Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 1, 1894, Page 17

N L) 1 - ¥ N B - - M 4 i LS BRI 1, 3;»;L"~-; s OMAHA SUN DAY AN EE. 3 3 v Fy : ESTABLISHED JUNE 19, 1871, OMAHA, § DAY G, JULY 1 MOR 24 —1W TY & TALK WITH LI HUNG CHANG ‘Mow “The Biemerck of Chiva” Looks, Acts | % and Talks, LASTING FRIENDSHIP FOR GENERAL GRANT ] ‘ Bxpresses an Opinion of the New Treaty | with Amorica-A Word About the Future of China—Inside Stories of the Great Viceroy. o k G, yright 1804 by T Carpenter.) TIEN-TSIN, China, June 10.—(Speclal Forrmpnmll-nro of The Bee)—I have just ‘eturned from the palace of the greatest @an in China. I refer to LI Hung Chang. He ‘is- the premier of the Chinese govern- ment, the viceroy of the lnperial province of Chili, and the power behind the throne Which governs the fate of nearly 600,000,000 of people. In his own province he most supreme control of a population than half as large as that of the whole United States, and here a wink of his eye ca1 cut oft a head. He has more power than any ruler in Europe, with, perhaps, the single exception of the czar, and he is almost the sole representative of the government in ita dealings with foreign nations. He has control of the Chinese navy. His army Is by all odds the best in the empire and he has at his beck 10,000 more troops than the standing army of the United States. These troops have been trained by Buropean mili- tary officers. They are armed with the has al- more latest of modern guns and they know no master but Li Hung Chang. They are, in fact, practically his slav and when an officer of the army disobeys his orders or makes a false move he is called to the palace and asked to explain. When he can- not the viceroy sometimes grows very angry and there are instances, I am told, in Which lie boots the knceling official clear out of the yamen. LI Hung Chang Is the most progressive Chipaman of today. General Grant spent gome time with him here during his tour of the world and the two talked over the future of China together. They discussed military and eivil matters, and General Grant sald he considered L1 Hung Clang one of the greatest statesmen of the age. He called him the Bismarck of China and was wont to compare him with Gladstone. Tie two men fell in love with each other and they corresponded to the day of General Grant's death. Now, on every Decoration day, the Chinese legation at Washington sends, by the orders of Li, flowers to piace on General Grant's grave, and during my talk with the viceroy he was very solici- tous as to the health of Mrs. Grant. The two men had a great deal in common. Their carcers were somewhat similar. Li was the son of a great scholar in the province of Anhul. His father was, how- ever, poor, and he had no official rank. Li was given a good Chinese education and he soon jumped to the front as one of the great scholars of China. He passed three public examinations, which means that he was three times one of the 200 successful men out of the 15,000 competitors, and at his last examination he took the highest degree of the whole 15,000. He is a member of the Hanlin college, the most learned body of China, and he had a great deal to do in the education of the emperor. His scholarship gave him the position of military secretary o General Teeng Kuo Fan, one of China’s most famous statesmen of the past, and from here he rose to the governorship of the state of Klangsl. ‘WON HIS SPURS. He was acting as such during the Tal Ping rebellion, and it was he who, in connec- tlon with the American adventurer, Ward, and Chinese Gordon, put down fhis re- belliol Li Hung Chang was the com- mander-in-chief of the imperlal forces, and the rebels were slaughtered by the miliions. It Is estimated that 10,000,000 cople were Killed during this rebellion, and when it was over Li's fortune was made. This was away back in the '50s, and Li Hung Chang has since then been the leading figure in Chinese history. He rose from his govern- orship to be viceroy of Wuchang, and as guch controlled millions of people in central China, He was next made the viceroy of this, the Imperial proviuce. His capital here Is one of the biggest cities of China, end it contains more than a million people. It Is-thecenter of the northern trade of the empire, and Li has control of everything that comes into North China. This trade amounts to many millions of dollars a year. Bomething like $3,000,000 in revenues pass through Li's hands, and he spends vast sums In all sorts of ways. No one knows how much he is worth. Some reports put him high in the tens of millions, while others gay he is ccmparatively poor. There is no doubt, however, but that he has a vast in stome, and his investments include steamship companies, cotton factorles, gold and silver railroad enterprises’ and real estate, He 'is a pure Chinaman, but he has adopted many modern methods, He man- ages his great official force much like one of our western executives, and he has a staff of interpreters who keep him posted on what is going on over the world, He subscribes to the clipping bureaus, and everything that is printed In Europe or ‘America concerning China Is sent here and translated for him. He has control of the Chines telegraph system, and it was he who fntroduced the electric wire into China. From his capital run now more than 8,000 miles of wire, connecting him with the G- peror and with the governors of all the provinces, and he has the news of all the world cabled to him daily. Last night a dispatch came which created a great exclte- ment among the people here. It was that the president of the United States was dead. The consuls were all expecting telegrams corroborating it, and a dispatch was sent to Peking stating the fact to the American le- gation there. ‘Late in the evening, however, the message was repeated, and it was found that it was the president of Peru, which country has a Chinese name much like that used for the United States, who had died instead of President Cleveland. Li had the news of the Chinese treaty with America cabled him before the Ameri- can consul or our minister knew anything about it, and during my talk with him I was surprised to find that he was well up in all news matters connected with the United States. THE RIDE TO THE PALACE. But let me describe the interview I had with this great statesman in his pala here today. It was a d for me through our consul to Tien Mr. Sherldan P. Reade, and the secretary of the Chinese navy, Hon. Lo Feng Luh. This last man the Dan Lamont of Earl Li. He is the rivate secretacy and confidential emissary n all matters connected with foreigners. He speaks English and French perfectly, nd Is well posted on English and French literature. It was he who acted as my In- terpreter with the viceroy, and it was he who notified me that his excellency, the vicoroy, would receive me half-past 4 this afterncon. 