Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, October 14, 1894, Page 11

« TITE OMAIA D xprx 2 S ’ ATLY BEE F\.>< SUNDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1894, A A A DO YOU INVEST? CULTIVATED FARM (AN BE BOUGHT 1IN s AINNSAS OR NEB SRR AR R RIS 6 S e cnin il i - Along the lines of the Union Pacific System today to better advantage than in any other States in the Union. Good farm lands produce the quickest and largest returns on a revival of prosperous times. NOW IS THE TIME TO BUY. PACIFIC, ASE A These Improved Acres Will Never Again Be as Low in Price. e HOMES FOR MILLIONS, = In the Great Golden Grain Belt of Kansas and the Fertile Never- Failing Valleys of Nebraska. THIS IS THE SOIL THAT FEEDS ONE-FOURTH OF THE NATION. The Union Pacific has for sale 730.000 acres of Land in XKansas and 250,000 acres in Nebraska, from $2.50 to $10 per acre, on Ten Years’ E. L. LOMAX, Gen’l Pass, and Ticket Agent e Time for purchasers of Virgin Soil. SEE YOUR NEAREST UNION PACIFIC AGENT, OR ADDRESS B. A. McALLISTER. X 200 XRER XX J@‘%:{\i’f‘ xk"h’f )("‘vv‘(a(z g PROFlT SHARING IN FRANCE How a Declining Institution Was Revived by Introduction of ThisSystem. JOYFUL RECEPTION OF FIRST DIVIDENDS Better Work and Happler Faces—One-T) of the Profits Goes to the Workers as a Share in the Capital—Ultimately to Become Co-Operative. (Copyrighted, 1891.) PARIS, Oct. 4.—Among the interesting slghts of Paris, though not of the kind most frequently seen by strangers, are the so- called “Ateliers Socialistes,” more correctly described as the organization (for they in- clude very much besides the mere work 4 rooms) of profit-sharing firms. Some of the great ones—the Baille-Lemaire establishment, for instance, and the soclety of the Vieille- Montague at Levallois—have been so much written about that they are already well known in the United States. What are not known, however, are the many small enter- prises which, from an educational point of view, are scarcely less Important than the others, and which seem to me even more in- toresting, because in them their individual employers are endeavoring—sometimes with remarkable success—to apply the system to & varlety of Industries, and on a scale that 1s not beyond the reach of the average manu facturer, Among these less conspicuous enterprises there is one that possesses a pecullar in- terest. It is the Atelier de Broderies of M Nayrolles, 8o far as I know the only estab- lishment on the continent in which the prin- ciple of profit-sharing is faithfully and gen- erously carried out among a personnel com- posed exclusively of women. Moreover, the history of the undertaking is striking, and the results thus far have been most satis- factory, For several years previous to 1866 M. Na rolles was connected with a manufacturing company of Roubalx, and supeiintended its Paris house, to which all silk and woolen fabrics were sent to be stamped and other- wise finished. At one time he had succeeded in developing a special branch of the busi- ness—the production of an embroidery in Wwhich the applique designs (chiefly in plush and velvet) were outlined with a silver or gold thread—sometimes with a number of threads—the effect being either to emphasize or to soften the design by a skiliful use of the two metals. However, after having as- sumed extraordinary proportions in 1883 and 1884, this branch of the industry languished as suddenly as it had grown up, so that not he Paris house only, but the manufactory | at Boubaix was threatened with disaster. In the opinion of the manager the falling off in orders was a direct and necessary conse quence of the manner in which the emn- brolderies were produced, for these em- broideries being always designed by the same foreman and executed by workmen whose sole interest lay in finishing each plece as speedily as possible, could scarcely fail to be come monotonous and unsalable. With the consent of the firm, therefore, he underfook to organize a factory according to his own | ideas, two conditions—as he belleved—being | essentlal to success: First, a constant im provement in the work, including both the designs and the execution of them, and, | second, the greatest possible interest on the | part of the workers. THE NEW FACTORY, The factory was forthwith opened In a favorable situation, and M. Noyrolles chose | his employes with the utmost care. They | were young girls who lived with their par- | ents, who had a sufficient knowledge of the | work to carry out his orders, but who, as he | thought, were not too much set in their ways | to take hold with alacrity on new methods | coquettes—and hair arranged as carefully for and projects. la the presence of thelr par- ents he promised them wages equal to those they had been recelving, and, In addition, one-fourth of the profits, but he made it quite plain, at the same time, that the suc- cess