Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, November 4, 1894, Page 10

NOBLEST ROMAN OF THEM ALL Bketoh of the Most Liberal and Democratio of All the Pontiffs, DAILY LIFE AND LABORS OF POPE LEO “One of the Ablest and Most Remarkable Men of the Century”—How asiness is Dispatehed Recolved ~Ceremonles In St. Poters. and Visitors (Copyrighted, 150, by McClure.) The world concedes that Leo XIIL {s one of the ablest and most remarkable men of the century, whose grasp is firm enough to govern successtully the most powerful and extensive organization that exists, and whose broad sympathy has embraced the .entire fleld of human aspirations and in- terests, The condition in which he found the church, the embarrassments under which he has labored, the obstacles he had o overcome, measured beside its progress since he assumed sovercignty in 1878, proves him to be one of the greatest masters of politics and diplomacy as well as of religious Ppropaganda. Few men have had a keener appreciation of the political tendencles of these tim, formed more skillfully to the vancement and the constant thought, discovery, commerce and gover ment, He s the most liberal and dem: cratic of all the pontiffs that have been and his sympatlies are with the party of progress everywhere. The hoiy father is a man of exceedingly frail frame and small stature. I am told that his attendant picks him up and carries him about the Vatican as it he were a child, His health has always been delicate, and the strongest argument offered in the conclave against his election to the papacy was that 1 he cquld endure the cares and responsibilities of the office but a few months, But Fra Antonio Marchi, who had known bim from boyhood, said “Nonsense! Leo will twenty years! Ha has survived for sixteen and has seen - many strong fen die around him, but now, passing into his 85th year, Burope would nol be surprised at any time to hear of his death. A few months ago the pope asked a physi- clan to tell him frankly how long his frail body might last. ‘‘Holy father,” replicd the physiclan, “‘un- some acute disease should attack you should say that you might live five years longer." “Five years” exclaimed Leo XIIL, “I sh “then be 89, the age at which a good Fran- glscan brother prophesiod that 1 should During last winter he suffered much from the grip or influenza, and on an ocea- slon recently, shortly affer receiving the crown prince of Sweden and suite with un- usual ceremonies, he fainted from exhaus- Yon and it was feared he would never re- vive. world's ad- evolution of relgn as pope for THE POPE'S DAILY LIFE His life i+ an exceed'nsly simple one. He occupies a single room on the top floor of the Vatican and sleeps upon a narrow iron bed. The only furniture in the room is a rug “upon the tiled floor, a plain wash stand, a . wardrobe, & table and a few chairs. = A gentleman who has seen it tells me that the { furnishings are as plain and simple as those of & peasant’s home and that $100 would re- !'place the whole. He has a single attendant, & man named Centra, who was born upon his ancestral estates at Carpineto and was his body servant for years while he was still i@ cardinal. This man bathes dnd dresses him, attends to his meals, often wheels him ., In & rolling chair about the corridors and the ! magnlficent gardens, and supports him when he walks. He is at once his butler, valet and hurse, and allows no other servant near i the person of his master. The holy father spends time in prayer and reflection, and some days his “habit is to sit for hours in a plaln and old- fashioned, but comfortable chalr, before the Window of his room, which overlooks the Walled garden of the Vatican, with his eyes i closed and his thoughts upon’ the policy and % the business of the church. At these mo- ments he is never allowed to be disturbed. Centra always comes to awaken and dress 4 him at 6 o'clock in the morning, after which ! he attends mass in a private chapel adjoining his apartments. Often he hears a second immediately after which he calls his mass of * thanksgiving, celebrated by one of his chap- lains, At 7 he has a simple breakfast of milk and coffee and cold bread, and then such ¢ ofcial correspondence as requires his at- tention Is laid before him by his secretaries, to whom he indicates what disposition shali be made of the various matters involved He speaks, and reads and acts with great de- liberation, although his latter life has been a remarkable exhibition of nervous ecnergy and endurance, At 10 o'clock he always re- celves Cardinal Rampolla, the papal secretary of state, his most trusted and able lleuten- ant, and thought by many to be the greatest man in the church today. Afterward such other officials at the Vatican as may have business with him. This generally occuples the time until noon, when a frugal dinner .18 eaten, and then a siesta is enjoyed. THE POPE MUST DINE ALONE. This dinner (illustrates his severe sim- plicity, It consists always of some sort of nutritious soup; maccaroni, a slice of roast ~beet or mutton, a single vegetable and frult. He drinks freely of a light red | Wine, which has for years been furnished him by a convent of nuns in the south of France, and never uses any other. He takes his dinndr leisutely, to encourage digestion and while eating usually reads the news. papers, or chats with some one of the house- hold, although etiquette requires him to eat alone. When his brother, the late Cardinal Peccl, llved in the Vatican he often sat for company while the holy father ate his noonday meal, and sometimes when the latter insisted upon sharing his food, the cardinal would accept a portion, but insisted upon sitting at a separate fable adjoining that of the person to whom he always referred With great reverence as My Brother, the Sovereign Pontift.” The pope cannot have a friend to dine wit Bim, but often asks a Roman prince, or one of the cardinals, or some other distinguished personage to join him at supper, which is Invariably limited to a glass of milk or a cup of broth with a cold roll, and a glass of wine. After this siesta, which is taken in a chair, the pope devotes the remainder of the day to the reception of visitors—Tuesdays and + Fridays being devoted exclusively to foreign ambassadors—and to rest and recreation About 4 o'clock on . pleasant days he goes for walk or a drive in the garden, where there & winding carriage road about a mile in “t:h' On stormy days he takes his exercise , In the corridors of the Vatican, being usually accompanied