the rock of the na- tional resources and revenue gushed forth corpse of the upon its feet.” Adams' cabinet, which gmall men composing Washington's council at the time of his retirement, was inherently weak, and was rendered particularly in- eficient by the circumstances that most of abundant streams of he touched the dead public credit, and it sprang consisted of the fts members thought they owed allegiance to Hamilton, Adams’ rather than to Adams, and because s seldom con- eulted them, leaving them to their own de- vices and to thelr intrigues against himself. Jefferson’s cabinet, however, had two strong men—Madison, secretary of state, and Gallatin, secretary of the treasury—at the outset, and these were reinforced by a man of the first order of ability in Caesar A. Rodney of Delaware, who was made attorney general early in 1507, two years before Jefterson’s retirement. As part of the first administration under the new political dis- pensation, Jefferson’s cabinet had a delicate and difficult task. It had to assist in laying down new political cancns, which were to be the working principles of a great party ever afterward, and to take part in establishing the practices and pre- cedents which were to be guides In governing the country during the greater part of the time between thelr date and 1861. Its share of this work the cabnet aid intelligently and successfully. Both Jefferson and Madison as presidents were distinctively weaker In their foreign policy than their federalist predecessors, Washing- ton and Adams, had been, but until the war of 1812-15 the democratic regime conducted the government economlcally and in its purely domestic affairs efficiently and satis- factorily. Gallatin held the treasury po: folio for a few years in Madison's cabinet also, but he scarcely won the same measure of success that he gained in Jefferson's Monroe, the secretary of state for six years under Madison, was not the equal “of his great predecessors in that ofice. Willlam H Crawford, the secretary of war for a short time under Madison, won his laurels in the next cabinet. MONROE'S CABINET. With_John Quincy Adams, secretary of state, W. H. Crawford, secretary of the treasury, Johm C. Calhoun, secretary of war, and Willlam Wirt, attorney general, it will be seen that Monroe had a cabinet which reached as high a level In general ability as any which the country has known. The only otber cabinet office in that age, that of secretary of the navy, was very ac- ceptably filled by W. H. Crowninshield, Bmith Thompson and Samuel L. Southard, puccessively. Monroe, in order to give the west recognition, selected Governor Isaac Bhelby of Kentucky for the war office at first and he was confirmed, but Shelby de- clined on account of old age. He offered it to Clay, who refused it, and also had Jack- son in mind. but discovered that the victor of New Orleans did nmot want it. It was then that Monroe turned to South Carolina, which had two distinguished and popular sons, Willam Lowndes and Calhoun, In public life at that time, and after Lowndes declined the office It was given to Calhoun. One of these four cabinet officers succeeded Monroe in the presidency, another, Crawford, was a candi- fate in the same election and secured many #lectoral votes, while Calhoun and Wirt were often conspicuously mentioned In con- nection with the presidency. Wirt got the nomination at one time, but it was from a “third” party, the anti-Masonic —organiza- tion. Adams' own cabinet did not stand as high In’ general ability as the one in which he werved, although Wirt was retaned in the post he held under Monroe and Clay was sec- retary of state. Adams asked Crawford to hold on to the treasury portfolio, which he had in the Monroe cabinet, but he was u hysical wreck at the time and declined i war office Adams intended to give to Jackson, but desisted on an intimation from ne of Jackson's friends that the offer might ive offense. But Jackson's cabimet stood ower than Adams. The “demos krateo,” to smploy Benton's jargon, run the country turing Jackson's reign, and in harmony with Ihis condition second-class men wers the Jackson in most cases appointed. A rgence from this principle was made in the case of Van Buren, who was secretary of state for two years. Lewis Cass, not yet known to fame, however, was secretary of war under Jackson for about six years, and Van Buren's friend, B. F. Butler, & first-class lawyer and an accom- lished man, bul not a national figure at hat time, was attorney general for a time Levi Woodbury, who held two posts in the cabinet and who served in congress before And after and on the supreme bench in the md, a falrly capable official. Woodbury and Butler are tho biggest names in Van Buren's cabinet. TIPPECANOE'S COUNSELLORS. W. H. Harrison, a third class man himself, bad four first class men—Webster, Thomas hn J. Crittenden—in his of a later Francls Granger, the postmaster gen- whose office had been a cabinet post nce 1829, was & personage of considerable ability and celebrity. This was one of the @istinctively strong cabinets intellectually, and it deserved a better fate than the wreck which quickly overtook it fn the feud on the Nank question with Tyler, who weat to the Ewing, Bell and cabinet, and the “Sliver Gr: aty presidency on Harrison's death. The cabinet which Tyler got after this one left him was of a_distinctively lower order, although it had Legare and Calhoun for a short time in the State department. Polk’s cabinet, with Duchanan, Walker (the father of the cele- brated “free’ trade’ tarift of 1846, and subse- auently ome of the territorial governors of Kansas), Marcy and Bancroft (the historian), compares favorably with all except