of the enterprise would depend chiefly upon the excellence of their work, and upon the degree of economy with which they should manage both thelr time and the ma- | terials furnished them. The factory was opened toward the close of 1886, and, as it was of the utmost conse- quence to attract attention by something fresh in the style of the embrolderies, M. Nayrolles immediately organized a concours for his employes. Instead of making use of a single shade of gold or silver thread he directed five or six shades to be tried, all the workers being required to experiment on the same design, prepared for them by a| skillful artist, in order to produce the great- est variety of effects. The first attempts were most discouraging, the young women, never having attempted to do anything of the kind, had no confidence in themselves, and needed to be taught the first principles of the art of blending colors However, a slight improvement was soon perceptible; the varied character of the em- broldery gave greater satisfaction than the former stereotyped one. Orders began to come in once more, and M. Nayrolles was soon obliged to employ additional machines and to increase the number of his work women from eight to cighteen. THE JOY OF THE FIRST DIVIDEND. It was evident that a certain stimulus had been given, which needed only to be in- creased judiclously and rendered permanent. And yet the manager was not satisfied with {he result of his experiment. His employes, industrious and conscientious as they were, seemed still to lack something—the ‘“few sacre,” as he called it—and he fancied that they only half believed his promise concern- ing the profits. As, therefore, his inten- tion was to undertake more and more diffi- cult work, he determined at the end of the first six months to make a formal division of the profits in cash, and to see whether the effect would not be to produce exactly the kind of enthusiasm that he desired. In July, 1887, this first division was made. The elght young women who had been em- ployed during the whole of the half year re- celved sums varying from $19 to $44; others had earned as much as §16, and there was no one who had less than $2. “You should have seen their faces.” said M. Nayrolles, “when I put the gold intc their hands. Several laughed and cried at the same moment. ‘My child,’ 1 sald to on of the youngest, ‘why do you weep? ‘It is for joy, monsieur,’ was the answer. ‘W nevor have had so much money at home (This young girl, who was scarcely 16 at the time, and who was endeavoring to support her mother and several little sisters, is now one of the most valued members of the estab- lishment.) And from that day to this has been a model one in Every person employed in it do her best the factory every respect is striving to but there Is no jealousy or ill feeling of any kind, for the reason that it is the public that judges the work, which approves a certain design or style, and or ders that one rather than another. More than once it has been necessary to enlarge the premises; there are now three work rooms, with between thirty and forty machines, the embroidery has grown into something really artistic, scarcely recogni zable by those who remember only its crude beginnings (150 shades of metal thread are now used in it), and when the last division of profits was made—for the year 1893— 5,000 francs (§1,000) were distributed among thirty-one employes. This makes a total of 44,190 franes (§9,938) reliaquished by M Nayrolles to his work people since 1887 INSIDE OF THE FACTORY. I found M. Nayrolles a most courteous host and his work rooms even mors attrac tive than they had been described to me. They are well lghted, well ventilated serupulously clean and large enough for all the machines, tabl, ete., that are needed And as for the young women, it is quite true that one must go to Paris to see toilettes 50 daiuty in their simpliclty—pour un rein the atelier as for a ball. M. Nayrolles has reason o be proud, also, of the manners of his employes. Scarcely a head was raised as | passed through the rooms, the women belng o intent upon their work that they were hardly consclous of the presence of a stranger. There were some beautiful pleces of em- broidery visible that day, a number of them belug orders from London avd New York. T noticed, too, a very original frame designed specially for the German emperor, and a set of really artistic hangings destined for one of the recently refurnished apartments in the Elysee—for both the late President and Mme. Carnot were among M. Nayrolles' enthusi- astic supporters. An intcresting feature of the establish ment is the women's dining room, which, being at the rear of the house, is nearly as quiet as if there were no machinery in the building. Here are long tables and a number of gas stoves (in the winter there is fire in the fourneau), upon which the ouvrieres