by Mgr, Marzolini, the pontifical master of ceremonies, whom he has known from a child, and educated while he wa: archbishop of Perugl, The pope formerly used to do much writ- Ing of evenings in his study, preparing pontifi- cal decrees and letters of state, but since he has felt the weight of age he retires early and Marzolinl reads him fo sleep. The greatest houor the pope can pay a friend or stranger Is to invite him to mass in his private chapel and receive the sacra ment from his own hands. This is reserved for kings and emperors, distinguished for thelr fidelity to the church, and for favored prelates s a_reward for acts of devotion or eminent service. LEO'S FAVORITE PASTIME, The favorite pastime of Leo XIIL much demands upon it. His poems will doubtle: bo collected for publication after hi and will fili a considerable volume, January last he composed an ode in honor of the 90th birthday of Cesare Cautu, an eminent Italian historian who h < friend from youth, pares hia hero to the setting sun. During his formal audiences, weveral times a Week, he sits in an antique, high-backed chalr, with leather upholstery, under a scarlet canopy, clad in a robe of white, with & scariet cloak thrown over his shoulders, but wears no erown but his sil: bair., His hand trembles with age and Nervousress when he extends it In bless. g aud the pallor of his face i painful, and o leader of men has con- | as It has been of many of his predecessors, is the . composition of Latin poems, but of late his strength has been equal only to the offcial deatn In been in which he com- which he continues to give wilh great good pature but the brilliancy of his eyes, and his clear, deep volcs furnish a striking contrast. Hw speaks slowly, enunclates olearly, never ai tempting to conceal the humor and human interest that have been among his strongest characteristics. He uses French, Itallan or Latin habitually, and can understand some English, although he does not speak it Not long ago a beautiful American girl, whose protestantism was stronger than her sense of propriety, was among the visitors in the pope’s audience chamber, and to her surprise found herself expected to kneel and Kkiss his ring. Instinctively she resisted. Not a_motion or even a thought of the girl seemed to escape his holiness, who addressed her with a pleasant smile and said: “Come, come, my dear, an old man's blessing can not possibly harm so beautiful a heretic as you are. RARE APPEARANCES The pope appears in public quently, and then only to participate in some magoificent ceremonial in St. Peter which Is attached to the Vatican, and a all know is the pontifical cathedral. On these occasions politics are generally for gotten, and even the most rigid adherents of the civil authorities are willing to resort to any resource to obtain tickets to the trib. unes from which the spectacle may be wit- nessed. St. Peter's Is so vast that hundreds of thousands of people can be sheltered by its dome, but of these comparatively few can see what transpires about the altar. No man fs admitted to the tribunes unless he comes in evening dress. Even a black cravat is sufficient to exclude him, although he may have a card of admission; and all women must wear sombre black without bonnets. The foreign ambassadors acered- ited td the Vatican, however, appear in their aplendid medieval costumes and regalia; the military officers of the Papal guards wear their Beous of the church their robes of scarlet, purple, their chains of gold, their jeweled decorations and other insignia that indicate their honors and their rank the crowd that fills the remainder of the temple one finds soldiers and priests and peasants, men, women and children of all races and colors and casts mingled indi criminately, who can hear the sublime music but see nothing. The holy father enters from the Vatican in the center of the procession. A passage is cleared for him by the Guarda Nobile, as it is called, an escort of princes and nobles, who accompany him on all cere- monials. and are appointed to that honor as a reward for some gift (o or some serv- ice performed for the church. Following them come a band of physicians sounding silver trumpots, and next the college of cardinals, gorgeously apparelled, with thelr long, scarlet trains borne by pages in livery. THE FAMOUS TRIPLE CROWN With its jewels worth millions of money, | 1s now too heavy for the slender strengih | of the pope to bear, so it s carried before | him upon @ scarlet cushion by some dis | tinguished noble, usually the high chamber lain of the paface. ~The holy father is | seated upon the sedia gestatorla, or pontifical throne of scarlet and gold, which stands upon a platform carried by long poles upon the shoulders of stalwart guards, while over his head is a canopy of white and gray silk supported by the sixteen chief canons of the church. On either side of him are borne the four celebrated ostrich feather fan mounted in red and gold and embroide with the papal .coat of arms. His shrunken frame is wrapped in a long white robe, heavily embroidered with and a cloak of scarlet satin lined with ermine falls from his shoulders. A mitre of cloth of gold, presented to him by Emperor Willlam of Germany, now protects his head, and outside the white gloves that cover his transparent hands can be seen the pontifical ring, which has been passed down from twenty-six generations. - Upon his breast hangs a cross of superb diamonds, and he carries in his hand a jeweled scepter, a sym- bol of authority. Behind him. follow a group of occlesiastics, and another detachment of the Guarda Nobile, and as the procession passes through the church he turns from side to side, extending his hands in_blessing over the kneeling multitude. As hé passes they rise and shout “Viva il Papa! Viva il Papa! Viva Leon As he enters the large square $pace before the altar the Guarda Nobile form- a cordon around him, and the occupants of the tribunes kneel. . The:cardinals are seated in rows of chairs, each ore with a page kneel- ing before him holding his scarlet hat. The pope formerly officated at mass on these occasions, buthe now sits sflently upon his throne through the service, leaving it only to participate in the elevation of the host, and at the closo of the celebration to knesl upon a golden cushion and utter a prayer of thanksgiving for the prosperity of the church and the prolongation ot his life. An attendant then usually brings him a cup of bouillon, to sustain his strength, for he has taken no