Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, February 8, 1891, Page 12

THE OMAHA DAILY BEE EE PAGES IRRICATION IN NEBRASKA. It Interests All Olasses of Oitizens in Every fection of the Etate. POSSIBILITIES OF THE ARID REGION. Westcrn Nebraska Ccmpared with Western lowa—Settlement of Ne braska in the Last Ten Years and in the Next Ten ARTICLE VI Trrigation I8 the problem of Nebraska’ development, Ttis notalone the problem of a few starving homesteaders on the frontier. It should have the attention and support of every man and interest having anything at stake in the future of this state. In the last six months Nebraska has been the victim of a national advertisement of the wrong kind. Tt is now the interestof every body having his homo or capital here to wipe out the memory of last summer's catastropho with some grand achievement. The eastern public draws no nice distinctions between this and that section of Nebraska, 1t knows that a committee has been sent to Washing- ton to ask the national government for £1,000,000 for destitute scttlers in this state. There is not a railroad, banker, mer- chant or real estato speculator who is not al- most as much interested in the present effort to prevent a reeurrence of the drouth as the settlers in tho semb-arid region themselves Thus irmgation becomes 4 subject of vital intorest to the state, If 1t is so regarded it will be a success, as it already is in every state which has adopted it as a necessary means to successful agriculture There is another aspect in which irrigation 1s interesting to the state as a whold. This 1s tho fact that it will some day bo generally adopted between the Missourd viver and the 100th meridian, as well as to the west of that mystic line that is now supposed to mark the limits of the semiarid rogion. This, of course, 15 not & generally accepted theory, but it will be within the next ten years. When the arid region becomes fat and sleek with prosperity, when the demand for breadstuffs begins to crowd close upon the supply, when the east- ern farmer finds the products of his labor unable to compete as to quality and quantity with the irrigated products of western Ne- braska, of Wyoming, Colorado and Idaho, then we shall see the ditches creeping slowly e T e T eeeaef BOXBoTTE | 667 1 { 9,690 1iSKIRIDAR ‘l, H 1 1 —eeer KIMBALL ! 9¢2 ) e = e @ ooh @ CHASE | A ceqemeny 7 it didn't rain this year it cortainly would next year, The resalt has been that in the last decade the reglon west of the 100th meri- dian has increased (30 por cent in population, and that we have found out at last that irri- gation Is absolutely necessary to the retention of these settlers and the farther development of the stato In the presence of widespread distress we come at lastto the work of organizing a movement which was in the beginning the only means of making this region productive Tt has a rich soil, a delightful climate aand a charmingly picturesque landscaps, but all this counts for nothing without water, It1s interesting and important to consider the possibilities of this section when the missing link shall be supplied. I1L—WESTERN NEBRASKA AND WESTERN 10WA. 1t certainly requires little hardihood to say that the twenty-five counties in western N braska, if they can be made productive by irrigation, will be in time as populous and rich as twenty-five counties 1n western lowa. Western Towa 1s a rich country, but it would bear no comparison either in the value of its lands or the amount and quality of its pro- duets to the irrigated farms and ranches of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho and California. 1t does not, possess the wonder- ful climate and unclouded skies which make western Nebraska delightfal, All it has it s carned from a good soil, enriched by a fairly even rainfall and constant cultivation, and with good means of transportation. And yet it may serve to illustrate the possible future of western: Nebraska. In making up tho following tablo to ndi- cate the population of twenty-five counties in the extreme western portion of Iowa, those containing largo cities, such assWood- bury and Pottawattamie counties, are omitted. Nothing which has been acom- plished fn the following counties of Towa is impossible in western Nebraska it our people cease to pray for rain and begin to dig ditche Lyon. Sloux 5 O'Brien Plymouth 5 Osceoln ... .. Monoua .. Cly 1 rison Bu Milk Sae Frenont. Curroll Page. Audul; Montige Adam: Adui Outhrio ) rokee. i Vista. ‘These figures are from the census of 1850, Adding 20 per cent for the increase during the Iast ten years, which is a trifle less than the average in lowa during that period, we have a total of 878,067, which is nearly four times as many people as live in a similar dis- trict in western Nebraska. Figures are not at hand for a comparison of the aggregate CHERAY 420 ceqecsncn H 1 HOCKER | THOMAS § 7/ H \ T 7 HAYES [FRONTIER} 7 4§ WILLOW} 87593 7. AL P 227 and pressing necessity, not only because it will attract now capital and population, but because it will prevent, in a large degree, the loss of capital already invested and help to retain tho people already there, To develop the region for what it may hercafter become, is a duty to the state, To develop it for the sake of the menand women who are now struggling for existence on its rich but and ncres, is A duty to humanity, Both dutios are urgent, but one is sacred. Much more could be written of the possf bilitios of the arid region. It would boecasy to fortify these predictions with faots from tho history of similar regions in other states. Butit hardly scems necossary. It must b perfectly plain to every tninking man that irrigation is essential to prevent the prosent distress from becoming chronic, and to keep Nebraska moving along in the upward path. 1V~ IRRIGATION AND STATE DEVELOPMENT. On June 26, 1899, a large and enthusiastic convention, represonting every