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\ | e KENTUCKY'S CAVERN. A Twenty Miles' Trip Through Subterranean Passages and Chambers, Mammoth Cave, With a History of Kts Phonomena and Wondor- ful Properties. Correspondent Cincinnati Commercial One of tho greatest natnral curiosi- ties in the world lies less than two handred miles from Cincinnati. Res- idents of this city can reach it in ten hours of pleasant travel, and yet it is safe to say that not one out of every two hundred of the citizens of the Queon City have ever seen it A hundred people visited Ni to every one who visits the wonderful cavern of Kentucky, There are va rious reasons for this. First, Niagara is fortanate in being well advertised, while Mammoth cave, for some rea- son, seldom sees it name in print. Secondly, Niagara falls is managed for all the money it is capablo of bring- ing to its shrewd ageats, where: Mammoth cave, until very recentl was under the control of non- progresaive ideas. Third, Niagara lies uncovered beneath the noonday sun, and distant v of its splendor 1 always be had; Mammoth Cave is hid- den in the darksome depths of the earth, with nothing visible to the out- side world but its cavernous wouth, Fourthly, Niagara lies almost in the direct line of travel between the great centers of eastern and 1 popu- lation, and is of comparatively easy access; Mammoth Cave is situated in a wild region of the south, near which no great tide of travel flows, and is eight miles from the nearest’ railroad station, And yet, in apite of all this, the subterranean exposition of natural wonders is worth more than the time, trouble and money it requires to sce it. SOMETHING ABOUT THE CAVE, Before attempting to deseribe any of the wondrous sights of tho cave it might be well to briefly set out a fow historical facts about it. Mammoth cave is situated in, or rather under Edmonson county, Ky., the center of the wildest section of the state. The noted James brothers, it is eaid, have several times been in hiding within cannon shot of the place. There are over seven thousand square iles of limestone formation in this section, and all of it is supposed to be honcy- combed by subterrenean paseages and cavernous halls. The whole county of Edmonson is dotted with sink-holes and nearly four hundred cavern- mouths have been discovered, though most of them give access to but very emall caves. Only one entrance has been discovered to Mammoth cave; at least, but one has ever been made public, It is believed the guides could tell of other means of entrance or exit, but it is their business to kecp this knoweldge, if there besuch, to themselves. The cave lies under a high table land which rises 312 feet above the waters of Green river. THE ENTRANCE TO THE CAVE is at the end of a ravine back of the Cave hotel, and 118 feet below the building. The visitor goes down a winding path until he arrives at the place where the ravine seems to have run up against a precipitous bluff and knocked a huge hole in the hillside. The hole is the mouth of the cave, It is twenty-four feet in height and thirty wide. A small stream of clear water flows from between the rocks above the opening and falls upon the rocky bed below with pleasing effect. At nearly every season of the year a constant fog or bank of mist obscures the entrance, caused by the meeting of two atmospheres, one of which is colder than the other, and thus con- denses the moisture in the air where the meeting takes place. Upon the day we entered the cave the tempera- ture inside and outside happened to be about the same, and the fog wus absent, something that rarely occurs. THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR of the cave never varies. Until re- cently it was declared that the constant temperature inside the cave, w spring, summer and autumn, was “ahrenheit. But very recent sc tific tests have shown that this meas- urement was marked five degrees too high; the tomperature is shown to be but 500, and from that it never varies. The atmosphere is very pure. Oxy- gen and nitrogen bear the same re- lation to each other in the cave at- mosphere that they do in the air out- side; but there is much less carbonic acid gas in the cave than is found m the air we breathe. In the dryer parts of the cavern the proportion is about 1-5000th and ncar the rivers it is less atill. Not a trace of ammonia has ever bean found in the cave prop er. The humidity of the atmosphere varies ss you decend to the