heal the food that they have brought from thelr homes. The room is absolutely simple, even bare, in its appointments, but fresh and perfectly clan. It Is 5o easy, in an enter prise of this kind, to err on the side of in dulgence; but the French, beside an in- stinctive sense of the fitness of things, have a good deal of practical wisdom in their philanthropic and social undertak- ings. THE METHOD OF DIVISION I come now to the changes lately (18 troduced into the sys First of all, the workwomen receive one-third, instead of one- fourth, of the profits. Secondly, the In- ventory is made with the help of two of them (elected for that purpose by their fellow workers), and lastly, they have the right to turn back their dividends into the treasury of the company, where it becomes a3 so much capltal to their credit. Thus, if the future of tha Maison Nay- rolles fs In any sense to redeem the promise of the present, the time will come, and at no distant day, when the workwomen will own the business, and when they will con- stitute a society of veritable co-operative production—one, moreover, which on account of the economical and industrial training of its members, will be almost sure to succeed 1t will probably be said that this study of an “Atelier Socialiste” exhibits the system of profit-sharing under a much too favorable light. Nevertheless, it is the simple histary of an enterprise which, growing out of an honest man's endeavor to be faithful to his employes and just to his work péople, has reached—and now for soven years has main- tajned—a very fair measure of prosperity, while at the same time it has introduced comfort and content into nearly every ho with which It has been brought in contaét Surely, such results must win for the ex- perinient the attention of many earn practical men. PELLEGRINA. s Locating a Kansas Man. Cleveland Plain Dealer: “Seems to me 1 ought to know you,” said the Ohio man to Judge Ready of Kansas. cren’t you a candidate for judge on the republican ticket when I was through here three years ago?' Judge Ready— Why, that was fou “Are you certain?" “Know it. Th cratic candidate for sheriff.” “Yes, I had hear of you rumning for sheriff, but supposed that was two years—— “No, year before last I was candidate for congress on the Farmers alliance ticke I heard of your but somehow I got it was last year—-" t year I was prohibition candi date for coroner. till in polities Well, a little. Ohio Man- “No urely, I— years ago." years ago 1 was demo- nning the im you, judge?” This year 1 am the pop. ulist candidate for township trustee. Didn't want to run, but you know a man owes something to his country—hello, there, Sam! Like watermelon? Come, have & chunk with n . Stab, Detroit Free Press: of Thought, When you have 1ng to say don't try to say it. We can readily how other people to do right. If we improve our circumstances they will {mprove us. 1s there any one who thinks it is as easy for him to take other people's advice is for them to take his? Self-confidence Is rock bottom, Luck is the encouragement of pluck. noth see easy it is for A woman's love is as blind as it is beauti- | ful. The honest man puts the at the top of the barrel The sup can't shine through a torpid liver, The hardest worker isn't the greatest smallest apples | galner, st and | as it | IRRIGATE THE LOWER AIR Prof. William Reece Explains His Plan for Uonquering the Arid Plain, TO QUENCH THE SIMOON'S THIRST Construction of Reservoirs lu Which the v Wasted May Be Ketained to Molsten Atmosphere and oll the Solution. Water LINCOLN, Oct. 9.—(Speclal)—One of the results of the recent International Irrigation congress, held at Denver, is a report from Prof. Willlam Reece, superintendent of public schools at Falls City, to Governor Crounse. Prof. Reece was one of the Nebraska dele- gates to the congress, and was selected by his assoclates as chairman of the delegation His report to the governor is an interesting, though lengthy, plea for irrigation, and an earnest exposition of the professor's ideas. He points in the warm color of enthusiastic faith his picture of the glories that will spring from the successful adaptation of his plans to the needs of the semi-arid region of the great steppes of the west, and prophe- s for Nebraska a future so beatifically idyllic that the wildest prosperity of the present seems want and misery in com- parison. His faith in the future is based on & plan embracing all the territory north of the Gulf of Mexico, on which the annual rainfall is now so distributed as to prevent its belng of avail in the cultivation of the soll. This, backed up by the trust that man may yet accomplish wonders as great as he bas accomplished, leads to the conclusion that the conquest of the desert and its trans- formation into farms of phenomenal fertility Is but a matter of time and properly di- rected effort. Prof. Recce