county, met in Omaha aud organized a state development so- clety. After oneor two futile attempts to get it on its feet, this organization rolied over and died. It was based on the waguo idoa that Nebraska onght to be doing something. It passed awrv because it had no specific thing to do. While, eertainly, no humane person would think of dragging this respeo ablesociety from its grave, it must still occur to those who have not forgotten the incident of its organization that tho time has come to do the work it meant to do. As has been said at the beginning of this article, irrigation is not anarrow scctional question, but the broadest and most preguant factor in the problem of stats de- velopment. ‘I'he resources of Nebraska are purcly agricultural. We have no mineral wealth to explore, no forests to how down, nor navigable rivers to improve. Manufact- uring will be a plant of slow growth, excent as it utilizes our agricultural products in making sugar, #tarch, linen, twine, glucose and similar articles, What, then, have weto dovelop except to make our rich acres capa- ble of sustaining the largest agricultural pop- ulation and thereby increasing the wealth of the people! Irrigation is the only means which can be used to this end. Look atit in another light. For the past ten years Nebraska has been competing with Kansas and Dakota for immigrants, Hence- forward she must enter another class, for in the next ten years Kansas and Dakota, un- less they join us in the present movement, cannot hope to compete with Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and Idaho in the matter of attracting new farmers. It must be remembered that Kansas and Dakota have been put before the eastern public in an unfavorable light in the last few , and tLat in the last few months Ne- SEMI-ARID REGION OF NEBRASKA. The white portion of the above map shows the section of the state west of the 100th Meridian, which {8 the scene of the present organized movement for irrigation. The figures represent the population by the eastward and ivrigation the favorite method of cultivating the soil. For these and many other reasons the wholesale merchant of Omaha is really as di- rectly intercsted in the present movement as the man who runs a store out on the west- ern plains aad eaters to a tradewhose pockets are as arid as their lands, L—THE PAST AND PRESENT OF TIE ARID RE- GI0N, The state of Nebraska scored a wonderful Increase in population during the decade be- Lween 1880 and 1890, Tt grew from 452,402 to 1,050,703, or 233 per cent. The semi-arid re- glon, however, far surpassed the general av erage prowth of thestate. It gained from 11,054 in 1580 to 102,813 in 1500, or 930 per cent, These facts are strikingly exhibited in the following table: 1800, 4,000 4,503 8,050 5,707 8471 R, 75 10,634 Dundy........ Ghgo. 72270 ayes. .. Hitoheod Frontler . Logan. Hhomas Hooker... Deuel. Cheyenno . Scott's Bluff, Hannor Kimball | Sherldan Hox Butte... . 2,000 2449 L T R T 102,813 ‘These figures do not do entire justice to Cheyenne, as it has been cut up into five counties since the census of 1580. In the sama way some of the counties get credit for a little more than their actual growth in the last ten years, as their entire pobuiation is put under the head of 1800, whereas they fig- ured as a part of the unorganized territory i the previous census. But as a whole the table is correct and bears marvelous, testi- mony to the growth of the arid region’ in the last ten years. And it is justhere that the important consideration comes in. Certain parts of this region have enjoyed a fair degree of prosperity. They have sup- ported a large numbor of stockmen, who Lave sharcd the varying fortunes of the Chicago market. They have built up several towns that havo at times enjoyed a precarl ous sort of prosperity. But in discussing irrigation wo are speak- ing of agriculture, pure and simple, and this has not been a profitable occupation, If it had been @ single blighting drouth, such as has been called to the attention of the world daring the past four months, would not have been followed by a cry of distress, The prosperous farmer can stand au occasional af- fliction, and it is because the farmers in the arid region are not and never have been pros- perous that they have been obliged to ask aid as the result of the total failure of their crops. Thus it is that the state is called upon to con- sider the future of the settlers in the arid re- glon as a problem of the most vital impor- tance to their happiness aud to its own repu- tation, In the past two years bhomesteaders have rushed to take up the vacant lands in the western half of Nebraska, Land speculators with more unagination than conscience, have assured shom that they nad ouly to tickle the prairlo with the plough to make it Liugh with abundant crops, The constant effort has been to hold up the delusion that the whole of Nebrasks lay ln the rain belt, and that if census, wealth, or wealth per capita, in the two sec- tions, but from the general character of the | | localities it is safe to say that if such a com- parison could be made it would be startling in ! its showing against Nebraska. | Ouosignificant fact can be noted by a | glance at the railrond map of the two states, | There are several counties in our arid region | which are not, penetrated by a single line of railroad. Each one of the Jowa counties named is gridironed with railroads. This is important as an inaication of the state of development which has been reached there and may be reached here. The object of this comparigon is not to show that Nebraska kas accomplished less than lowa, or less than she ought to. It is simply 10 point out what development still waits for our arid region, in the increase of population, of railroads and of general prosperity, if we can now relieve it from the disadvantages which bear it down. And it is plain that if it does no better