refreshment before mass. ~At the close of the ceremony the procession is reformed in the same order and returns through the crowd to the palace. At the statue of St. Peter it pauses for a moment, and the holy father, arising from his throne, extends his arms and invokes a bless- ing upon the multitude. This is followed by a tremendous burst of applause from every volce, and the pageant dizappears in (he corridors. ¢ A PRISONER IN THE VATICAN. Although the people of Italy are fominally Catholics, neither the civil nor the ecclesiasti- cal authorities would deem it prudent for the pope to appear upon the streets of Rome. Po- litical prejudice is so flerce, and the Italian character so stormy, that while no violence might be offered him, his presence would cer- tainly provoke a riot and perhaps a revolu- tion. The faithful would receive him with applause and surround his carriage to seek his blessing, while the opponents of the papal prerogatives would undoubtedly show their re- sentment at such a demonstration, and a cal- lision would ensue. The political and financial condition of Italy, most severely felt in Rome, is the cause of the gravest apprehension, and a spark from the Vatican might kindle a conflagration that the civil authorities could never subdue. ‘Men of impartial minds, even among the opponents of the papacy, are willing to admit that the antagonism between the Quirinal and the Vatiean is the source of the greatest weak- ness to the state, and one that will be felt when the impending crisis occurs. The pope insists that Rome is his, and that its occu- pation by the king is an Invasion of his sovereign rights, and a cession of the city is the first principle necessary to harmony and peace. The adherents of the papal party, although suppressed and silent, would seize any opportunity offered by a political revo- lutlon to enforce his claims to possession, and their sympathles are supposed to be with the radical party, which is always conspiring for the overthrow of the throne and the establish- ment of a republic like that of France. It is IN PUBLIC. ery infre- partial of the forelgn residents of Rome that this event must come, sooner or later, and that its culmination will be the restoration of papal supremacy in the Eternal City. WILLIAM ELEROY CURTIS. Ll St i EDUCATIONAL. Saptain Pratt reports ‘the Indlan school at Carlisle, Pa., in a flourishing condition, with 818 pupils, among whom fifty-four tribes are represented. Nearly every grammar school In the city of New York has an anti-clgarette league, to one of which 700 boys belong. Prof. Harry B. Hutchins, who has been connected with the Cornell School of Law since is organization in 1887 as associate dean, has accepted the deanship of the Uni- versity of Michigan Law school. Prot. Hadley of Yale college, chalr of po- litical economy, is golug to Introduce a new system of Instruction In his classes, substi- tuting debates for reeitations. The National Association of Colleglate Alumnae, of which Mrs. Martha Foote Crow of Chicago s president, now consists of 1,820 members, and its annual meeting is now in progress at New Haven, Coun. The will of Horace I Smith of Ithaca, who died a fow days ago, leaving a widow without children, provided that the widow should havo the income from the estate, worth be- tween $12,000 and $20,000, and that at her death the principal should go to Cornell university as a fund in aid of poor students. Prosident Schurman, in his report last year, appealed to persons of means to aid the university by founding new professorships, bullding dormitories, and establishing aid funds for poor and deserving students. Mr. Smith's response to this appeal not only in- creases the resources of the university in this direction, but sets an example which other persous of moderate means and much wealth, in all parts of the state, are likely to follow. »rms, and the dignitaries | and | but among | gold, | the conviction of the most Intelligent and im- | HER REASON. Hoston Courler. "Twas twilight on the placld lake, We two were In the skiff; And for an hour we hung beneath The shadows of & cliff. 8he in the stern, I at the oars, And heavenly did she seem; With nothing could she be compared Unless "a poet’s dream. “Ah! would the st For twe,” “But come, wide enough fller, love, And night comes on,” T_sald But, blushing slightly at her thoughts, She shook her pretty head. “Oh, no!" eald she, Row farther on But I must steer, Her tresses waved me s “Art not afrald?’ 1 sorely ask With slightly flushing brow. “Afraid? Oh, no, you cross old stiek! 1t's most too light, just now.” “I wonld not dare; you may and to my prayers Plorre Le Grand and the Spainish Treasuro Ship. HOWARD PYLE. FIRST PAPER. Plerie le Grand, buccancer and pirate. Such was the name and title of the first of the great freebooters of the West Indi There were others who came after him as famous, and even more famous in their time than he—Mansvelt, Bartholomew Portuguese, Roch Brazillanous, Lolonoise, and, finally, the great and always to be remembered, Sir Henry Morgan, the conqueror of Panama and the king of the buccaneer pirates. But just now It is to be told of Plerre le and, or Peter the Great, as he would call Lim in English, and of how he captured the great Spanish treasure ship, the vice admiral of the Spanish flota, off Cape Tiburon, down In the hot West Indles, somewhere about the year 1665 The word ‘buccaneer” does mnot itself mean “pirate.”’ The buccaneers were really curers of meat by a process of drying in the called “buccanning,” or “buccaneer- The man who first invented this pro- cess of preserving meat was a Scotch-En- glishman, by name Buchanan; hence the name ‘“‘bucaneer,” or ‘buceaneer. These men—the buccaneers—chiefly cen- tered in the neighborhood of the northwest coast of the Island of Hispaniola (afterward called Santo Domingo), and in the neighbor- ing fsland of Tortuga, or Tortolse, so called because of its shape, which was like a sea tortoise floating upon the water. In this part of the West Indies there were great herds of wild cattle, which had been brought over to the Americans during the previous century by the Spaniards, and which now roamed at large over the pampas and through the tropical forests of these two islands. These the buccaneers hunted and killed, cutting up their flesh, drying it in:the sun and selling it' to’the Spanish ship eap- tains who sailed in-and out along the great Bahama channel on their way to America or_home again. The West Indies were at that time the vast treasuro house from which Spain drew all her wealth, Ever since the discovery of the new world by Columbug, Spain had laid claim to all that immense part of the world—to all those thousand beautiful islands scattered over the wonderful Caribbean sea; to all the northern coast of South America and the Isthmus of Darien &nd Panama, and to all of the west coast of the continent bordering the wide Pacific océan. 