river and lake regions. In the upper avenues and chambers, upon the walls and fioars of which nitrate of lime 1s de- posited, there is a destitution of moist- ure almost absolute. Here animal matter mummifies instead of decaying by putrefaction. A dead body lett in these passages would turn to a mum- my. In these same regions, for the same reasons, dust never rises. Not a teace of ozone can be detected, It is said that the aumosphere of the cave is the most exhilarating on the face of or in the earth. Fragile, deli- cate women have been known totravel on foot over ten, and even twenty miles of the rocky, rough passages in the cave, experiencing little or no fatigue, whereas they could not walk one-third the distance in the open air. ‘The great purity of the cave's atmos phere is not fully realized until the ex- plorer emerges into the *‘sw country air” of the outside v passages from one to the othe is like transition from the air of the streets into a close dormitory, where ascore of sleepers have spent the night. GOOD FOR CONSUMPTIVES, This extreme purity of the atmos phere of the cave founded the im- pression, some fifteen years ago, that a residence there would cure, or at least check, consumption. Tho test was a sorrowful one, A half dozen consumptives, about 1843, entered the cave for the distance of a mile or more, where they erected huts of stone and some of wvod, in which they took up their residence. During the first few days thoy were greatly encouraged by the effect. Then be- | | * | exploded. gan a reaction. Several of them s died in the cave, and all the rest soon after their return to the external air. Let physicians exp'ain the cause of this effect. Short trips into the cave are advantageous te people afflicted with lung troubles, in flammatory rheumatism and dysen tery. The public ought to be warned, however, delicate as may be the sub. warning, that there in constant periods in every y's lifo when, under no circum stances, should she enter the cave Serious results, and even death, have frequently followed this violation of nature's law, when the victim was en tirely ignorant that she was detying death. ject of the HOW DISCOVERED, It 18 a matter of legend, if not of history, that Mammoth Cave was dis- covered by a hunter many years ago who chased a_bear into the mouth Hao followed und explored it for quite a distance. The Indians, however had oseupied the main c be fore, Evidences of their aborigina habitation were discovered to a dis tauce of a mile and a half back from the entrance—then up to the verge of the Bottomless Pit. This awful sink- hole they could never cross, as it was one hundred and seventy feet deep aud extends entirely acrogs the pas But white sy man's ingenuity lo torward threw a bridge across the asii and gave access to miles upon wiles of the cavern, which ex still further into the bowels of a distance of seven and a tonds the earth, half miles. THE CAVE BREATILES, strange as it may seem. For half a year it inhales the vuter air; then it holdas its breath for a few days, after which it exhales for a six months’ period. In other words, during sum mer months, vhen the external tem- perature is much warmer than is the temperature of the cave, a constant tream of air pours out of the mouth; and the hotter the weather grows the stronger grows the blast from the cave. When the external temperature is about the same as the cave's— that is, fitty-four degrees—a calm exists in tho cavern's mouth and it holds its breath. Such was the condition when we vigited it. But in winter, when the thermometer goes down toward zero, the cold air of the valley rushes into the cave as though pursuing an army of demons into hades. At cer- tain seasons of the year the current of air in the passages near the mouth is 80 great that lights are blown out. This current of air becomes neutral- ized, however, as one roes further in, and finally is allayed entirely by the reservoir properties of the enlarging chambers, which are to be found after a distance of half a mile, SALTPETER was manufactured in the main cave in 1812, by Archibald Miller, of Phila- delphia, who took it to the east and sold to the American gevernment to be used in_the manufacture of gun- powder. The cave is still just as rich a mine of deposit for the mineral as it was then, but nobody could now suc- cessfully compete in manufacturing it there with tho markets of foreign lands. The East Indies and South America at this later day supply the trade. Potash saltpeter is largely shipped ll over the world from Bom- bay and Calcutta, Whereas soda- saitpoter is found in unlimited supply in the Desert of Atacama, on the west coast of South America.