than western’ lowa it will nearly quadruple its population, and increase its wealth, {ts railroads and its towns injru greater ratio. SSIBILITIES OF THE ARID REGION. Now let us consider what our arid region can become on the basis of these Iowa statis- tics, It is not pretended that every acre west of the 100th meridian is capable of irrigation. Much of it is sandy and fit only for grazing, or the cultivation of light crops. Not all of the rich soil can be reached by water without unreasonable expense, But by far tho larger portion can be made a most prosperous agri- cultural country and the waste places will serve admirably for stock. If & similar district in lowa, dependent wholly upon rainfall, can sustain a popula- tion of nearly 350,000 people, the arid region of Nebraska can readily sustain twice that number with irrigation. It is not unreasona- ble, therefore, to predict a growth in popula- tion fully equal to the lowa figures in the next ten years. In this connection it must be remembered that it is a somewhat onerous task to cultivate forty acres well with irri- gation, and that the profits of a farm of that size are fully equal to the earnings of 160 acres in Iowa, The governor of Towa recently stated ata ew York banquet that the farmers of his state had madeno money in the last five years, When the governor of Colovado, of Utah or California makes a similar remark about the farmer in his state it will be time to doubt the feasibility of irrigation. If, then, the energetic and enterprising wen of Nebraska can make the desert a gar- den and put prosperity where distress uow flourishes like a rank weed, ave there not un- told possibilities of growth in the next ten years! Shall weuot see the farmers multi- plied, old towns swelled in population and new towns springing up like magic from the | soill With this iucrease in population, shall we not have new lines of railway into Qis- tricts which now only catch a glimpse of the iron horse as he rushes breatblessly on his way from Boston to San Froucisco! In other western states, land has risen in value under irrigation from $1.25 to §25 per acre in remote districts, 0 per acre within a fair distauce of large citios and $10) per acre in their immediate vicinity. Sup- posing the western homesteader now holds bis desolate farm at 85 per acre and it rises with irrigation to &5, is not a vast sum thereby added to the wealth of the state, as well as to that of individualst It is unquestionable that a splendid devel- opment can be built up in the arid country, aud that it can be made the pride of the state in the next decade. But that is not the most urgent cousideration, Irrigation is great braska herself shared the ill fortune of her neighbors toa certain extent. In the meantime tho states to the west of us have been laying their foundations broad and deep. They have perfected their irriga- tion laws and demonstrated the success of this means of agriculture. Thay have edu- cated the investing public to believe that an irrigation fund is a safe property. The man who has sold his farm in Michigan, for in- stance, for #2 an acre and gone to Idaho to take up government land t #.25 an acre, has been able to get it under irrigation for % an_acre, which includes the purchase price. Ho has discovered that the Idaho property will pro- duce twice as much as the old home in Michigan, and the tide which in the past ten years has stopped on the prairies of Ne- braska will hereafter sween on to the newer counties which offer larger and more certain profits, Is it not plain that Nebraska slould get out of the Kansas and Dakota chxss and get into the Colorado and Idaho class in order to shake the odor of the farmer from her gar- ments and partake of the prestige of the lat- ter? If this 1s a correct view of the situation all citizens of Nebraska are equally interested in the irrigation movement, which comprehends at this moment the whole problem of our de- velopment, V.—THE PRESENT MOVEMENT. The present agitation has resulted in a compact and aggressive organization of the friends of irvigation. It is a clean-out and definite movement, aimiag at the sccomplish- ment of specific results, ‘en southwestern counties were organized at the convention at McCook. The remainder of the arid district spoke for 1tself through the convention at Sidney yesterday, The agi- tation will culminate in a state conven- tion at Lincoln mnext Weduesday, the 1. The purpose of these conventionsis to secure the enactment of the boest irrigation laws that can be dovised. Committees ap- pointed at McCook and Sidney are now draft- ing the measure. If the legislature acts promptly, the next thirty days will see the object of the movement in part accomplished. Then comes the camraign to terest capital —a branch of the subject which will be treated in these columns next weok. x 1M E, Sayrue, B Dr. Birney cures catarrh, Beo bldg. - She Weeps Glass Tears. The physicians and oculists of this city are greatly puzzled over the case of Jennio Sut- ton, says a Findlay, O,, dispatch, From the right eye of the girl fifty-four pieces of broken glass was taken by Dr. T. C. Tritch. These pieces of gluss have been coming from the eye of this girl for the last month, and only day before yesterday Dr. Tritch removed every evidonce of glass iu the eye and an- nounced that all were taken out. She came back and had fifty-four more pleces removed and yet mo one zlmwn how they came into the eye. The girl is a domestic in the family of ex-County Sur- veyor Stringfellow, whose wife has been taking these particlés of glass from the girl's oye for a mouth past, but becoming alarmed at their reappearance almost as soon as re- moved, had Dr- Tritch undertake to cure tho young woman of her peculiar affliction. The case puzzles the doctor quite as much as it does the girl and her emplovers, as she met with no accident by whmg the glass could get into the eye; and the fact that the parti- cles give her little or no pain is equally as in- explicable. It is estimated that over one hundred pieces of glass have beeu taken from the eye since the case first attracted atten- ton.” The ouly theory thus far advanced to explain the matter is that the girl has some sort of a chemical nature and that the crys- tals are formed by her tears. AN INTERESTING ~ TREATISE. 