2 Now, Central and especially South America are, perhaps, the richest spots for gold and silver in all the world. There in the fathom- less and tangled forests are rivers whose sands daily sparkle with particles ‘of the precious metal—rocks seamed and honey- ombed with yellow veins of treasure. Kvery- where Spain %ad. her agents gethering from this vast storehouse treasures of the preclous metals, which were carried across the ocean in those queer,: old, high-pooped ships and poured a golden stream into the coffers of the Spanish king. Of course, all this enormous treasure emp- tied out from the rew world into Spain made the other nations of Europe very envi- ous of her.; Nobody felt that all the great western. world really: beloliged-to one pegple and to one king. Other nations felt {hat they had' Just as much right to bring away from the Amerlcas some of that native sil- ver and gold as had Spain. Spain, upon her part, striving to keep-everything for hergelf, sent’ thither great war ships to keep other nations from taking from the great mother earth that which tho Spanish people claimed belonged all to themselves. So Spain, trying to keep all the rest of the world out of the West Indies, and all the rest of the world striving to get gold and silver for itsel?, it came about that for two centurles, even wlen the nations of the edrth were nominally at peace, there was war, war in the West Indies, ceaseless war, bloody and cruel, Now, when the buccaneers first came to the Spanish main, as it was called, they came there, as was said, not to rob Spain of her silver and gold, buf to gain money in another way. Ship captains that came to the Amer- icas had no means of obtaining provisions to victual their ships for the return voyage. There was no flour acd no grain. There was no meat, and if there had been meat there was no salt wherewith to cure it. A ship captain had cither to victual a ship for the round voyage to the West Indies and return, or else run the risk of falling short of provisions. Sometimes a ship’s crew would almost starve before they got back to their own country. When Buchanan first invented his process of curing meat, and when ship captains began to supply them- selves therewith, he made an enormous fortune in a little while—such a great fortune that nearly every one that had nothing else better to do began to turn his attention to the curing of meat as Buchanan had done. These buccaneer curers of meai were nearly always English, French and' Dutch. But, as was said, Spain did not allow any of the other nations to come into her parts of America. So, she tried to drive the buc- careers out of Tortuga. The buecaneers, upon their part, gathered together into a little army and fought the Spaniards. So began a war; first favorable to the Span- iards, then to the buccaneers, which did not cease for over twenty years, and only termi- nated finally when ‘the buccaneers took possession of the Island of Tortuga in the name of France and drove and kept the Spanlards out of that island. After that they buccaneered thelr meat in comparative peace and quietness until so many men were hunting wild cattle and drying their meat that the business was no longer profitable to anybody. It was just about this time that Pierre, of whom nobody heretofore had ever heard, became Pierre le Grand. He was at that time living in Tortuga, He had been, it was sald, a native of Dieppe, In Normandy, and from this faint distant glimpse we catch of him in a queer little Dutch history published in Amsterdam far . back ‘in 1768, called ‘‘De Ameri- caensche Zee Roovers,’ we may. see Plerre, a wild, desperate, roving French- man, probably the chief of a band of bu canger meat curers as wild and as desperate as_himself. It was to Pierre le Grand that it ocourred to carry the war with Spain out into the wat of the Caribbean sea. These old buccaneers were not only hunters of wild cattle and curers of wild cattls meat; they were also skilled and venturesome sailors. So one day Pierre le Grand set sail in a little open boat with twenty-eight men and vehtured out into the Bahama ohannel in quest of adventure against the Spaniards. Buccaneer towns in Tortuga must have been just such little scattered villages of huts, some of stone, but mostly of “wattle, smeared with mud, as they now build down in the West Indles. The houses stood fabing the naked, dusty streets along which they stood. There were cocoa palm trees every- where, and bananas and all that thick, luxuriant vegetation Which overruns every- thing with great, thick masses of green foliage. Up and dawn the hot, baked streots and clustered arpund the ‘“ordinary,” or drinking houses, were the buccaneers thém- selves—wild, desperats, shaggy men; with wide brimmed hats of woven grasses; with great, baggy breeches and short coat: belt and badualler and broadsword, and a musket almost heavy as a little cannon. A couple of pistols hung from a sling about the neck, and a knife was thrust in the beit. Such were the buccaneers, and it was with such a crew that Pierre le Grand set sall in a little open boat and skimmed away out of the great wide waters of Bahama channel in search of a Spanish boat to fight, It was not until they had reached oft Cape ‘Tiburon, on the west side of Hispaniola, that Plerre and his party fell in with any ad- venture ‘The boat,’ BY says one historian of this venture, l..