Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 5, 1887, Page 4

l | :& THE DAILY BEE. "PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING. TERVE OF v = Duiiy Moeniag aition Brr, One Year For 8x Months ‘or Three Month: he Omaba Swnday Bie, mulied address, One Year. ... . v AMA OFPICE, NO. 014 AND KW YORK OFFICE, ROOM 0, ABHINGTON OFFICE, No. 615 CORRESPONDENCE! ANl eommunfeations rolating to nows and edi- toriul matter shouid bo addrossed to the Kl 70K OF THE DEr. BUSINRSS LETTRRS! nd remittanoes should be PUBLISHING COMPANY, hecks and postofice orders be made psyabie to the order of the company, THE BEE POBLISHIVG CONPANY, PROPRIETORS. E. ROSEWATER, Epiron THE DAILY BEE. Sworn Statement of Uirculation, Btate of Nebraski 58 County of Douglas, | Geo., {l. ‘I'zschuck, secretary of The Bee Publishing company, does solemnly swear that the actual circulation of the Daily Bee for the week ending July 1, 1887, was as follows: 5 une 20 Monday, June 27 Tuesday, june 8 Wednesday, Jun, Inumdn , June 80 riday, July 1. day, Average.. . Gro, 8. T UCK. Sworn to and subscribed in my presence this 2d day of July, A, D, 1887, N. P. FrIr, [SEA L. Notary Pubile. Btate of Nebraska, | oo Douglas County, § Geo. B. Tzschuck, belng first duly sworn, deposes and says that he Is secretary of The Bee Publishing company, that tlie_actual averago daily circulation of the Daily Bee for the month™ of July, 185, 12,314 copies; for August, 18, 12,454 copies; for Septem: T, 1856, or October, 1846, 12,940 coples’ November, 1585 3 coples; for December, 189, 1 for January 1887, 16,266 coples: for February. 1887, 14,198 coples; for March. 1887, 14,400 coples: for April, 1567, 14,510 copies; for May, , 14227 “coples; tor June 1887, 14,147 coples. Gro. B. Tz8CHUCK. Bubseribed and sworn to before me this 1st day ot July A, D., 1857, [SEAL Friw, Notary Public. YESTERDAY was a field day for the toy pistol. e—— Ex-SENATOR VAN WycCk's speech yes- terday drew thousand's of people to Waketield, EEE—— JOHN M. THURSTON has not been heard from, It is thought he is in pursuit of Quinn Bohannon. AxorHER Chicago boodler was sent to Jail for want of bail. Cook county is setting a good example to the world. AT Amboy, Ohio, Saturday night, 200 people were poisoned by eating ice cream. Will the young women of the period heed this timely warning? Tiie Woman's Christlan Temperance Union of Illinois proposes to prosecute all violators of the law which prohibits selling the vile and poisonous cigarette to children under sixteen years of age. In this work the women will accomplish great good, — Tae demonstration made by the work- ingmen of Omaha in their Fourth of July parade, has not only excelled every former display made in Omaha in point of numbers, but has created the most fa- vorable impression of the manly bearing and intelligence of Omaha's wage- workers, —— AND now it is usserted by the Spring- field (Mass.) Republican that the south- ‘western strike of Martin Ironsis charged for the death of another railroad man be- “sides Vice President Hoxie—namely that of Archibald A, Talmage, general mana- ger of the Wabash road, which happened in his car on the way from Kansas City to Toledo. The assumption that the south- ‘western railroad strike is responsible for the death of Hoxie and Talmage is baseless and absurd. The late Mr. Hoxie had been a physical wreck years before $he southwestern strike and Martin Irons oould hardly be held responsible for his diseased liver. Talmage was not the kind of a man to take a strike on the Wabnsh as seriously to heartas he would the insolvent condition of the road and the inability of its paymaster to cash tho ‘Wabash pay roll. The fact that he died suddenly in his car would indicate a stroke of apoplexy, brought on by a heavy dinner rather than mortal grief over a rairoad strike that happened more than twelve months ago. Martin Irons has a good many sins to atone for, but deaths trom Hoxie's torpid liver and Talmage's overdosed stomach ought not to be laid at his door. EEpE— THERE will undoubtedly be an effort made in the next congress to ourtail the powers of the secretary of tho treasurer, in so far as they permit him at will to use the treasury as a feeder to the money market. The action ot Secretary kair- child i anticipating the July interest, when a couple of weeks ago the stock speculation had brought about a currency stringency, has called attention to the broad possibilities connected with this power of the secretary. It is not ques- tioned that the action of Fairchild was prompted by the best of motives, but the opinion is expressed, and it has force, that the authority which gives one man under some conditions, not always diffi- cult of promotion, the absolute control of the money warket, is fraught with danger. There is obviously an enormous temptation in the possession of such power for a man who was not over- scrupulous where the promise of large gains for himself and friends was pre- sented. In collusion with a few of the wealthlest stock speculators, a secretary of the treasury having the vower to pour a flood of curpency into Wall street at any time could in one deal make millions for himself and his confederates. It is not a suflicient reply to this view that no secretary has abused or misap- plied this power. It is enough to show by argument that commends itself to reason that the power is capable of being abused, and wo do mot think anyone