1 rode to palace In state in a box like a chair with at the covered finest of blue cloth and linings of light blue tin. This was swung between two poles, each twenty feet long. and was carried by four Chinamen in a livery of blue and red cotton. They wore high black caps with turned up brims and on the top of each cap there was a tassel of silk of the gaudiest red, 1In front of me marched the Ting-Chi of our legation, who was also gorgeously dressed, and he on horschack cleared the streets for us It is about four miles from my hotel fo the palace and the route |es through the busiest part of one of the Duslest citles of China. Leaving the hotel we went past mountalns of merchandise | stored in bags and lying on wharves along the Pel-Ho and cut our way through the narrow streta of Tien-Tsin. We grazed chalrs with mandarins, who, with their ret- inues and bands pompously pushed their way alorg. We stepped . over ragged beg- gars lying on the streets clad only in coffee acking und - oxposing thelr . self-made wounds to our disgusted eyes. We passed hundreds, T might say thousands, of Chinese stores and workshops of all descriptions and going through wall after wall and gate after Igate, crosring great bridges, which closed to let us go over them, until at last we came to a big one-story building, the front gate of the wall whicl surrounds the hundred odd louses which make the residence of Bar) Li. These houses are of one story and they are built about courts. The first court {s guarded by soldiers and by two green wooden lions with hideous fac and beyond this there t doors on which are painted the Chinese gods of war. Hefore these my chair was set down and the Ting-Chi went in (o announce my com- ing. My Chinese card, a strip of red paper six Inches Tong and three wide bearing the Chinese characters “Kow Ping Tel’” (Car- penter) and meaning, I was told by the inan Who wrote the card for me, ‘“‘cnergetie, bright, brilliant and a moment to enter., INTE was carried into the yamen ater an official motioned me RVIEW WITH THE VICEROY. first led into two reception rooms s glven a seat in the more honored one of the two, the place reserved for Chinese mandaring of high rank. It was rather ragged for a palace and for the ruler 1 and w of such a vast people. It was, I judge, thirty feet square, and twelve feet from floor to ceiling. Around the wall ran a divan three feet wide, and so high that when I sat down upon it my toes just touched the floor. This divan was covered with the cheapest of red cotton cushions, each of which was about an inch in thickness and about three feet square. Above these against the wall there was a strip of Japa- nese red and blue flowered goods, perhaps a yard wide, and from the ledge of the an hung down a Turkey red cotton cur- tain a foot and a half long. There was no carpet on the floor, and the paper on the walls cost, I venture, § cents a roll. The whole outfit of the reception room could be knocked up in America for $25, and there s nothing ostentatious about it. The call- ers, however, made up in the gorgeousness of their costumes for the lack of splendor in their surroundings. There were mandar- ins in furs which must have cost hundreds of taels. There were officials in the finest of silks, wearing the costliest of jewels, and a moment after I arrived a servant brought in two cups of tea of a variety too precious to be exported to the United States. This tea was placed upon a little table which rested upon the divan, and it had not had a chance to cool before the secretary of the navy entered. He was clad in dark silks lined with the finest of fur, such as our belles uge for the lining of their opera cloaks, and he had on his head a cap with a button of rank. He chatted with me as we sipped our tea, making a loud noise with our mouths in doing so, according to Chinese etiquette, and the conversation ranged from politics to photography, the naval secretary being much interested In stereopticons and wanting to know the best American makes. After a time the word came that the viceroy was ready to receive us, We rose and walked out behind a gorgeous but somber ofiicial, who held my red card high up In the air before him and strutted like a drum major. We passed through hall after hall, going by lackeys who saluted us like so many automatons as we went. We walked through long corridors running around open courts and at last came into a large parlor furnished in half Chineso half European style. Here near a_Japenese screen by a table stood a tall old man to whom the secretary of the navy bowed low as he introduced me. Tt was Li Hung Chang, the great viceroy of China. His per- sonality impressed me even more foreibly today than when I met him in that same room five years ago. He is now 74 years of age, but he stands firmly andi his long gown, which reaches to his feet, makes him look ltke a giant. He Is in fact six feet two inches in his stockings, and the thick soles of his Chinese shoes add another inch to his stature. He has a slight stoop. His shoulders are broad and in his prime he must have possessed great muscular power. Ho is by no means an old looking man to- day. There are few wrinkles in his cream- colored face, and his straggling beard is black mixed with silver. His eyes are black, bright and piercing and the eyelids are of the pronounced almond shape. He has high cheek bones and a full forehead. His cheeks are rosy, partially due to his health and partly due to the application of electricity, which they receive daily to cure him from ti® faclal paralysis from which he for a long time suffered. His black cue is mixed with gray and his head when I met him today was crowned with a black satin Chinese cap, in the front of which glittered a solitaire_diamond as big as the end of your thumb. , Li Hung Chang has a slender but power- ful hand. ~ His fingers are long and thin and on one of them I noticed a magnificent ring of diamonds and opals. His costume was, in fact, a gorgeous and costly one. His gown was of the finest yellow satin, and his coat, which covered his body to his thighs, was of rich seal brown veivet, tened with buttons of gold, His trousers were aiso of wadded satin and they were tied with satin strings about the ankles above his black satin boots. The stories I had heard of his kicking nis officers made me regard these with interest. 