1him Ona Qnutionv' of Vital Importance to all Clitizens. A FACTOR IN *FINANCIAL DEPRESSIONS. Old Line Lifs tnsurance in Phases—Facts and Figures in Redundant Quan- i tities. Fditor OMARA Darny Ber: As a subseriber journal, and as acitizen of imonwenlth, pormit me to thank you for the publication of the article in your issue o8 January ¥ Centiviea, T Featuro of Life Tnsurance Poliol really refreshing to no hat sald artiel ontributed by no loss an authority than t renowned Jacol) L. Gre president of that famous Institutlc Conpecticut Mutual Lifo Tnsu a good omen for public newspaper ke its valuable spa Why? 15 dry and mean actuaries and 1k ek d to 1t A <o many imagine ita subject t tolife insurince nts But sucli an inpression 18 n g r. That thers aro intricate problems underiyine the foundation of such nsuran, seno dubs “investment policies,” “honls,” “eonsols,” ete., there can he no dlspute, yet that there should be any mystery or misunderstunding In the minds of people of oven ordiniry intelligenes as to the system and overatioy of stralght lezitimate 1te insurance s a_mystery of mysteries, and there would be nonb wero 1 not the sotieltors too often resort to mystifying statements in order to cover uj the defects in the plans of their respeetive companics. 1t s a substantial factor in the growing in- te \ to that at no period of our e { taken the decided interest in life insurance that they do today. This isas it should be, Or 10 trust or corporation of any character an securo so thoroughly and practically an efficient competeney! to n man's family ipon 80 small un annual outlay as a sound, relinble lifo insu compuny 18 enibled to grant. Owinz to the numerous sufe- guard surrounding the Interests of policy-holders —in = our life insurance corporations, by state lozislative enactments, 1t i fair to assert (oxeluding certain co-opera tive and assestnent associations) that o busi- nessman cannot err inpatronizing the duly chartered life insurance companies and asso- clations of this country, so fur as their ability £oes, 10 pe and enrry out to the letter the conditions stipulated and named in _each ol Aight 1ife insurance. Wherein, the 1 need 1o exer- clse precaution (o use lother they are contributing toy much money for the com= potency named? CAN THE PRENIUMS BE REDUCED which level orold line life insurance charge their policy holde aard and protect t those Institutions? is o vital question to ever, policy holder in these United States, and, In deed y politie of the w X 10f time those conpanies have domin business of lite undorwriting, and at premium rates: absolutely profiigate In character. 1t not so. how couli they have 1 wed such enormously expensive establishments. with vresidents, many of whom roceive more salary per annum than the president of the United States. Would you, sir, have a fow facts and figures for your consideration and thatof your renders? Seleeting u limtied number of tho old line or le @ con panies, it will be found that in a few years they have collectod from their policy holders the fabulous sum of over #00.00),000 over a above the amount necessary for annu protection. It fs mot unfrequently he caso that at certain perlods there I8 business depression ana contraction of the money market, may not this system be a most potent factor in superinducing such depressions. 1IN THE YEAR 1830 twenty-six of thesc “old line life Insurance compinies did Dusiness in Nebraska. The collected from citizens of the state (thefr polioy holders) Sxa.03. This Tarze sum, nearly threo quartors of a million dollars, was sentout of Nebraska and intomost of the Atlantic states. A natural question would be what percentage of this sum puld back into the state, 1o tho estate and devisee the policy holders of said twenty-six promium or old Line:companies, only $170, sho that the premiumsthey collected and ok awuy from Nebraska exceeded the denth mis by §55%,55.07, being over $00,000 In - one singlo yeur, 18 it then not hgh time for our Dusinoss mon to wike up wate this hue financial monste its vietims under the guiso of protecting the widow and orphan; against the prematire deeny of their bread winner? The Hon. John K. Tarbox,lato insurance commiss of the stute of Massachusetts. # gontieman of Ilarge financiil experience and an_actusry of distinguished rominenc i traly said: less i wople in the Uniced old style life insur- 0, and yot wo ple now than zes of lifo people, se. by i wnation of X n, and all the while th insurance hive been urzed upon with great labor and wt vast exp numerous army of skilled and able advoetes, by the sunsive press, i strun; public influenco. The ple want 1ife insurance. This is testified by the fact that within 4 fow years. and with searcely an effort, voluntary “nssoctations for lifo Insurance 'have organized througl ut the country, and iy obtainoe & membership largely in excess of that of thelife companivs. Forsome reason the old system. cxcellont aithouzh T holieve it to beunder proper administration and laws, has failed to win the confidence and satisty the needs of the public. “1f that plan of insurance Is to hold the fleld in the future it must adjust itself to modern nditions. The conclusion 1s. that the accumulation of a life company, by exictions from its policy holders, of a fund incapable of ultimate dis- tribution to the persons whose contributions create It. In excess of tho arr ount which the 1aw, the prineiples of the system and the his- tory of every well oraered Institution of Tite insurance in the country