The New-York Tribune Newspaper, February 6, 1867, Page 8

8 - THE AMAZON. and yon siart from :'fl.'-“ ,Nh‘u:au inequalities of "hf e you riee over fhis, you ascend that efope, yod e . N e valley, Yo pcpd this other Dight 0 0-Eievar AT VIS TO TRAZL~ o erhaps 4000 et (Ien you come dOWil that gther sy or h 14 tho same, b0 .na“vow Wy GROLOGIGAY. FORMATION oF THE VA CHE AMATON. Prot, Touks Agassiz delivered the first of acourse of six Jeghwegn before the Association for the Advance- wcud of Bignce and Art, at the Cooper Tustitute, last wight, I subject being Valey vt eoud, aud was euthusias! Quisov's wall inap of South America, and a bl 40 flustrato bis subject. Limes ASD GENTLEMEN: This year will an event of no small iwportance wilh reference of to ‘the progress I8 has pieased the Emperor of Brazil to decree that the Valley of the the commerce of the world, on the 7th & day memorable i Brazil, "This tact bias suggested som our cowmunity Ay phystesl Toatures and that those whe vare themnelves of the advantages which henceforth wi particularly owrs in reference to the navigation of ¢ Seland'sen. To-nlght I shall ketch the geological eonsti- n-of that mogion, and fn my upon goexposition #be river and its Iributaries, its banks, and its for civilization and conne wpon the surfuce of the owes ts present appearance to & muccession ‘which have taken place wonstve geologleal pertods wh ‘what it is pow. In ord fow tacts I have been o thstextensive tract of wocall & fow pri 4 b ¥ the geological coustitntion of any coun eould digpense with th ®at, unfortunately, geo @ewentary education: of an sdvauced edue 2% has made such priveiples should be un stand eertain clementar of huwan i Jogical constitutions of wdon of évents which have taken place at long intervals. No part of onr globe has assumed Js presont appearance &t ouce by & sudden fiat There fs nopoint of our Aea shore which does not owe its eonfiguration to the wearing uction of the wave fe noinequality en the s 20t owe its outl urtug ages, and ro there s which does not owe 1t ) Jogieal ugents which wourse of time wade it xue @ifferont periods; at one without even i atmosphe surface, at a later thee a 1 fosion within, with a thin ourface, wt @ later thoe Vapor eon fluid-ocean, condensed. moré condensation took sttracted by the woon, w, aud 80 to wear upon Lie consolidited surface below, ‘abraid it and carry off materials whi 0 new beds and manuer a stratified crust has been added elens,owing its existence toa cooling of uielte wt roioe distanee fr wid 80 Dy the ALELCY water, 10 express It r earth lms grow beeome mo equatic inhabitants, an gen, these first born have been wodi ed, new ones have powe 1n, the others have died, and all the ] ng has modified the this process gradually Wracts of land, then And these Jands Lave be pud fucther changes, Rarth ivas become what it is 00w, inhabited uts whieli exist upon ite surface. Now this rapid ing the ehanges which our giobe bas nude , a8 & whole, will enable me to éxplatn inore fnlly th : nner in which the i ud plas otk oonecrn! . produced, that you cal the Aazon. A large and wasgrosent. Prof. Agussis was introduced by Dr. Gris e to the disintegration of that muface 1 condense at its surface and form the first and then it wus a boiling sea, sending b %o the atmosphere constantly the waters which it h ien it cooled, and 1n_the process of thick effoet of internal heat, the sole. From that tiwe it las been inhabited, fi Look at this map of South America for one mo- ent, one of the serfes of beautiful maps made by Prof. Shuiehy, it whieh the pliysical foaturee are so distin tation of South Awmerica. the geological formation of the intelligeut andience e used Prof. eck board, tically received. He said: witness commerce and civilization. Amazon shall be upened to of Beptenmher next, as 1t 18 their Fourthof July. Jectures on that vailey that ite become acquaiuted with with its nmturad products, may be prepared to aval 11 be at xt Jocture enter prre imate, the character of apeity Like all other inequalities earth, the Valley of the Amazon events at Jong inte t those sne- b Wave wade oar earth or, thevefore, to nuderstand the ble to colleet in a short survey of Jand, it is necessary that ¥ showld of the caving upon the appreciation of try. 1 wish T is necessary part of my subject, plogy is mot yet a part of our it is mot even alweys o part yet, us & scieuce, that its mental all, just as all under- meerning every branch ast sadd that the physical as determined by the geo- sueh lands, are owlng to & sncees- and ation, progress y facts o , it has grown to be what it is. There b -which docs wrface of the extensive tract of land struction to those geo- giobe, and in heen ut pec L ve fran 1 that crust thicker, so thick that k ol d hot water beiu W in regular ebhand place, an began 1o move p were deposited ers. I that a solid mu- d materials, or fire and the _ erust of new 1 of heat and water, wore correctl u in thickness and finally that, shut out from the face has beeowe Subabit- t, by Jon of nd then, throngh s suc rOCess