1 had no fear that he would try them on me, but I noted their white soles were two inches thick, and that they might easily break a leg if vigorously applied. SIMPLE HABITS OF LIFE. Li Hung Chang recelved me with a stately bow, slightly bending his body, but not offer- in his hand. He then motioned me to follow him and conducted me into the second par- lor, where he received visitors of state, Here he seated himself at the head of a long tablo and placed me on the left, which is the Chinese seat of honor. The secretary of the navy sat on the right and acted as his interpreter. The American consul laughed at me when I told him I expected to get an interview out of the viceroy. He said the viceroy would do the interviewing and that I would be the subject. I found it even o, but between the questions I man- aged to interfect enough of my own to get a deal of information concerning himself and his country. The talk commenced with his asking we how old I was. I told him and thereupon said that I hoped that if T lived to be 74 1 would look as healthy and be able to work as hard at that age as he did. I said to him that he looked no older than he did when I was here five years ago, and asked him what was the secret whereby he was able to retained his wonderful youth. As this was translated to him the viceroy's eye brightened. I could see the remark pleased him and he replied: “You are right when you think I have good health. I do a great deal of work and I expect to do a great deal in the years to come. In your country people say that a man should divide his day into three parts. Eight hours should be devoted to sleep, eight to out of door ex- ercise and elght to work. 1 sleep only five hours a 1 work about twelve hours and I take a regular amount of exercise every day. 1 think my health is largely due to my temperance and to the regularity of my habits. 1 do everything by rule and I plan my work systematically. 1 don't worry and I sleep well. I required elght hours sleep until I was 30 years of age, but now I find that five are sufficient for me. I do not ex cige in the open air, but take a walk within the yamen every day and limit myself to a certain number of steps.”” Here Mr. Lo, the interpreter, added: “His excellency takes 5,000 steps in the way of exercising daily and he finds this exercise Jeeps his muscles in good condition.” 1 hear otherwheres that he does not like to go out of his palace be- cause of the pomp which must always attend him. He is as much of a curlosity to the people as the president of the United States is in one of our country towns. The people of Tien-Tsin look upon him with as much awe as they do the emperor, and when he tried the other day to take a quis walk the crowds blocked his way and he had to re- turn. Now whenever he goes out he has to take & large body guard of soldiers with him and he rides in a BOINg in front to clear the way. chair with officials I asked as to his diet. The .question was repeated to him and his answer, as trans- lated, was: “I belleve that man ghould be very careful of his eating, and I never over- load my stomach. 1 know by experience what agrees with me, and 1 take nothing also. The foreign doctors tell me 1 ought to eat more heavy meats, but I find that a mixed Chinese and ropean diet suits me best. I belleve In eating plenty of vegeta- bles. I think well of beef juice and eat congiderable of it. I do not drink much Wine and think man Is just as well off without it."” BETTER THAN NOTHING. The conversation here turned to matters, and after referring to the treat- ment of the Chinese in the United States the viceroy spoke rather sarcastically of the treaty which has lately been concluded be- tween the two countries. Sald he, in re- sponse to my question as to how he liked it: “I do not think it gives China all that she should have, but a poor treaty is better than no treaty. As it was we had practi- cally nothing. Now we have something, and something is always better than nothing.” I referred to the future of China, and asked the viceroy whether he thought the country would be developed by Buropeans or by the Chinese. He replied that there would undoubtedly be a great development and that railroads would cover China as with a net. He believes that it will eventu- ally do all its own manufacturing and that in the future it will enter the markets of the world as a great manufacturing nation. Already, he told me, the statesmen of the empire are making experiments of all kinds in this line, and their cotton factories are today among the largest of the world, and other vast works are planned. He gave me to understand, though he did not use these words, that the motto of China from now on would be “China for the Chinese,” and intimated that the Chinaman could hold his own against the world as a worker and manufacturer. He was very gracious in his treatment of me, and the interview lasted for nearly an hour. It was closed by the bringing in of three gla of champagne, other after the sipping of which the viceroy walked with myself and Mr. Lo Feng Luh out to the outer door of the yamen and shook my hand in American fashion as he sald good bve. HOW THE VICEROY WORKS. From further inquiries I learned something more of the habits of this wonderful man. He is, you know, the Gladstone of the Orient —the grand old man of almond-eyed human- ity. He does as much work as Gladstone, and at more than three score and ten he is intellectua'ly and physica'ly sound. He works all day and lies down at night and sleeps like a baby. He rises very early, and his first meal is taken at 7 a. m. This consists of birds' nest soup, rice congee or rice soup, and & cup of coffee without milk or sugar. He adds to this one or two grains of quinine and takes these at the close of the meal. After breakfast he goes at once to work. His office is next to his bedroom. He finds about a bushel of dispatches from all over the empire and the world on his table as he comes in. He glances over tnese rapidly, telling his secretaries how they should be disposed of. Sometimes he jots down a note in Chinese characters upon them, indicating the action to be taken in regard to them, and at others calls in the men who have charge of the departments to which they refer, and gives Lis orders orally. By 11 o'clock he has looked through the pile and has passed upon such others as come in. His private business now commands his attention for a time, and at 12 o'clock he is ready for his luncheon. This is a sort of Chinese dinner and it usu- ally comprises about eight courses. First, there is a soup served in a little bowl. Next, some shark’s fins, which he eats with his ivory chopsticks, and following these, other Qishes of meats and vegetables, all cooked so well that they may be picked apart with the chopsticks, and so that his teeth have practically nothing to do. After dinner he goes again to his work. At 2 o'clock he takes his three electrical shocks. He is a great believer in electricity, and thinks that this treatment has saved his life. He next takes his exercise, and during the day when he wants o rest his brain he amuses himself in copying the best specimens of the Chinese characters. In other words, he writes the alphabet over and over again. The Chinese