the very greatest before or since its day. Some great names were on the cabinet rolls in the twelve years from the beginning of Taylor's service to the end of Buchanan's, but not many simultaneously. Taylor had two—Clayton ~ and Ewing; Filmore bad three—Webster, Corwin and Crittende Pierco had the same number—Marcy, Jeffer- son Davis and Caleb Cushing. Plerce's bas the distinction of being the only cabinet which remained unbroken to the end of the presidential term. Buchanan had in Cass, tho secretary of state, the most prominent and influential democrat of that day except Douglas, and in Jeremiah 8. Black, attorney general, he had one of the most learncd law yers In’ the country. Howell Cobb, too, the secretary of the treasury, an ex-speaker and an ex-governor, was a man of some standing and power in his party. These were the big- gest members of Buchanan's original cabinet Dix, Stanton and Holt, unfortunately for Buchanan, came into his council near the end, instead of at the beginning. Had they been with him two or three years earli probably ke would Liave resisted the secession influence, which Caks was unable to bra him up against, and his administration might have found a way to crush the disunion spirit, as Jackson did thirty years earlier, LINCOLN'S CABINET, which holds a high place among presidential ministerial councils on account of the ability. political experience and distinction of several of its members, avas also representative of the different localities of the loyal half of the country, Welles, the secretary of the navy, represented New England; Seward and Cam- eron (who preceded Stanton. the country's greatest war minister), the middle states; Chase and Caleb B. Smith the west, and Montgomery Blair the eastern end and Ed- ward Bates the western end of the border slave region. It is well known that Lin- coln’s early Intention was to have the south and the party which opposed him in the elec- tion represented In the cabinet. but it is a mistake to suppose, as nearly all writers do. that in going outside of his party he woull be following Washington’s example. The case of Jefferson and Hamilton in this re- spect Is misunderstood by most persons. Those men, at the time of their appointment to Washington's cabinet, did not belong in opposite partisan camps, The federalists of 1789, the year when Washington's cabinet was formed, were the men who got the con- stitution ratified, and the anti-federalists were those who tried to have it rejected. Federal- ism and anti-federalism meant something different from this two or three years after- ward, when, the constitution itself ceasing to be an issue, the powers of the govern- ment under it became the burning question. In 1789 Jefferson and Randolph were federal- ists equally with Hamilton and Knox, the other members of the cabinet. That le, though opposed to the constitution when it first left the federal convention In 1787, Jeffer- on and Randolph turned around and worked in favor of it in 1788, and were glad in 1789 and afterward that they did this. The parti- san divergence between Jefferson and Hamil- ton did not really begin until Hamilton's National bank scheme was brought up early in 1791, Herndon, Lincoln’s friend and biographer, mentions that soon after the election Lin- coln said “he wanted to give the south, by way of placation, a place in the cabinet.” and named “three persons who would be acceptable to him. They were Botts of Virginia, Stephens of Georgla and Maynard of 1 ' (Herndon's “Abraham Lin- coln,” vol. 3, page 473) From another source, which will here be quoted, this pur- pose will be more fully revealed. “The question of taking part of his constitutional advisers from among his political opponents and from the hostile or complain'ng southern states had been thoroughly debated in his own mind. The conclusion arrived at is plainly evinced by the following, written by him and inserted as a short leading editorlal in the Springfield (1) Journal on the morning of December 12 (or 13), 1860: ‘We hear such frequent allug'on to a supposed purpose on the part of Mr. Lincoln to call into his cabinet two or three southern gentl men from the parties opposed to him polit cally that we are prompted to ask a few questions, (1) Is it known that any such gentleman of character would accept a place in the cabinet? (2) If yea, on what terms does he surrender to Mr. Lincoln or Mr. Lincoln to him on the political differences between them, or do they enter upon the administration in open opposition to each other. ” (Nlcolay and Hay's “Abraham Lin- coln,” vol. 3, page 348). Seward, who soon after the election was offered and accepted the State portfolo, en- Mfsted in the search for a southern man for the cabinet, and he suggested Randall Hunt of Loulsiana, John A. Gilmer or Kenneth Rayner of North Carolina, Robert E. Scott of Virginla and Meredith P. Gentry of Ten- nessee. Lincoln's preference, as he says in a note on January 12, 1861, to Seward printed (p. 364) In the Nicolay and Hay volumo just mentioned, was for Gilmer over Hunt or Gentry, because, as he remarks, “he has a living position in the south, while they have not,” and he adds that “I fear if we could get we could not safely take more than one such man, that {s not more than one who opposed us in the election, the dan- ger being to lose the confidence of our own friends.”” All of these men, however, who were asked to enter the cabinet declined. A contest between the partisans of Mont- gomery Blair, a former democrat, and Henry Winter Davis, a former whig, for the place in the cabinet which was to be given to either one of them, bothered Lincoln for awhile, and on determining to appoint Blair be