“ Charles’ day—"the boat wherein Plerre le Grand. was with bis companions had now been at sea_a_long time without finding anything, according to his Intent of piracy, suitable to make a prey. And now their provision beginning to fail, they must of necessity staj Helng almost reduced to dospair, the; fed & great ship of the Spanish flota, @hfeh had separated from the rest, essal they resolved to set ke or die in the at- This ship Spanish_flota with gold an| It was ab sighted her. riding at anc the Vice Admiral of the fleet, and it was ifyer plate. vesing when the pirates e Sbip ws then probably A huge, unwioldly structure, rising and falling on the slow ground swell | nd black against | of the hot, smooth sea, blg the western evening sky. distance was the scattered fleet, at anchor. The little open boat buccaneers In {t sailed toward her. Far away in the with the That very day,” says the historian, “the eaptain | of the ship had been told by some of the sea- | men that a boat which was in view cruising was a boat of pirates. Unto whom the cap- tain, slighting their advice, made answer ‘What, then; must L.be afrald of such & pititul thing as :that fs? No; nor though whe were a big Ship 45 big and sirong as mine et 8o now Plerre le Grand and his pirates were rowing silently toward the plate ship through the dusk of the evening that fell, as it falls in the tropies, mwiftly and sud- denly.. They drew nearer and nearer, and the Spaniards did: not see them stand by him in the hour of coming danger; then he ordered the surgeon to bore holes in the bottom of the little boat in which they were, o that it would sink beneath them and they would have no means of escaps, so that it would be either to fight and to conquer or else to die. They came iards. Now and the great nearer and nearer the Span they were very close aboard, bulk loomed up above them big and still in_the gathering darkness and | the murmuring silence. of the tropical night. Pierre and the othergreached out and stopped the on-coming of the little boat. The sur- geon had done his work, and It was already filling under them, the water pouring gur- glingly into it. There time for delay. They must leave their boat or it would sink beneath them. ~Up the side they swarmed in the darkness and over the rail of the big ship. ‘‘This,” says the his- torian, ‘““was performed accordingly, and without any other arms than a pistol in -ono | of their hands and a sword in the other.” The next moment there was a patter and | a scuffle of bam feet on the smooth, still deck of tha Spanisl vessel; a dark rush of men's figures hithef and thither. Pierre at the héad, with thres br four men, ran swiftly through the darkness across the deck and into the great cabin; others ran to the gun ropm and topk possession of the guns and ammunition. - = . - In the cabin“fhe ‘cdptain of the ship was sitting with some friends playing cards by the dim light of the lantern swung overhead from the deck above. Pierre burst the door open with a kick and a blow and. rushed directly up to the captain, thrusting out h pistol and pressing-it against.that officer’s breast, “commanding him,” says the chron icler, “'to_deliver up the ship unto their obe- dience. The Spaniards,” says he, “‘seeing the pirates aboard their ship without scarce hav. ing seen them at once, cried out: ‘Heaven bless us! Are these devils, or what are they?" " J They were peither,#divils” nor men.. They were the first’ buccaneer pirates of the Span ish main. Thus at a stroke and without a drop of blood having been shed, fell the Spanish Vice Admiral, the treasure ship, with, no man could tell, how; great a treasurs aboard, and without a nms“l.: her one of the Spanish fleet knowing AMAY there were pirates mear at_hand. sevam Pierre le Grand set the captain and a num- ber of the crew of the Vice Admiral ashore in the darkness, the rest being *kept on board the boat to man her. Then without waiting for, mornjng they, sljgned. L., cables and sajled away toward France. - - 4 How, great he treasure they’ gained, oW vkt the amount of gold and:sMyer, there is no record. 1t must have been enormious. Plerre reached France in safety. “There,” says the chronicler, “he continued without ever returning unto the parts of America.” Such is_the famous, exploit. of Plerre le Grand, the first buccaneer pirate who, at a gingle bold' dash ap tho side ofthe’ great Spanish’ ship, gained inestimable wealth and fame in five minutes' time. It was the first spark that set all the West Indies into a blaze, that of piracy and rapine, that did not cease for over twenty years. THE HERO OF TARFALGAR. L.0ra Nelson <Grew from n Foeble Lad to the Greatest of Naval Con anders. When Horatio Nelson was a lad of 10 he was sent to a boarding school. Being wasted by quinsy and naturally of small stature, to ' his’ felldw students he seemed adite insignificant. e was .s0on recog nized, however, a8 (he most daring boy In the school. One dark night a council of war was held regarding the capture of a pear tree which stood at a short, distance from the dormitory. When every one else had refused to under- takb the job, Nelson offered his services. A rope was tied around his.waist and he was literally tossed over on the tree, Though attended with great exertion and no little dan- ger, he accomplished the feat, returning with an_armful of pears, which he immediately Qistributed among his school mates. When asked why he did not keep some for him- self, he replied that “he did not care for them, he only did it because the others were afraid.” The same year he was sent to sea and two years later folned an Arotic expedi- tion. ~ One morning when their. vessel was frozen in Oft the ooast of Greenland, Nelson persuaded two sailors to steal out and Kill a polar bear that had been prowling about. When the bear was attacked it became very combative and the sailors beat a hasty re- treat, leaving Nelson to follow. Instead of doing so, however, he kept on fighting and would certainly have been killed, had not the ice on which he was standing broken off and floated away. Leaving the ship was forbidden and he was accordingly repri- manded severely. But from that time he was rapidly promoted “Never give up’ seemed to be his motto Soon after being appolnted captain he was sent to Naples with dispatches to’Sir Wil- liam Hamilton, the English ambassador. Though Nelson was as yet little known, Sie Willam _divining his ability, “told his wife that he would bring home to dinner a man who would #ome -day be the most famous man, g England. But a few months and Sir William Hamil- ton's predictiofls were realized, On the st ot Juty, 1798, jNapoleon Bonaparte, intent on conquering Burope, landed 60,000 French veterans at Alexandria, Egypt, Nelson with the Bnglish fleéh pursued him, and on the 1st of August at 10 & .m. sighted the port and -distingudihed the tri-colored flag of France. Nelson, who for three days had hardly eaten or siept, now ordered dinner. It was on aslsing-from that meal that he made the since famous remark, saying, ““Gentlemen, by this time tomorrow I shali have gained a peerage or Westminster Abbey.” Al the captains were now called together to decide on the method of attack. Captain Berr{, {gfijhusiastic over the plan