language, however, contains, all told, some- thing like 40,000 characters, so you will see he has variety even in his play. He goes back to his work after supper, but spends a part of every evening with his family, His favorite wife died a year or s0 ago, but his second wife, a woman of about 40, is still Iiving, and I am told he manifests no dispo- sition to take a third. He has now three sons and two daughters, and about a dozen grandchildren. He is very fond of his grandchildren. They play with him, crawl all over him, pull his beard and queue, and tyrannize over him just as do their kind in the humblest families of the empire. His children have all had good educations, and they have been brought up under a foreign tutor, an American, who is a graduate of one of our best colleges. The brightest of the lot Is the younger of the two boys, Lord Li Ching Mal, who Is still with his father, but who has been given a place in the official service of China by the emperor. He Is only 17 years of age, but he speaks the English as well as any American college student and he has already a good Inglish education. He takes after his father in his physique and in his intellectual ways. He is already nearly six feet in height and I see consider- able resemblance between his features and those of the old viceroy. He is, I am told, possessed of great natural abilities, and it is predicted that he will do much for modern progress in the China of the future. Kl A CadduntsT ——— HER CHOIC Tom Masson in Detroit For costly flowers, she stated, In a murmur animated, Her taste had been quite sated, And she could not counten.nce The girls who love to fritter % Their cash on things that glitter; Yes, she liked a gown to fit he BOt she spurned extravagan She liked things, oh, 20 simpl And she conjured up a dimple That set my heart a rimple With a love you'll comprehend, And she sald she thought 'twas funny With & voice as sweet as honey, Other girls should squander money On the things that have no end. With her sweet blue uplitted, She despised the maids who shifted From one man to one more gifted With the wherewithal to pay. And she sighed with deep emotion, At those trips across the ocean Just to humor some girl's notion, When 'twas best at home to st And in tones that knew no quelling, She grew eloquent in telling Of_the carved and figured dwelling That the modern girl desired, Such a waste! 'Twas characteristio Of the sex. So inartistic! And she grew quite syllogistic Ath the theme she had inspired, Surdkl 1 dec 1, she jested; And quite freely Interested, From this maiden I requested A much more explicit view Of the kind of house she wanted— For with love my heart was haunted— And she sald, with face undaunted, That a plain brown stone would do, Press. A tall man with 58 in his ey rushed into an all-night drug store about § o'cleck the other morning, says the Buffalo Express, and shouted at the top of his voice “Lend me 50 cents." The dozing clerk woke up with a start, “What's that?" he asked. “Lend me 60 cents.' “Who are you?' “Lend me 50 cents “Why should I lend you anything? Get out of here.” “Do 1 get 12" “Get what?" “The fifty."” “No, you don't get it.'* The tall man turned to go out. “An right,” he sald pacifically, “I didn’t suppose 1 would, but you can never tell when you're SOMUE L0 Fun against & sucker,” 8 PATRIOTISW'S BUGLE CALL Real Bignifioancs of Independence Day to the Youth of the Nation, VIEWS OF SOLDIERS AND STATESMEN Patriotic Rhapsody from a Southerner—Ex- Senator Ingalls Draws Striking Infe ences—Gen. Miles Writes of Patriot- Ism—Views of Fred Douglass. Patriotism, like chivalry, Is sald by many to be dying out of the world. But this is pessimistic and untrue, Patriotism, like chivalry, is merely shedding its old coat, and assuming more modern, convenient and practical apparel. One of the marked characteristics of pa- triotism, as once understood, was hatred— hatred of the people or nation, thay might stand in the way of each man's native land. That fierce tendency to destroy a nelghbor, to look with sullen fedlousy upon his prop- erty, to shrink from intercourse that might be profitable to both, was a marked feature of that old-fashioned love of country. For the Greeks all outsiders were barbarians; for the Romans, enemies or subjects. The glory of Rome could not brook the shadow of a rival's power. “Aut Caesar aut nihil” was the Roman warrior's motto. Empire, absolute and universal, was the alm of the patriot statesman; conquest, brutal and say- age, the patriot warrior's only aim It was not much better in the middle ages. The same feeling of hostility to others was part of the love each citizen felt for his own country. The dividing river was the boun- dary which his love of man did not and could not cross. Perhaps it was natural enough when war was chronic. How could the Frenchman love the German who had the vear before invaded and devastated his %0il? How could the German feel emo- tions of the gentler kind toward his neigh- bor of Gaul when he knew that that neigh- bor had overrun and ravaged his land in the past, and was very likely to do so in the near future? Constant war dried up the fountain of love in the human heart. Nor had the world yet learned the lesson that commerce was 50 oon to teach, viz.: that you can make more out of your neighbors by feeding and clothing than by killing and maiming them. The Yatriotism of today has lost the old element’ of savagery. Steamships, railroads, telegraphs have bound nations together as they were mever bound before. Terence's beautiful line, “I am a man, and therefore concerned in all that interests mankind,” has never been so true as it is today. Men are knit together by mutual interest. The great secret has been discovered that trade on just terms enriches both partics to the contest. ~ Patriotism i not dead or dyin it is simply intelligent. | ‘We love our coun- try because it s ‘our country; we honor and reverence qur flag because it is the symbol of that country and carries in its honorable folds a record which we cannot afford to forget, a promise which will en- rich the coming generations, an emblem of liberty and law for the enfranchisement and happiness of all. This is the patriotism that our children shall be taught. Not the jealous haste to invoke violence and wrath, Rather the assured confidence and trust that our nation s great enough, strong enough, generous enough to be slow to anger. It may be that the madness of another natfon may arouse our people some day to just resentment; then * * * Let me end with the oldstory of ‘Stephens son, the inventor of the raflway. One of his ‘objectors cunningly suggested that per- haps a cow might get in the locomotive's way and endanger the lives of the fool- hardy passengers. Yes, answered the Scotchman thoughtfully, & cow (or as he called it, a