having the intelligence to understand the matter can doubr that this s s0. The financial officer of no other government has such nearly boundless authority as the secrotary of the treasury, and there s no reason to suppose the usefulness of that official would bo im- paired by curtailing bis powers in the tiroction noted. Under Inspiration from Union Pacific head quarters, an attempt is made by.the Omaha Republican to gloss . over and justify the dishonest methods and dis- criminating policy of the Union Pacific a3 . disclosed through the Pacific railway investigating commission, Ow- ing to the limited time aliowed the com- mission for its gigantic task, its inquiry was necessarily superficial: *What would require months of time, under the most favorable conditions, they were com- to attempt in ten days, with every conceivable obstacie thrown in their way. Important wite nessses were spirited away, prominent railroad officials kept out of their reach, and all sorts of pretexts were trumped up for failure to produce papers, youch- ers and documents bearing upon mys- terious disbursments and ques tionable transactions, The testimony taken and the facts and figures embodied in the Union Pacific rec- ords over-hanled, afford convincing proof that the affairsof the company have been managed with a reckless disregard of charter obligations, the rights of its patrons and the interest of the govern- ment, The rebate books of the company show that the drawbacks and rebates allowed the favored shippers and concerns in which the company's oflicers were per- sonully interested ran up into the mil- lions, while exorbitant and arbitrary tolls were exacted from all classes of shippers. It wa ablished by preponderance of proof that vast sums had been squan- dered by the managers for lobbying against state railway legislation, and candidates for the national legislature who were not disposed to approve the methods or support the policies of the road and there was an abundance of testimony to show that construction rings were orgamzed for the building of un- protitable extensions for the sole purpose of enriching the promoters and floating watered stocks. In the face of all this testimony we are told that the investigating co nmission has utterly failed to find a trace of job- bery, dishonesty or incompetency in the past management of the road, and that upon the closest scrutiny no ‘‘evidence was produced that Union Pacific money was improperly used to affect legislation in this state.” Now we should like to know whose money 1t was that John M, Thurston paid out to oilroom bummers and corrup- tionists during every session of the logis- lation in the last ten years? The legal expense accounts of the Union Pacitic show that Thurston has drawn large sums for ‘‘extra services” and ‘‘ex- penses” every time the legislature was in sesslon or a state convention was being held. Who pmd the whisk champagne and cigar bills of Vander- voort, Crawford, Gurley, Manchester and the halance of the oil room gang last winter? The corrupt manipulation of conven- tions and legislatures, whick is a matter of general notoriety, was, however, only an incidental feature of the odious meth- od of the Union Pacific management. Its policy toward Omaha and the people of Nebraska, which is praised and lauded as “liberal” by Mr. Kimball's mouth- piece, has been the greatest drawback to the growth of this city and development cf this state, Quite apart from the blow struck at Omaha's prosperity by Sydney Dillon’s attempt to build up a rival town across the river, the damaging delays and annoyances of the transfer and the highway robberies perpe- trated by the Union Pacific bridge monopoly, the land policy ot the road and the deliberate abandonment of Ne- braska for regions that promised a better field for exploiting the company to the construction ring, were responsible for a state of affairs that kept Omaha back of Kansas City, and left the larger half of Nebraska, north of the Platte, compara- tively a wilderness for many years. It was the iliberal land volicy of the Union Pacitic that made it possible for the Burlington road to almost monopolize 1mmigration south of the Platte for years. While the Union Pacific paid no attention whatever to the building up of its local commerce, and actually repelled settle- ment by exorbitant charges, its rival couraged local improvement along the line of its road by all the means at its command, While the Union Pacific was building branch lines through the Rocky mountain passes of Colorado, and ex- pending its surplus earnings on branch lines in [daho, Utah and Oregon, the Burlington and the Northwestorn roads were tapping the fertile valleys north of the Platte, which are and naturally would be tributary to the Union Pacific. 