adopted, erl . “It we succeed, what will_the wo 4 “There is Jno JIf' In the case,”" replied Nelson. We shall suoceed is certaiu; who may live to tell the story is a very dfferent question.” At 6:30 p. m. the battle began. Nelson had colors flying from six different parts of the rigging, so they way. The French began but the English were & the sails close to the masts and soakidg them with watéer. When ey got within 4 sbort distance of the g:-cnch. the thirtpen Bnglish vessels opened a terrific broadside and in thirty minutes the battle of the Nile had been fought and won. During the confiict Nelsop was struck on the forehead by a shell. Carried to the cock- pit in & supposed dying condition, he refused to be attended until his turn came, sayin "I will take my turn with my brave fellows. When the sailors learned his wound was not fatal, many of them cried for joy, Im- mediately on seeing that the battle was over, Nelson gave orders for all the the crews to thank the Almighty for the great victory, and it is eaid that the French grenadiers with Napoleon at their head stood silently loaded | also riding | Plerre made all of his men swear a solemn oath to squeals the was no longer any | v quaint English of King | drawn up in line at Rosettl and wondered At the sudden ) in the battle. Some Famous Olowns. Among other clowns who arrived at a groat degree of proficiency in their art none were more famous than Dominico. Originally from Italy, he found his way to Paris and soon became a great favorite with Louls XIV While calling on that monarch at supper on one occasion he fixed his eyes sa intently on a dish of partridges that Louls, who was very fond of his acting, said to one of the servants: ‘Give that dish to Dominico." ‘And the partridges, too, sire? was the shrewd inquiry of the harlequin. Louls, penetrating his art, sald: “And the part- ridges, too.” The dish was of gold. The most celebrated clown of Addison's time was Delphini, also an Italian, who for two seasons had all London laughing. George the Fourth, then prince of Wales, was in the habit of attending his benefits. Once he refused to do so, and Delphini in a most ludierous manner appealed to him from the stage, saying: “Ah, Mr. Prince, you please come to my benefit. If you no come I must go live Inside your papa’s big house.” Kings' Bench in London is still known by the name of “your papa’s big house.’ AL that time the best people in London attended these performances and John Kcmble, standing behind the scenes at Drury Lane, said of Grimaldi: “That man acts as well as my sister in his way—In his way." It was the latter who, when attacked by two footpads, who struck him on the shoulders, fell down, ‘carfyink threw a somersault and disappeared in the darkness, leaving the footpads to speculate whether "1t was the devil or Joe Grimaldi they had struck. Almost every boy read of the clown at Athens who imitdted the squealing of a pig. When he was through a countryman stepped forward and volunteered to do it better. After he had given a few lusty audience declared ce inferior Lo the clown’s. Upon this the ountryman produced from his bosom a young pig, which was responsible for the last noises. But the audience, unwilling to £0 back on the clown and their own judg- ment, hissed the countryman off the stage. a M. Darwin ant His Earthworms. In one of his last essays Richard Jeffries referred with great enthusiasm to Mr. Dar- | win's book on earth worms, speaking of it as especlally valuable to the practical farmer, as well as interesting to the unscientific lover of country life and fleld learning. The book has, moreover, a larger than common measure of the peculiar charm that characterizes all Mr, Darwin's literary work, the charm of homely industry and fascinating research delightfully recorded The introduction speaks of the thin layer of mold on the earth’s surface, the “dirt,” commonly supposed to be much'deeper than it Is, as being constantly altered and added to by the action of earth worms. Astonish- Ing statistics are given concerning the num- ber of them to a square foot in common soil and the amount, of earth thrown to the sur- face- in a year by *‘castings.” One is already Interestéd and then ready to offer respect to the worm, when it is further shown that earth worms possess important ‘mental qualities." A diagram worm s giv with the psycl showing the structure of the but the book deals rather ology than with the anatomy of earthworms. The series of experiments tecorded demonstrating that earth worms have power of attention, discrimination and soclal instincts, is delightf for not only does one- spe Darwin at home with the flower pot, containing 'thé. worms, at ' his elbow for ‘daily consideration, month after month, but one becomes personally interested in the earth worms as a colony. It Is possible to feel sorry when one of them ties. Fat, squirming earth worms brought, to the surface by a chance spadeful of sofl in the garden seem to be there by chance, mere in-carth dwellers. But Darwin began his work among them by regarding each as an individual of well developed intelligence and inhabiting a carefully made house of his own; an individual with whims and fangies, even. The experiments which were to.test! the carth worm's mental capacities were for the most part very simple and homely; all the liousehold taking part. It is amusing to follow Mr. Darwin up and down the garden walks with his ‘lantern, erhaps craywling cautionsly on his hands and knees, surprising the eafth worm at his nightly toll—the searcher -assisted not in- frequently by “my son: And it s enter- taining to picture him with a covered lantern persgnating the moon shedding a dim light over the flower pot where the worm colony were kept to test their sensibility to light. To see if they objected to change of temperature, he drew near tenderly with the heated poker; only one of the worms “‘dashod into its burrow,” which settled the point of the degree of development of their tempera- ture sense. They were taken to the parlor to listen to the plano aud bassoon, fed with famillar and unfamiliar kinds of food and heated in all ways with the greatest care and consider- ation. To demonstrate the existence of sense of touch was less important; everyone knows how il at ease the earth worm is out of Its natural contact with common evil. But Dar- win's object was to find out what a prac- tically deaf, blind and dumb individual, such as the earth worm is, would do under un- usual conditions to make itself comfortable