was reminded that this would put four ex-democrats and three ex-whigs in the cabi- net. To this he replied that he was himself an old-line whig, and he should be there to make the parties even. This was the Jef- fersonian Idea of equality between president and cabinet members, indeed; but of course neither Jefferson nor Lincoln did or could carry it out very far. The cabinets since the war, with the ex- ception of that of Hayes, have been of a lower level than many of the earlier ones. Fish, Boutwell and Bristow of Grant's, Blaine of Garfield's and Harrison’s, McCul- loch of Arthur's, Bayard of Cleveland's and Windom of Harrison's comprise about all the members of the presidential councils of the past quarter of a century, except Hayes', who will be remembered. Hayes' cabinet had three first class men—Evarts, Sherman and Schurz. In Sherman it had the greatest finance minister since Chase and one of the four greatest—Hamilton and Gallatin being the other two—whom the country has known. THE S0NG I NE ING. James Whitcomb Riley. As when in dreams we sometimes hear A melody 80 faint and fine, And sically sweet and it_flavors all the atmospher With harmony divine: 80, often in my waking dreams, T hear a melody {hat seems o me the song I never sing. Somet{mes when brooding o'er the years My lavish youth has thrown away, When all the glowing past appears But as a mirage that my tears Have crumbled to decay 1 thrill to find the aché and pain Of my remorse is stilled again, As, forward bent and listening, 1 hear the song 1 never sing. A murmuring of rhythmic words, Adrift on tunes whose currents flow Melodious with the thrill of birds, And faroff lowing of the herds In lands of long ago; And every sound (he truant loves Comes to me ke the coo of doves, ‘hen first in blooming fields of spri 1 heard the song I never sing. 0 & The echoes of old volees, wound In limpid streams of laughter where The river Time runs bubble-crowned And giddy eddies ripple nd The llies growing th Where roses, bending o'er the brink, Drain their own kisses as they drink, And ivies climb and twine and cling’ About the song 1 never sing, An ocean surge of sound that falls As though & tide of heavenly art Had tempested the gleaming halls And crested o'er the golden walls In showers upon my heart— Thus, thus, with open arms and eyes Uplifted toward the allen skies, Forgetting every earthly thing, 1 hear the song I never sing. A For an appetizer Cook’s Extra Dry Im- perial Champagne leads all. For 40 years it has taken the lead for its purity. | the text books in common use were injurious JURIOUS ~ SCHOOL ~ BOOKS Children's Eyes Seriously Affected by Small Type and Poor Print, RESULT OF RECENT INVESTIGATIONS Reform Demanded In Existing Systems of Grading—Growth of College Oratory and Orators In the West—Nchool and College Notes, The result of the Investigations conducted | by a professor in Yale college regarding the effect of small print text books on the eye- sight of pupils awakened interest in a matter of grave concern to parents, It was elown that in a large majority of individual tests | to the eyes of the young, while some of the books were printed from type that would | unduly strain the eyesight of grown persons. | As a clincher to his argument the professor proved by statistics that the use of glasses by school children is markedly on the in- crease. The subject is one that should arouse among parents a strong, porsistent demand for reform as will obviate the dangers so clearly shown. Defective eyesight {s-an affliction not only of a lifetime, but extends through generations. This has been proven by tests recently conducted in the public schools of Toronto. Over §00 children be- tween the ages of 7 and 17 were subjected to rapid individual sight tests. The examination revealed some interesting facts concerning the prevalence of defective vision among Juveniles, Out of the 500 children examined fitty, or 10 per cent of the whole, were found to pos- sess marked defective sight. Of these fifty, thirty-five were girls and fifteen were young boys. The doctor said that the percentage would have been higher had the children been those of professional men or students vather than of business people. “There is nothing more hereditary than tendency to short sight” he remarked. “People who misuse their eyes must remem- ber that they are injuring them for two generations." A fact worth remembering, the doctor says, is that no child is born short sighted. 1In Germany much investigation has been re- cently made concerning this particular, and infants' eyes have been subjected to every possible t A predisposition to short sight may_exist, but the actual evil does not exist at the time of birth. And. although if the hereditary tendency be marked, it will de- velop itself, parents may do much to ward it oft during ‘chinldhood. In many instances children’s eyesight is per- manently injured by straining the muscles of the eye. The doctor says that no child should be allowed to get too close to his work, while printed matter and writing should always be from fourteen to elghteen inches from the eye of the child. Pale yel- low and pearl gray are the colors least trying to the eye, and hould be used as much as possible in'the materials with which children work. Only ten of the 500 children examined were entirely color blind, but in nearly 25 per cent the sense was proved markedly de- ficient, The color test was a very simple one. From a light wooden rod hung a fringe of small skeins of wool, the colors being arranged in a certain order—greens mingled with fawn slades, pinks with blues, and reds with yellows. A knot of green was placed in the child’s hand and he was told