1t is an 1nsult to common 1n- telligence for any man or paper in Omaha to defend the policies which have crippled the company and retarded the material development of this city and state. The Next Celebration. The celebration of independence day throughout the country fulfilled the promise of being an exceptional demon- stration of popular and patriotic en- thusiasm. In all the large cities the peo- ple were alive to the demands of the oceusion, and everywhere the response was hearty, earnest and vigorous. Taking the country through, the Fourth of July has not been so well honored be- fore since the centennial anniyersary, and the local celebration of the day was certainly the most complete and satis- factory in the experience of this city. The next national celebration that will make a demand upon popular patriotism is the centenrvy of the federal constitu- tion, which it is proposed to commemo- rate in Philadelphia onthe 17th of Sep- tember next. The movement for this celebration was started by New Jersey, whose legislature appropriated a sum of money toward tho expenses. Several other states followed with similar action, including Pennsylvania, whose legiela- ture passed a bill appropriating $100,000, But owing to the failure of the revenue bill the measure making an appropria- tion for the celebration was vetoed by the governor. This forces the city of Philadelphia to assume the whole respon- sibility for making up the sum, and this it will undoubtedly do. The peparations have proceeded so far that the citizens and city goverment would hardly incur national re- proach by abandoning the un- dertaking now. Thereis no reason to doubt, therefore, that the celebration will be held. and that it will be made as complete and memorable as would be th oase were the state appropriation im- e newed by way of reimbursement. The agreement of the convention as- sembled in Philadelphia in 1887 on the form of constitution was reaclied on Sep- tember 17. The instrument, however, did not become eftective until tivo years later. The consummation of the work of the convention, over which Washington presided, was the outeome of a long ses- | sion, and is justly esteemed one of the yery greatest events of American history IToo M Pettifogging. One of our local cotemporaries prints o labored argument in support of the po- sition taken by the council,that the police commission cannot legally make an ap- pointment on the volice force, until the council has by ordinance, defined the qualifications of police officers and pa- trolmen, and prescribed their duties, ete. Such pettifogging will not bear logical discussion. It is an assumption that woula leave the entire control of the po- lice machinery in the hands of the coun- cilso long as the council may see fit to withhold or delay action on the rules and regulations governing tho police. In other words, if the police commission in powerless to make appointments or fill vacancies on the po- lice force, until after the council has passed an ordinance, prescribing the qualifications of policemen, and es- tablishing rules and regulations for their government, the commission is a dead letter, until the council infuses vitahty into it. Now if this be true with regard to the police, it must also be true as re- gards the fire department. The charter vests the fire and police commission with the sole power to appoint and remove oflicers and members of the five depart- ment. Suppose Jack Galligan and his assistants should take it into their heads to leave the seryice nobody could fill the wacancy. until after the council has passed an ordinance defining the qualfication of fire department officors. Such a position is untenable. We venture to predict that if a test case is made, the courts will hold that the fire and police commission have unrestricted control over the fire and police force. That they have the sole power to appoint or remove police- men or firemen, and that they have legally exercised their functions from the time they subscribed to their official oath, and filed it with the city clerk in accordance with the requirements of the charter, American Competition. An English economist of high stand- ing has recently made public his views on the United States as the great com- petitor of Great Britain in terms which are not reassuring to the manufacturers and producers of England. He has been able to fully satisfy his own mind that Great Britain is under disadvantages in fighting the commercial battle of lfe with its great and growing English- speaking rival that are quite as likely to grow as to dimmish as time advances, for the obvious reason that the deep- seated conservatism of the Eng- lish people renders changes from long-prevailing systems very slow. It will be instructive to note some of the chief advantages which in the view of this writer the Americans have over the people of the ‘“‘mother country,” One of these is the encouragement given by the American government to in- ventors, In Great Britain invention 18 vractically discouraged by the excessive demands of the government on inventors. Instead of paying $35 in total fees for a period of seventeen years, as in this coun- try, the British inventor has to pay the government about $750 in fees during a period of fourteen years for every single mvention patented and carried through to completion. Furthermore, the inven- tor is liable under the British law, if he happen to lack means, to carry on a contest in the courts, to have lis invention appropriated by any strong corporation which should take a fancy to it. Another ad. vantage of the American people is in the fact that they pay no imperial taxation. The writer makes the error in this con- nection of overlooking the excisese tax when he aflirms that the whole govern- ment and civil service expenditure of the United States is paid out of the import duties, but this mistake does not ma- terially affect the application of his argu- ment, Unnecessary and oppressive as much of our taxation unquestionably is, we have notan imperial drain upon us, and this