us sufficlent to assure the full’ acconplisiment of its con- tracts, is not justified by any pradent reason, and Is an injustice to the ingured publie the Tuw should redress, “Such a surplus serves no and 18 a perpetual temptati ness, speculation and corra agement of the corporatio %o it will ho scen that the able Tarbox could sco no good or wise purpose in taking from policy holders sums so lurzely in excess of ab- solute needs. - What will ultiinately becomeof nearly 2300,000,000. called “surplus,” Sreserve, now held by old line companies in this cou try alone? Who contributed thismoney? T whom_d tfully belong? Are policy holders who read this arviclo willing to have their paym; nfiseated to poster- ity and pass into t s of strnngers? But you ask, sir, what there s better to offer than the style of insurance condemnod by President Jucob L, Grecne in his ticl th 5 of Insurance hercin unfa y spoken of by this contributor? Mr. Greene condemns Investment and specu- lative life insurance. This writer also casts Lis vote ngainst such Insurance as being ous to policy holders, holding contracts predicated upon such methods be- cnuse of such system being permoated with i ary mofives of n most pernicious chur- acter. But while the undersigned s not backward In " denouncing investment and speculutive life insurance, ho is also strongly opposed to the systom established by Tevel prem fum or so-called old line 1ifo insuranco companies, not alone for the unnecessary ex- travagance of the system, but the f; 1ts excessive resorv element. Bear fn mind \ZURLO “OXCUSEIY element" this atonee admits thit th e realizes the neceslty of some “reserve. Most cortainly, because the foundhtin of all legitimate lif arance, must and does provide for an ad te provision against the increasing r by year, owing to the ady in ubership, and without some ros 1L it by whit » you w urplus fu ney fund, or guarcntes fund” the prineiple, w I ngoafor such a fund 1 1ite Insaranco Is none the less patent aad requisite, indeed por- petual prosperity is wot possible without such afund. In the enrlier years of the so-called level premium or ald, Ifnu life Insurance com- panies they estabilghl a system of “loading" oradding 10 the natgral premium (by which lutter Is meant the suh necessary o pay cur- ront death losses year by year a | or- centage for what they then and since called sroserve.” | Notwighwanding experience hus proven to_ those old Line companies that their loading” for reseréd 1s oo large, and burdensame for the 'folicy holders, ye cling to the systom. With ull the tenacity of a vulture, [again quote from the Hon. John K. Tarbox. He says, speaking against the ox- 0UssI Ve reserves o premium or old line life insurance compunivs: “THE CONCLUSION 18 that the aecunulation of a life company by exactions from its polioy holders, of a fund incapable of ultimate distribution to the per- sons whose contrihutions ereate it, in excess of the amount which the law, the principles of the aysten, and tho bistory of overy well ordered Institution of life insurance fn tho country vouch as sufelent to o he full aceomplishment of its contracts, 13 not justi- fied by any pradent reason. and is an | 10 the Insired publi I Does the excossive the level premium system con roduetion of present or future payments? Does it during the lifeof a polley holder, or any time. in whole or in_part, revert .to his use, or cun 1t bo used in payment of Lo LET THE TESTIMONY of the following eminent actunrles answer in thelr own Inngunge: “The reserve can bo used for no purgose whatever, while the original peo- iogitimate use, 0 to wasteful- fon in the man- 1 ite 0y all its | oy 18 In foroe, save oF, consult accumulation.”—M, g nctunry and compller of sms of Life [nsurance.” bo fact 18 the reserve s sinpiy and purely osit, belonging for life or death t) leposftor, and having no more real con- tlon with the insurance risk than a corres- Hng deposit in i bank across the street would have."=kmory MeClintock, actiary utual life Insurance company, New York: argest old line 1ife corporation in world, No'part of the reservo can bo ussd to pay & death clnim on any pollcy save the one’ to Which it bolongs. any more than a bank of de- posit can llHl' the funds of one dep: va'wr :l‘ [3 Its losses to an ther.” N Willlars, actuary 2 T uthorities here quot guin urged th lovel p lne companies, to change thelrplans with ref- erence to the roserve ele hut they will not linrken to any overtu ify their methods, unt time as the ble with-hold their petronage and ther a reduction of the present rates of from rird to fifty per cont. fdent Greene In his article company chirges for investment policles, age. thirty andamount of policy 10000, a8 boing $% per annin for twenty yenrs, He dovs not furnish therate i his company for ordinary straight 1ite policlos for same n and amount, but the writer can supply the information, it would be B2N50 por and as every premium pald 1nto M. Groone's compiny or lnto any ot Iovel premium compiny is divided fnto or ap- portioned into threeo eloments, [t way be in- teresting here (0 aduco a small TANLE SHOWING THE ELEMENTS Combined In making up the gross premiom, charged by level premium or old line com- panies, upon $1.000 insurance at different ages: Ago Moriality Expense Reserve | Gross lor ) from, have thne promium_or old quotes the o of their ] TABLE SHOWINC combined in making charged by natur; Ordinarit i 3,60 THE ELEMENTS Ip gross premiums um companie with natural premium two eloments in ¢ expense and mortuary o snt. but for a falr compari- son, throe clements are hore exhibited: Emergen- Gross oy fund Pre Eloment. miv 3.41 15 447 16 ponse T irers 3688 45.65 Here the reader will notice: 1. That both tables provide for the Same anount, 4t sume age, for mortality clement, henee tho natural premium. systom exacts ‘the same amount rom the insured for paying doath claims as does the level or old Hing