to throw over the rod any similar color he discovere among the fringe of skeins. Where the sen: of color was acute the greens were instantly selected; where it was feeble much hesi- tancy and searching were displayed. In cases where the sense was markedly deficient fawns and greens were mingied, blues were pronounced identical with pinks, and no attempt was made to distinguish be- tween yellows and reds. The child in whom the color sense was wanting chose every color n turn. In no instance was the child aware of his defect, the deficlency apparently not having come under the notice of its parents. In view of these facts, it becomes the duty of parents and school managers to insist on such changes as will check and ultimately prevent injury to the eyes of children in the schools. IMPROVED SYSTEMS. Whatever may be the merits of the pres- ent system of grading in the public schools, says the Chicago Post, its demerits are so glaring as to be the subject of attack by educators of all ranks and classes. Some of these have been bold enough to advocate a return to the old system of ungraded schools, while others, more conservative in their ideas, think that the two systems might be ad- vantageously blended by dropping the weak points and adhering to the strong points of both. Among the latest advocates of a change of some sort s W. J. Shearer, superin- tendent of the Newcastle, Pa., schools. He has evolved a plan o/ his own which he has i med “the Newcastle plan,” and for which he claims that it approaches more nearly an ideal plan than anything that has yet been suggested. One of the chiet objections, according to this authority, to the graded school as it exlsts today is its failure to respeect the indi- vidual différences of the pupils. The bright ones are held back, discouraged and ruined by havihg to wait on the slow pupils. Even the brightest cannot gain time by promptly recciving the promotion which their merit deserves. The system demands so much uniformity at every step that many are forced to leave school before graduating and those who do graduate come out too late to get a fair start In life. The ideal system of grading would demand an accurate classifi- cation of all pupils, according to ability, into small classes, with but a short interval be- tween the classes. This will make it possi- ble for any pupil at any time to pass from one class to the next higher when his work and ability put him ahead of his own class. Those who lose time can drop back into a division where they can work to advantage. The proposed new plan abandons examina- tlons as a test for promotion. The record made from day to day Is the sole gauge of merit on which promotions are made. No certaln amount of work Is required, of any section In a given time. Each division is expected to go just as fast as it can and no faster. An accurate grading of pupils ac- cording to apility into classes of from ten to twenty, instead of herding them in classes of fifty or over, furnishes a practicable me hmll of reaching individuals, secures from his each best work and close attention. Every child under the system is touched with” hope and inspired with enthusiasm. The consequence of the whole is that the average pupil is able to get through the en- tire course in ehorter time and to much better advantage. COLLEGE ORATORY IN THE WEST. For twenty-five years the ruling passion of the western college student has been the passion for oratory. So far as we are aware, says the Review of Reviews, no one has ever attempted a general estimate of the catses or the results of this unexampled devotion on the part of at least a hundred student communities through the entire period since the war to the art of public address, But to deny the fact itself would be to confess total ignorance of all the springs and mo- tives of the life that has long dominated the undergraduata groups from Ohio to Col- orado. To some extent this ardent student passion for proficiency in public speaking has been encouraged by the college authori- ties. But for the most part it has been neither encouraged nor recognized by the faculties of instruction. Like college ath- letics in the east, the cause of college ora- tory in the west has been promoted by the unofficial co-operation of the students them- selves, with the tolerance rather than the full approbation of teachers who have been jealous of anything that threatened to weaken the alleglance of students to class room drill or_laboratory work. Yet in spite of the cold shoulder or the active opposition of president or professors, the students of every western college have persisted In attaching an enormous impor- tance to thelr eelf-directed, self-taught, co- operative &chools of debating and oratory. The so-called literary societies of the western colleges are in fact for the most part train- ing schools in the art of public speaking. The extemporaneous debate, carried on under the strictest possible parllamentary dis pline, has always been (he favorite exercise of the literary socleties. Most colleges have several of these assoclations, which compete with each other for the acquisition of the brightest of the new lads at the opening of THE OMAMA DAILY BEE: SU / " one or another of the societies is a very exceptional ‘fellow; andl the older members consider it thelr yt d brotherly duty to help every new member, no matter how timid and tongue-tied he may be at first, to acquire the art of exptedding himself in the presence of an audietide’ with some degree of freedom and confld#riéd, 1t does not follow. tHat ‘il western students become orators; but 1€ dertainly does come to pass that practically aft ability to stand upon’ theéir feet in a public place and say anythifig"'that they may ha say with direetnes and without undue embarrassment '@ tonfusion of manner. 