coo) might get in the way, but that would be very bad for the coo. F. R. COUDERT. A BIRTHDAY. Next to faith in God, faith in one's coun- try is needed to make good citizens. The very word patriotism means the relation of the child to the parent. Amid the pres- ent clamor and blatent protestations of so- called patriots, we should remember that no help can come from the immoral. The irreligious profane the ~sacred altar of patriotism, and their so-called worship is sacrilege. No country ever résted o im- plicitly on the virtue of its people. Our noble institutions cannot be upheld by un- worthy or fraudulent means. The torms of financial depression may sweep over the land, but so long as we hold fast to our traditions, we are safe. Our Fourth of July is something miore than a national holiday, for it has the deeper significance of being the birthday of a God-fearing peo- ple. MADELEINE VINTON DAHLGREN. ARE MEN REALLY EQUAL? According to Thomas Jefferson, this gov: ernment was established upon the self-evi- dent truth that all men are created equal, and endowed by God with the right to live, to be free, and to pursue happine:s. Was Thomas Thumb created physically equal to James Corbett; Boss McKane morally to Ly- man Abbott; Joe Boler intellectually to Mar- fon Crawford? If not, what did Thomas Jefferson mean by his glittering phrase about the equality of man? If an American citizen, in the pursuit of happiness, concludes to be a drunkard, a vag- abond and a thief, 1s he entitled to the same wage and compensation as the man who is sober, intelligent, honest and industrious? Has he the right to refuse to work, and also to beat, wound and kill another man, po sessing the same rights as himself, who is willing to take the place? If two men de- sire to visit Washingtow, has one the right to steal a rallroad train while the other is compelled to pay his fare or go afoot? To what proportion of the earnings and the accu- mulations of thrifty farmers, tradesmen and mechanics are the tramps, bummers, loafers and voluntary paupers of the country enti- tled? Has the government any money for making good roads, or any other purpose, that has not been contributed through the taxation of its citizens? What 18 the wealth or the credit of the nation but the combined wealth and credit of its people? Has one man the right to earp more money than an- other man, and if not, who is entitled to the surplus? 1Is the poverty of the poor due to the wealth of the rich? If all the assets of the country were forcibly distributed on the Fourth of July per ocapita, so that all men were equal, and the injustice arising from the ‘inequitable divislon:pf property was cor- rected, how long be another partition would be demanded by the reformers who tabor with the weapon of Sampson and claim to be the chosen and peculiar champlons of popular rights and constitutional liberty? American civilization I8 now engaged in the consideration of these questions, and the re- sult will give additionsl proof of the capacity of the people for kelf-government. The con- servative and destructiye forces of soclety are arrayed in conflct, and there has been no crisis in our history when it was of such importance that the yeung should be in- structed in the fundamental principles of our political system. JAMN J. INGALLS. PATRIOTIC RESPONSIBILITY. ' The real strength of a nation is not measured by mere numbers, or wealth of material resources. Indeed, these outward and apparent signs of prosperity may be the most striking at the very time when its character and life are in process of dissolu- tion. This idea has been expressed in the well known couplets “1 fares the land, fo hastening ills a prey Where wealth accumulates and men decay The moment of greatest danger is not where the land is beleagucred by armed foes. A united nation, fil'ed wiih brave and patriotic citizens, |ix seldom beaten down heyond recuperation by force of arms. Such trials but fan to fierce heat the ems bers of patriotism, It is Just at such times as the present, after a period of prolonged peace, when the dangers are greatest. If the exper- ment of frea government, attempted by our republic on a grander and more com prehensive scale than ever before, I3 to fail, it will not be from any outward foe. What we have most to fear is the cynical struggle for personal success, regardl ss of the public weal, or, sti.l worse, the apathy to corruption in public affairs, the decay of the civic virtues, which so ofte accompanie ease, luxury and long immunity from dan- ger. A nation is composed of individuals, and the plane upon which its affairs are con ducted, the spirit which inepires its policy, can be no higher than that of its average citizen. — These truths and the patriotic responsibility resting on each {ndividual citizen of the republic cannot be too deeply impressed upon the minds of the youth of our land, NELSON A. MILES, Major General United States Army A GREED FOR GAIN, At times like these we are apt to indulge In s0 much praise and exultation as to forget the great responsibilities imposed upon us by ecitizenship in this, the greatest of all nations. The wonderful resources of our country cannot be wasted without injury to our people, nor can we afford legislation which gives into the hands of a few our rapldly Increasing wealth, Our form of gov- ernment is the most perfect ever devised, and yet it will not run itself. The peoplc must depend upon themselves to secure p triotism, integrity and intelligen upon the bench, in execut! offices, and in legislative halls.” To secure the right kind of officials every citizen must do his duty at the pri mary, at the convention and at the polls And on this, the nation’s day, it will not be out of place for those who excuse themselves from jury service on the ground of important business to consider whether any business is more important than that of keeping the courts of justice free from the taint of the professional juror and the professional jury packer. The growth of enormous corpora- tions in our midst, the inequality in financial means and influence observable on every hand, make it necessary that the ' ment should redouble its care lest the strong and powerful trespass upon the rights of the weak and defenseless. In my boyhood days I remember that we used to put rings in the noses of hogs—not to prevent them from getting fat, but to keep them from de- stroying more than they were worth. We are all selfish and to a greater or less extent illustrate the tendencies of the hog, and it is necessary that the government should, fig- uratively speaking, put rings in the noses of the human hogs that they may not destroy more than they are worth in their greed for guin. W. J. BRYAN. BO TRUE TO OUR CONSTITUTION. In politics, morals and religion, and in all things desirable, truth must be