compantes: Indecd the mortality element in both eases atural prenifum, and any amount char in excessof the natural pr view some other fac In the frrst table above will be that at age add for expense #1580 and at ace irinations unron- and if practiced by unt or firm would be termed dis- sonablo any mer honest. DOES IT COST MORE TO WRITE policies for men at age 40 thaj 10 6) than at aze 407 Certainl level premium system charges the man at age 40 for expense element ) 81,010, for the same service porformed for .68 4t uge ,and the man at age 60 to contribute 22,18 per ench $1.000, While tho man at age 30 gets off by paying only #6.49. Contrast this feature with the same efement In natural pre- mlum companies. The | g the same per cach 3,000 at all age: #.00 per thou- sund, and why any more? It hus been found by experience that $1.00 per thousand 1s su clent to defray all logitimate E 8 and that It costs no more to transact busi ness for o man at age 45 Vhan 1t does for & max not. ow to the reserve oremergency alement 1t will be noticed that at ali s, the level premium or old line companies hive their in- surod contribute t0 thut, clement moro than twice the amount that the natural premium comipanies require tholr poliey holders t0 piy: AlLof which 18 #ross injustice, because thit SUCH UNDECASSITY 0XACLIONS 0 F6 NOT WATELN - od uni oxperiende has broven the fallacy of the system and yet, it so farhas not been rem- ediod by those fovel premium or o1d ine com- panics. Tho natural premium companies find that fhe londingadded to the natural prenii- um for expense and_emergoncy. element, are not only ampie but do admit of returms t theit poiicy holders, In - the way Of dividends, cash surrender values, continua- tion of policles under certan conditions with- out'furthor payment, and many othor adinir- able fuatures. * Natural promium companles hotd the respective amou contributed b, policy holdors us saered £or the ind ivid buting same and abno tme 13 it i to posterity to pass into the hunds BUT MR, GREENE In hisarticlerefers to the cost of a $10,000 potie; at tho of thirty in oneof those premium companies, us being $96.00 per nury for 20 y and'should the insured agre in his applic all his savings and intercst carning ng the r poriod sich companies — have estiniated that at the ond of sal period rs) tho poliey mizhtbe worth $70 whieh would (If realized) be e ulvalent 1o com pounding the insured’s paymonts ut4.92 per cont. Mr. Greene cortalily deserves grout credit for his honesty, for while president of one of those old line or level promium com- panies, and one to. which has, and doce suek policies and eontracts s yet ho frankly and manly. and ove siznature Informs the ublic that no earnings huye been made as those estimat and that in the nature of things, suc talked of ang boa estimations asto owrn- ings can not he realized now or in the future But suppose Mr. Graene's own words be ai- lowed to speak for themselves, he asks in his fclo herein alluded to and referrins to panies, writing such n- mont or speculative policie “HOW MUCH CAN THEY Do? These compagies under present conditions can_ hardly hope to decrease their expense account or to earn m than 5 per eent | thelr assets for the next twenty y that they a cortain to earn that 1 v of premiu; of Interest for ex- i and providing for expected losses, the resultat the end of the “Investment period” would be just $10.£17, In ad of the estimated $17,000, & shrinkago of $.24, o result not equul to the premiums compounded atl per cent. In what sense can this be caled a profitable in- vestment for one's seif? How ean any purely finanelal oper:tion—ons that is not manu- fucturing, mining or otherwise productive business ndventure—that has to bear such an expense account, be considered s u profitable investment? How can they make up the shrinkagze of #6,26. to realizo which would re- hem not only to do business without pense at all, Dutalsoto e for twenty ater rate or interest than they onable hope of doing? unfortunate and unjust for of insurance is the forfeity of all oarfiings and savings 1o 1he cstat the insured should he die prior to the invest- ment period. Forthe bencfit of ustration, be it known that under sucha form of policy, should the insured die prior o theend of nd thereby his polley + claim. the level premium or ofd 1ine companies would only pay its face valne, and uli the savines and earnings Lelonging to te policy of the d tor If such savins into the thousands of dollars. BUT SUPPOSE THE MAN, age thirty, has used his 8403 difforently— had he put $165 of the amount into a natural premium insurance company, and continued 0 pay same to such & company for twenty oars he would be insured all the time for 10,0 0. Then assume that the mun pay the bal of the e per annum Into an investment company, vi; 41 he could get a guaran his 83Jf paid annually for compoundoed at 6 por cent nterest would the end of 20 years equal $1 gother with i participation in t the investment company qu croase the 3LL006.63 at lonst 1ld the future carnings equal oven er cent of past experience. Should any reader doubt this statement he Is invited to call and interview the writer for further in- formation and proofs. THEREFORE IT 18 APPARENT that aman Is much better off tobuy his nite insur pure and straizht and avoid ull problematical and investment f he wishes endowments, anouitie ment features, put his money into substan; porations having and owning re us the basis of security)and organiz investments, )thor contrast between named is, that the mal mfums § ars would ho which 06,05 L0~ nings of likely to_in 000 or #5,000 ho two methods fes bt v ing pall the level or old pald to his es- mpanie divided his tate simply #10,000; but if he had 2106 por annum’ as above recommended, then the natural premium company would pay to his estate #00,030 plus the poreentaze of the emergency fund to the credlt of his poliey ut the