of surface. In extensive wfigcuration of th came, first, isles, the inents bave arisen above the sea, cen modificd by further npheavals unti), in the cowrse of thne, the y the animals WAY TOL have the evidcuces oy ¢! it 16 ane a1 (s Kame bed jb O sures which extend ac r‘iifi‘l o 18 & rupture across (wo of these very lrvglun to which T have transverse valleys mountain chains, T mountain f‘h?h , M alluded, through Wb’ tending In this Woy, #0 tho cut of base, 80 that you have sections, diagrams, we may say, of the are thg hatural thing, and of whi a vofligh ontli his way it beds have been folded ; rials in enspensio Vorizontal beds, Take & and let the mud sbside ;Ah)nm( it the bottom. Examine wiat Becomes of the materials carrfed into a lake after a freshet, & yon will find that they subside aud form horizon ayers. Examine at the mouth of & river, and yows find that all tho lose materials which have heen brought down by the viver are deposived in the shape of |~. ddlta, tiie beds of which are superpose orizontall 4\‘, one whove amother. This constant horizontality of all materials accmulated under the ageuey of water in the bottom of any Xind of basin, has led geologists 10 the “eonviction: tat whenever trata or bed of et Care o any position different from that of hortzonsatity, it is n --nlnmqll:nl"o ‘l"!“r ;ll’l:;lr::‘(;«;)'l: vy have bee iitted at & late ] e DT o beds from a lorizontal "G %ch 4 new road has been made, ex- y N u and right and left of the road I\r-):a mountains to the as geologists call internal structure, which feh this diagram would be is made plain that the r containing loose mabe- pt dep them otherwise thet in bowl aud fill it with thip mud, it will fori & Rorizontal # the inelination of an; a 18 the measnre of (hl',y(-hnn;ie which they have rgone sinee the time they were formed. That being the caso, we must adinit that all these beds in the Jura wore onee izontal, and that they have been folded in this manner by reme cause or other. Now, that eause : it may be a pressure from below at each lits, or it may be a pressure from the s to bo made, just as there would be in a shect of po aste-board which was preased with fficient energy from one side, which “would arch itself, and, if it was long n\mlfh, would arch itself re- pentedly, The question then, is, which of these causes hax produeed the change in the Jura i Is it the pressure from tire side, or 181t the pressure from heiow ! We can answer that it 18 both. We have the evide pressare at one time, and we have tl pressure from below at another time. That evidene obtained ir way : We lave liere materials of that kind which indieate that the) 1 a state of igneous fusion and have burst througl terials which are in miay be twool of these bulging hi; side, causing ruffle irregular stratag €lo the oppo: upon the sides of theso massive Tos [ center. That is direct evidence that at one time the beds heie (A A aud B B) were in a horizontal position : that materials in & state of igneous fasion have pushed M them, broken through, and caused them to slant Josite direction, thus forming the ineguality. ¢ the evidence of an immediate action below upward, or where, as in some wortions of the Wo sec that a succession of ripples like these are gradually fading a v at a distance; that, for instance, fin the face of the Alps there are heights of 4,000 and 6,000 feet, and then that toward the Weat, toward Burguudy, these heights are gradually fading away, until in the plain of Burgundy they are mere undulations. When we see that the slopes are steeper in the parts which face the Alps on that side t the opposite, then it Decomes plain that a lateral pressure Jias produced some of the features in these inequalities. Tha p: the evidence. That gives us the mechavical agency it does not give us yet the element of time. Now, before T approach the question of time, let us 1ok back to these acts a we have them here. The tableland of G *hibits masses of granite, on the slope of which there lates, and the like, from J inelined d ¥ of fthe Amazon, 1 have not examing northern _shore, but I e exa on the %s of the Rio Negro of the tableland of Guyana, and there, have masses of granite which are u of the consolid: against which ’mf southward, clay slates, mica .5 that are unstratified, that are all kinds of sand_consolidated, emted to- gether, baked by tuo internal beat. Iwish Ilad two or three Nours in which to ex) tion; but you see that I must condense here, it I wou come to the history of t aliey and give you the dences of the times at which these changes have ta place, and katisiy you that this (the Guyana table-l the oldest part of Bouth Americs, that this (the tab) 1and of Brazil is the next oldest, and that outer spurs unmistakably, W stratified, that is, which are the re: tion of masses in a state of igneous fusion, rest, in a slates and {Mb-l“(vll gueiss, reglon_of the Andes) is of comparatively recent date. Take the table-land north of the Amazon, the tab of Guyaua, the question would at once be, whether it is not of the same age as the table-land