unfortunately the English people are not likely soon to be relieved of, while the American people are pretty close to the time when the unnecessary demand upon them will be stopped. The effect of this will be to increase their advantage over the people of Great Britain. This very assurance should strengthen the sentiment here in favor of revenue re- form and reduction. Another important advantage with us is the fact that as a rule the farmers of America pay no rent for the land they till. The exactions of the land owners of Great Britain is a heavy burden upon the agricultural classes which would be a se- rious drawback even if, as in this country, good crops were the rulein Great Britain. But thev are in fact the oxception, so that deterioration has been for years the experience of the farmers of Great Britain. Other advant- ages are found in the rash natural resources of this country, the ample and complete means of transit, the system of public education, and the relatively bet- ter condition, both as to employment and compensation of labor in all depart- ments. This happy situation of the United States, as described by an English writer, who will at least not be suspected of any desire to exaggerate advantages of this country to the derogation of his own, may properly enkindle the pride of the American citizen and reassure his antici- pations of the future of his country. But it ought to do something more, in a prac- tical dircetion. It ought to impress the odious truth that this country has been able to attain its advantageous position, notwithstanding the fact that its people having been re- quired to annually pay in taxation from $50,000,000 to $100,000,000 in excess of the needs of government relief from this needless exaction must necessarily en- large its advantages and make its po- sition stronger, Nothing can be more ceriain than that if the money taken from the people in excess of what is ne- cessary to wisely and eeconomically ad- minister the national government were left in their hands, to be employed as it would be in the work of material devel- opment, our adyantages would be in- creased, our progress would be more rapid, and our commercial position among the nations: would be made more secure. Toe Salvation army at Atlanta gave notice that they would have a grand parade on July 4, but the mayor of the city sat down upon them very violently by issuing an order to jail the entire army it they attempted to parade. He declares that the Salvation warriors are people whose sole: purpose 18 to get money without working for it, and that they are a disgrade to Atlanta. The citizens approve of his action, and . the chances are the Salvation army will be mustered out of service. And yet At- lanta 18 a prohibition town. If the Sal- vation army had been treated the same way in Omaha, what & howl of indigna- tion would have d. Cyrus W. FieLp is said to be up éa the top of his thirteen-story building, des- ping Jay Gould. This was a oase when thieves fell out, that the biggest rogue got the boot A CUBAN PLANTER'S TALE. Slavery Still Exists—The Tobacco and Sugar Product, . *'The people of Cuba,” said Frederick Neumann, a heavy Havana tobacconist, ¥ yesterday to a San Fran- iner representative who had called on him, “‘are in much the same position to Spain_that Ireland is to En- land, = All the offices are given out from Madrid, and everything the way of gov- ernment comes from Madrid, The peo- ple haven't a word to say. They don’t vote, except on city affairs, in Huvan and 'all matters relative to’ the general government are managed and run from Madrid. “All the oflices, even in the custom re filled with full-blooded Span- hipped over from Spain at the in- stigation the Spanish government, That’s why there is such enmity between the Cubans and the Spaniards.” Mr. Neumann had just arrived from Havana, and all these things were fresh in his mind. RUINOUS TAXES IN CUBA. ‘“‘Havana,”’ continued he, ‘‘has a popu- lation of very near 950,000, It has had very httle gre The taxes are too'high. Living is high, too, and many of the people live in Spain a good portion of the year. The government runs near- ly everytning. We have a population of not quite 1,500,000 in Cuba, and we are taxed §28,000,000. Not all this villainous tax is paid in, however, “I think the people should try Ireland’s [(:lun of getting home rule, but I don't now as it would do any good, though, if thoy did. No, L am not myself a nat. uralized citizen. I can get along a good deal better not to be. 1f U have any grievance then I call on the consul of my country—Germany—and the whole mat- ter is adjusted in shortorder, but if 1 was a Spamard and had a grievance, I might whistle before 1'd %ct any relief. No, I'm very well satisfied to be a foreigner, Inever knew but one foreigner to take out papers. They can all do better as stmple citizens of their own land and The chief exceutive of Cuba is ain general, apvointed from Madrid. He 1s General Emilio Calleja. TOBACCO ONLY HALFK A CROP. ““The tobacco erop in Cuba,'’ continued Mr. Neumann, *is quite poor this year. ‘There will not be much more than haif a crop. Bad weather and low prices have caused it. 