the basis of effort and object. The rails must be true to the level and to each other for safety and speed. The sides of the ship must be true, in order to stand evenly upon her keel. The wall must be vertically true or it will come down with a crash. Our government mus be true to its constitution and it 3 sions or it will not stand. It professes six objects, not more than one of which has been thus far obtained. Neither “Union,” ““Tran- quility,” “Defense,” “Justice,” elfare” nor “Liberty” has been truthfully sought or attained” by it. For union we have antagonism; for tranquility, agitation; for the citizen's defense we have been relegated to the state's; for justice we have had race discrimination; for liberty, we have had slavery, and for general welfare we have had_sectional favoritism, What s now needed is simple truth, an honest conformity by the government to the constitution of the United States, a consci- entlous discharge of the duties of the Chris- tian religion, without partiality and without hypocrisy. If there shall be moral stamina ‘enoiigh in #is for ‘this' we need have mo fear of any harm from within or from without, now or hereafter, for salvation is Itself based upon truth, FREDERICK DOUGLASS. “I AM AN AMERICAN (HTIZEN." The course of civilization has differed little In the past, nor is it likely to differ in the future, from the processes of na- ture in her dealing with the animal and vegetable kingdoms. ~ Among nations, as among men. and beasts, and birds, and flowers, and trees, the story Is one of germ, and birth, and growth, maturity, decilne, decay and disappearance. How blessed are we who live at the pres- ent time in America. What other nation of the earth compares with these United States, in the development of the present or the promise of the future? Our temporary depression is not peculiar to America; but, even if it was, it is a mere evanescent condition, nowisz affecting the general statement above. Without the toil and pain of the pioneers we possess the fecund soil they rescued from the savage and the wilderness. ~We have a government, a certainty, known and supported by the love and loyalty of all, but built, by our tmmediate predecessors, out of a ghastly doubt, at a cost of blood and treasure almost beyond compute. Ours is an intellectual and social culture which begins to vie with the highest and the best, evolved from an ancestry whose harder tasks and lot rendered such as ours impossible to them and the inheritanc: of it by us, their offspring, almost incredible. Oh! happy day of our birth! which made our lives fall in a time when our lands, our government, our civiltzation are still developing, still improving, as none other on God's footstool. No wonder that blessings like these bring us that greater of national blessings, a patriotism in which there is a jovous sense of liberty, and an allegiance undivided. Behind us lie, with their lessons and their warnings, the dead civilizations of the past. About us, worthy of our highest emulation, are the splendid empires of today. The fu- ture may contain the germ of our decay. Thank heaven it is nowhere apparent now. Here, with all the hard labors of the begin- ning well performed, before we came upon life's scene, is our own peerless country, rich, free, populous, united, growing, and with possibilities still_opening up to ambi- tion, and to hope such_as are found in nc other nation on the globe. What prouder or more stimulating thought can human in agination conjure up to us than the ev present fact, ‘I am an American citizen! JOHN 8. WISE. r- BRIGHTER DAYS DAWNING. That the disturbed relations of public af- fairs are almost wholly caused by an unsef tled tariff is my firm convietion; therefor the present selfish policy of those in author- ity, whereby only personal sectional inter- ests are considered, should be unhesitatingly condemned. Limited means. and other dis- astrous circumstznces so much deplored, are the results of such a course, and thus readily accounted for. formerly, the wisdom of statesmen guided the affair of state, and, recalling that fact, the conditions now so changed can only be considered by every thoughtful lover of hix country with sincere regret. Not until con- gress I8 again composed of men of wise in- telligence, whose scle p shall be the highest good of all cla@a in all sections, can any radical reform be expected. Notwithstanding current national unrest because we are passing through a period of depression, no real cause for despondency ex- ists. As a natlon, we are rich in resource against the world in eveything, and the prac tical lessons already learned by our recent trying experiences will aid, in my judgment in ushering in the dawn of that brighter day which Is sure to come. “nose The youth of our glorious country cannot have too strongly impressed upon them the great truth, that those grand principles, which were the foundation of cur republic. and have predominated hitherto through many years of the natlon's life, are the only ones that will Insure a reign of equity, prosperity and good-will ALBERT A. POPE OUR INSTITUTIONS WILL ENDURE. The approach of the birthday of our na- tional independence should cause us to piuse, and reflect where we are, where we have been and where we are going, and to see if wo can have renewed hoge and comfort for the future. Qur yel young republic bas passed flercest character, description, but « more vigorous, from upon her by those through ordeals of t and almost of every has come out of them the very strain placed trugglis UAt once Antaecog, on the Libyan strand, More tierce recovered when he veached the #and,” With governments as with (ndividuals, there fs no success without trials and hard ships, and nothing s enjoyed save that which is won through them No one thing, in war or in peace, has tested our country's stability more thor oughly than the financial stagnation of the past twelve months, and not one, in all our history, establishes more firmly the fact that under all circumstances our institutions will endure and grow more solid with the com- ing and going of the year: Seeing now the storm weathered and the clouds departing after this long spell of gloom and depression, the spirit of Amer- Icanism must become deeper and more ani- mated with us all, and cause cach and every one of us to look upon our country with' wonder, admiration and love “Sail ‘on, oh, Ship of State,” d_speed her, keep her, bless her while o stecrs Amid the breakers of unsounded yenrs' A. 1. GARLAND. THE TEXAN GOVERNOR. If by “Americanism’ ciples of American gov you mean the prin ment, as embodied in our federal constitution, then 1 think its ‘abiding strength” has been demonstrated beyond question, and no better work can be' done at this time by any one than to Keep these principles of government squarety