Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, November 15, 1891, Page 20

BIG MUNICIPAL ~ PROBLEMS. A Practioable Eystem for Patting Elcotrio Wires Underground, RESEARCHES OF A NATIONAL COMMISSION 1ts President, Mr. Andrew Rosewater, Reviews Its Work ~Cogent Rea- sons for the Mun'cipal Owner- ship of Pablic Works. Mr. Andeew Rosewater returned last week from Washington, D, C., where he had been engaged for some time as one of a spo- cial commission,of threo appointed by Prosi- dent Harrison in compliance with an act of congress, The] commission consisted of Mr. Rosewater, who was selected as an expert in municipal engineering work, Prof. Henry A Rowland pf Johns Hopkins university, a prominent physicist and electrician, and nt F. R. Shunk of the nited States engineer corps The purpose for which the commission was appuinted, as defined by the act creating it, was to devise a plan of underground conduits or subways for the District of Columbia and mako estimates of the cost. Also, to v whether or not the conduit system should bs owned by a separato company, by the exist fng companies or by the governwment, and, it by the lattor, on what terms and conditions should it bo used by privato compa- nies; also to frame a code of rules and regulations for the public and private wiring of the System with further recommendations ns to the maintenance and coutrol of the sys- tem. The commission mot, in January last and organizod by electing Mr. Kosewater presi- dent, The work of Investigation has been car: rica on vigorously —ever since and 1t has been most thorough and exhaustive. The result of this investigation, together with the recommendations of tho com- mission, were cmbodied in a very exhaustive report which was filed with tho president about November 1. This report is n very amportant one and has excited immense in- terest among eloctricians and municipal corporations, so much o, that the mom- bers of the commission have beon the re- cipients of numercus requests for covics of it, but as thoe report cannot be published in full until congress meets these requests cau- not be complied with at this time, A representative of Tue Bee called upon Mr. Rosewater and requested an interview upon the question which is agitating the eicctrical world, namely: underground con- duits, and that gentieman produced the original manuscript from which the report of the commission had vecn type written and proceeded to speak of the report and the sub- ject matter therein contained, referring fre- Quently to tho roil in his haud aud quoting copioas extracts thorefrom. ““The first thing for the commission to do,” said Mr. Rosewater, “after finding tho statns of the work in Washington, was to mscertaiu what experiments had been made, which of them had failed and which succeeded and what progress hud been made in underground wirin Correspondence was had with ail the leading cities in the country aud we collected all the available data relating to European experi- ence on this subject. %or the purposo of fair dealing we called apon the local companies for their present views on this subject. Weo found that the Eleetriz Lighting company of Washiogtgp, which had pronounced underground wiring Impracticable two years ngo, had now become an advocate of thal systew. The telephone company bad aiso concluded that under- grouna wiring was practicable and was in Tavor of pluciugts wires under ground as fast as possible. *"Phe Western Union Telegraph company was the only company which strenuously o posed any such efforts. They prescnted ar- guments from thew electricians and man- nger, purporting to show that such work was impracticable o any exteat, in view of the retardation caused on lines using the duplex and quadruplex instruments, and Intimuted that, if compelied to put its wires uUndargrotnd; it. should huve i reducs the numbor of its offices in the district, increaso the number of wires aud, in consequence, raise the tarifl on messagos, or clse locate its oftices in the outskirts of the cit; “In view of these claums we addressed a letter to H. W, Preeco, eloctrician of the postal deparument of Great Britain, as to the experience in . ondon, wlere ove miles of wire are now underground, “He roplied that they used duplex and quadruplex instruments on their main cuits aud that the main cireuits of all lines were underground, passing through London for a distance of five or ten miles cach, and that witkout any resultant practical retarda- , added to the experienco in *hicago, Philadelphia, New York and Brooklyh, couvinced the commissioners that the reasons presented by the Western Union company were not fenable. o satisfy ourselves whether any special burdens were imposed on tho corporations for the use of the public streots, we investi- [ated theamount of taxes paid in the district y these companies and we found that the aggregato tax paid by the telephono, tele- graph and lighting companies combined, for 1500, was 81,057 Tho exhibit of tuis in- significant amount convinced us that these companies were not entitlod to any consider- ation for reasous of that nature, ““Tho board having, after due investigation, voncluded that underground wiring 1n the vity was practicable from a mechanical and electrical standpoint, proceeded to ascertam the nature of the obstacles to be encountered; how 1o overcomo them, aud to determine which of the varied systems of construction already tried