'The total average yield per annum is from 500,000 to 600,000 bales, Of leaf tobacco wo usually produce each year about 850,000 bales. “We will have of this 180,000 to 200,080 bales. Allof the leaf tobaceo comes from the celebrated Vuelta Abaja district west of Havana. There is another kind of tobacco, not so fine in grade, called partido, which is also produ in this district, From this a luwer{fr e of cigars is made. There will probably be 40,000 bales of this to- bacco this year, Chroughout the eastern half of the nd we have many other grades of to- cco, but principally the remegdios to- bacco, which is mostly shipped to tho Umted States in leaf, and here mixed with the uative product. The lighter grades of it goto Germany, 'I'he Ameri- cans like strong tobacco,” “No tobacco 1s permitted to be im- ported into Havana at all, except from Costa Rica. American tobacco is ex- cluded from Cuba altogether. This is done on the ground of vrotection to home products and industries, There will be this year probably 50,000 bales of reme- dios tobacco, and say 40,000 bales of gibara, the latter of which is inferior,and goes to Germany and certain parts of Spain, “Tobaceo growing is a great industry 1 Cuba, but does not begin to approach the sugar mdustry, That is the great tning. B RUINS CANE SUGAR TRADE. se 600,000 tons of sugar a year, sometimes even more, and between 80 and 90 per cent of this goes to the United States. They are great buyers of our es, and pour an immense sum of money annually into our coffers. ‘Bt sugar just now, owing to the im- mensity of thé recent beet sugar industry in diflerent sections of Europe,1s very low. Itis only worth five reals for twea- ty-five pounds. A real is 12je. Some sugar is sold even lower than this. The drop in our sugar cane came first in 1878, Up to that time it was worth as high as ten reais. We used to send im- mense quantities of sugar to London and Glasgow, but the beet sugar product of Germany and other countries has killed our trade with England, ““The cane in Cuba is now produced by lessees or renters of land, called colo- nos. These raise the cane and soll to the owners of_the land, who nufacture it. They get $1,80 for an ox-cart load of 100 arrabas, or 2500 Spanish pounds, and these are about the >asthe American pounds, SLAVERY STILL EXISTS, ‘‘Although the last cargo of slaves reached Cuba in 1865, said Mr. Neu- mann, and ery has long since been prohibited, yet you can not say that it does not still' exist. . You can hardly say that it does, either, In many places, but down there owners ‘of big estates do as they please_when 'they can, and they often can, The Africans there are very ignorant, and away ‘off on the lonely plantations you can form idea yourseif what kind of a condltién of things exist. We don’t talk much about it. ‘‘We have a good deal of Chinese labor down there, too, on our sugar planta- tions. On the toh plantations we employ Can:\rx Islanders and Creoles almost altogether, =A- hand, when employed in the suga) ness, will get from $15 to 25 per mo;th CHIVAGO & NO| WSTERN R'Y Excursion to Chicago. #14.50 FOR ROUND TRIP, Commencing July 5 and continuing on sale to July 13 the Chicago & Northwest- arn railway will sell round trip tickets to teachers and all others who wish to take a trip to Chicago or points iu the east for 4.50 from Council Blufts to Chicago and return. Two through express trains run daily, leaving Omaha at 9:15 a. m, and 6:05 p. m., ranning lulnce sleeping and diniog cars. Ample accommoda- tions will be furnished for everyone. Re- sorve your sleor.ing car berths and se- cure your tickets at the Chicago & North- western ticket office, 1411 Farnam street. N. Bascock, Ceneral Western Agent. e _J. McDonuell. F. A. 1. A, Architect, N. E. cor. 15th and Dodge. Capt. Thomas W. Custor, Seventh cavalry, A RESUME OF INDIAN WARS ‘ Lattlo ot the Lite Big Torn, Montans, June Iuteresting Sketohes of Confliots Between Our Troops and the Aborigines. A LIST OF OFFICERS KILLED' Cluni's Indian Police—A Deadly Feund ~The Murder of Captain Craw- ford — The Memorable Mo- doc Campaign, The present scourges of the frontier are the Apache India and comprise the Gila river branch of the tribe, whose reservation, the San Carlos, is on the river of tho same name, but laid down on some maps as the San Francisco river, The Tonto Apaches on the Sierre de Mo- llon, are those from whose numbers General Crook enlisted his scouts, for warfare against the reservation Apaches, renegades 1m Chihuahua and Sonora. Since the annexation of the Apache ter- ritory to the United States, Mangas Col- orado, prior to 1863, and Cochise, prior to 1871, were the best known hostiles. About 1875 John P. Clum, United States Indian agent at San Carlos raser- vation, organized from his reservation Indians a band of armed men known as the Indian police. It was made their duty to keep withing the limits of the San Carlos reservation all of the Gila Avpaches belonging there. It was also made the duty of these Indian police to see that none of the Tonto Apaches, that is, the mountain Apaches, got on to the San Carlos reservation. So, at the same time, the United States government rec- ognized and paid the mountai under General Crook, whose busin was to hunt and kill the Gila Apaches; and also organized, armed and vaid the Gila Indian police for slaughtering the Tonto Apaches. The latter Indians were those who had refused to leave their homes in the Mogollon range, pre- forring to support themselves without annuities or gifts from the interior de- partment. As between the highlanders and lowlauders of Scotland in the days whereof Sir Walter Scott wrote, A DEADLY ¥ existed