puts forward in great promi- nence an idea that will strike as novel many to whom the thought mever occurred, yet its plausibility becomes very apparent on reflection. It Is atmospheric irrigation on which the professor lays greatest stress. Usually when Irrigation is 'spoken of one thinks of ditches and head gates and long- handled shovels and waders, all used in sending over the parching fields a flood of refreshing water. But #rof, Reece proposes first {0 cool the atmosphere, to quench the st of the flerce simoon, 0 that it will not suck the last drops of sustaining moisture from the growing graip and waving corn. | To do this reservoirs must be estab.ished. | From Texas and New Mexico, as far north |as the limit of insufficient rainfall, he sug- | Eests the building of eservoirs, in which will be retained the watér that now runs useless to the sea. These fifpply basins may be provided by the constrdction of retaining walls across the mouthf of fraws or coulecs, of spring_and fall, aid ‘the snow fall of winter. Thus will be éstablished storage of water against the long, Hot days of the sum- mer. Across the surface of 'these basins the hot, dry wind must pass; Evaporation will charge the lower stratum of air with mois- ture, lowering its temperature, increasing its welght and retarding its movement, As the wind moves northward it crosses basin | after basin, taking up.from each a further | increase of saturation, until, when finally | the corn fields of Nebraska are reached, the withering blasts from the blazing Staked | Plain o/ Texas has become & beneflcent oreeze, bearing encouragement and succor 0 the fields that were otherwise withered under the flerce onslaught of the dry, hot wind, whose terrible thirst would consume | the sap of every growing stalk and leave the grain as it did last summer, absolutely Kiln dried. EXTERMINATE THE WILD GRASSES, | Having conquered the simoon, Prof. Reece turns his attention to the sod out how the buffalo sod, | trable, prevents the rain from soaking into wherein may be caught ‘#n#storcd the rains | yu¢ who are now without homes and with He points | union tough and impene- | even equal opportunities for higher education possibility. This sod must be plowed under. Then the water that falls on the ground may be allowed to perform its intended mission. Deep and frequent plowing is also advocated. All work of irrigation is futile, and rainfall is worthless unless the ground be kept in proper condition. 1f it be not plowed, the capillaries of the soil are opened, the surface bakes and cracks, and evaporation rapidly nsues, the moisture that should be retained passing away. If the ground be stirred by plowing, the capillaries are closed and the moisture Is retained beneath the surface. A menace constantly hanging over the farmer in the west is the prairie fire. Prof. Reece would eliminate this by tracing to its origin every fire that sweeps across the plain and thus punishing the individual who is re- sponsible for it. He properly denounces the practice of setting fire to grass for the pur- pose of cleaning the surface. It is a lazy man’s resort, he says. “Reservoir Day, the professor, should be set up alongside of Arbor Day. “If a reseryoir day should be proclaimed,” he writes, “settlers would feel encouraged, and, strengthened by unity of sentiment and action, would take new interest in the de- velopment of the country, and by joining in companies for one or more days (say in De- cember), with shovels, plows and roadscrapers thousands of reservoirs would be made in our state each year. Arbor Day started in Nebraska, and rapidly spread over the na- tion. Let Nebraska establish Reservoir day and we believe that it would soon be pro- claimed in every state and territory that contains arid lands. Every farmer with one deep well and windmill pump constantly at work can keep at least one reservoir fuil of water the entire year. Dry ground cannot be watered (except on a very small scale) direct from the well; for often in hot and dry weather the small stream of water will not get 200 feet from the well; but the dryest ditch can be flushed and’ large arcas of ground successfully watered from the reser- voir. Thousands of wind mill pumps are standing idle three-fourths of the time, and simply enough water is brought to the surface for drinking purposes, watering stock and possibly a few trees.” Wild' grasses should be exterminated and alfalfa raised instead. Alfalfa makes a good hay crop, furnishes excellent pasture, the seed brings a good price, and the growing alfalfa cools and molstens the atmosphere. DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT. Bringing in_the relations of the general government, Prof. Reece says: ‘‘Congress will undoubtedly be petitioned to repeal the dosert land law, to appoint a National Irri- gation commission, and to make an appropria- tion