was besi suited to the wants of the Distriot of Columbia, and whether public interests would best be served under private or public ownership. ‘o determine the best system and method of coustruction it was first necessary to com- para the relative surfaco and underground condition of the thoroughfares ot Washington and other cities. Conditions whicn provail Upon many of tho streets of Now York and Chicago, which aro literally filied witn systematic musses of every conceiveable kind of pipes wid mochanisms for was, water, steawn heat aud power distribution, and whore gas pipes, either through poor’ con- struction originally, or bad counections and disturbances from innumerablo sources, ave full of leaks, require far different treatment from such as provail in a city which has been under systomatic control during the greater vart of the time since its conception.” Mr. Rosowater then spoke ot the dificulties and dangors encountered by reason of gas leaking into the conduits aud causing oxplo- slons'which frequently vesult in loss of life, 1d also of the mothods used in various ciites 1o overcom this difficuity Turniog to the veport Mr. Rosewater read as follows: “Electrically spoaking, it has been domonstrated that olectric light wires can be laid sido by sido with telephono or telograph wires, each belug insulated, with- out materially interforing with the practical operation of either of the latter. The on requisite in each case 13 that the insula- tion be properly protectea and that in the caso of the telophono wire the latter shall bo fu metallio circuit to_overcome the effects of current induction. The reports of David R. Walker, chiof of tho electrical bureau of Philadelphia, clearly show that with proper paro close proximity” of telephoue and tel graph wires with electric light wires of high potential will not impair the operation of eithier, and as an instance wo cite a lead-on- cased telephone wire in_metallic clrcuit for a distance of three miles in the same duct aud directly adjoining a lead-oncased eluetric light wire having a current of 8,000 volts which bas been in_successful operation upon Broad street, Philadelphia, ever sinco 1886 and fs still in use and in good conaition. In this same duct within a creosoted conduit, foLr other wires are bewg used for teie- rapaic purposes. The only precaution that Seoms to be requisito in placiui bigh and low poteutial cables near each other is that the outer casing of the cables should be grounded at every manhole to provent accident. If, us has beem shown, a telophouo aud an electric ught wire huviti high potential curreut can be safoly laid is evident that, with reasonable care by tho use of separato or doublo-chumbered ‘mau- boles for distribution, a8 system of conduits with separate,distinct ducts for different po- teutinl cablos van be regarded as practicavle. The most important problom to be solved from the standerd of municipal economy 1s Mwbodied if the question, shall the under- (4o by side in the same auctit | THE OMAHA DAILY BEE. ground wiring be effected throuh open subways, solia insulated conductors or a system of closely insulated or mechanically protected ducts! Unquestionably the ideal method would be through an open subway 80 constructed as~ to admit read access to the wires or cables at all points and obviate the necessity of subse t cutting open of streeis, Open sub wiys to meet these requirements, should obviously bo made large enough to contain the water, gas, Giud sUWul pipve iU puuiiv and privata service of the city, Evea thon, unloss eoustructed upon ench side of the streot under the sidewalks, the streots would still require to be cut open for the purposes of house connections, This therefore, necessitates cither separate su ways on each side of the street inside of the curb lines, ora contral subway sufficiently deep for sewor servico combined with a con duit aystor of conneetions to the buildings on cach side of the streat through which water, gas and electric service pipes can bo extended,! "hon follows a groat deal of detail illus- trating the necessity of naving subways 8o constructed that all wires within them may readily accessivle for resewal and re rs,”’ continued Mr. Rosewater, *We esti- mated that asubway in the center of the street, large enough to contuin the sewer, water and gas pipes, electric cables and with cross condults for house conncetion, would cost from §135,000t0 §250,000 per mile, ac- cording to the width of tho streer, and other local conditions, Its construction would in- volve the tearing up of the old system of pipe-mains and the repaving of about 25 per cont of the street aren, 80 Lhat such a plai is impracticable. The cost of double subways one upon each side of tho street—would o about 150,000 or 200,000 per mile, vary- ing with the extent of the' service to be pro vided for. 1t1s a question whether such an expenditure would be justified in any city. “It is owirg to this enormous expensd that 10 city on either continent has adopted a dis- tinctive subway system in the popular senso of that term. In Paris the telegraph and telephone wires, which belong to the gov ment, are luid in the enormous sewers, tho electric light and power wires being pla in conduits under the sidowalks. ho report then refers at some length to the increasing valuo of the spuce under the sidewalks and suguests a rule limiting the aroa way in front of buildings to o