§This profitable arid desert lics partly in Bolivia, party in Chili and partly in Peru, and it is the invocent cause of the fierce war which has but just been waged among these three governwments. It is hardly likeiy that anybody will ever 2o to war over the rights to moth cavo saltpeter beds. trified hoof tracks of and rv wheels made in 1812 are still to be seen in the cave nearest the entrance. The saltpeter pitsard the bored logs used a8 aqueducts to convey water into the cave for use in making the saltpeter, are still in cxistence, and owing to the purity of the atmosphere, their wood it is,a8 solid and perfect to- day as when placed there, ncarly eev- enty years ago. DANTE'S INFERNO, Neither Dante nor Jules Verne has ever been in Mammoth Cave. It is not strange, thercfore, that neither, in their pictures of subterranean hor- rors and mysteries, has pictured any- thing eo awfully sublime, so grandly impresaive, as this greatest of na- ture's exposition. The mind of man asp the maznificenco and of nature's work in these cav- until his eyes have seen and his felt the subterranean wonders, soul is not in the power of man to de- is to be scen in these un- halls and chambers, and it not be attempted here, We Il give some facts and data con- most wonderful of the hts that are to be scen cerning the thousand th THE GUIDES, There are three regular guides at- ached to the eave and several “‘subs.” 'he oldest de is Mat, a colored man, who has lived nearly sixty years, Mat has been guide in the cave for forty-two years. His son Henry is one of the substitutes, and has becn taking pacties in for fifteen years, The other two regular guides are Wil- liam and Nicholas, both colored. William is a ventriloquist in his way, and puts the gift to pleasing use for the benefit of his guests. The original guide, whose daring explorations re- vealed many of the wonders of the cave to cwilization, was Stephen Bishop. His remains lie buried under the red clay of tne neighboring hills, A mistaken idea prevails that ~ the guide will collect exorbitant fees from the tourists he takes in charge, This idea should be He 18 paid & wonthly sal- ary by the manazer of the cave, and is entitled to no fees unless the vis- itors freely contribute a quarter apicce, which they nearly always do. to show their certain appreciation for his efforts to please everybody. Each visitor to the cave pays two thre dollars at the hotel office for a tickef admitting him respectivelyto the short or long route in the cave. He joins the regular party of the route indic ated, and a guide sets out with such a party at a stat:d hour in the day. Tourists over the short route start usually at 7 o'clock in the evening and after exploring about eight miles of underground passages, return tc the earth’s surface an hour befor midnight, he long-route voyagors usually start at 10 o’clock in the dav- got back about 6 o7 y after tramping n miles of the take lunch with v o8 miraculous, They visitor carries an ol lamp, The quide carries two, and also has with him a bottle of oil, from which he vefills the lamps while the party is anching lunch. Tna haversack at is sido he carries a supply of white light powder, o time to illuminate the wonders of the underground world. OWNERSHIT. Tho cave is owned by an estate which possesses 1,600 acros of the wild lands about and around the en irance. It is managed by Francis Klett, an intelligent, highly educated \ustrisn,,who took charge of the cs tate a year ago, and has already hrown much hte into the manag ment. The great drawback at pres ent to the cave as a popular resort is the difliculty in getting to it. Though only cight miles from the Louisvillo and Nashville railroad, no branch road y to the cave has aceross the count ver been projected. Mr. Klett says the railroad company refuse to build the branch because they want to buy the cave and are sharp enough uot to add to its attractive qualitics, Ho declares that the estate will in a fow year across the country westward to the Ohio river, which is but twenty miles dis tant. Meanwhile the experience of an old-time stage ride through such a wild country will give people of this luxurious generation a taste of travel as our grandfathers found it half a hundred years ago. Making n