The Nonpartisan Leader Newspaper, September 30, 1915, Page 2

s ' PAGE TWO 1 fers Remedws for Farm Tenantry ' “»"Problems nwestlgatmg‘ -the among work- States, ‘hes: compl’etd:b itd labors and ‘gone, out 1of exmteme The commis- tl:.ree ‘the generai. pubhé’ As mlght have ‘5‘een expeekd, tlm» xeport: ‘Dallds last February, ‘the’ three com- ‘missjoners: representing lahor,. joined _by Frank M. Walsh. of . Kansas City, : »appomyed t.q represent— the publie,. -have issued a speclal xeport' severely: it exists in Oklahoms and Texas to- .day. This report calls attention to the rapud inerease in tenancy (32 per ‘cent in 20 years), to tenant poverty, ‘debts and strugglé; to the: one-year ‘lease syatem, -‘exorbitant intérest charges, the lack of a marketing sys- tem, poor -edueatiofial facilities and - “increased . :land: - speculation “-among imonied: men: - It. then suggests the following renhedlw, all-of: which are worth eareful study on the’ part of : southmtexn farmers: 7 legnlatlon ‘of a system of " long-ttme Ieases, ‘providing - that the * tenant “he:compensated~for all-improve- ade poxn: the property, ‘and 'the soil. Second—The: establishment of na- tional and state farm bureaus for the following purposes: - (a) To act as an'agen;t between " landlords and tenants in the distri- bution. of .tenant: kabof. . (b) To act as an agent between ‘landlords and tenants “in ‘the prepa- - ration of equitable contracts. (¢} To act -as -an information agency to’ assmst home-seeking farm- ers. - (d) . To assist. in the dlstnbutlon : of seasoned labor.: Third—The: development -of - better credit - facilities. through: the assist- ance: of the gevernment and .co-0p- " erative organizations.of farmers and tenants: No 'singlé" measure “canbe L recemmemh&y ‘the results -must be: * 'achieved through: the development: of ' -a sound..rural credit.system, the. de- velopment “of land- banks, moértgage »'associations: and~ credits umions. - For- ; eign:experience. shows: that through RS these means the.rate ‘of interest: can be greatly ‘reduced: and’ the security " of‘béth the: bnrmwer -and’ the lender- can_ be inereased.” .. Fourth-—The: general - introduetion " of mndemmed rural ‘schools and .com- : pulsory education. of 'children, The functions of the school system'should extend: beyond. edueation’ to: the so- cial service: of the entire: mral"com- mnmty, assisting+in the organization = iof farmer§ nd tenants*for “co-oper g »-'*N-fl*‘vm-!'sw?'*fim-'}’:r IR s e M : ; At Frlsco 1{” San Franclsco——Thls "was rural credit day at the exposition with one ‘of its ' features an address.by Myron T. " Herrick ‘ of Cleveland formerly: ambassador to France, in which the: ‘discussed in detail, many phases of the rural credits movemént. : .The grand purpose of -the rural -credits’ movement, said Mr. Herrick, had been overlooked by those who -'eéxpected - of. it. only lower interest Cheaper money, he declared,’ rates: is not 'its only aim; it rises highet than that and proposes: to enable 'home seekers . ‘to - ‘accomplish their wish, landowners to re adequate funds to develop their holdings, and farmers to mobilize their Tesources so that American agncnltu.re may be- ‘come modernized and properly finan- ced and keep pace with progress in every other industry. Reviewing the five years that the movement has been in course, Mr. Herrick declared that the legislation in' various states looking to the for- mation of - credit unions and rural credit ' institutions had little merit. State aid, he believed, to be unde- sirable- in -the.United States if pri- vate enterprise could be efficiently regulated and rural co-operation in-, telligently - practiced, - other things said: Much Misanderstood. “The cause of much .of ‘the mis: aunderstanding - -about ° co-ogerative banking and credit is the mistaken and among | :notion that co-operation is an altru- istic or benevolent 'means’ of helping the - down-and-out:" class ~ of persons who are individually weak and in- competent. - This half-truth ‘is alive with * dangers. Co-operation can never help anybody' except him who is able and willing to-help himself— and his neighbor also. True, co-op- eration is the quickest way to suc- cess for the humble as well; as for the high, but its literal interpreta- tion is organized mutual self-help. It presumes that men will work harder, longer, and better together than when standing alone; it requires a spirit and an ability to both give and reeeive; and it can reach its fullest ‘development only among persons who are capable and honest, and known to be so—among persons who ask no favors, who spurn’ charity and state aid, and rely solely upon their own talents, toil and. resources. . Farmers Should Awake. “If American farmers should awake to- the full" realization of its "possi- bilities, they would soon be using co- operation in all their industrial, com- mercial, and financial affairs relating to agriculture. With~the splendid .examples .in the: city before them, it is strange that they have lain dor- mant so long.. Co-operation may, of course, ‘be practrced through a cor- poration or in a partnership, but the association is its best. breeding ground| and nursery. In the United States, ‘however,’ the