1f one should compars 100 eastern graduates of the present month®! June with 100 wes ern graduates, it would'probably appear that the former would soméwhit excel in a certain air of ease, polish and ‘maturity in private | terners | conversation: would me ~while the ‘young W unquestionably ‘prbve themsely sely superior on the average, if a sudden emergency required somio public expression of views. Of course the Wifferences either way would not be neariy %o marked at the end of ten years after leaving college. In the long run the chief factor of successful public gpeech consists in having something to say. It is not often that a man who possesses—in his knowledge of a theme or in his zealous convictions—the subject matter of a speech, is unable after a little practice to speak with a reasonable degree of success, Neverthe some oratorical training at the very period when the mind of a man is forming, and his stock of facts and ideas is growing most rapidly, must have its great advantages. Sctiool nud Collegs Notes. The bill providing for the study of the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks in the public echools of New York state was vetoed by the governor. The growth of public libraries in the United States is one of the remarkable features of our system of progress, There are now nearly 5,000 of them. It is likely that Mayor Swift of Chicago will follow the example of New York's mayor and appoint two or three women as members of the Board of Education. About twenty years ago Willlam Henry Rinehart, the American sculptor, left a leg- acy to the Peabody institute of Baltimore that now amounts to about $100,000. The trustees of the institute have determined to use this fund for the establishment of a school of sculpture in connection with the institute. Tho University of Wisconsin is the latest institution of 'migher education to announce a course of journalism, which will begin next year. Students will study the forms of composition used in newspaper work, and the preparation of copy for the printer and will be given practice in writing news and editorial articles, The recently issued senior class book of Yale gives the average expense of the stu- dents at $012 for the freshman year, $943 for the sophomore, $942 for the junior and $1,032 for the senior. This is an average of '$18 or $20 per week for the calendar year, and some $27 per week for the college year of about thirty-five weeks. The universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh report decreased attendance in recent years. Only a few years ago Glasgow had more than 2,000 students, but now has only 1,671. Edinburgh, heretofore, never had fewer than 3,000, but now has only 2,049, On the other hand, the number of women students has steadily Increased, Edinburgh in the last term reporting 140 and Glasgow 205. Only a few days ago it was announced that a gift of over $500,000 had been made to the University of Pennsylvania by the late E. A. W. Hunter, to become available upon the death of his widow and daughter. Now it is said that the provost of the university has given $500,000 in - honor of his father. This s indeed a day of generous bene’ac- tions to educational finstitutions. Amnerst college gives away almost ex- actly $14,000 a yeaf, almost all to under- gradustes. Of this‘amount the greater por- tion is in the form of 'small scholarships. The tncome of $83,500 s intended particularly for men studying for ‘the ministry; a fund of $25,000 is given preferably to ministers’ sons; the rest is without restrictions. The amount of the schalarsiiips varics from $40 to $140, three scholarships in the under- graduate department - yielding the latter amount. ) Dr. D. K. Pearsors of:Chicago has offered to_give Mount Holyoke .college $50,000 if it will' rafse an additional $150,000 in a year and a half. The gifts; of Dr. Pearsons to western institutions aggregate about $2,000.- 000, eight colleges baing the beneficiaries. Of these Beloit has received, $200,000, Knox $50.- 000, Chicago Theological school $50,000, while tie has_recently made \Whitman 'college of Walla Walla, Wash., a similar offer to that now made to Mount Holycke, and Drury college has also been aided by him. Roanoke college in Virginia seems likely to become the educational headquarters of Coreans in this country. Surh Beung Kiu of Seoul has been a euccessful student at Roanoke since January of last year, and now Whang Hyen Mo has arrived at the college to study English, preparatory to matriculating as a student next autumn. This college has had Choctaw students for some twenty-five years and a few years ago enrolled among its students three young Japanese, sons of memb:rs of the imperial privy council, BCIENCE O ASTROLOGY. Significance of the Various Flanets and Their lufluence on Humanity, 1v. The different houses have names as well as being numbered. The first house is called the house of life, or ascendant, and has reference to life and whatever supports life. Persons with feeble constitutions gen- erally suffer in health during a transit of Saturn on the ascendant, which continues two years and a balf, and is repeated in a little less than thirty years. Death some- times occurs, but the transit does not prop- erly signify death. It is a dull, dragging period when one fis affected, the mind is harassed, friends proved negligent or treach- erous, and one feels anxious to rove, sell out or change business. It is not well to make changes under this transit of Saturn, for whatever is begun under evil aspects will not prove very fortunate. The transit