before the people in order that they may not be lost sight of. J. 8. HOGG. TER TO HAYTL THE EX-MIN At this season of the year it is natural for patriots to take an optimistic view of the future of the republic. Do the signs of the times justify it? The our national existence was spent in a perate strugle to make the constitution form to the principles of the Declaration of Independence—the one being the makeshift of politicians secking to placate conflicting crests of sections, the other the well con- first centur dered declarations of a philosophier, wh education was finished in the terrible school of the Irench revolution. The issues were finally gettled at Appomattox court house. The issues with whici we are now dealing and which will be the chief concern of the sccond century of our national wexistence, will center around industrial slavery instead of chattel slavery. Instead of being com- posed almo: itirely of British stock, edu- cated fn the restraints of self-government, upon the democratic maxim that that gov- ernment s best which governs least, our population is now dominated by men edu- cated in the school of tyranny, upon the semi-barbarous maxim that that government is best which governs most. State social- ism and democracy already confront each other. Every patriot believes that strength of Americanism will prevail over the continental heresies which will seek to destroy individualism and exalt the state— to make of Edward Bellamy a prophet and of Thomas Jelferson a dreamer. T. THOMAS FORTUNE. the abiding ED CATIONAL, Mrs. Julia J. Irvine, the new president of Welleslcy collcge, s a sister of Buftalo 3l Acting Provost Harrison of the University of Pennsylvania has appointed as vice pro- vost Prof. George 8. Fullerton of the chair of intellectual and moral philosophy In the university. The summer meeting of the University Extension soclety opens tomorrow in _the hall of the University of Pennsylvania, Phil- adelphia, The lecturers are among the most eminent educators In the eountry and the topfes embrace literature, science and art, pedagogy, mathematics, music, history and civies, The importance of teaching dressmaking at the Drexel institute is shown by the fact that in large establishments it is said they find the greatest difficulty at all times in securing really skillful and competent dress- makers who know their business. There are hundreds of alleged dressmakers who are just seamstresses and know absolutely noth- ing about fitting a_ gown. Harvard is about to give an A. B. to her first Bulgarian student, Stoyan K. Vatral- sky. H6 s 32, the son of a shepherd and is much indebted to American missionaries for the course his life has taken. The teacher who has most directed his religious thought while in this country is Dr. Lyman Abbott He bopes to write and lecture, as he has already done in this country. Cornell graduated a class of 272 at its twenty-sixth annual commencement last There were twenty-six bachelors of arts, twenty-four bachelors of philosopiy, thirteen bachelors of letters, thirty-eight bachelors of sclence, twenty-five civil engi- neers, elghty-one mechanical engineers, in- cluding thirty-eight in electrical en- gineering, and sixty-five bachelors of laws. No less than seventy-six advanced degrees were conferred, sixteen of them being doc- tors of philosophy—a record unsurpassed by any other American university. Al were carned by study and residence at the univer- sity, as Cornell is one of the few American institutions that do not confer honorary grees, and thereby lower the value of ad- vanced degrees by making them so common. The trustees of Cornell university made the following appointments at their annual meeting last week: Prof. Goldwin Smith, formerly regius professor of history at Ox- ford, was elected professor of Engligh his- tory, Emeritus; Hon. Francis M. Finch was elected professor of the history and evolution of law, the appointment to take effect Janu- ary 1, 1896, when his term as justice of the New York court of appeals expires; ant Professors Willcox, Dennis and Jacoby were promoted to be associate professors with increased salaries. The trustees ap- propriated $2,400 for the purchase of Insiru- ments for the Cornell cadet band of fifty pleces, which has now become one of the finest amateur military bands in the coun- try. Radical changes are announced in the course of undergraduate studies at Johns Hopkins, some to go into effcct at the be- ginning of the next academic year and oth- ers not until October, 1895. The latter are the most important, as they prefix a year's work to the ragular three s’ study course for the baccalaureate d , making the full college course four years, as in other colleges. The preliminary year is designed for candidates for matriculation. A resi- dence of four years will be necessary to the attainment of the degree of bachelor of arts, The undergraduate course will be -divided into seven elective groups of stud. Five hours weekly were formerly given to the principal courses of study, but under the new system no course of study will include more than four hours, except philosophy, to which five hours will be given In the third year, In the death of Prof. Herbert Tuttle Cor- nell loses one of her most brilllant profes- sors, and American scholarship cne of its brightest lghts, His great work was the fistory of Prussia,” of which three volumes appeared, bringing Prusstan history down to the end of Fredfrick the Great's relgn. It is the standard work on the subject. As an academic lecturer, Prof. Tuttle had no su- periors in those qualities of clearness, accu- racy and force which go farthest toward cquipping the successful teacher. Born in 1846, he took his baccalaureate degree in 1869 and followed journallsm until 1880, when he became a lecturer on international law and political seience, In 1857 he was made professor of the history of political and municipal Institutions and international law and in 1891 he was, at his own request, transferred to the chair of modern European history., His decease at the comparatively early age of 47 will be deeply regretted ;«hvn‘\'or his scholarship has made itself elt. — New Theory of Auroral Light. The latest theory concerning the cause of the aurora borealls has been deduced from @ careful analysls of that light thrown through a spectroscope. This unique ex periment clearly establishes the fact that It I8 caused by en electrical discharge among the particles of meteoric iron dust contained In Lhe atmosphere, 13 s e e e — 4 INGLE COPY FIVE CENTS 2 ; CO-(H’ER;\TI\'I’Ill(i.