width of ten feet, such & permit to require the benoficiary to = build a substantial arca wall to a” depth pelow requisito sewer service, such wall o be used free of cost, whenever desived, us one of the walls of an outer public arca ot subway. This would be tho beeinaing of a double subway system which could ve cffected at a grevtly reduced cost, “Following this,” continued Mr. Rose- water, *‘the report takes up the provalent systems of underground wiring in this coun- try and in Kurope, namely, tho solid and the conduit ductsystems. ““I'ho solid duct system, which was among the first tried and introduced, bas character- istic_features favoravle to such systems of lighting and power transmission which, when once laid, need little or no attention in the futurs The Edison incandescent svstem, as developed 1n the United States, is constructed upon this basis. **We are theu brought to a consideration of the conduit duct systew, which aamits of drawing in and taking out wires and cablos as circumstances require. This is unques- tionably the cheapest and most practicable system thus far developed, all things consid- ered, for general municipal wiring purposos. In view of this fact, it has been doveloped 1n every conceivable form to meet tho varied couditions of service and limitations of out- riments in Baltimore and Washing- » developed a practical conduit sy tem in the shape of rectangiilar sections of glazed vitrified clay, partitioned off into separate, distinct ' rectangular ducts. Both tho telephone and electric light companies use it in their construction to the oxclusion of all other kinds. The simplicity of the clay conduit, tue durability of its ma- terial and special applicability to the sorv in Washington in view of the fow inpod ments, taken in conuection with its compara- tive cheapness and capacity, lead us to the conclusion that of those conuuits having had areasonably succossful test of several years it best meets the requirements of a system specially suitabie to the District of Co- lumbia. “The report then fakes up the ques- tion of the ownership of theso conduits,” con- tinued Mr. Rosewater, “and recommends that the conduits should be built, owned and con trolled by the district, ‘on the broaa theory that the public thoroughfare and wrounds are and should be exclusive publie propercy, and thit business necessarily conducted for public purposo upon these thoroughfaves should be owneua and controlled by the public. This is not an untried theory. ~ Years of actual trial have demonstrated the practicability of a publi water supply system under municipai own- ership. In the United States 43 per cent of the water works and fully 75 per tof the investment 1n water works planis are owned and controlled by muaicipal corporations. Without exception municipal ownership in these cases has brought about a material im- provementin tho water supply aud a reduc- tion in the water rafes. *“The objection generally pal ownership,” water, layiug *1s that weo have cenough corruption 1 municiy and why should we enlarge the field instead of curtailing ivt tnat our; political system is such that every clection will bring about chunges detrimental to their proper administration. Other rea- sons urged are that the object of government is to coufine public coutrol to tue narrowest limits and maintain the utmost simplicity. “The prevalent idea that changes take place in municipal governments more fre- quently than m private corporations is erroneous. From experience we have had in this country and abroad, departments under the control of parties possessing technical knowledgo and skill are not affected by charges incidental to politic “Whilst 43 per cent of the water works in the United States ave owned by municipali- ties, wo ind very few changes w those de- artments brought about by political resu The fact that under municipal ow ship water works niave proven succ rates have been reduced and tha service im proved, is tho best evidence that the samo cun be done 1f applied to other branchos of similar service. “While fow citios in the country own gas works, still_the experience of that hmited number, notaoly Puiladelphia, proves them to bo profitable investmants for munivipal ities urged to munici- Mr. Rose- the report, Thora are aver seventy electric light plants in the United States owned by munici- palities, Their average rates, ail things con- sidercd, ate slightly lower under munieipal ownership than under contract, notwith- standing the cities owning their plants aro ro. straiued from furnishiug private hghts which form tho basis for the greater part of the profits, “Referring to the subject of corruption, it can be safely said that 75 per cout of the cor- ruption developed in the municipalities of the United States can be traced to tho franchised corporations in those -municipalities. The waterworks, gas works, strect railway aod other corporations co-opera.e in elections for municipal offivers to coutrol the election of officers- who will serve their purposo, and to their machiuation is due the effort of the boodje element to secure alder- manic houors. Placa theso departments under wunicipal ownership and place them beyoud the influence of suzh contamination aud we get vetter service and reduce the cost of municipal government. Tho receipts (rom the franchised corpor- atious in Beelin ave sufliciont 1o run the en- tire municipal goverament, houce uo tax