That worms rarely do have a choice in the matter of food and even architecture is no longer absurd, in the light of Mr. Darwin's years of long researches. But with all these facts accepted we are still unprepared to hear that an earth worm is sometimes ill It is true that with his one species of para- site he Is very low in the scale compared with man, exalted by his several dozen species. But it s a fact that his one parasite can cause the earth worm so much discomfort that he crawls away from his cherished home to die by the wayside in great despair. There i Darwin's hearty assurance to com- fort us that the worm really suffers le however, than his action would imply, ey LAROR NOTES. The actors organized.a protective assocla- tion In Boston recently. Single taxers are said to have captured the popullst machinery in New York. The miners of Illinois are endeavoring to found a home for sick and disabled mem- bers. . In Austraila there is a vigorous agita- tion going on against sweating in the shoe trade. The Hoosler Blade's co-operative colony will be located on 20 acres of land oppo- site Handsboro, Miss. The Coming Nation has finally been turned over to all the co-operators in the Ruskin colony in Tennessee. Amalgamated Association of Street Rail- way Employes adopted A. F. of L. platform, including the tenth plank. The Cincinnati Labor exchange secures ém- ployment for mechanics in exchange for pro- visions, -groceries ‘and clothing. Cincinnati Labor union will gather sta- tistics on the number of unemployed in vari- ous trades and rate of wages paid. At Indlanapolis an American Rallway union striker has sued the Pennsylvania railroad for $15,000 for unlawful arrest. Mrs. T. J. Morgan and others are endeayor- ing to organize a central body, composed of the women's unfons in Chicago. John Burns says the day of strikes Is nearly over, and that. trades unions have taught workers the sclence of governing. It Is expected that the British trades unions will send a delegate to the Denver convention of the American Federation of Labor. Samuel Gompers s authority for the state- ment that the membership of trades unions has Increased 100,000 since the Pullman strike, The Mollenhauer sugar refinery at lyn, N. Y., will shortly close down indefinite time, throwing 1,800 men employment, Men at Ridgely, TL, are asked to Brook- for an out of slgn a thent along, | his perform- | contract providing that the price for mining coal shall be 40 cents per gross ton until August 25, 1895, The Peoria (Ill) Steel and Iron company has gone Into the hands of a recelver. Thi liabilities are $202,636, and the assets about the samo amount Maryland Single Tax assoclation b organized. The Falrmount (Ipd) Glass company, | manufacturers of miscellaneons wares, wili start Its factory some time this week. About 100 men will be employed at the start | Bugene V. Debs has resigned as editor ot the Firemen's Magazine. All of the A, R U. officlals are taking the fleld to renew the organization of railway employes. been ondinary e uvenator 1s he most | wondercul discovery of the aze, It hs been on. | dorsed by the leadingscien. tific men of | Xurope aud | Ameriea. JHudyan i purely vego hlm’ o Hudyin stops Prematuiensss of the dis- chargo in % days. Cures I3 sation «, Nerv. ous twitehing of the eyes and other s, Strengthens, inyigorates and tones the en‘irekystem, Hudram curcs Debility, Nervonsnest, kmissions, anddevoloyx s and, restores weak organs. Paias i the back, lossca by day or 08T MANHOOD nightstopped Quickly, Over 2,000 private iDQorsements. Predutureness means impotency in the frs ftage. It is & Symptom of seminal weakness and burrenness. It can be cured in 20 days by the use of Hudy The new discovery was made by the speciallsts of the old famous Hudson Medical Institute. It i8 the strongest vitallzer made, It ry powers ful, but harmless. ol clge, or #ix packages for $6.00 (plain sealed boxes). Written guarantee given for a cure. If you buy six boxes, and are mot entirely cured, six mors will he sent to you free of all charge. Send for frculars and testimoninle, Address HUDSON MEDICAL INSTITUTE Junction Stockton Market, Ellis Strects, San Francise | | | | and Cal. DOCTOR SEARLES & SEARLES hronic Nervous Private AND Special Diseases Treatmentby Mail, ~ Consultation Fres Cutarrh, all discases of the nose, Throat. Chest,Stomach, Liver, Blood Skin and Kidney diseascs, Lost —Manhood and all Private Dis= eases of Men, Call on or address, Dr. Searles & Searles, —THE RANGISCAN d DROPS . 1413 Farnam Streot Oumuba. Nob. Vegotable. Prepared from the original fo mula pre erved in the Archives of the Holy Land, hav ag an authentic history dating bac < 600 years. A POSITIVE CURE for all Stomach, Kidney and Bowel troubles, especially CHRONIC CONSTIPATION Price 50 cents. Sold Ly all druggists. The Franciscan Remedy Co., 134 VAN BUREN ST., CHIOAGO, ILL . “# for Circular and Ilustrated Calendar. BAILEY, Dentist " Paxton Block, Painless Extraction of Testh-Painless Filling GFull set teeth §5.00. Silve filllngs $1.00. Pura 0ld $2.0 0. Gold €rowns .00 per t0oth und at achment i ffracza Telephone 1085, Lady Attendant. German Spoksn. UEB DR, BAILEY'S TOOTH POWDER. ELECTION PROCLAMATION BY MAYOR Proclamation and notice to the electors legal voters of the city of Omaha. o [} Oy jelection, ot the ity o Omaha to be held on Tuesday, the Mixt day of November, 184, for th puthose o electing one oity 'clerk {o serve from the first Tuesday in January, 189, to fll unexs pired term, and one city counollman from each ward of the city; also proclamation and notice of submission to the electo and legal voters of the oity of Omahn of the question of issulng the bonds of the eity of Omaha In the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars ($6,000) to pay for the cost of paving, repaving or macadamizing the Intersections of stroets and spaces Ops posite alleys In wald city an2 to pay the cost of paving in front of real estate not subject to assessment of speclal taxes fof PAVIIK purposes To_the Elcctors and Legal Voters of the City of Omaha George . Hemls, mayor of the city of ha, do issue this, my proclamation, and itfority vested in me as such mayor, do ve public notice to the electors and s of the city of Omaha that ® ction will be held in said city on . the sixth day of November, 1584, for the purpose of electing one city clerk to serve from the first Tuesday In January, 1895, to fill unexpired term, and one counell= man from each ward of the city: also for the purpose of submitting to