of Mars in the first house s repeated about every two years. It indicates evil, but not of the same kind as Saturn. Mars denotes even severer evils than Saturn, but they are of short duration, the transit continuing from four to eight weeks. A retrograde movement may prolong it to eight months. Uranus transiting in the first house con- tinues for seven years. It is evil, but not all the time. But’as this only occurs once in eighty-four years, it §s not likely to be ex- perienced but once. Jupiter 1s in the first house twelve years, and indicates a bright, joyous period, when one is in good health and spirits, feels younger and more active. Then Is the time to_push business and make changes. These are the principal planets that are claimed to influence us; the others also huve some influence for good, but space forbids referring to them. The second house is, the house of money, and has reference to one's possessions, prop- erty as well as mongy., The transits of Mars, Uranus_and Saturn denote misfortunes in financlal affairs. Jupiter, in second house, denotes that money’ f§"easy and easily ob- tained. The third house fs ‘he house of kindred, and has reference to brothers and sisters, but no confidence can be placed in transits in this house. Eadh pelative must have a separate horoscope cast in order to properly read their lives. q The fourth house fs the house of the father, it the father is living, and indicates good or evil, fortunate or unfortunate, according to the ‘peculiarity of the ‘planet. The fifth house is the house of children; it is also claimed tor be the house of epecula- tions, and that one ‘will be fortunate in gambling, making hazardous investments, ete., i Jupiter is toansiting therein, but ex- perience teaches that: Jupiter In the first house is better as a guide to go by when we expect to be successful. The sixth house is the house of sickness, but mo reason can be given why it should be so caled, as it dos uot infiuence sickness at ell. The seventh house is the house of marriage and s next in importance to the ascendant (first house). It is the house of the hus- band for the wife, and the house of the wife for the husband. Jupiter transiting here is fortunate. Uranus, Mars and Saturn, evil. It has been observed that the man would loose his wife when Saturn wis in this house, but that should not be based alone cn this fact. The elghth house is the house of death, but as you cannot predict death from this, it Is & misnomer. The ninth house is called the house science and religion, of but transits i this NDAY, JUNE 16, 1895. the year. The studeint who does not jb!n[hmnw have no more indication for the m!boyl is “Our Tiny Fleet, l 9t them acquire the | | | evil the | misfortune for a brief period | a child is born Indicates in a general way or evil of science or religion than a rainbow has for a bow and arrow. The tenth or house of honor and busi- ness Is the most fmportant of any of the twelve, A transit of Saturn here s often coincident with bankruptcy and ruin, Only a very strong nativity can resist the potent indications of this transit. There- fore every business man ought to be ad vised of its approach and prepare for it as th The transit of Jupiter through the tenth is most fortunate, provided there are no transits or directions operating at time. Mars in this house indicates Uranus also This is the house of the is evil by spells. midheaven The eleventh or house of friends, gives but weak indications. Jupiter here makes friends more kind than usual. The twelfth, or house of sorrow, s a strong indication of the planets transiting therein at birth, but transit during life- time do not seem to have much influence. This house also has reference to secret enemies, The sign that fs existing at the moment the stature, complexion, disposition, etc., of the child when grown to maturity. But there is such a complication of other causes, indications and testimonies to modify these general descriptions that it is not uncommon to find one whose pe cullarities are exactly opposite to the gen- eral indications, Among the modifying causes may be mentioned the race or na- tionality. A Chinese baby would, perhaps, grow up to be a pagan, wear a piglail, ete.,, while his American twin might go to school, study law and prosecute him for stealing. Yet, notwithstanding these differences both might have heart disease; be near sighted, hard of hearing, dyspep- tics, ete. ‘Aries, the ram, rules the head and face and is ruled by Mars. When ascending at birth, denotes a spare, strong, tallish person, sharp sight, oval face, red- dish hair, swarthy complexion, dark eye- brows, long neck, large shoulders; in- clined to rule instead of being ruled; can- not bear contradictions and of rash or violent disposition. Taurus, the bull, rules the mneck and throat and le ruled by Venus. Denotes a short, well et person, full face and eyes, wide nose and mouth, shining face, thick neck, short, broad hand, dark, wavy or curly hair, large shoulders; fond of good living; subject to fits of madness; slow to anger, but furious when enraged, though usually cheerful and obliging. Gemini, the twins, rules the arms and chest and fs ruled by Mercury. Denotes a tall, well formed person, long arms, short hands and feet, high instep, smart, quick step, dark hair, sanguine complexion, good wit and intellect, hazel eyes, having a pe- culiar sparkle and sharp sight. Cancer, the crab, rules the breast and lungs and is ruled by the moon. Denotes a medium stature; the upper portion of the body larger than the lower; soft ekin and flesh, round face, gray eyes, small features, brown hair, pale or tawny complexion, suppressed voice, peaceably inclined