for municival purposes is leviod thero. The city of Paris derives an anuual proiit of from gas, aud $1,090,000 atroet rarand ‘bus service. Puiladelphia has in the past three years averaged a net profit of over on and one halt million dollars from its gas works annually. “Tno fact is, a8 a rule, it may va safely as- sumed that 5 per valuation placed upon the property of the gas and water works in municipal corporations is chargeable to the valuo of tho franchise and not of the plant. Right here in Omaha $2,500,- 000 out of the §5,000,000 of market valuation of the water works lies in the value of the franchise aud not in that of the pl'ut, aud the samo may be said in 4 greater or less de gree of the gus and electrio plants, “Another point: Whilst the telephone compauies autribute their high rates to tho pat entees to whom they pay royalty, tho citics, for some strange reason, fail to ‘make theso sawe patentees pay royaity for the use of the streets,” Dr. Birn e e The American Street Railway association has applied for 50,000 square feet 1n the Trans. portation building aud sppoluted a committee 10 elp Chiof Smith gev u suitable eauibit, which will be collective. Bee bld G OEBERTAH. ry of the Piute and Bannock War of 1878, BY GENERAL 0. 0. HOWARD, Copyria't, 1891.] Oeetah iived in a wild place, rightly named “‘Malheur,” which means misfortune, Qeetal's father, yoars before, had been mortally wounded in battle. In his last mo- ments he had given the child, then 3 yoars old, to his brother Egan, the now Piute chief. It was this battle that endod the ofd Plute war. The white men, as they finally do in every struggle with tus red men, had conquered The new chieftain gatherad the svwraggling remnants of his tribo. He addressed tnem with bitter calmness : The whito men take my land; thoy dri off my ponies; they kill my children! My brothier tukes the war-path. Many suns tue red men and the white men_ fght. Many soldiers, many braves, die. The war chiel my brother, 15 slain. The young men buried by the creeks. Eian fights no mo White man says: “Peace; take a home ot Mallieur. There is good land, good water, white man’s food. The red man and the whito man eat bread together’ Egan is done.” So, from the the borders of Nevada tho poor, hall clad Indians were mounted on their wornout ponies and murched off to the “Maiheur,” and the Indian reservation was begun, Ocetah long remomberad that ride. A lot of bundles were put upon a mouse colored pony’s back and tied on, making him look like o young clephant with legs too small; then she was poerched at tho top and fas tened to the loud by a strap drawn tightly across her lap, She was afraid, but her unclo laughed at her and gave ber a little whip, She soon becamo mistress of the situation, and when the pony stopped to eat she would swing her lash around and hit him in some tender spot, wherever the bundles gave her a chance 1o strike. At Malbeur, whore I first saw Oeetah, sho was living in her uncle's lodge. It was ten years since her ride on the mouse-colured pouy, so that she was now 13. She was short and fat, and had chubby cheeks. Her hair and eyes—well, they were ladian hair una eyes—hair straignt, black and shiny, eyes aark, deop and shy. ' She wore a pretiy ita dress, which fell below her brown moceasin, and a red blanket, which had a way of erceping up to the top of her head on slight provocation, while one side was sliding around over her mouth. Sho was really the freshest and prettiest Indian zirl I ever saw. Her jetty hair, braided behiud. was as smooth a3 satin in front, and her browa face, reddencd by her shawl's rellection and warmed by her young blood, was positively handsome. 'Tho stern Egan smiled upon her, and the voung braves treated her with marked attention and vespect. I found sho could read a little, sew and cook. About three years after se was married to a young chiof of the Nevada Piutes. 1 had seen him on my visit at Malheur; a bright feliow who cut his hair short and dressed like a young white farmer. His “Boston name was leign. His sisterSarah was often with the Maltieur Piutes, a givl of great in- teiligenco and character; she acted as inter proter and taught the’ other girls many things. Leigh, too, could read and write a little. Ocetah went to Nevada with Leigh, but she often made the long journey pony-back to visit her uncle at Matheur. She was with Egan when apother frightful Indian war broke out. 1t vegan between some Shoshones and white men in Idaho, about a hundred miles east of Bose City. After the first conflict the Shoshones rushed on toward the west, vobbing and kill- ing white people all along, and always gath- ering numbers from the Indian tribes they passed, until finally they arrived at the Mal- heur. That afternoon Ezan was asleep in nis lodge. At the duor the Too-at—the old medi- cine man—was sitting on a box chunting his wild prophiecies to the women who wero seated on the ground. Some were tending their babies, some making “manta dresses,” others doiug head cmbroidery on acor skin coats and moceasins. Ocetahi sat nearest th old medicine man, finishing a pair of mocer- sins for her husband and listening intenty to the weird chanting of theold !ndian: “Timo nears. Tue Indians will rise from tho deay, sweep ail white men (rom the land " “‘Liet the Too-at say how many suns ! sad Ocetah, +Oh, the Too-at Know: tell by and by.” While the dreamer talked thinking. She dreaded