Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, September 1, 1889, Page 11

e T AR L Bl 731 - Wil 0 THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1880—TWENTY-FOUR PAGES. ALT, TITRED OUT R From the Depressing Effect of the Changing Season, or by Hard Work and Worry---You Need the Toning, Building Up, Nerve-strengthening Effect of HOOD'S SARSAPARILLA. ‘Will give you a feeling of health and strength again. 1 Pl e Bl s Bl HOOD’S SARSAPARILLA is sold by all druggists. C. 1. HOOD & GOMPANY, | i f 1, Headach, Prepared by ki, E Lowell, Mass, JUPITER WILL HIDE HIS FAGE. An Astronomical Phenomenon to be ‘Witnessed in Omaha. BEHIND THE BEAMING MOON. The Great Planet and His Glittering Train of Obiequious Satellites One by One Will Pass From Sight. A Celestial Panorama. Tuesday, the 8d inst., at 8 p. m., the citi- zens of Omaha may feast their eyes upon a rare astronomical phenomenon* Anyone who has occasionally glanced heav- enward on a clear night must have seen a brilliant star in the southeastern sky. Just st dusk it makes its first appearance, and as night advances and darkuess covers the land its clear light makes it a conspicuous and beautiful object to benold. Even the bright- est of its companion stars seem dim beside its spurklivg briliancy. A casual observer must have noticed that each night its position was higher in the heaven than when first ob- sorved, A eloser scrutiny, however, will re- veal another and more interesting fact. Each star in the “Great Bear,” for iustance, al- ways holds the same relative position it held years ago, when as children, this brilliant constellation was pointed out to us as the “Big Dipper,” aud now, as then, tho two largest stars in the cup of the “Dipper” poiat out with unerring accuracy to the mar- iner's great guide, the North star. ‘This beautiful star, however, is not gov- erned by the common law that determines the positions of other stars. It moves about among its companions us if on a visit of in- spoction. and completes its tour of the heay- ens in about eighteen years, On account of this wandering about through space, it is called a planet, and is known as Jupiter. It is tho largest planet in our solur system, Its diameter is about 80,000 miles, it weighs twice as much as the total weight of all the other plauets, and the volume of its sphere is more than 1,300 times the volume of ‘‘this great world of ours.” 1ts speed in revolving about its axis is marvelous; for, while our earth completes its day in twenty-four hours, Jupiter complotes its day in ten hours. By reason of this rapid motion, the clouds on its surface are thrown into pavallel lines above its equator, and, like huge girdles, com- pletely encircle the planet, These clouds are distinctly visiblo through & moderate- sized, but well defining telescope, and are known as the *‘Belts of Jupiter,” The dis- tance of the planet from us at present is over five hundred millions of miles, Our earth, which is also & planet, has but one moon to accompany it, us a faithful sa- telhite, in its lonely way about the sun. Jupiter, however, is accompanied b; moons, or satellites, and the solar an; eclipses visible from its surface are every- day ocourreuces oven iu its short day of ten ‘These eclipses are also visible from the earth, and, 8 it requires only & small laaribe £ 2000 ‘Gharniniass to revem thaie Ppresence, this planet has ever been one of the Mmost interesting sights in the heavens. Auy- one who has had the good fortune of looking At the planet through the large telescope of Creighton collego observatory, will recall these facts with pleasure. flie four satel. lites. or moons, of Jupiter are constantly and rapidly changing their positious, at one time disappearing in the .K"mw of the great auet, only shortly o reappear with seewm- hilg’mn-wud spléndor; at another, passing d and then in front of the disk: and in each of these two positions as offectually lost 20 view as if thoy wore complotely annihilatod, Ll:g: telescopos will even show the shadow of the moon moving across the disk, when mmwn passes between the planct and the ‘The moons of Jupiter cau readily be found and identified, since all four are generally on Same straight line passing through Ao center of the planet, Ou Tuesday even- four lunar ingat twenty minutes to 8, the moons will have the exact positions given in the dia- gram: AT 1 O 4o 2 The small circle represents the planet, the dots are the moons, the figures 1, 2, 8, 4, are the numbers of the moons. No. 1 is nearest the planet in actual distance, and No. 4 the most remote. although, owing to the per- spective, No. 4 at times appears nearer than 0. L. The moons move towards the num- bers, heuce if we look at Jupiter after the instant given above (7:40 p. m.), No. 1 will have moved nearer to the planet's disk and towards the