Raiso' John Havs, Credit, PO, says that for nine months he coulid not rafse his hand to is head, thr ugh lameness in toe shoul- der. but by the wse of Trowas' Enrernu O1 he was entirely 1 dectreadlw FACING DEATH. ' Terrible Struggle in a Railroad Car With o Desperado. Detroit Post Dec. 5, At 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon a thrilling episode occurred on the Michigan Central in-bound express train near Kalamazoo, and but for the courage of a woman might e end- ed in a terrible tragedy. When the train neared Pokagon a man, who had been apparently engaged in reading a newspaper, was seen to rise suddenly in hus seat, and turning to a person seomingly his companion, shouted in loud tones. ““You give me your re- volver and let me go or I will brain you!" A desperate struggle instantly ensued between the two men, and the startled and now thoroughly fright- ened passengers precipitately fled from the car, with the cxoeption ofa plucky little woman. The man who uttered the exclama- tion was Henry W. White, alias Bur- ton, a notorious stage-robber, bandit, and desperado, en route to the Detroit house of correction. The individual he addressed was United States Mar- shal P. . Wilcox, of Denver, Col., who had him in custody. The excla- mation was instantly followed by the prisoner bringing down on the officer's head with terrible force a pair of handcuffs, which he had cunningly picked from his wrists with a tooth- pick. The officer was momentarily stunned by the blow, but made a des- perate resistance. Blow after blow was rained on the officer’s head by the prisoner with the handcufls and then he made a success- tul effort to get the revolver. The officer shouted for help, but none came. The prisoner cocked the revolver, held it against the ofti- cer's breast, and pulled the trigger, but it failed to perform the work in- tended for it. A desperate struggle for the possession of the revolver, a six-shooter of 44-calibre, known as a bulldog, now took place’ on the part of the ofticer. Now it was in his hands snd then in that of the prison- er. The most mysterious thing about the strugle is that, although each tried to fire the revolver, it failed in each case to respond. The muzzle of the weapon while in the hands of the prisor.er was thrust gainst the left temple of the officer with such force that the prints of it were plamly dis cernible when Lo arvived in Detroit, During the contest the lady, a Mrs. Smithson, from Denver City, remain- ed in the car and labored heroically to md the officer. She threw her arms about the desperap tried to hold his hands, She remon- strated with him and tried to calin fury. Toward the close of the struggle, the prisoner seeing he could not kill the oflicer nor got possession of the keys to unlock the shackles on his feet, placed the m of the re- volvor against his heart and again it refused to respond. Finally the ofti- cer grabbed the ope and stopped tho train. A brakeman, attracted by the struggle, had come into the car, but was afraid to touch the prisoner. The struggle was_fortunately brought to a close by the opportune appearance of C. F. Chapin, of Denver, from the forward car, who joined forees with tho offi- cer. The two guards, whom the offi- cer had brought with him, were in the baggage car, smoking during the struggle, Word finally reached them of the peril of their chief, and they came rushing to the rescue. The prisoner was soon reduced to subjec- tion, and his hands pinioned behind his back. White did not hesitate to announce that he intended to kill the officer, rob the pussengers, and make his escape to tho north woods, He said he was virtually a dead man when once within the walls of the house of correction, Wilcox with his prisoner a d in Detroit 6:30 o'clock Saturday evening. Ihe lattor has been lodged in the house of correction, to which he has been sentenced for life. White weighs about 150 pounds, has sandy hair and mustache, and keen gray eyes. He is w lithe a8 o panther. He is quite well cducated, and has all the requisite alents for a thief. His coura mquestioned, and his daring unsur- ussed. He was b rn in Barton county, Toxas, twenty-eight ye: 1go. His hands are red” with human siood; and his few years marked with sther crimes, The first man he killed vas his father, During his brief arcer he has robbed the passengers wd mails of nine stage coaches. The wulk of his depredations were com- them, which the guide carries, and eat it usually in