time of his death. and the investment company would pay to his estite sixteen times #4i1 com pounded av_6 per cont. interest, which would equal $0.007.50, 50 it will be seon how much bottor off w man is If he divides his money a8 herein indieated, for at the end of the sixteenth annual payment should he aving invested fn the level or old iine panies his estate would get simiply $10,00 while by dividing his nnnuai contribution b tween ~ the Natural Premlum e ny and tl would rece percuntaze in t nd of th nth year, plus his p o of the carulugs Gver the 6 per cemt | wador the compound Interest in thoe Investment ecom pany. Where Is the level premium, old llne company or any other plan or style of iite in- SuUra pany thut can make such a show- ing, 0 approach (t? 1f any doubt the possIbility of what Is herein st undersigned or address him for further formation and proof HUT KUPVOSE THE COST OF 410,00 ordinary life Insuran ono of theso level i oF panfes be contrasted with the o nmount and samo age Mo nat mpany. © R 50 | tin nataral p m until end of e thirty in {no coni- t for sunie 1 premium the i\ in prem| ng il nee from tho rof Kl In tvor ot tho pany gain, analyzing the potent tactorsof each prew lum they would stand as follow, (U0 a v anjmaa enuu 8 hE T $50.30 804,90 88 5030 40.00 44, vel Premium Co, Nutural Premium Co. Balance In fayorof Nat. Premium ¢ Now put the 84 sd 0 the natural premium company into an investment company for thirty-four years assuming that the man lives to the end « his expectancy) and nt interest would amon s hisshareor percent- d above the 6 per cont, Amount to at least § 0.+ O, Judging from past experience. But the old line or level prow lum compuny eries out, What about our dividends? Allright. yourdive ds dld you suy? Well the teem Is o mis- nomer. Yousimply return a portion of the CXCOSSIVO premium you exaet from your pols fey holders each year, and such return you 1 dividend. Yet for your benefit let it be agreed that you do pay dividends, would your so-called diyvidends | thirty-four years ag- groxate the'sum heroln shown in favor ot the Natlonal premium compiny? You know that it would not got to within a respectable dis- tance of sime. Now, rofeering buck to the state before muc Thatt twent, s which did business in and did collect from P sum o of §7N500, nly $170,175 o beon showing 1ent horel love their policy hold but during the [ ctness of such u e to the ineomo and dishurso- ments of said twenty-six old e compinioes, upon the eround tnit erod it was not given for the amounts disbursed as dividends. matured endowments und surrender values, and they would, and dogo so far, as to assume that thoso Tatter items were in excess of their death Tosses, but so far have not furmished ny authentic statement to prove the wild as- sertion. IN “LIFE INSURANCR RATES," A work compiled by the Spectator company Now York, Duge thirty-wo, o find an’ oo hibit (No. 24,) of paymeénts to poliey holders of the forty-nine old'line companies doing husi- ness in the Unlted States, for 1550, whioh sots forth the following, paid for: Death claims Matureaondowments and aniutic Lapsed, surrendered and purch 44,866,68, 10,551,065 vd o 12420,28 L 1130.508 nts 10 polley holders 8,004,524 rent that the denthclaims are { total dishursoments o policy” holders. but, presumie that sueh pay- ments equal deuth claims paid, then it would still be true that the p fums collected in Nebraska in 1880 #72550) we more than twice the amount of ‘denth_cluims paid, sich an amount equaling but FH0H50. Suppose 10 percent of the income, or #7250, be added fo expenses, still the total disburs 8 10 Ne- braska policy holders of these line or level premiam companies during 1850 could scrocated than B14200 upon income o showing tha ing full allow f dis- ther noces- sty exuctiuns, ved at from their 0 18, eyidences the fact_heroinbetoro that the level premium or old line “com panies did. in 185, nd do so continue o colieet from Nebraska policy holders, & Sum annually, lurgely in ex- coss of a just and equitable amount: SUT THONE (OMPANTES INFORM Nebraska citizons that their business in the state Is new and heace the necessity to carry a large amount_of the premiums to the re serve deposit. Now, thisls one of the very ctors which the writer and all natural premium advoentes disprove and declare un- essary, and in support of such a position, tuke the mount of insvtance | 1880 and sce wLich the public stan elr approval < apport, T lowing figures ure from The Spee plintions: nsuranco in policios .. .. pividends 10 policy Noidors. Total pay m Hore 1t 18 apyi Targely In excoss ator com- forco i natural premium companios in 180 ,564,925,742 Insurancein foree inlevel premiu COMPANIES IS0 ..o oeoeees 130,721,063 In favor of the natural premium Systen......... s 80,424,004,670 It must iiso bo remembored that the lovel premium companies have been credited with writing business ever since I8E3, while the natural preminm companies have operated in_this country only twenty yours. Why this large preponderence of public sup- port given to this new system? Hore again, ot statistles furnish the evidence. In the level premiuu compinies we find that using the figures for the year 1w Gross InCome. ... ... A 3176,25,708 Totul payment 0’ policy Tolders, 775 Total amountof over payments .. 