between these two banas. The Tonto scouts were distingmished by a band of red flannel wora around the fore- head and extending to the ground. General Crook believed, and still main- tains, that these Indion scouts were loyal and trustworthy. With only one or two subordinate ofticers, like Bourke, Schuyler, Randall and Crawford, e re- peatedly, and for weeks at a time, In- trusted his life to their keeping. They were faithful to him, General Crook succeeded 1n Arizona where General Stoneman had failed. He restored peace. The Indians trusted him and he trusted thom. After General Kautz was relieved from the commany of the de- partment of Arizons, General Wilcox was also displaced and General Miles assumed command, Meantime, the Apache scouts rebelled againsta com- mand of United States soldiers under General Carr, and murdered Captain Hentig, August 80, 1881. For this, “Dead Shot.” and *‘Corporal Tom,” tw mutineers, were legally hanged. General Miles’ policy is to place no reliance in Apache scouts, but trusts to troops in- stead. The death of Captain Crawford, January 18, 1836, when at the hands of a force of Apache scouts, at the head of a body of Mexican troops who affected to believe Crawford’s command a_band of hostiles, h in the recollection of all. The relief, at his own request. of Gen- eral Crook from the command of the de- partment of Arizona_and the assignment thereto of General Miles occasioned a change of policy as regarded_the use of Indian scouts. "On April 1, 1886, Lien- tenant General Sheridan wrote to Gen- B Crook referring to the “failure of oftensive campuigns with Indian scouts,”” and suggested the protection of settlers by the use of troops. Again, April 38, to General Miles, he said: ‘It is deemed advisable to suggest the necessity of making actiye and prominent use of the regular troops of your command.” The Apache scouts reterred to include those from several tribes who are bitter ene- mies of the Chiricahuas, such as the White Mountain, Tontos, Yumas, Mo- javes and San Carlos. The correspon- dence of Lieutenant C. B. Gatewood, Sixth eavalry, witk Mr. Herbert Welsh, cocresponding secretary Indian Rights association, throws much light upon this Itis often alleged that General sridan has said “‘the only good Apache he dead one.” NDIAN WARFARE. Subjoined is a list ot oflicers of the reg- ular army who have been killed or wounded in savage warfare _during twenty years. Thenumberis sufficiently large to warrant the question: “Cui Bono?' The list and date of death are as follows: Brig. Gen. E. R, 8. Canby, Lava Beds, April 11 Lient. Col, William H. Lewis, Nineteenth infantr Punished Woman’s fork,Kansas, Sept, 25, 1878, Lieut, Col. Ge alry, at battle of eor-e A. Custer, Seventh cav- the Little Big Horn, Mon- tana, June , 1870, Maj. Joel H. Elliott, Scventh cavalry, Jashita”river, Tudian "Territory, Nov. o7 568, Assistant, Surgeon Honjamin Teppan, Cottonwood Springs, Arizona, March 23, 1860, Capt. Ered H. Brown, Eighteenth Infan- try, Fort Puil Kearney, Dakots, Dec. ™ 1868, Capt. Willlam J. Fetterman, Twenty- seventh infantry, Fort Phil Kearney, Dec. 81, 1866, Second Lieut. Horatlo S. Bingham, Second cayalry, Fort Phil Kearney, Dec, 6, 1366, ecoud Lieut. George ' W. Grummond, clehteenth cavalry, Fort Phll Kearaey, Dee, A econd Lieut, Lyman 8. Kidder, Secona Iy, near Fort Wallace, Kansas, July, First Lieut. John C. Jenness, Twenty- lllmlul;ll‘y. near Fort Phil Kearney, A st 2, . First, Lieut. John Madigan, First cavalry, ) fork of Pitt river, Californla, Sept. 217, econd Lieut, Sigismund Sternberg, Twel ty-seventh infantry, Fort C, F. Smith, Mon- tana, August 1, 1567, Carl Louis M, Hamilton, Seventh cnvnlrg, Washita river, Indian Territory, Nov. 27, 1568, First Lieut. Fred H, Beecher, Third infan- try, Delaware creek, Kansas, Sept. 17, 16 Second Lieut. am | Jr. alry, near Lampasas, Tex First Lieut. Charles B. , alry, near Miner's Delight, Wyoming, May 4, 1870, First Lieut. Howard B, Cushing, 3d cav- alry, Whetstone mountains, Arizona, May 5, irst Lieut. Frank Yeaton, 5d cavalry, dled of wounds received in the same fight. First Lieut. Fred R. Vincent, 0l _cavalry, Howard’s wells, Texas, April 20, 157: First Lieut. Eben Crosby, 17th infantry, on survey of Northern Pacific raliroad, Ociober 5, 1872, Second Lieut. Reid T, Stewart, 5th cavnlg near Camp Crittenden, Arizona, Auzust 27, Capt. Evan _Thomas, 4th artillery. Lava Beds. April 26, 1573, ieut. Alblon Home, 4th artillery, Laya Beds, April 3, 1573, First Lieut, Arthur Cranston, 4th artillery, Lava Beds, April 26, 187 First Lieut. George M. Harris, 4th artillery, ied of wounds week after same tight. First Lieut. T. ¥. Wright, 12th infantry, Lava Beds, April 26, 1873, First Lieut. William L. Sherwood, 21st in- fantry, died of wounds inflicted by’ Modocs under ecover of flag of truce, Avril 11, 1573, First Lieut. Jacob Almy,' 5tn cavairy, San Carlos ageney, Arizona, May 23, 1 First Lieut. L. H. Kobinson, Fourteenth infantry, Cottonw creek, Washington territory, Feb, 9, 1574, Capt. Miles W. Keogh, Seventh cavalry, battle of the Little Big Horn, Montana, June , 1976, Cavt. George W. Yates, Seventh cayalry, battle of the Little Big ITorn, Montana, June d{l William W. Cooke. Sev- Little Big Horn, Montana, Tord, Little Blg Horn, Montana, June 26, First Bieut. Algernon Seventh cavalry, Little Biz Horn, . 