west, while numbers 4 and 2 will also have approached the disk but towards the east, and number 3 will have moved away to the west. It will be of in- terest to know that No. 1 completes a revo- lution about the planet in 1 day and 18 hours: No. 2 in 8 duys and 13 hours; No. 8 in 7 days and 4 hours, and No. 4 in 16 days and 18 hours, while our moon requires 203 days to complete a lunar month. The phenomenon which we will have the pleasure of witnessing on Tuesday evening (if the weather permit), is the disappearance of this great planet bebind our moon, It will remain hidden from our view for one hour and a quarter. In astronomical lan- guage this phenomenon is styled an occulta- tion of Jupiter. The moon is our nearest celestial neighbor, and yet her distance from us is 240,000 miles. This distance will certainly appear small when we compara it with the millions of miles through which the planets and the fixed stars transmit their light to us, It is, in fact, n distance only ten times around the eartn, and many an engineer and conductor during their service on our railroad trains have run that distance. The sun is 400 times as far away and 70,000,000 times as large as the moon, and yet on account of her closer proximity to the earth the moon seems to be of the same size as the sun. While the moon hurries on her way among the stars she is continually intercepting the light from some of thew just as effectunlly a8 @ person would do if he passed between us and a row of lights. The lights would successively disappear for a time proportion- ate to his speed, and then veappear. Thi called occuiting, dariening or inter tho light of a distant body. Occultations, eclipses and transits are three terms whicn mean essentially the same thing, and any difference that may exist is solely due to the apparent size of the bodies. This phenome- non occurs when two heavenly bodies are in the same straight Jine with our position on the earth, If the nearer one 1s the greater we say there is an occultation of the farther one. Thus we havé occultations of stars and planets by the moon, and sometimes, though very rarely, occultations of stars by planets, If both bodies are about the same size, or if one enters the strong shadow of the other 8o as to lose its own light and dis- appear from view, the phenomenon is called an eclipse, such as the eclipses of the sun by the moon and of the moon by the earth. o5 WEST Lastly, if the nearer body be 80 small = that it cannot hide the light of the larger, and appears only asa small spotubon its disc, there is a transit, suchas the transits of Ve- nus and Mercury across the disc of the sun. All these various phenomena of occuljations, eclipses and trausits are continually shown by the moons of Jupiter, and a few hours of patient observation, sometimes even a few minutes, will be amply repaid by the sight rovealed to our eyes. Aunother world will be laid open to our gaze, and we can see with what faithful accuracy the satellites revolve around tho central planet obedient to the laws which the creator nas fixed for them, and which He alone can ever change. Ju- piter and his moons are as complete a system in themselves as the solar system of sun and the attendant planets. No wonder then, that as soon as the telescope of Galileo dis- covered the wonderful harmony of the Jovian ystem, the true coustruction of the solar system and the law which ruled its every wmotion, could not remain unknown and sealed to thinking minds. The American Ephemeris gives the follow- ing times of the phases of the satellites of Jupiter: September 8, 20h 23m p. w,, T Tr. in, 11h 87m p. m., I sh. in. September 4, 12b 89m a. ., I Tr, Eg. 1b 55m a. m., I Sh. Eg. 80 4m a m., IV Oc, Dis. In. means in- gress; Sh. meansshadow; Eg. means egress; | Oc. meaus occultation ; Dis. means disapp ance: Re. means reappearance: KEc. means eclipse. The times are given in central standard time. But, to return to the occultation of Tues- day night. In the beginning of this article weo said that the phenomenon was a rare one, and this will be evident from what fol- lows. The moon’s orbit is gradually shift- ing, 8o that she never returns to exactly the same place, but 18 moving farther and far- ther from it at each revolution around the earth, until after about nineteen years the orbit is restored to its former position. Its motion 1s very like screw-threading, and owing to this fact her lower limb first grazes the upper limb of the sun. Then at the next revolution she descends and hides a small portion of the sun’s disk, causing a partial eclipse, Gradually the eclipses be- come greater and finally total, after which they begin to decrease and the cycle is at an end. This celebrated eclipse-period was discovered by the Arabian astronomers and called the Saros. A siwilar cycle applies to the stars