war—it der. She hoped her teacher mizhi be spared. She aidn’t want him to die. Leigh had always worked with white men, aud they had paid him wages. She c soe why her people wanted such white men killed Suddenly a sirange, persistent, far-off noise, like the continuous - whooping of mea and women, interrupted their talk work. Itseémed to come from tho di tion of the Castie wountain, which rai its lofty cvest above them toward tho north. “Tuere came into view a number of youns wen ou horscback. Egan was evidently angry, As soou as tho voung men saw hi whéy” became sileat, respectiul, dismounted and approactied the people now standing up in no httle excitoment. The bubies cried, and the ola Too-at was adding his shout to the din: “Oke— Oke sun! this is the day “The leader of the young men spoke to Figan : “Egan, be war chief! Buffalo_Horn 1s dead, white men killed him. The Suoshones ard The war-path is tulL.” d grimly: Itis no good. T'no Shoshones will the Too-at will Oectah was meant mur- Egan_answe the whito mas, given o Lim. troved.” ‘Chus the brave Egan answered, But the old prophet cried shrilly, “Egan is no cow ard! Oke— Oko sun! Egan will tead his peoplel” Tno young Shoshone spoke agai b como to the_council at Stein mountmn. s old chief of the Piutes will be there, Leigh will bo there, and the young meu, the Kia- muths, the Cayuses, the Columbias and Walla Wallas. Egai, como to the council ! “Pho chicf could not resistueall to a confer- ence, and hie promised 1o go. Ocetah, heaving that hor husband and his fatber, the old Piute chiof, were to be at Stein mouutain, asked 1o accompiny her uncle. The excitoment in_camp was groat, | took the wild Shoshones to the Indian agent of Malheur and asked rations for bis zuests. The agent refused the food. Tuls was un fortunute, for it made Egan suddenly and dveply angry, for hospitulity is u sacred thing in Indian e Quickly all was stir, confusion, clamor. The" young Shoshones were telling their pecessful murders and robberies of the whito mea in urms, of tho soldiers who must come from far se ato posts; the Too-at was wildly prophes ing and Urging; und the angry igan forbid- ing notbing, the whola camp was on the swift move to cateh and saddle tho tho women gathering up the stuff to pa the animals. Ocetah had her own aught him by seuzing luriat and 1 an instant had bim saddled and bridled; throwing her red blunkent across thoe saddlo and tying her small bundlo fast behind it, sho spraug into place. “The now quiet eavaleado pulled outof camp in good order. Exzun made Ocotah ride witn tho women following on, while he and tho men pressed forward in the direction of the appointea meeting place. Puey found assembled alveady between two and three thousand Indian people, The old chief of tho Piutes, Leigh's father, flatly opposed tho war, so did Leigh and his orother. Egan hesitated. Ho hated wbite men, Hud not they killed his brother, his early comradest The new agent uever bud suited bim and vow bad rofused rations to his guests; yet Egan oid nov ke to vreak a promi Ocotah Her husband have fought My word 15 be des- white pony. She his long drageing watched her friends anxiously, father and brothers were for peace, the ‘Too-at and the vounger Piu were for war: aud 13zan, sullen and silcut she bravely ventured to his side. “Ezan, sho said gently, “let us goaway from this place, we wartno part in war, nono of our famly.” T old Too-at cried out ps he caught the sound and and substuuce of her pleadiug “Has F n become & womant Eguu leads his peoplo! Tno day nas come ! While this couneil was sitting in the top of Stein mountain, a company of youry Indians had descended the steeps, to'the houso of u white man ar the base, Smith and bis two sons, who lived there and pastured their horses on the puolic lands, knew an Iudiaa war had begun, but had hoped their frieudly relations with' the Lhutes would protect then Whon, just these wild war- riors came prowling about like wolves they were fillod with great alarm. Stilly atfivst, the savages ouly demauded food after dark, SU DAY, A firo was made in the the Indians gathered around ana_plunder. dooryard aud it to smoke, Leigh, who had long been o friend to the Smiths, guessing their intention, had accom- panied this raiding pariy. w, making somo sensiblo oxcase, ha slipped away, entered the house, and managed, nobody Kknows just how, to spirit off the throe whito men beforo his design was suspectod, Hn continned with tho rescued men ns & guide, azd did not return at all to the top of tne mountain, When the troachery of so personage became known, Indiaus, already wild for no_further opposition. borne, and even tho chief of the Piutes bad 0 keep his mouth shut. Ocetah could only weep for Leigh in silence and alone. w Sarah, Leigh's sister who bad gained much and Roportance as an inter preter, was passing dit this time in a wagon from some place in Qrogon toward her howmo in Nevada. The citizens, full of alarm and suspicion, seized her ard put her under ar- restas aspy. Shesentreated her captors to take her to the noarest soldier station. The day she was arrested I was at Boise Cit The colonel iu command at the front tel graphed the facts to me there, and then asked permission to send Sarab to the Indians krown to bo at Sten Mountain. Sarab had confidently declared ‘that her fatber, the old chiof, her brothers and Laran would not go to war, and that she could and would briug