for the purpose of constructing large reservoirs and keeping them full of water by conducting into them a sufficient portion of the flood. waters of the Concho, Colorado- i s, Brazos, Wichita, Pease, Red, Canadian, Arkansas, Kansas, Republican, Platte, Niobrara and Missouri rivers. This disposal of the water would prevent the de- structive overflow of the lower Mississippl and obviate the necessity of spend- ing nearly $20,000,000 annually to repair embankments that will at the next overflow be washed out again. * * ¢ Our government has received millions of dollars from poor soldiers, who, after spending three or four of the best years of their lives in de fense of our country, came to western N braska and Kansas, pald tMe government fee, struggled, suffered, spent all they had, waited, worked and hoped for better times, out employment. All the time these fertile plains were lying idle because the strong arms of the general government and of the state have been folded in indifference. If the govern- ment and the states will take hold of this matter the people will take fresh courage and redouble their efforts. Thousands of good people Who were compelled to leave or starve to death will return to their claims and be- come prosperous and happy.” Pursulng the details of his plan, Prof. Reece proposes that state prisoners shall be put to work constructing reservoirs, and goes on minutely to direct how the responsibility for bullding and maintaining the irrigation plants can be subdivided from that of the general government down to townships and local district organizations. He concludes: “The appointmént of Reservoir day will set men to thinking, talking and actin Nebraska Is a good state, but only partly d veloped. If there is another state in the where young people have better or I do not know where that state is. There is of water. The more we irrigate the less we need to irrigate, and independent of all the advantages to be derived from surface water and irrigation south of us, plenty of water falls upon and passes through our State to make it one of the finest farming and fruit regions on our continent. If you think the picture is overdrawn, please file it away and mark it to be read twenty years from date. Every reformation, every advance movement in any line always meets with bitter opposi tion from those who are too sluggish to move be done,’ and of ‘overproduction’ pected from unprogressive, thoughtless and chronic grumblers, With a proper variety of vegetable and animal productions we will have nothing to fear from overproduction, for the farmer who has plenty to eat, drink and wear can be content even if some of his apples do rot for lack of market, and it corn and cottonweed trees make cheaper fuel than coal."” e LABOR NOTES. Cincinnatl shoe workers will establish a factory and store. Brewers International union adopted the A, of L. platform. There are in Chicago 298 with a membership of 100,000. The building trades of Chicago are agita- ting for a Saturday half holiday. Pennsylvania has a Blue Label league, posed of thirty cigar makers unions, The Machine Woodworkers International unfon held its convention at St. Louis. The telegraphers' strike has been satis- factorily adjusted on the Missouri Pacific. Thus far the American Federation of Labor has raised more than §700 for the *Debs Legal Defense fund. The local bakers union of St. Louis will operate a bakery to fight the American Bis- cuit company. The Vessel Unloaders union of Chicago is rejoicing over a voluntary increase of 5 cents an hour. The New York reporters and newspaper writers have again affiliated with the printers union, James Brettle, third vice president of the American Federation of Labor, has been nominated as a member of congress. The Stove mounters have recently ganized an international union, with quarters at Chicago. The city council of Holyoke, that in the future all bear the union label. The first strike In America is supposed to have taken place In the city of New York in 1803, when some sailors struck for an in- crease of wages. The members of the Amalgamated Asso- ciation of Iron and Steel workers in t western division are voting on another r duction in wages. Lord Salisbury, in a said the labor proble others, and must be zation will be endan| It is rumored in Suez Canal company has ap French government for prote property from striking laborers The demands for union wages and hours and the recognition of the Iron Moulders unfon have been granted by the proprietors of the Eagle Iron works in Brooklyn. Dr. Senner, the immigration commissioner of New Yoork, says contract laborers are imported by Pennsylvania mine bosses, but it {s next to impossible to catch them, A strike was begun at the Oliver and Lone Jack mines at Duluth, Minn., the men de manding an advance of 86 cents. Their em ployers will grant a concession of only 