64, 150,2 And thissur 804, 18,259 their poliey holders pald in exe OUNLS Decossiry (0 uy their death dividends, surron- der values and all items of to policy holders. being either co ned in expenses or deposited Lo the eredite Hat it cludmed that th tial to the p ulty of thel witl eredit them with the inerease in rescrve In 180 over 1880, which we find to be $10,450,548, 1d still they have $4600,7%, which niust ve been used only for expenses in 1880 by these level premium companies, In comparison lot us look ut the figures of the natural premium companies for the same ca 'heir gross Income was. Total piuyment to policy ho'der Gssen- ) we 200,104,183 17,008,108 X vients serve ‘otal anount of ove o in assetsi or Actual expense cost.... 8o fu 15 evident that tie love panies in 180, with 30,:21,060 0f busi- ness on their quiired " for - ex- pense solely, whil the natural premiim with double the business | uired a littlo aniount for expenses, viz: M2, But the “old liners" furtho: olicy-nolders grow older, the mortaiity nerease. o GHOFMOUS TCSCEVE Cro= ated by U ol pi um sy ste st be se- cured to meet such inercase. We hold t such large exactions for the Feserve elenent is sssary. bociuse buta small percentage of orizinal policy-holders ever become n elul against the company, and that by the infu- ston of new blood the mortality ratio need not be materially 1 sed. This has been sutisfuetorily demonstrated by the natural premivim sys! In support of this proposi= tion let us adduce u table pre red in 16, giving the mortality ratio t your of thir- teen of the older ievel premium companies: Number ot deaths per 1,000, 15,24 14 10,46 New York Life ... 46 Conneetlent Mutiual 2 enn. Mutunl, ... (] 1 Bt 1 1 > than Name. e, Massuchusetts Mutual . Equitable Now York il Washington_Lito ... 1 Home Life, New York 1 Average Here it is de tduring a from their showl, hirty-se cles which could possibly effe tality, the rlally ptwithstunding that co necticat Mutual 1ly stood still, during the least, not having s naw business to keep its morttdly ratio on o level, are included. hut look utthe Mutual of New York, the oldest of them all, with Its forty=five vears of experi- ence. and il mortality ratio of only 81824 por #1000 of insurance i fo nd In at the Now York Life with its forty-two years of ex- verionce and only #1046 per $.000, and the fquitable of New York with twenty-clght yeurs und hut HL4S per 3100 Now we ask the level promium or old line ipunies Is there a sinsle natural premium ipany operating on o tabular rate busls which could 1 paid U of any one of the above named 5 panics, through all thelr expe at the present natural preniium rates. and lave n ort a sufticiont. surpl tical needs? But necessary, they say, because they aro ing lossen, Well, The Lquitable of New York iness I [N, U5 Iast Foport was 50, Just thirty years after. How Listory? Sinew (L began busine ten and pl pon its hooks S LI of business. of which it had December 51, 150, a ittle more than one-third, or &31,0,0,00 fn force, having lost by death. lapsés, ot most a biliion of doilars of buslness in amount AL TISK, DUt how was [ts reserve affocte this lapse forfeivure? How much of it was net- unlly nsed to pay surrender velues, death claling, ete, as claimed. Starting ‘with o little ‘more’ than #,00 of business In 1560, we notiee a graduul incrense in ¢ risk untiiin 187 iU reachea 11t began_ Lo grow less until A fallen to 00,000, but, note t) box i in with pital we find 16 hs incrensod 1t5 ussots 1L I INT3 1t possessel & W, s the unt of lisu ni tho next five y evel prewmlum systom was ade In bout Its has writ- com= , oallonthe | _ | posed atmost whotty of reservos, and re arves Are neoossary 1o retorn o Clnimants, elther at doath or surronder of thoir pol cquitanle amount, so it 18 falr to p I the loss of neirly £30,000,000 of | | five years, from I8 X cortal | tlom ot thio rosery nulation would but, note the_ nssets clatimed duriy Having €2.7%204 § 18 8 of the business written, we fi ¥ with over $105,000,000 0f s ulited attor paying every lability In full, enormons expense ratios, and in the short period Of thirty yoars, NO, Mt EDITOR, you eannot point to any other logitimate bus. noss, sk lation nded with 1 oxactiess upon o basls which fon of human 1ifo as its founda- hyou ean point to s having nt- d anything like such results? s it any that when sucn conditions are nirod, radvocntes rise up in righteous indfgn: toprotect and foster this “goose whicth Iny s sich goiden eggst” o What wonder then that the Hon. John K. Tarbox, Iate insurance of Mussachusotts, assertod Tatare of s stn beloro Iuture of his state that fon (referring to suel nnneeded 1 0TV funde, of wmutual 1ite compuny by oxaetion from fis palieyholdors, of 4 fun: ulbimnte disCeibution’ to the persons whose acceuniulations eros it, is not justified by any pradent roason, and’ 15 an injustico t the Insured public, the laws shou Tross, From Spoctator statistles wo (10 1870 the lovel premium o with pollcios, nggregiting & thoy wrote 13112 poll DU BHLS 14,000, In foree in the Tob- Togis- 1l on the the n nou That in 1870 they had | nited States” amount | EL023.880,005, distributed among 747,807 holders, while in IS8 their business Aime territory nmoynted 1o only #1.07 A distributed umong TIL604 policyholders. rosi- fents of the U nflod States. Wik not e Tarbox warranted in saying in 1887, “that a less number of people in' the United States are insured o the old Hine conpanies today than fn 1870." Hut considerablo notse Is i about the loans made by old lne or companies Itizens of Nebraska. WHILOE cannot estimate to what 1oans uro being mide, but cort such loans are Vo o T In it fsthat ol gotintod tavorably for the companies muking them, sothat all sentiment tdire On amounts to nothing, wing that, the premium or old 1| 08 havealways been happy in statls. his article closes b RIving one more m Spe mpl on for thele tabulicte psults of Awmerican old ran ompanies from thelr com- Docernbor, 18 tal receipts . ments 1 policy holdore Excess fncome.. 5 L ELON.OTS IS Assetson hand. .. o 002,280 0 Used tor ox ponse L B DITE05, ttor, under the system for'wh your contributor contends (natural premfuimn system], at loast $500,00,000 0f this fncome would ha o3, s that system level premiun reserve less tham one-third forex pen Syatom oxacts, D ionTook may doeide. like robher Respe Your tted. G, CoLAMBERT, assichusetts Benofit saders DOES YOUR PERSONAL APPEARANCE INTEREST YOU? It s0, read this. 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