Washington hall, which | is seven miles from the mouth. Each This he uses from time | [rado. o was sentenced during the administration of President Hayes to | ton years in the Wheeling West Va | penitentiary for robbing a hut was subsequently pardoned About five months ago, botween § and 9 o'clock at night, he robbed a stago-conch en route from Alamosa to | Lake City. There were thirteen songers in the coach, and White did the work unaided. He jlaced a pole across the road on which L suspended qunsacks, When the coach drove up he halted the driver Possossing wonderful powers of mimicry, he personated the voices o three ¢ four men behind the breastworks he liad reared. The passengers were thoroughly frightene by such imposing di b, and permitted to White paradc m the roadside. He blind-foldad them, went through their pockets, and robbed the mail bags, He then made his escape, and the passengors after Lo deparied soon discovered the ruse that was played upon them. White was soon aftcr captured at Pueblo, Whilo en | route to Denver city he jumped oft| the train and tried to got a horse that | stood near by, He was recanturad and taken to his de:tination, tried, convicted and sentenced for life to the Laramie city penitentiary, Uponit being revresented to the judie of | district that the prison at that p was an unsafo place for White's character the s changed to the Detroit i rection, United States Marshal Wilcox in formed a Post and Tribune reporter Saturday evening that lic had dealt with scores of desperate wen, but had never miet the equal of White. He said he took every necossary precau tion, he thought, to Lring him in safety to this city. He had watehed him closely all the way to Detroit. Before he loft Denver City o put all his private business i orderin case of dents, knowing the character of the man he had to deal with. Wilcox is a powerful and determined-looki wan, with keen, black cyes foarless appearance. Satu: even ing he was suffering quite severely from the terrible struggle he had pass- od through, although he made few complaints, His head, face, should- ors and hips were badly bruised. The hearing of his left ear is slightly im- paired. The blow which he received on the left side of his head had made him partially deaf. He is stopping at the Russol House, and leaves for Washington, D. C., Monday. fo is entitled to great credit for his coolness and courage. A man of mee was | 180 of Cor Buokin's Arnica Salve. The best salve inthe world for cuts, bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rheum, fover sores, tetter, chapned hands, chillblains, corns and all kinds of skin eruptions. This salvo is guar anteed to give perfect satisfaction in every case or mondy refunded. Price, 2bc per box. For sale by Tour & McManon, Omaha. Gentle Women Who want glossy, luxuriant and wavy tresses of abundant, beautiful Hair must uso LYON’S KATHATRON. This clegant, cheap article always makes the Hair grow freely and fast, keeps it from falling out, arrests and cures gray- ness, removes dandruff and itching, makes the Hair strong, giving it a curling tendency and keeping it in any desired position, Beau- tiful, healthy Hair is the sure vesult of using Katbairon, Toat | PECIIC CuTes That most 1ot discase SYPHILIS Whotler ip its Primary, Secondary or Tertiary Stage. Removes all traces of Mercury from the eys- tem, Cures §orofula, Sores, Rheuna: tiem, E zema, Cazarrh or any Blood Disegse, Curos When Hot Springs Fail! Maliern, Ark., May 2, 1551 Wo have casen in our toln wilo 1i Spring: and were finally cured with 8. 8. 8. MceCassox & Munny Memphi in., May 206 bot 1es of 5 We have sol 1t ha phys spocific, 8o Lovisville, Ky,, May 13, 1851 8. 8. 8 has given bettr st faction than Bl and of |3 1aviiot | P AL N R b MBS WESTS No Changing Cars ARTVRRY OMAHA & CHICACO, Where direct connection are made with Thsaugh SLEEPING CAR LINES for NOSTON PHILAL NEW YGR k Pir LPITIA, DALTIMORE, WASHINGTON AND ALL EASTERN ITIGS The Short Line via. Peoria r INDIANAPOLIS, CINCINNATI, LOUIS , and all points 10 the FSOUTEL-ELAST. THR WRAT LINY For ST. LOUIS, Whero direct connections are made in the Unlon Depot with the Through S Lines for ALL POIN B8O WM EL. HEW LINE *nDES MOINES THE FAVORITE ROUTE FOR Rock Island. The uneqvaled induccmonts oftorod by this lne to trr and tourlnts aro & followa: ™ tod PULLMAN (i AR VILL inirs, No extra ¢ soata in Roclining Chairs, The fanious Q. Palace Dinfug Cars. — Gorgoous Smoking Care fitted with clognnt