them and her people straight to us, I repliod, *Let ler go and try." So, Sarah, woman: as she was, and for a long time more accastomed to civilized than 30 life, took for companions two ndly Piutes, our trusty guides, and sot out with them on hovseback for a ride of over 100 miles through an uninhabitable, desolate lava country, to reach the famous Indian camp, Tn three days sho roturned, bringing only Oeetah and ono of the Piute guides. A first she wopt hysterically, sobbing that her heart was broken, and that everything, evecything, was lost ! Later, refreshed by a supper and a cup of coffee, sho told her story to the officer in com- mand: “You know, colonel, when I left you threo days ago—woll, I rodd on without resting at all till T eameo t0 the foot of the mountain, [ kept tho guides back and went myself to the steep path. ‘Then I saw one of my.people, & Piuto boy, one | coud trust. 6 answered my call and came to me. *Go tell my father, and nobody else, that I am here and want to speak to biim,’ 1'said. In about half an nour Oectah and another girl, messengers from my father, came. Wo bunaled up wmy nicer things ana I put on a blavket and we went up tke stecps together like any otner squaws, Nobody recognized me except mem- vers of my fu @ few friends, A as going 01, 1 sat much. Egan was mad, yev he want war. The Shoshones declared that if he would not lead them they would keep him prisoner. My fathior and brothors spoise out for peace. Leigh had already gone. -~ He had run off with the Smith family, and the In- dians wero furious bout that. = Ihe lives of all the peace-men wero threatened. I saw my father and told him they would Kill bim. ‘That night my father, brother and about sev enty of my people slipped out and got down the wountain. As soon as we were clear of the foothills it was u race, for the Shoshones had discovered tho escapo and gave pursuit as quickly as they could look up their ponies and find the trail. But we beat. [ather and ¢ people ate at the creck avbout ten miles below here. His ponies could come no farther.” Suceh was the substance of Saral’s tale. She mourned for Egan and tho residue of the Piutes swallowed up by the war party, as if prominont & tho camp of ar, would stand Egan was over- [ with tho wouen "The old chief with nis soventy followors, men, women and children, came all right o our troops aud kent altogothor out of the de- structive war which foilowed. Wo took Oeotah and Sarah as guides and interpreters during our warchos through that vastand almost uninhabited territory where the shrowd warriors under Egan lea us a long chase. or Ezan suddenly gave up opposition and became the wav chief Ho would scutter his people like so many black- biras through the mountain fustnesses, tho woods and thickets to waylay us. = Wo beard of them just efter the Stein mountain council in the country to the south ot Cape Havoey, flying. all together to ncad off and feat i portion of our cavalr: 1 had, one day, to send a message to Hur- ney, then about one bundred miles distant. 1 told Sarah that ouc of my aides was going Lo Harney and that ho needed a guide. +Ob,” said shie, “Ocetah nnd me will go ! Tho ade and & corporal with these two fuides setout. They rested but once on the Whole hundrea-mile ride, then only for an hour, holding their - horses by the laviats all the while to let threm nibble at the bunch srass. ¥ ihving obtaimed the important nows that a battle was alreadygoing ou beyoad Harney the party turaca back the next day and mot us o the roud, as yet forty miles from tho post Ocetah wedgo tent to of their own suddles and by and Sarah_always had a_small themselves. ‘They took care ponics, putting on them tho dies in the morning and un sudaling und picketing them after the day’s warch, Sarab frequentiy helpza at the cooking and Ocetan ut the tablo setting, and the two added not a little to our comtort una style ut leadquarters. vone time, a: we were in_hot pursuit, wo came upon i poorold woman, who had be come 100 worn to keep pace wilth her veople She bad hidden herself under aa old, decay- ing 1oz, crowded her small_body'into a hollow beneath one end. Sho kepi so close that it was only by accident that her hiding place was discovered. Shoe was a mere skeleton und 1n o starving con- dition. ‘Tnough she knew that sho not live loug, still she was terrified av the sight of white men, we would tortue or kill ner. To’ her as- tonishment she was taken up with cave, lifted upon a horse and tied fast to the sud- dle. It was then led aloag gently to our cncampment. Sarah and Ocetah took her to theiv teat, wastied hor thoroughly, ve- placed her tattered garments by Some thines from their own scanty wardrobo and by what they could make up’ from blan kots; they gave her tea und food. How happy she becnme! Her tongue was un- loosed and sho opened to Sarab all her beart. Oacetah behaved towards her like a grand- daughter. At last we ourselves came to battle, Oeetah had ridden on ahead, heard tho firing, trned her horso and flew back o me, crying ey citediy: *Taey pight in de mountain? Dey Wt dure When we camo near the battle ground I noticed the difforence between the two In- dian girls. Sarab becime much distrubed and talked in hizn tones. Oeetah was silent and vory sud, After'some time, later in was bronght that o Umatil name, had proved treacherous to iho Piutes, for whom ho hiad been figuting, and that ho nad killed By, Uis Was