occulted by the moon, for as re- marked above, an eclipse of the sun is es- sentially an occultation by the moon. But while the occultation period of the stars is even more regular than that of the sun, that of the planets become very complicated on account of their seemingly erratic motions, The planets, as seen from the sun, remain always in the same plane, and always move in the same direction, but from a traveling observatory like the earth we see— “Their wandering course now high, now low, then hid, R Progressive, retrograde, or standing still.” Whilo the moun advances on its ever- shifting orbit, the planets perform their ap- parently most lawless cvolutions, and al- though the moon may happen to occult them npw, & long time may elapse before the sighu may present itself ngain. Taking into ac- count in our calculations the chances of the weather and the unequal 0dds of having the occultation in the daytime or below our Lorizon, we have reason to wonaer at the rare spectacle in store for us on Tucsday uiznt, Twelve times this year Jupiter is occulted by the moon, but the phenomenon scurs above the horizon of Omaha only twice. The first time was March 24, at sun- rise, but the occultatiou was not visible on ount of the sun’s brightness. The only chance remaining is Tuesday nizht; the hour 18 & convenient one, the moon is not too bright, and 1f only the sky bo cloar, all other chancés are in our favor, i cross the meridun, as seen in above, we shall have little dificulty in know- ing where to expect-the pianet to emerge from behind the disk. It is clear that sucn Drecautions are not necessary for the immer- siou, Jupiter's diameter is about one-fiftieth that of the moon. The planet will disappear behind the dark edge of the moon at about nine minutes after 8 and romain hidden until about twenty-one minutes after 9. Af, this latter instant a sharp look-out will be neces- sary to separate it from the moon’s bright limb. The disappearance will be gradual, because Jupiter, unlike a first magnitude star, is not a mere point but presents a disk of considerable size, oven in @ small tele- scope. Gradually, then, it will fade from our sight, and its brightness will be missed in tho sky. ' In a telescope the sight will be superb. About twelve minutes beforo the planet hides itself behind the invisible dark edge of our moon, the moon No. 3 will disappear so suddenly as almost to startle one who wit- nesses the immersion for tho first time. Five minutes later moon No. 2 will_share the fate of its companion, only to_be followed after five minutes by No, 4. Then the invisiblo and opaque veil of the moon will begin work on the great. planet 1tself, and after a min- ute’s struggle its light, t0o, will be removed from our gaze, leaying usonly moon No. 8 for two short minutes. Then the last trace of the prand Jovian system will be completely lost to our view. Though hidden to our eyes for & time, they are beam- ing as brightly as ever to the telescopes of Mexico, the West Indies and all of South America; and if we patiently wait for an hourand @ quarter we, too, shall see the giant planet again as he omerges with undi- minished splendor from the obstacle that shut out his light from our admiring eyes. The large diagram given' reprosents the earth as seen from Jupiter at the mo- ment of occultation. The earth is tilted at angle of 234 degrees, with the south pole well in_view, The uppermost curved line on the terrestrial globe shows the path pur- sued by Omaha across the earth’s disc. The upper smail circle in the moon, and the long straight line is the path of its centre, The marks on this straight line represent the distance run by the moon in one hour, The meridians on the earth are also an hour apart. The instant that Jupiter appears to Omaha, that same instant Omaha crosses the central meridian, as gees from Jupiter, What we therefore call un occultation of Jupiter by the moon, is called by the inhabitants of Jupiter, if vhere be any, an occultation of Omaha’ by the moon, or, rather, as both carth and moon appear smaller than Jupiter THE MOON'S DISC AND JUPITER'S APPARENT PATH BEHIND IT. The smaller of the two diagrams given in this article will give us all the details neces- sary for enjoyiug sorare a sight. The circle represonts the moon as it would bo seen when full, but_as the moon will be but 1} days past the first quarter, a little over half its disc will be illuminated, and our imaginu- tion must supply what is wantiog to com- plete the full circlo. This is rathor an ad- ventage, because the plauet will disappear at the dark limb of the moon where the glare will not fatigue our eyes. The four points marked N. 8. E. W. are the cardinal poiuts of thediso. Since the celestial meridians become more inclined as they approach the horizon, the north point of the moon will also incline from the vertical. The point marked A will be uppermost at the beginning, aud the point B at the end of the occultation. 