high-backed mttan revolving chairs, for tho oxclusivo use of frwt-class passens ™ Stocl Trac suporior_equipment comblral with their gacat through cat arrangement, makes this, above all others, the favorlte routs bo tne East, South and Southoast, Try it, and you will find” traveling a luxury fn. stead of'a discomfort. Through tickots vio thia eolobrated line for salo at all officos in tho Unitod States and Canadn, All information aLout rates of faro, Slocplng Qar_accommodations, Tino Tablos, etc., will be cheertully given by applying to PERCEVAL LOWELL, onger Agent, Chicago, - 3. POTTER, Go, - “Manaver Chicago. General Sioux City & Pacitic ot BIGOR G KOS Runs a Solil Train ‘Ihrough from Council Bluffs to 8t. Paul Without Change Time, Only 17 Hours. —IT 18— 4O MILES THE SHORTEST ROUTE, Rox COUNCIL BLUFFS8 TO ST, PAUL, MINNEAPOLIS DULUTH OR BISMARCK, Il points In Northern lowa, Minnosota and ota. " Thiy line Is oquipped with the Improved tinghouse Automatio Air-brake aud Miller Plattorm Coupler and Buffor: and for SPEED, SAFETY AND COMFORT is unsurpaased. Pullman Palaco Sloeping Car run through WITHOUT CHA! ctwoon Kan sas City and 8t. Paul, via Council Bluffs and Sioux Uity Traing leave Unfon Pacifle Transfor at Coun- cil Bluffs, at 7:35 p. w. daily on arrival of Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Blufls train from th South. Arriving at Sioux City 11:36 p. and at the New Union Depot at 8t. Paul at 12: noon, TEN HOURS IN ADVANCE OF ANY OTHER ROUTE, F Romember In taking the Sioux City Route you got a ich Train. The Shortost Line, the Quickest Timo and a Comfortablo Ride in the Through Cars between COUNCIL BLUFFS AND ST. PAU £77'Seo that your Tickots read via, [ uilioad.” NSON, As't Go Missouri Valloy, lowa. jouthwostorn Agent, Counci Blufls, lowa J. 1L O’BRYAN, 1880. SHORT LINE. 1880, KANSAS CITY, St. Joe & Council Bluffs RAILILIRO.AID W THN ONLY Direct Line to ST. L.OUIS AND THE EAST From Omaha and the West, No change of cars between Omaha and ba. Louls, and bug one botween OMAHA and NEW_YORK, SBE = Daily PassengerTrains RACHING Bl EASTERN AND WESTELN CITIES with LESS CHARGES snd IN ADVANCE of ALI{ OTHER LINES, This entlre llne 18 cqupped with Puliman's ping Care, Palaco Bay Cos 108, Millor's Safoty Plattorm and Coupler, and thoe celobrated W«allvnglmlmu Alr-hruk A. B, Banxaxp Genorsl Agent, OMAIIA,NE DISEASES Wy ne I have over sold J. A, Fuesses, Vonvor, Col. Moy 2, 1881 Every purcha er ipeaks in the highest terms oS, 5.8, L. Molsscter, Richmond, Va.,, May 11, 1881, You ca anyboly to us in_rogard to the merits of Polk, Miller & Co. Hare nover known 8 of Byphilis, when properl e § tofall to cure a case takon, rd, Eli Warren, | Porry, Ga. The ahiove signers aregentl & 1 of high stand- QU in 1 COLQUITT, Governor ot Georgla. 1F YOU. WIS WE W LL TAKE Y TO BE PAID FOR WHEN CL Writc for particniar book ‘Mess to the Unfort 81,000 Reward il chemist who will find, “on an § 8. 8., one particls of Mercury siumh of any Mine BWIFT 5. Ultok, CA i D, aopy” of Nittle Taid to any yais 100 bottlow lodide Potay: old by KENNALD & C and Druggists Generafly J.P.ENGLISH, —OF THE— EYE & EAR DR.L. B. GRADDY, Oculist and Aurist, LATE OLINICAL ABBISTANT IN ROYAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOBPITAL. References oll Reputablo yaicians of Omaha, 42 OfMce, Corner 16th and Farnham Bts., Omaha, Neb suZbmets ei De Meyer's CATARRH CURE. The Ouly Buown Real Cure. AR IACT dechamon wed el sat&w cow W, J. CONNELL, ATTORNEY - AT - LAW, 810 South Thirteenth Btreet, with AORA Aty ATTORNEY - AT - LAW, \x{p wtairs) in lhn.unn’a"d Orrics—Front Roo stairs) in Hanso ilding, » IS NIUW AND CORRECT M FHKO When craveling T ettioe s Map, The ree ity t the Wesr loas Witk th g 1L L v 10 Qver allof its prinelpal 1ios, rung ench way dal Urains. 1t is the ondy road west of Chicago that u: s tho <. FLORENC! : e Ty . N 0.._ CHICAGD & NORMIWHSTERN RAILW A AL EAILRAT] THE CHICACO & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY, rom two to fouror more Fast Crprasd Ri! RY rex vou | feaggo un al of the Prinespal Points in the West, North 1nd Northwest, Do esi nrabtations 108 ot ail ruilronds ad N, Q O yeeaunee Ny LLo £ Quinnesso ¥ i w bl r N% 1"[he Imperial Palace Dining Cars. 1y 3,000 MILES OF ROAD, el Blults, Denver & California Line,” ux Clty, Nor, Nobraska & Yankton Liy Iliniois, Freeport & Dubuque Line, kots over this r inona, Minnesota & Cen h o ankeo, Green Bay & 0, 8t. 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