more than poor Oeetali could Sno cried bitterly and loug. Kven Sa 10080 heurt was against those who wont Lo war, felt a strong sym pathy for Egan. Sho said, bitterly, “Tno | old Tooat deccived my people. Ha Lives, but Egan, the good, the brave, 1s slain. Pedce came in the fall. ' Leigh met again his beloved Ocetah at Camp Haruey whero the prisoners were collected fora tima, Ho | made with his peoplo the loag winter marcn of 300 miles to the Yakima [ went out tomeet them at one of their camps en route, Ocetah and Sarah wero both there It was @ cold, snowy, muddy encampment, and the picture of the balf-clud, shivering beings, trying to warm themselyes over mis evablo smokes mada by the damp wood wis & painful sight, But I noticed that Oectal was warmly clad. She had good moceasins, u flunnel dross and a thick, red blanket. Sho smiled ploasantly as sho shook my hand and sald, “Ocetah well and gooq,’ ning and happy.” So she was. Leigh lools proud, as Surab introduced him to me ho thanked me and il who were witn 1 our kindness to ‘bis wifo aud sister during the troubles. the war, news , Umapine by ah, AP k Van Houten's Gocoa—Sead for a can. advts A Remarkab e Carcer. The most remarkat the history of the Unite of John Qliney Adams forty-eight yours und years in tho diplomitic sorvice us tor to Russia, Petssin and the N lands, five yoarsas senator, ¢ as secrotary of stato, four yeur dent and sixteenas a vepresen congress. officiu 1 Stites was that It exte embraced (i carcor in ided over riit yeurs wive in iR The groat Europaan expiiithns have awarded the premium to Cook's Hxtra Dry Imperial Chamwpagne for boguet. NOVEMBER 15, 1801-TWENTY PAGE South 15th Street, Between Farnam and Douglas, We Admittedly do the Largest and I ) . . o Best Tailoring Busi- nessin the World. And it has not come to us by accident. We are quite willing to tell you how. 1. We aimed at the outset to make garments that would please the wearer—and thus multiply . We drew the line clear and sharp at small profits; we knew we could get along with a small profit and big business; a small business we can’t. Our present business is over a mil- lion a year and growing every day. 3. We were soon able to buy woolens and trimmings from first hands, and today the best mills of America and Europe are glad to give us first choice and best prices. 4. We have always done (coatrary to the rule) a strictly cash tailoring business, thus saving to our customers the extra price necessarily charged by credit tailors, and at once gained to ourselves the approvai and trade of all sensible men. Although without a peer in the clothes-making world, we are too shrewd notto do our We invite you today to examine our splendid assortment of over 2,000 fabrics and the best tailoring to order resources. s to order, from $20 to $60. Overcoats to order, $18 to $60. Full Dress suits to order, $30 to $60 Trou-ers to order, from §5 to $15. our Scotch Cheviots for comfort, style, and service at home or abroad. Mail order department for non-residents. All measures recorded and kept. NICOLL the TAILOR. 207 S. 15th St,, between Farnam and Douglas, Drs.BETTS & BETTS PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS and SPECIALISTS, 1409 DOUGLAS ST., OMAHA, NEBRASKA. LITERARY NOGES. 1 the streams, little or bi Indinns ovinced an uwe for him st of their meeting; taey did not seem to understand how it was thut man could so quickly absorb all thav they had to teach. Thomas A. Edison will-be an figure as long as ho 10 for November his home and homo described and illustrated. Division Lino” is u western story by Thomas Prank C. Drake, editor of the butes a story “Dinner with Wine for I'ne enormous demand for the oxhausted an cdition of the Octover number within ays of pulicat on, and especially the laree sale of the railroad edition, has improvement welcomed by all its reader. urgo type has been greatly increased, and the November number finds the medium’ and small sizes of type relegated to the twenty or thirty last pages of the magazine, Licuteuant Schy of Wesleyan univer- 10 uneusiness enough for Prof.,W. C. Atwa about theve being people who may ov cle in the Centur, iuterasting expo Lo gives the resultof an recently made in his and_was brought from the atore of Long Island Sound. To divest it of mighit use for food except the sand itself, it 15 carefully washed with wate put into glass jars d and minute quantities of chemical . Montfort. to a heighth of peas of the sorl of a garden close by, reached a height of GRIk (e G ‘o proportion Second was King” llustrated articlo i setting forth the man days of hooped skirts and ku Coleman, the enaiwman of the Prancisco Vigilance committee: inan_account of their i which he has written for the November s 10 the recent lynching at New Orieans, and tells what he thinks the peoplo we done under the samo circumstances. They would have organize e, ho says, lormed a judge and selected . analyzed it ors and customs of tho tells in St. Nicholas nber of **A Dast with Dogs for Lify » a record breaking slod rogions to rescue a lost sailor. Miss Amelin B. Edwards says that the sc- cret of success i the writ bo sumwea up in a single Office houra from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m, from 10 a. m. to 1 p. m. Bpecialists in Chronic, Nervous, 8kin and Blood in tha Arcti of California wou w7~ Consultation at office or by mail fros, Mdicines went by mnil or express, socurely