1f we hold the paper in such & manuer that B will be [ does to our eyes, and as both on that night appear somewhat _crescog-shaped, like our moon when about six day's old, the astrono- mers of Jupiter would have thé superb and maguiticent sight of two_small crescents ap- proaching, touching and separating, a sight superior to our view of Jupiter's satellites which never appear as_ crescents. 1'he curved line runniog up and down very nearly through the middle of both earth and moon, 18 the sunset line, sep- srating day from nignt. The sun Is away to the left, and heunce the portious to the left of the line have day, while the rest bave night. Omaha will be on the central meridian at 24 minutes past 7, and at the same instant the woon’s center will be at the place marked O on its own orbit. Remembering, then, that the marks on the moon's path and the meridians on the earth THE BARTIL AS SEEN FROM JUPITER AT ) MINUTES AFTER 8 P, M., TRAL TIME, OMANA DISAPPEARING BEHIND THE MOON'S DARK EASTERN EDGE. are one hour apart, we can easily find the positions of the moon aud of Omaha at any given time. From a diagram simiiar to the one given, the times of disappcarance and of reappearance of Omaha s seen from Jupiter, or of Jupiter as seen from Omaha, bave been found to be as given above—that is, at 9 minutes past 8 and at 21 minvtes past 9 o’clock. An exhaustive investigation of the dia- gram given would answer_all tho questions that could be asked on the subject. We will pomt out only a fow and with them bring our vaper to i close. Everything will convince us that i! eleven occultations out of twelve this year are 1ost to us, this only re- maining one shares some of tho hazards of the others, Woe see, in the first place, how high the moon passes above the earth’s disc, and to what small portion of the world the occultation is visible atall. Then, as the diagram gives us the positio of the moon at the mnstant the occultation begins at Omaha, We see that the planet 1s disappearing at tho same instant at all the places in the United States and a very small portion of Mexico, | through which the right side of the moon’s circular disc is drawn, and reappearing at all places in the Pacilic ocean which aro to the left of the moon. Again we notico that Omaha 18 a little over an hour's distance from the sunset line, giving us tho time of sunset at Omaha at about 7 o'clock, and that the disuppearance or immersion, a8 it is called, of Jupiter must occur in San Fraucisco whilo the sun is still above the horizon. -The nmersion 1s there- fore invisible at that place, on account of the sunlight. Finally, thore is no occultation of Jupiter for any place south of the center of Mexico and for the whole of the castern hemisphere, in fact for all the worla except between tho 25th and 67th degrees of latitude and in the United States, 1t is to be hoped that the last danger, that of the weather, may also be safely averted, and that all things may couspire to_the suc- cessof a grand celestial spectacle, which may not occur again for decades of year: CREIGHTON COLLEGE OBSERVATORY, Sopt. Sunday news from Cincinnati: on the Rhine. Adam was the first man to be hung in f-i-g. A preachers’ trust is now talked of. No scandal in the choir has occurred for somo time. The couatry must be getting ull, Al quiet The clergyman doesn’t pay much attention to the stock exchange, but bLe is frequently *long in sermons. “We are all worms,” éxclaimed & preacher in his sermon. Little Bobby, who was fol- lowing the discourse attentively, whispered to his mother: *Then that's the reason why the great big fish swallowed Jonab, isn’t ity The congregation of the Evangelical church of Lansiug, Mich., is shocked at the news that its pastor, Rev. Frederick Mayer, has drawn a lottery prize of 5,000 Mr. Mayer bears the shock, it 1s neediess to suy, with great equaniinity, Sunday School Teacher—Now, Bobby, why did Moses strike the rock!' Hobby-- 'Cause he wanted water. “Well, we dou't have to knock on the rocks for water now, do we” “No, ma'am, but you have to knock three times for beer on Sunday,” In @ lecture in Kansas City, Robert Inger: soll, the infidel lecturer, in tryiog to explain his faith, said; “What'do 1°believe ini 1 believe in what I seo before me, in these 2,000 people at $1 o head.” was, without doubt, & bit of trath slipped out unawares. phibkad S S 1 believet Thay tha EDUCATIONAL. Harvard university expects 10 have a large entrance class this fall. The bequests to the schools of the country i]urilm the past year were up into the mil- ions. American colleges never were better pat- ronized and in more flourishing condition than they are to-day. Students who use tobacco