25 cents. The operatives in the carpet mills at Low- ell, Mass., have received the 10 per cent advance of thelr wages which was prom- ised them by the manufacturers before the tariff question had been settled. ey The territorial fair held at Albuquerque, N. M., awarded the Cochiti Mining district first prize on gold and silver ores, The Bland Tunnel company of Bland, N. M., procured the ore from the leading claims in Pino and Cotto canon, such as the Washington, Last Chance, No. 2, Lone Star, Tom King, Crown Point, Albemarle, Good Hope, Hopewell, Union and Hat clalms, with photographs of labor unions, com- or- head- Mass., voted city printing must speech in Londoy overshadows settled soon, or civili- cred. airo, that to of the the its ZYyDt, lied tion ‘u.u ground, thus rendering saturation an im- | absolutely no question about the numglen«,yllhuu mines and maps of the district, or to get out of the way. The cry of ‘It can't | may be ex | THE IDEAL POPULAR LEADER. Willlam Watson in the Spectator, He is one who counts no public toll 80 ha As idly glittering pleasures; one controll By no mob's haste, nor swiyed by §ods o Prizitig, tot courting, all just men's regard; With lluns] but Manhood's ancient Order starred, Nor crowried with titles less august and old Than human greatness; limpid-souled; Whom dreams can hurry retard, Born, nurtired of the People; living still The People's life, and though their noblest flower, In naught removed alone In loftier virtue, wisdom, courage, The ampler visfon, the serener will, And the fixed mind, to no light dallyings prone. large-brained, not, nor doubts above them, save power, —— CONNURIALITIES. Do you think your father would object to my marryiug you? She—I don’t know. It he's anything like me he would. At a recent wedding in Mokane, Mo., the groom's name was Abraham Lincoln Strick- land and that of the officlating clergyman was Jefterson Davis Greer. “Joblot's wife was three years older than he when they married.” “Well, isn't she still three years older?’ “No, indeed. Heo 15 35 now, and she is 28. No matter how inexperienced a housekeeper the young bride is, she never goes to the bakeshop to try to buy some sweetbreads more than once in her career. A married couple in Sawdda, Japan, ac- cording to a native paper—the father 133 years old and the mother 135—have a family of fourteen, Including a son aged 106 and & daughter 108. The Japanese are taking on a few of the wild and woolly characteristics of western clvilization ‘‘So your sister is married?' “Yes, and she did very well—splendidly. You have heard of the duke of Westminster?” *“Oh, Did she marry into that family?’ yes; 80 to speak. She married & of the duke of Westminster's chief He's the driver of a bus.” James Kelly, a young sculptor whose statu ve glven him a name, Is a member of the Seneca tribe. His Indian cognomen Ganisquaw, meaning a pale face without wife, but, as it is announced that he is about to have a young lady change her name for his, n\;'- Senecas will have to glve him another, also. Well, nephew 00k, The marriage of Miss Belle Sperry of Sap Francisco to Prince Andre Poniatowski, & descendant of a king of Poland in Passy, rance, Is Interesting because it shows what a man can do if he is patient and persevering, The prince 8 a young man wnose sole fors tune is his descent. He is poor, but he has had a king for an ancestor. When a French bride marries she does not ssume the hymeneal white satin, as is our ustom, it her family or her husband's are in mourning, but goes to the altar in simple white muslin, as M. Ernest Carnot's bride did a few weeks ago. Though in view of the late president’s tragic death it seemed somes what soon for the wedding, Mme. Carnot her~ selt wished that it should take place, as It accordingly did, but with so much privacy that not even a single relative, except those immediately connected with the young people, were informed, The bride's family wore cos~ tumes of pale gray and violet, while the Care not ladies were, of course, In deepest mourns ing. The bridegroom's mother appeared deeply moved during the service, and an air of silence and sadness hung over the bridal. Mile, Chirls was an especial favorite with the late M. Carnot and is extremely pretty, She had no ornaments, except a bouquev of white roses, with some fastened into her simple dress. The Lady Chapal of 8t. Plerre de Passy, in which the marrlage took plaoce, was adorned with similar flowers, but there were none in any part of the chureh, i Gold-bearing veins assaylng from $180 to $1,000 a ton have recently been discovered in eastern Nevada on Sheep mountain, at the lower end of Pahranagat county. There is & rush from Ferguson district and ether points to the new strike. Even the ranchers of Pahranagat have caught the gold fever and are “mounting In hot haste” and heading ilhelr mustangs for Sheep mountalu,