1870, First Licut. David Mclntosh, Seventh cav- alty, Little Big Horn, June 2, 1570 First Licut. James Calhoun, Seventh cav- alry, Little Big Horn, June First Liout. James E. Porter, alry, Little Big Horn, Ju 1570, Second Lieut. Benjamin W, Hodgoon, Sev- enth mvnlrf. Little Big 1orn, June 26, 18576, Second Lieut, James G. Sturgls, Seventh cavalry, Little-Big Horn, June 25, 1876, Second Lieut. William Van W, Riley, Sev- enth cavalry, Little Big Horn, June 26, 1870, Second Lieut, John J. Crittenden, Twen- tietn infantry, Little Big Horn. June 25, 1876, Second Lieut. Henry M. Harrington, enth cavalry, Little Big Horn, June 1870, First Lieut. John A, McKinney, Fourth (l‘n\':un'. at Powder River, Wyoming, Noy. 2, 70 enth cavalr: June 25, 1 Asst. Surgeon George ¥ 0, sventh cav- 5 ov- 70, Capt, Owen Hale, Seventh cavalry, Snake niver, Montana, Sept, 50, 1877, Second Lieut.. J Willlam Biddle, Seventh cavalry, Snake river, Montana, Sept. 80, 1877, Capt. William_Logan, Seventh infantry, Big Hole Pass, Montana, Aug. 9, 1877, First Lieut. James I, Brodley, Seventh in- {antey, Big flolo Pass, Montans, Aug. 9, First Licut. William L, Enelish, Seventh Infantry, Big Lole Pass, Montand, Aug. 9, First Lieut. E, R. Theller, Twenty-first in!nnlry. White Bird creck, ldaho, June 17, Second Lieut. Sevier M. Rains, First cavalry, Craig's mountain, ldato. July 3, Bennett, Fiftho Infantry, at ‘ork mountain, Sept. 4, 1875, Maj. Thomas T. Thornburgh, Fourth in- fantry, at Milk creek. Col ept. 20, 18579, First Lieut. Willlam B. Welr, ordnance partment, on White river, Col., Oect. 20, 1579, Second Lieut. J, Hansell French, Ninth cavalry, San Mateo mountains, N. M., Jan. 17, 1880, Capt. Edmund C. Hentig, Sixth cavalry, ila Range, Arizona, Aug. 50, 1881, Second Lieut. Samuel A. Cherry, Fifth cayairy, Rock creek, Dakota, May 11, 1881, Second Lieut. George W. Smith, Ninth gavalry, near Fort”MeRao, N. M., Aug. 19, Second Lieut. Seward Mott, Tenth cavalry, Sun Carlos agency, Arizona, Marchi 11, 158, It will be noted that in 1873 Lieutenant Almy, Fifth cavalry, was killed by an Apache at this same place. On the 18th of January, 1836, near Nacori, Mexico, Captain Emmet Craw- ford, Third cavalry, died of wounds in an attack on his command of Indian scouts by a force of Mexicans. The name of this officer may appropriately be added to this list. 'Lhe circumstances of treachery and cowardice conncoted with the murder of Captain Crawford by the Mexicans are of toorecent date to require recapitulation here, n addition to this large list of officers killed might be added equally as large a one of those who have received wounds in the same thankless warfare. General John Gibbon became a target for the Nez Perces at UiF Hole pass, Montana. Colonel *‘Sandy” Forsyth, of Sheridan staft, was crippled for hfe in his Chey- enne fight on the Arickaree fork, Yn Kansas, where the grandson of Henry d Beecher was killed. Among the cavalry officers still living, Major Guy V. Henry, Edward M. Heyle, now assistant inspector general, Charles King, 1. Scott Payne and E.S. Godfray have been more or less severely handled while the list of damaged line “officers of infantry would be astoundingto those who fanev the military profession a sine- cure in time of peace. Appended is a resume showing the conflicts had with Indians by officers of the regular army. It is somewhat startling as illustrating the number of mulitary reputations won in civilized war. fare but wrecked in attempts to subju- gate Indians: X THE MIAMIS, In 1791 General Artbur St. Clair was commaader-in-chief of the army operat- ing against the Miami Indians, He was surprised on November 4 and his army cutto picces. Washington refused a court of inquiry and St. Clair resigned. THE CREEKS, In 1796 emissaries of England roused the Crecks to war, They surprised Fort Mimms August 80, 1818, killing four hundred men, women and children. The following named general ofticers fought engagements with them: General Coffee, at Tallushatchee; General Jackson, at Talladoga; Goneral White, at_Hillabee; General Floyd, at Atassee; General Clai~ borne, at Kccanachaca. General An- drew Jackson defeated them at Emuck- fau, January 18, 1814; at Enotochopco, January 24, and finally on March 27, at Horshoebend, where they made their last stand. In 1836 some of the Creeks under Opothleyoholo joined the United States troops under General Wintield Scott against the Seminoles. When the civil war began, 1n 1861, the tnibe divided; 6,000, under the head chief, joined the confederates, and others, under Opoth- leyoholo, adhered to the United 3 These latter were defeated, end six thous sand or eizht thousand men, women and children fled to Kansas. ~ There General David Hunter relieved them, Numbers, however, perished, and 1,000 entered our army, They have been at peace with the whites ever since. Their annual pay- ments from the government umount to THE SEMINOLES, The Seminole Indians of Florida began hostilities against the Americans in 1793, and, although under Spanish rule, re- newed them 1n 1812, The Seminole war did not end until 1842. This war was a remarkable series of disastrous engage- ments for officers of the United States army. Before the purchase of Florida in 1819, General Gaines and General Jack- son had hard fighting with the Seminoles. King Payne and s brother Billy Bow- legs did not survive the battle of Ala- ehua. In August, 1534, General Thomp- son deposed five of the Seminole chivfs and put Osceola, or Powell, a8 _he was sometimes called, in irons. On