in any form are denied admission to the Uuiversity of the Pacific at San Jose, Cal, I'he school of medicine of Boston university has_graduated 478 physicians, Nearly one- half of these are women, Victoria university is this year headed b, ® lady,Alice Crompton, of Manchester, stand- ing alone for first classical honors, During the recent commencement season the @ifts to colleges and other educational institutions amounted to nearly $3,000,000, 1t s stated in the Russian papers that new professionals in the Japanese, Corean and Hindustani lanpuages nave Leen founded at the University of St. Petersburg, and that the course of studies in these subjects will begin nexu session. SINGULARITIES, Mrs, Kesterson, of Fulton, Ky., has five sons, and the birthday of each is July 24. A toaastool three feet across and very beautifully colored was found in the wood# above Martin's Ferry recently. A queer animal, described as tween a kangaroo and a 'possum, tured by a York man the other day. A fish-hawk has_built its nest on a_chim noy on Jonathan Hoftman’s house, in Fishk ing Creek, Cape May county, New Jersey. On the arrival of a train at Derby, Enge 1and, the other day the wheel tapper found in the spring of a box & thrust’s nest full of eggs in procegs of ncubation, At Galveston recently a carpenter named Edward Johnson, whye fishing with an ordis nary hand line, caught a redfish weighing 100 pounds, It required the ussistance of two men to land the monster, A weeping peach tree is one of the curiosls osities of Denison, Tex. 1t is visited by many persons daily. At times a perfech mist or spray surrounds it. A number of supertitous persons think that spirits operd ate upon tho tree. Three sisters, all under fifteon years of age, in Missuri, weigh together 893 pounds. Lydia, thirteen years oid, is the heaviost, tipping the beam at 378 pounds, Two of thé trio buve six ingers on each hand and the samo number of toes on each foot. Thelr parents are of ordinary size. A queer freak of lightning occurred at Kirkwood, Ga., o few days ago. A young man naméd Guy was struck by lightnin and the shock wus so great that it tore th eyelets out of his shoes. Strange to say Mr. Guy was not injured beyond the shock of the stroke, and s as woll as over. A homeless dog in Stamford, Coun., has & habit of following baby carriages about town, as if to protect the innocent little ocous pants. The brute 1s0f a yellowish brown color, part shepherd, of medwum size, and willniot allow man or boy to touch him. AL he scems to want is a baby to guard, A good many of the shude treesin Port Jorvis, N. Y., seems w be in a_drooping cons dition, The Port Jervis Union says that most of the affected troos are in the jmmedis ate vicinity of electric lights, and suggests that the darkness of night is as nuuufiuw trecs for rest as it is to human beings. A very rare speciment of animal life was discovered_in Pennsylvania recently on the farm of Honry H. Davenport, father of Georgo H. Daveuport, of Meadville. Mr, Davenport st a trap for what he supposed t0 be & white skunk, and caught what turns out to be a genuine white woodchuck. i G U dd RELIGIOUS. cross bes Was cape Twelve hundred couverts have been baps tized in the Baptist mission in Russis the past two years. The mission is principally among the German colonists in south Russia, There Is also a successful mission in Rou manisand Bulgaria. Porsecution of dissenting christians seems to be increasing in all the countries of cens tral and eastern Burope. Their rapid pro- gross has alarmed the clergy of the estab- lished churches and they are putting forth every effort possible Lo suppress them, The appropriations of the American Bap- tist Missionary union for the year ending March 81, 1890, amount to $402,785,71, Much new work is provided for, and the schedule s wore nearly in accordance with the esti- mates from the missionarics thau for many years. ‘Ihe Roman Catholic bishop of Havana ap- pealed to the governor of the isiund to close the cemetery which the Baptists had opened in that city, but the governwent of Spain hus decided that the Baptists were acting age cording to the laws aud way have their place of burial, A new station on the upper Congo river bas been opened by the American Baptist * mission. It 18 170 miles above Stanley FPool, Lieutenant Taunt, United States commers cial agent on the Coungo, says this is the only mission on the river which hus besn successful, ¢ are forty-seven orgunizations en- gaged in the evangelizations of the Jews with 877 workers and 195 stations. At least 150 of the wissionaries ure converted Jews. A navigable channel has been discovered in the delta of the Zambezi river, southeast Africa, by which vessels can enter the main river. This will greatly facilitate the ud- vance of wissions and civilization in thut res glon,