sald electors und legal voters the question and proposi< tion following, to-wit: “Shall bonds of the eity of Omaha in the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars (§76, 00) be issued for the purpose ot paying the cost of paving, repaving or macadamizing the Intersections of strects and the spaces opposite alleys In sald elty, or paying the cost of paving in front of reai estate not subject 1o assessment of speclal taxes for PAVINE purpcses, sald bonds to run not more than twenty (200 years, and to bear interest payable semi-annually ‘at a rate not exceed= ing five (5) per cent per annum, with cous pons attached, to be called ‘Paving Bonds,* and not to be sold for less than par, the proceeds of which shall be used for no other purpose than paying the cost of & or macadani|zing (he inte and_spaces opposite alleys In or in front of real estate not subject 1o assessment of special taxes for paving Purposes 7" The sald question and proposition shall bs submitted o said eiectors entire in - the proper form provided by las, . lots, With the words “Yes" “No,” print thereon, ANl of said ballots havink an “Of' mark following the word “Yes'" shall counted in fayor of issuing said bonds, and all of sald ballots having an “X" mark fol= lowing the word “No" shall be counted and gonsidered as against the fssuing of ~ said honds. The polls ehall be open on the day of sald election at eight o'clock in the morning and shall continue open until six o'clock In the evening of the same day, at the respectiva voting places following, to-wit: FIRST WARD. plirst District—Northeast corner 12th and *acific. Sccond District—Northwest corner 10th and Center. yihird District—Northeast corner 13th and vinton, plourin District—Northeast corner Sth and acific. Fifth District—Northeast corner 8th Hickory. Sixth District—Northwest corner $th and Bancroft. Seventh District—Northeast corner-6th and Plerce. Bighth District—Northwest corner 5th and Center. SECOND WARD. M First District—Southeast corner 16th and Leavenworth Second District—Northwest corner 19th and Masol Third Distriot—Northwest corner 20th ang Poppleton” avenue. Fourth District—Southeast corner 16th and Pierce. and Fifth District—Northeast corner 16th and Center. Sixth District—Southeast corner 17th and Willam. i Seventh District—Northwest 16th and Martha Eighth District—Northeast corner 20th and Martha. . Ninth District—Northwest corner 13th and alley. A Vienith District—Southeast carner 20th and Vinton. Eleventh District—Northeast corner 24th inton. i THIRD WARD Tirst District—Northeast corner 1th and Jaekson, Second District—Southwest corner 16th antl Harney. Third District—Northwest corner 14th and Capitol avenue. fourth District—Southeast corner 14th arfl Chteugo. § Fifth District—Northwest corner 16th Il\g corner Burt. SiXih_ District—Northeast cdrner 12th an Javkson. 2 Seventh District—Southwest corner 1ith and Douglas. Elghth District—Northwest corner 19th and Capitol avenue. ! Ninth District—Northwest corner 12th and Chicago. Tenth District—Southeast corner 9th and T FOURTH WARD i ¢ First District—Nartheas. corner 18th and Davenport. Second District—Northeast corner 22nd and Dodge. Fira District—Northeast corner %th and Pavenport. Tourth District—Northeast and Farnam. ;s Fifth District—Nosthwest corner 18th and Douglas. Sixth District—Southeast corner 18th and St. Mary's avenue. Seventh District—Northwest 18th and Leavenworth. Eighth District—South side of Harney, be- tween 20th and 24th, Ninth Districi—26th street between St. Mary’s avenue and Half-Howard, FIFTH WARD. First District—Southeast corner 16th and Manderson. Second District—Southeast corner 16th and Binney. Third Ohlo. Fourth District—Southeast corner 16th and irace. GTAfh District—Southwest corner 19th and Burdette. Sixth District—Northwest corner 19th and Charles, Seventh District—Southeast corner 18th les. and Charles: o i wARD, First District—Northwest corner 50th and Ames avenue. Second District—Southwest and Ames avenue. "Third District—Northeast corner 45th and Grant. ;‘I'll:‘ul‘lh District—Southeast corner 27th and Manderson. Fifth District—Northeast corner 24th and Spencer. Sixth District—Bouthwest corner 28th ave- nue and Corby. ‘Seventh District—Northeast corner 334 and Parker. Eighth District—] Burdette. Ninth District—Northwest corner 21th Franklin, "Penth District—Northeast corner 224 Lifeventn District—Southeast Grace. i SEVENTH WARD. First District—Southwest corner 2th and Mason. Second District—Northeast 0th avenue and Poppleton avenue. corner 25th corner District—Southeast corner 18th and corner 42nd Vortheast corner 27th and and and corner th corner hy bt il Corigl h:? e Thooriag Goueh, Sors Nunost: mall eio disconiinued; old, 60, AUARANTRRS Goodman Drug Co, Omaha. Trra EXACY SIZE THE MERCANTILE IS THE FAYORITE TEN CENT CIGAR. For sale by all First Class Dealers. PERFECT) Manufactured by the R. RICE MERCANTILE CICAR CO,, Factory No. 304, 8t. Louls, Mo, ‘Third District—North side of Center, oppo- site 4th streef. Fourth District—Northwest 29th and_Arbor. Fifih District—Northeast corner 20th and Hickory. Sixth District—Northeast corner 20th street and Poppleton avenue, BIGHTH WARD. First District—Southwest corner 24th and Hamilto Secc Caldwell, Third District—Northeast corner 26th and California. Fourth District—Northwest corner 25th avenue and l'!umll“c Fifth District—Northeast corner 2ist and Cuming. Sixth District—Southwest corner 2lst and District—Northeast California. Seventh 18th Suming. Sighth District—Southwest corner 17th and aliforn; g NINTH WARD. First District—Southwest corner 324 and Cuming. Becond District—Northwest corner §0th and Cuming. Third District—Northwest corner 40th and Farnam. Wourth District—Northwest corner 824 ave. nue and Davenvort. f; Fifth District—Northeast corner 3lst ave- nue and Farnam. Bixth District—Southwest corner 29th ave- nue and Jackson. Tn ‘Witness whereof T have hereunto set my hand s mayor of sald city of Omaha {his 17th day of October, 1594 GEO. P. BEMIS, Mayor. corner District—Northwest corner 2ith and corner Attest: JOHN T. EVANS, City Clerk. Oct1702088 Ntockholders’ Mooting. 1s hereby glven that a special of the stockholders of the uth Platte Land company will be held at the office of sald company, in Lincoln, Neb., on the 15th day of November, 189, for & 80 of considering and acting upon thie imatter of extending or resewing tbo aryi- cles Incorpor: comp. d By ‘order of (hie board of directors. R. 0. PHILLLPS, Becret Lincoln, Neb., Oct. 16, o1 Notice meeti;