and averse to storm and bluster. Leo, the lion, rules the heart and back and is ruled by the sun. Denotes a large, wiery body, well proportioned; broad shoulders, round head, light or ruddy com- plexion, large, full eyes, bushy or curly hair, strong, deep voice, grip with hand strong; ambitious, nol haughty; generous; gentle when unprovoked, but in anger ter- rible. Virgo, the virgin, rules the stomach and intestines and is ruled by Mercury. De- notes a middle or tall person; slender and well formed oval face, high cheek bones, shrill voice, but not loud, ingenicus mind; fond of learning; disposed to waver or hesitate; very Industrious; diffident; bash- ful, and if a woman very modest. Libra, the balance, rules the reins and loins and is ruled by Venus. Denotes a tall, graceful figure, fine, soft, auburn hair; roundish face; pink and lily com- plexion, which becomes ruddy or pimpled in old age; blue, beautiful eyes; amiable dis- position; averse to crueity and bloodshed; a lover of justice; neat and particular, but not fond of hard or drty work. Scorplo, the scorplon, rules the lower por- tion of the body and generative organs, and is ruled by Mars. Denotes a medium size; dusky complexion; dark, curly hair, which is bushy and plentiful; thick neck; lower limbs €ometimes not very symmetrical; hasty; stirring and energetic, but subtla and gitarius, the archer, rules the hips and thighs, and is ruled by Jupiter. Denotes a well formed, tall person; long limbs and features; stralght Grecian nose; expressive eyes; chestnut hair, growing thin above the temples and disposed to baldness; jovial dls- position; generous and charitable; swift run- ner and good jumper; daring and intrepid; fond of horses and hunting. Capricornus, the water goat, rules the knees and calves, and is ruled by Saturn Denotes a short, slender and very graceful figure; inclined to bend forwerd, or bow or nod the head; long or pointed chin; slender neck; narrow breast; lower limbs mot well formed; has a skippish moverent; firm, sen- sitive and nervous; capricious; subject to fits of melancholy and to brood over an injury especially when alone. Aquarius, the waterman; rules the legs and ankles, and is ruled by Uranus and Saturn Denotés a tall, stout person; robust, healthy appearance; long and rather fleshy face; clear complexion, inclining to sanguine; sandy or darkish hair not so light as beard, hazel eyes; gentle, benevolent disposition; grave aspect and dignified in speech; a firm friend, but determined enemy; cheerful, yet subject to gloomy forebodings. Pisces, the fishes; rules the feet, and is ruled by Jupiter. Denotes middle or short- ish stature; full face, with pale or sanguine complexion: round shoulders; short fin-like limbs; placid, sleepy eyes; sometimes webbed between fingers for a short distance; thirst for fluids; a good swimmer; generous and good matured; not very industrious, but some- how always provided for; laughs at mis- fortune and takes the world easy. Theso descriptions seldom prove exact, but generally approximate in most particulars, The discrepancies arige from a conflict of the indications and the planetary configurations. (To be Continued.) e e BOOKS AND PERIODICALS. The Century company has issued a new poster by Eugene Grasset for the June number of The Century Magazine. It 1l- lustrates Prof. Sloane's life of Napoleon, and is no less striking in its way than Grasset's famous “‘Sun of Austerlitz,”” which has already become so well known in this country. The subject is Napoleon in Egypt, just preceding the Battle of the Pyramids. Napoleon is seated upon his white charger, which has rich barbaric trappings of red and gold. The arm of the conqueror is ex- tended, pointing to the pyramids, as if uttering his ringing address, *Soldlers, forty centuries look down upon you from the summit of the Pyramids.” Past him march the troops. The yellow glare of the desert, the dun-colored sky and the bril- llant uniform of Napoleon make an unusual harmony of color. During the present craze for poster-collecting, examples by Grasset are the most highly prized of all. The Century company will issue a special edi- tion of this poster for collectors, each copy signed by the artist. Vacation time is near at hand and the children will find pleasant suggestions of the woods and fields in the June number of St. Nicholas. One of the little verses, that will awaken sympathy in the mind of every reader, 18 “When Vacation's Nearing,” by A. 8. Webber. Mr. Stearn’s “Chris and the Wonderful Lamp" {s brought to an end with & most unexpected complication, show- ing how Alladin's genil escaped from the slavery of the lamp. In Mr. Pyle's story, Jack Balllster wins full recognition for his pluck in resculng the heroine from the pirates. “Teddy and Carrots,” the two lit- tle boys that James Otis is describing, are planning Teddy's release (from the fall, where he was so unfeellngly put by the policeman. In “The Boy of the First Em- pire,” the main event is the turning of the Paris populace against Napoleon, but the developments throw light upon the parent- age of Phillp, the page. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt writes of “George Rogers Clark and the Conquest of the Northwest” in his series of Hero Tales from American His- tory. Prof. W. T. Hornaday has one of the most interesting of his natural history papers, his subject this month being “The Buftalo, Musk-Ox, Mountain Sheep and Mountain Goat.” Mr., Hornaday writes re- gretfully of the extinction of the bison, but says that the musk-ox will fortunately es- cape this fate. A bright story for the mariner does for an approaching storm. | telling the ad- ventures of a party of five boys who were cast away for a few days on an island in one of the great lakes, There are tho usual number of clever verses and jingles. The Century company, New York. The charm of listening to a famous man as he tells of the greatest influence upon his life comes very strong upon one In reading the article which Rev. Robert Collyer, D.D., contributes to the June, Jssue of The Ladies' Home Journal. It is in the magazine's series of “The Woman Who Most Influenced M and s at once the daintiest and etron, contribution to {t. The American end of the Bonaparte family, the Baltimore girl, Miss Patterson, who married Jerome Bonaparte, is well written of and pictured, and furnishes a happy addition to current Napoleonic in- terest. Dr. Parkhurst, for the first time, writes of woman suffrage in an article, “Woman Without the Ballot,” which will probably call forth a etorm of dissent. Rd- ward Bok writes of “Girls Who Pose as “Trilby,’ " and of the ** Woman," whom Luck of the Pendennings,” by Elizabeth W | | he says does not exist. A new eerial | Bellamy, the southern novelist, begins In- terestingly, and gives promise of a strong plece of work. Alice Barber Stephens illu trates it. “The Fashionable White Gown" is pictured and described, and some very practical suggestions for “Cotton and Woolen *‘n.\vl. are glven, One of Alice Barbe: Stephens' pretty girls adorns the cover. The Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia. When Dr. Samuel F. Mather, who dfed at Kansas City June 1, realized that his end was near, he caused a contract to be made gIving property to the amount of $25,000 for the erection of the Kansas City Methodist Protestant university. DOCTOR Searles & Searles SPECIALIST <. Skin Diseases, Pimiples, Scroful Tetter, Poson thoroughly cleansed frou) the systen. 9 LADIES given eareful Jund special attention for all Wtheir many peculiur all- CATARRH, Throat Lungs, Liver, ' Dyspopsiu W Troubles curcd by spocial \Weourse of treatment. (VITACITY WEAK) mad WEAK MEN {UTEU0T J0w ol tion 1o business or study, severe mental strain_or grief, SEXUAL I in middle life or from the effects of youthful follles, all yield readily to our mew ireatment for loss of Vital power. V Your troubles It out ot city. ‘Licusands WRITE 005 it home by corrwspun.iines, Dr. Searles & Searles, Gt Nes. KINGSFORD’S aundro TRADE MARK THE PE FECT COLD WATER STARCH 1S A SAVER OF TIME, LABOR & MONEY. Chichester's ik PILL Bold by il Loca) Drvge NEW FACES Alb AUOUT CliANGING thio Features und Remov- ing Blemishes, In 150 p. book for & stamp. Fohn H. Woodbury, 121 . 420 §t., V. ¥, “ventor of Woodbury’s Facial Sosd. y ¢ Dest of ARLINg wild KAl 08, Adaress 1. V. HOLCOMB. fier that at Hotel quen\ tr; June 20, $15 brought to Nicoll the Tai« lor will procure a made-to- order suit that before the low tariff would have cost $20. Like reductions will be noticed in the price of other suit= ings and overcoatings from $15 to ¢50 and at all prices between. Trousers to order for g4 that under the old tariff would have cost g5 and similar saving on all trousers up to $14, Skilled labor was never so good or abundant and we have plenty of it, amples malled. ments expressed. 207 S. ISTH STREET. CHICAGO. /) % St. Louts, ST. PAUL. W[w OMatA BostoN. —m Denver, DESMOINES. TA PITTSBURG, WASHINGTON. NEW YORK. INDIANAPOLIS, KANSAS CITY. SANFRANCISCO. MINNEAPOLIS, HARTFORD, PORTLAND, ORI, LOSANGELES. Infants’ Complete Outfits. - First Short Clothes. - Ladies’ Underwear Send name and get Made to Order. llustrated Descriptive Lists Free. * SCHULZ & CO., 86 Washington-st., CIICAGO, Formerly Dora Bchulz Mfg. Co, 1. 50 minntes from Minueapolis. ding, ST. PAUL, MINNESOIA, until TH NOTA DARK OFFICE ROOM IN ANY PART OF THE BUILDING. Ak The Bee BEE BUILDING BARBER SHOP, Ired. Buelow, Proprietor. FIDBLITY TRUST COMPANY, Mortgage oun; WYCKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, Remington Typewriters and Suppl FOREST LAWN CEMETERY ASSOCIA- TION. FIRST 8 COMPANY. BUILDING. TELEGRAPH 0! BUSINESS OFFIC! UCAN WATERWO! RINTENDENT I RN UNION BURANCEE COMPANY. 1BLGUTTER, Law Offce. CHRISTIAN BCIENCE ROOMS. J.W. SQUIRE, Loans. GEORGE E. TURKINGTON, Attorney-at- Law. g THIRD o, 8 READING W. A. WEBSTER, Real Estate, HUGH MURPHY, Contractor. R. W. PATRIC Law Office. UNITED STAT & LIFE INSURANCE CO. DR, O. 8. HOFFMAN, R. TRAUERMAN, Attorney. UITY COURT, Rooms No. 6 and 7. E. W. BIMERAL, WM .SIMERAL, Law Offices, VIAVI COMPANY. FOURTH NABON & NASON, Den! GALBRAITH & KBELLER, Brokers. PACIFIC LAND CO.," Portland, Oregon. C. B, ALLEN, Alpha Council No. 1 Wood- ‘man ‘of the World. PACIFIC MUTUAL, LIFE AND ACCI- DENT INSURANCE CO. WEBSTER, HOWARD & CO., Fire In- surance. 1 L BLACK, Civil Engineer. G. W. SUES & CO., Bolicitors of Patents, TIFTH ARMY HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE PLATTE. SIXTH BATES & SMITH, Mortgages and Loans. BEE EDITORIAL ROOMS, BEE COMPOSING ROOM C. F. DEINDORFF, Architect. U. 8. GOVERNMEN'T PRINTING OFVICE E. P. ROGGEN, Life Insurance DIRECTORY OF OCCPUANTS. BASEMENT FIOOR. JEN Palace Office Building INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LIGHTS PERFECT ; VENTILATIO¥ NIGHT AND DAY ELEVATOR SERVICR Building. H. W. COWDUROY, Buffet, R. E. CAMPBELL, Court Rotunda, Cigars and Tobacco, THE OMAHA LOAN AND BUILDING ABSOCIATION, G. M. Nattinger, Becre MUT L LOAN ND IN UTUAL T AND BUILDING ASS0» FLOOR. Y. W. CHRISTIAN ASS8OCIATION, MRS, A. 8. CONVERBE, Beauty Culture oom. E. T. PARDE . Agent Fort Wayne Eleos tric Co. ] SECOND FLOOR. ; DR. REBE s DR. KINSLE Nos . MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE IN-|DR. l}ll»\l(l % 341;\"!-1‘\.\5‘1‘{'1‘2‘1{.“"‘ HARTMAN ‘& ROBBINS, C. 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