Decem- ber 28, 1835, Osceola killed Thompson, a lieutenant, and some others at Fort King, nnd on the same day destroyed a body of United States troops under Col- onel Dade near Wahoo swamp. ‘The massacre has since only been paralleled by the Custer massacre on the Litue Big Horn river, June 25, 1876, The long and desolating war which ensued cost the Unitea States $10,000,000 and nearly 1.600 hves. The Seminoles eral Clinch on the Withla- , December 81, and subsequently sheckmated General Scott; but they were so hard pressed by General Cafll aud General Jessup that they asked for peace in 1837 and agreed to emigrate. Osce: ola, however, remained unsubdued, fled to the everglades, and renewed the war, He was defeated by Zachariah Taylor in the battle of Okeechobcee, taken prisvner, and died at Fort Moultrie when only 85 years of age. The war did not terminate until 1343, a chief named Coacoochee being the lust prisoner of note taken by our forces. There are still some Seminoles in the everglades of Florida, but the tribe was divided by the breaking out of the civil war. The confederate states made a treaty with them August 1, 1861, guarsn- teeing their lands, assuming the obliga- tions of the United States, and agreeing to indemnify them for slaves taken from them by General Gaines, Lhose who ad- hered to the government suffered heavy loss in the battle of Docewber 25, 1861, and the survivors retired to Kansas, ‘They are steady, sober, industrious, and 1n progress rank next to the Cherokees, Creeks, and Choctaws. TILE MODOCS, ‘The Modoo Indians of Oregon were de- feated at Clear lal 1850 by Caplain (afterwards Gen Nuthauiel Lyon. Two years late se Indians, originally & part of the Klamath nation massacred gome whites, in retaliation for which Ben Wright kilied forty-ome out of fortys s1x Modoes who attended a feast to which he had mvited them, neral Crosby instituted 0 eampaign against them 1856, but the war was not ended until 1864 Between this time and 1872 the Modoes were more sinned against than sinning, and the fact that they were cheated out of their government allowances, made to res move to a section where they could not where their own provisions were d, is & suflicient comentary upon the existing systom of Indian manage ment by the interior cepartment. No vember 20, 1873, a fight took place bo- tween some Oregon citizens a (Krentpoos), Yheaton, U. S, A., against the hostiles, ' then i the Lava Beds, a voleanic rogion, which served as a natural fortification. ' On January 18, 1 neral Wheaton was forc tire. General A, C, Gillem, U, S, A, strove to venetrate the rocky and si y failed. Ata conferonce April 11, 1873, General E.R. 8. Canby was' troacheronsly dered by Captain Jack,Schonchin,S nasty Jim, and another Modoc. For this act the foregoing Indians were executed at Fort Kiamath October 8, having been subdued by General J, C. Davig after a long and stubbon resisf tured hostiles were vl reservation in Indi HE X, In 1854jthese Ind s killed Lieutenant Grattan, with his whole party, in re- venge for the failure of the government to carry out the provisions of the troaty of 1851, and under the terms of which tha Sioux were to receive 3,000,000, A serios of hostilities ensued, terminating in the aborigines by General Har- ney ates army, at Little Blue Water, September 8, 1855, In 1862 the Sioux broke out again near Acton, and killed nearly 1,000 Ridggley, Minn., was besieg, ed In Qu n territory. 0 with difliculty. " General Sible States army, and General Alfred Sully, United States army, defeated them, cap: turing 1,000 Indians, thirty-nine of whom, convicted of specific acts, were executed. In February, 1863, an act was pas congress annulling all previous tres with the Sioux, and in Decembor, 1566, Licutenant Fetterman and party, near Fort Phil Kearney, were killed, 'In 1868 aty was made with these Indians b, ral Sherman. In 1 Sitting Bull, Red Cloud and Spotted Tail visited W as! gton, but General Grant could not in- duce them to sign a treaty. The details of the Custer massacre by the Indians under Sitting Bull June 25, 1876, are well known, THE NAVAJOS, Like all the Apaches, the Navajos have warred with the Mexicans from an early period. Doniphan’s expodition in 1846, Wilkes in 1847, Nowby's in 1848, and Washington’s in 1849 wero failures. Gen- eral Bull Sumner in 1851 pushed into the heart of their counlr{, and founded Fort Defiance, but was forced to retreat. Treaties were broken as soon as made, and the Nnva%os kept on killing and plun. dering till Colonel Kit Carson, in 1863, in wintor campaign, conquered them and compelled them to leave their country and removo to Ux\s;‘lle& Redondo, on the Pecos river. In 186) the Navajos were removed to Fort Wingate, N. M., and to their former homes atound Fort Defi ancy hey have been, in the main, peaceful with the whites, for Kit Carson’s campaign against them was one of ox- termination of crops and property of all kinds, THE PIEGANS, ese Indians belong to the Blackfeet nation now in Moutana, Between 1860 and 1870 they were the terror of the ter- ritory southward trom Helena, und killed a great many scttlors in Prickley Pear canyon, between where Fort Shaw now stands and Silver City. Junugry 23 1870, Lieutenant Colonel Baker, U'S. A., was sent against them. He surprised Red Horn's camp on_the Marias in mia- winter, and killed 173 men, women and children. 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