packed, frea from: obsorvation, curo quickly, safely and permanently. oly and favorably known epeciale ists in the United Rtates. Their long experience, and_universal soccess in th treatmant and cura of Norvous, Chronic and Su gical Disansos, entitle theso en to the full confidence of tho afilicted ovorywhore. They guaranteo: A CERTAIN AND POSITIVE CURE for th awful affocts of onrly vico and tho wamerous ovils that follow 1n it train, BLOOD AND BKIN DISEASES spoadily, compiotly and pormanontly cazed. NERVOUS DEBILITY AND S8EXJAL DIS- ORDERS yiold readily to thoir skillful treat- PILES, FISTULA ARD RECTAL \ 4.CER8 guarnnteed cured without pain or datention from business. HYDROCELE AND VARICOCELE perma. nently and successfully cured in every case, SYPHILIS, GONOKRIGA, GLEET, Sperma. imissions, Dacoyod Facultios, Fo ate disorders poculiar to v court, appointed | wpich is likely to attvact the most attention is probably the new novel, *Tho Nauluhka,” Wolcott Balestier, Gunfantoos ta carefully, put on trial tho people who had been discharged by the per- Jured juvy, given the accused and the benefiv would have executed those whom they found guilty. rto, of whom the “Americans are in- of what th ra Kinhing and dount, and finally remarkable skill deliberation and the sto collavoration, not ouly international in authorship by it opens on the bridge of an ir rigation diteh in o western state, and ut tho 1t there is already an indi- eno to India. Tho inent physicians Herald savs debted io him for muc about Canada,” will contribute ustive account of the of Canada” to the Dec Mr. Harte served p in Canadan journal- the tirst installm cation of & chang motive of the story is the quest of can, Nicholas Tarvin, fora c lacd of jowels which hangs round the neck of Rajputana, and sed to bring back to Mrs, order 1o obtain beealt of the town heis and Journalis New England Magazine. apprenticesh ism, and the article, which lustrated, will be thoroughly independent. One of the most interesting articles in the ines is Iravk B. Sanborn’s “Pne Homo and Haunts of Lowell,” in the sgland Magazine. un idol, in the province of which he has prom November maga It is announced that Mr. Howells’ new novel 1l not #o to the Harpers, custom with all that the nov for yoars past, Sunborn was timate trieud of Emer Tawihorne, Thoreau and Lowell. A prominent article in the October issue of Business descrives th essful weste makiug several ist has written but that it has boen of Philadel- Philadel- | W&\ ness and il dol oither anx positively curad, us well tionnl disordors that resuit from youthfal follies or the excess of mature Stricture ting, caustic or phna, and it wall be published in 15 oun distinctively for g manufacturin well known special ties, for which_they have customers in cvery state 1n the union, who have no bound their accounting is accurato 1o the highest staadard of doublo entr 5 into details, describes the system, 1d shows the mochun Guaranteed permanently cured wval complote, Dr. Bivney eures catareh, MOORE'S TREE OF LIFE t o moments pain or TO YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED MEN A Sure Cure wenknoss, deatroying el its dreadod ills, permane Drs. Betts the forms, o ical applianc I awful offoots + A Picturoof Civitization which brings at the Close of the Ninetcenth Century,” i the titlo of a new Gorman work teanslation of which will shortly be by Bonjamin Tucker of Boston. is u porsonal friead of the author, John Honry Mackay, who stands in the front r Address thoso who have impars od themsolves by impr dulgenco and solitary habits, which body, unfitting them for business, ¢ MARRIED MEN, or thosa entering on_that book, uuder the veil of fiction, his own happy life, awaro of physical debility, quickly elopment to his present position Land exoistic ani §97"Bond 6 cants postago for eelcbrated works on Chronic, Nervous nnd “Thousands cured, that of a philoso) The scene is cafalzar square, the misery of the the Chicago exccutions mie succession #9A friendly lotter or calf may save you futare saffering and shamo, anc yonrs to |ifo. 9 unless accompaniod by 4 conts in stamps. Addross, cr call on DRS. BETTS & BETTS, 1409 Douglas St., ONMAHA, - - NEBRASKA. graphically pictured in pano 0 lottor answer vead us follows : +0 flud a book called *Looking Back ward Bellamy ) formation about it vou will do mo a favor. ome doubts whetner thor aso tell mo,” is any such such an fnquiry tho Tennesse 10t excito surprisc from i famous and ' eucor curcd tn 2 days by the Prench Remody ves agniust and 1s abe Will refund lses stricturey v of honor 2 prophets are in th tho Influmed parts has written Border with Crook, iew of tho gr & entitled ¥On g this interasting or 2 for 8 per mall prepild miel & Lund, Omalia, B ONLY MEN; T0 WEAK MEN Decatur, Tl uls practico mareh all the members of ou FREE REMEDY, for years pi s and tendeucey to e of Life is the found that ga 1y recommend it ney trouble entire rell , facing sun Suffering from may be sutfering a podltiza oara tor fur, s olss WAL And all b o 0WLER, Mood, GUNSUme i 10 N 1 80 strong in 1y faith TTLES PUEEwith 3107 4sit Moo b L3 0o 4Past Lits Reudir! ERADICATOR 1have a positive standisg have bes Iu ity officacy, ¢ A VALUABLE feror who will send T, A Slocum, M. € d near the tr e nutives put the habits of tha tard « and the course and ge.ral chax Loward Moyers api | REATISE on t outh Omphia Blils Coauncil Bluds 151 Pearl Bty No ¥eo