purposes and ordinary ‘banking have been content with: the}- corporation and partnership, T ogagnndmts 'should broaden the) views and strive to make lawful’ fiar ‘associations ‘whatever- may now be }done: through ‘these other two- forms d:ion. systen‘ S0~ as: ur 'exempt taxatwn_, alL imprevements: and: tax. at _organization, « Furthermore, reach its. highes developmeixt,‘ tlmy ‘should:- advoeate such a 2 Dzsaster 'Chxca‘go, Sept. 22. — Tndictments charging * conspiracy and criminal. .carelessness. in' connection -with the; Eastland disaster, in which 812 per- sons ‘lost their lives, were returned today by the federal grand jury against six stemmhrp officias and two federal” govemment steamboat _in- spectors. : . Following are those mdlcted on the two ‘counts: Geo. P. Arnold, president -Chicago London, Sept 21. —Cl'umeellor of the ‘‘Exechequer. Regmald McKenna today. introduced: - in commons the heaviest® ‘budget in the lnstory of Great Britain. « . ; “This s an. unpredlefed"mtuatlon and has resulted .in 'placing unpre- cedented burdens. on- the ation,” he = said. “Consequently I&PP@I to. you ‘for approval of. measures necessary - for the economic life of ‘the ‘nation.” - 40 PER CENT RAlSE ‘& ‘St. Joseph ‘Steamship Co.; William} : ) H- Hull;- vice president and- general | manager; Walter H. Steel, secretary; W. A.'Pederson, captain; J. A. Erick- son, chief engineer, and Charles Eck- liffe ‘and Robert ' Reed, government inspectors. Robert Greenbaum, presi- dent Indiana Transportation Co., was indicted only on a charge of crim- inal carelessness. Gorporations Indicted. Indictments also were returned on both charges against the Chicago-St. Joseph Co., and Indiana Transporta- tion Co., as corporations. The penalty on the criminal negli- gence charges is a fine of ‘not more | than $10,000 or ten years’ imprison- ment, or both.. On- the conspiracy: charge the maximum is $10,000 fine; two' years’. 1mpnsonment or beth;" . The 'Ghicago-St. Joseph Stesmship Co ~owned the ill-fated Eastl ( chartered it to the Indiana T tation Co.. Officers of th company, it was charged, k ship was not seawotthy and P and Erickson, it ‘was smd, d ercise proper precaution. ‘after’ the vessel started to list. Greenbaum, whe was in charge of the boat at the time of the disaster; is alleged to have permitted more Itham the lawful quota of passengers to/board the Eastland. Issued Certificates. Eckliffe and Reed were the inspect- ors who issued certificates of inspec- tion to the owners a few weeks be- fore the boat tipped over. Bids for purchase of the boat will be opened this' week before : Judge Landis in federal court. Great Lakes Towing Co. of Cleveland has filed claims ‘in the federal court, asking the sale. The company alleg&s $34,000 is due it for salvaging the ship on orders| of the owners. The vessel is now undergoing repairs at the South.Chi- cago dry docks EXTIIA SESSION OF SENAYE. e —— Washmgton, Sept. 19, ——Presulent Wllson may call the senate in extra session next month to ‘consider: pend- ing treaties. - Senator Stone, of Mlssoun, chmr man’ of the committee on forexgn Te- lations, will have a conference with the president on the subject. The treaties pending are those w1th Colombia and. Nicaragua ‘They were' both ‘vigorously opposed during the -last: C ngress. - The Colombian tr the separatxon -of Pm;ama, vides for payment ‘of $20, 360;000;,000.~ Agamst this, "he said, - - was an expenditure of $7,950,000,000. . He' propom a 40 per eent mczease in the income tax “Taxatxon must be on 2 seo.le never before imposed’ by the British na- tion,” said MeKenna. “At the end of the year we will face a debt esti- mated: at more than 82,200, 000,000 pounds sterlmg (over $10,000,000, 000). This will by no means cripple our re- sources, but every section of the na- tion .must contribute and make the greater sacrifices.” The navy, McKenna -said, is cost- than $900,- .000,000 yea.rly, the army -more than $3,600,000,000 and “‘external advances” and its essons. They heard the former sec- retary laud President Wilson, criti- cise the advocates of greater prepar- - edness, deplore the folly and honor of the European war, lambast the jingo press and jingoes generally, and- remark that “it was lucky we di have a jingo president with a hair- trigger temper in the White House.” “While no one cdn stand surety,” said Mr. Bryan, in closing, “for what may come,. it is not difficult to adopt measures that will give far greater assurances of permanent peace than . : the world has ever known.” ceived $1,500 for the lecture. He re- FORD WOULD REPUDIATE. Detroit, Mick,, Sept. 21..-— “If ¥ ‘were to live with the future genera- tions of Europe I would urge: the people ‘to repudiate the: debts’ being | piled’ vp by the gnvemments"}n “this j war.. I believe it is the duty of the people to repudmte them. What. nght ‘have the governments of Fu- ‘rope to impose on future generations the unbearable burden they are now amassing through this war!” ’ ; Such and similar senfiments Were expressed by Henry Ford ‘in an' in- | terview- regarding. means for over- comxng the forces of. armament. 0 Ford " ~would- welcome ! for ‘the warring nations' to put an end to the “whole mmernbl business.” nkru;itcy" &