\lliBl'lLl;li(_l 4 Result of the Cfiicial Examination of Omahs Associations, b OPINIONS OF THE STATE INSPECTORS ond Annual Convention of the United | States Leaguoe at Baffalo— A Syra. b volves u Il N Varions Assos } lation Notes. g State Bank Examincrs McGrew and Kline have completed an examination of the busi= b ness of bullding and loan assoclations of 3 Omaha. Usually the examination Is made g about the first of the year, but owing to the = Increased labors due to the financial panie last year the work was unavoidably des layed. The task occupied ten days and the 4 rosult was satisfactory in all respects, ) We found the assoclations in splendid condition,” sald Mr. MeGrew, “much better 3 than could be cxpected In view of the 3 season of depression through which they 4 ha passed. They are in a prosperous condition, their business is growing steadily and from investments are compara= tively slight.” K Mr. McGrew ascribes this satisfactory 1 state of affairs to the determination of the 4 state banking board to copfine the operas ticns of all associations within legitimate legal bounds. — The exclusion of speculative foreign associations has cleared the at- 4 mos); and materialf ded in restoring 3 confidence “and popularizing local assoclas tc Cateh-penny devices have been elini inated from clations incorporated in the state and all are now working on the broad basis of genuine mutuality, UNITED STATES LEAGUE. . The second annyal mecting of the United States League of Local Building and Lean o associations will convene at Buffalo, N. Y. d July The session. will last three days, k. An interesting program has been arranged, comprising addresses and papers, covering every phase of association work. Bach paper will be discussed after being read. b The basis of representation is three dele- gates-at-large from each state league and 3 one additional for every twenty-five assoclas tions In the league, e s some talk of sending a delegation from the Nebraska B league, but nothing definite has been de- termined. Omala at least should be repro- sented. Its associations are numerically and fitancially strong enough to warrant repre- sentation. Besides, co-operation of business 4 and pleasure during the y v : L, 5 the dog days is worthy, o A NEW P J. Mason Straw, tion at §; new plan of AN. 3 * of an associn- 3 has originated a 5 fon, Under it there is 3 no entrance fe: no fines, no lapses and no B forfeitures, In lieu of the membership fee ke a corresponding discount fs charged agalnst - withdrawn installment stock, Fines are ob- viated by stock suspension. Loans run 100 and 120 months, the payments being $14 and $12.50 respectively, Class “A" installment 3 stock can be paid up and matured at the op- 3 tion of the investor, thus: He may pay any 1 regular sum from 60 cents to $1.30 in mule 3 tiples of a dime, such as he may elect, and make {rregular excess payments at any time, said payments attracting full earnings. & Without “extra contributions his stock will mature presumably in from sixty-one to 100 months, according to payment selected. He o may also pay up his.monthly contributions i a single payment and draw 7 per cent 1 dividends thereon out of the ecarnings, or allow his dividends to accumulate along With the earnings until the stock s ma- tured. A prepaid 7 per cent coupon stock is issued, class “C,” which is sold at $75 and this, too, Is optional with the holder in the v matter of cashing the coupons or allowing them to remain in the fund. Withdrawals are permitted practically on call in the in- stallment classes. It is said the new plan is proving very pgpular. ASSOCIATION NOTES. One hundred and forty-nine associations were represented at the v [Ilu;uls State League. e 4 The Omaha has paid out on withe 4 in ten months $25,000, and xnmohjl:r.n::r; & last made a net gain of 857 shares, G The directors of the Mutual of Omaha are | discussing changes in the by-laws with a & x”"w to abolishing the premium bidding sys= em. One of the gratifying facts | b with the business doprossion 1s thy mexiios ] in membership of building and loan assocla~ tlons in Nebraska. No better evidence could ;. be had of growing public confidence. Building and loan and mutual insurance ;l;:zxficu‘mg:s have been exempted by the b nited Swates senate from % lh(l- brospective income tax. tho, sperat GaRER Buflalo associations promise to royally en tertain delegates to the League_convention. Unlted LR Mr. B. Wy Alpiner,~city clerk of Kank kee, 1ll, waé a guest of his cousin, Mrs, Martin_ Cahmy last week. Incidentally he collected $3,000 of the Mutual Loan = and 4 Building assaciation on fifteen shares of its first serfes of,stock, which had just matured, The investment in’ stock In the Mutual le to the establishment of a thriving a m:ll? tion at Kankakee, — Mr. Alplner promptly B renewed his subscription for new shares in — the Mutual and said that the members of his family were now carrying $20,000 stock In various loan and building associations, S DUSTRIAL NOTES, Gun flints are still made in England, b New Jersey leads in silk manufacture, * 3 Russia s cxperimenting in cotton ralsin A machine has been invented to 1 dust particles in the air. sount A Diamonds so small that 1,500 go to th 3 carat have been cut in Holland, o The area of crops in the United State this year Is 20,107,247 acres. e A Swedish copper mine has been worked without interruption for 800 years. ey A small horse power engine which is said b to make forty-two cigarettes a minute is the Invention of a Frenchman, An elevated rallway with novel features is planned for Vienna. The cars are to be suspended instead of running on ordle nary rails. ¢ . Most of the iron In the United States fs b produced in the Lake Superior reglon, ) Among the richest mines in the world ar those of the Vermillion range. The discovery of the process of tinting white paper was the result of sheer care: lessness on the part of the wife of an Eng lish paper maker, who accidentally dropped the “blue bag" Into a vat of pulp, The glass blowers of ancient Thebes are known to have been equally as proficient b In that particular art as fs the most sclen= tific craftsman cf the same trade of the 3 present day, after a lapse of forty cens turies of so-called '‘progress.” The steam city rallroads of London earn $73,000 a mile, while those of New York City earn $300,000 per mile per annum. The New York rallroads carry a far larger nums ber of passengers, run quicker and make E more stops than the London roads, 1 An English bacon curing company res contly recelved a suggestion that they: should utilize the electric current during i the daytime for heating electric branding irons, which should be used in place of the 48 old-fashicned brands. This suggestion was | adopted, and the company Is now branding i its ‘bacon by this new methcd, which ha# glven geoeral satisfaction nfesslon. Herbert," tell me Washington tell one Were you ever “Well,” replied tight onee “What do you mean?" “I had @ tooth pulled and took laughing gas,” . Star thing, she sald, and truthfully, intoxicate the young man, “I was a