of Brazil. Tt might appear that it was so bat for one fact, that on the slope of the table-land of Brazil we have strata of a youuger date thau on the slope of Guyana. But lere” 1 must fussume something. All these heds which we find restin upon one another have been Aeposited succossivel and the lust are the latest deposited, and all those which rest upon any set preceding ave younger than that upon Which thiey rest; fust as, 10 illistrate again by wy exam- Me of & basin, if you pour turbid water into a basin and }I'L it subside, it forme a deposit at the botton pour in ss of turbid water, without disturbing that and you will Lave & second die first; and s0 you may another m which is already deposited, deposit, which will be ongop o Valley of the Amazon been of. 1y ave at once the ymage of the pb {Pointing 0 e n:p,\ You see bere the backbone of the continent, along Pacific Ocean, the wnd- more SOUthern po: s to to table lands of 10,000, rx.?fi i yming the barrer: of the contivent these higl llu»dl' o azl, and these other Ligh lands which is the table land ‘Gudyana, ud between (hem you have ihese Jow iands, Pueltie, e, Which are hich are only 600 to s belng the Valley of the Awazon [ind the e A&), _this Nl:‘ of the Orivoco. magon ; and here we lon—at all eveuts, & ¢ head-waters of th Ilhew. Three the table land of Audes ju apother ties of that continent axe of very different age. continent s the 1yble land of , 48 the northéru portious of our continent - rth Amverlea compares In a striking matmer witl Routh n Torm an wlogleal 40 T aball aliade vepentedly to the physia our continent with a view sise Mdea of the cont. Tor granted that. the known. The next cidest part of the eontinent is ek Tand of Bruci, et i ntiug ). 1t 16 of comuparatively recent dute, aud pfes- guy #hall siow you how geologists have kuceeeded in i § ‘when the whole range of the Andes did not yet exist. The i has rmlmbl,r W en these two islands om the Atlantic to the Facthe, Just as with ne there as & time when what constitutes Canada and the whoie tent of the land to the nporth of the great lan Lakes was a large J<and, stretching from rador_in - a direetlon westward from the Mountaine, when 1o other part of North Argerica existed, The geologis the mineral lands on youd the possibility of a doubt, that that i continent i¢ the oldest, and thi Pt fhae extensive island, ob: Borih totonin, exteoni t; et i6, & large 1) Uiou was at ane t merics which existed, sea, and the Lime Wi rior to that during 0 formed. At alater tiwe another tract of our North- oru conbment bas been radsed, the Alleghanies, und so the pontineut of North Ame le, & V, tho vorthern lands extending In an_east- rly direction (the th ~Aweriea the west, there bein ou see, then, that our wit by three great plumvnl—nnd‘ ;hnl isod trending 1o the the uj val shape of the continent of North Amurica has jow, you see, there Is somethin that, o slightly modified proportious. i Seath America, nyane corvesponding 1o the Canadian Wil lsud, the flblc Land ‘of Brazil correspomling to the Alle, 'h-uyllt. m, um Kocky Monntalus to the Andes. 10 whichthese apheavals have taken place Is well un- goologiutns and yet I fear that 1 might o prisn been formed. retood Loruition ©xplai fiatewants with reference to these npheavats wue cooling from the state of prin " , it paturally shrunk ¢ for everybody knows that aterials in 8 hested st of irun red hot is Jou, har stretches when it s . Now, suppose onr - will coutract, und th . @urince will pecessarily collapse; and, In consequenc of tily of which 1t consists bsidence, it will shri “fll will form irregul mn’ @apon the waterialy o s fusion, detenuive a flow from within of i 1s {which earth and may cause all gorts © Qus mountatn chain valn, this outward preesure, of melted matesials ularites. han, fisding thelr was jed; whicli, in con 5 , I8 thro kY il puathe this m oxt Germa of the La. fudicate x b, with « ny be m, It has b mve there, to , $80 Glosses 10 Lhe exas, Y OBe who bk oy :2' Wountalne nre sre #o plain ther them, ur to withista w you, now, how the ting upon the blpekboa, D) of Hurope stion of Wounlalps heve boe BT S o whoertained wi “ Of Ibountaln formation were unced by the | goulogint i e of Noufchint Alastrsie s of Pt Jor it rvee (llnstrafing) reprose lg. | e Dinis of ohuthie, wud here anol Al * n Brazi] on the othes, and the chaln of the the relutive age of different mountainehuing. tme when! Grayana existed hen she table lands of Hrazll existed us ; by this Government with the surve) st Alleghanies io n porth-enst south-westerly « E‘hhuf"u Ehe Rocky Somstalas: The. ond oo oomi e off toward e fv«»ln gica wean b " upheaval rectiop of the Canadian Jaks cofthe valley, did Tnot make afew general T 1uto wrinkies and fortos sud all sorts srogalaritics. 'We ¢an truce these obanges with great | Sateness, and there are soie tracks of our counts L, J6 the Jira Mouutains, 41 the flion: e & degroe of DeAUIESR That Twise 0UL- Yen, tlurivg fifleen years, uiy good fortang il jon ‘9 thest evidence. Switceriand, he. 8 8 valiey hotween these va rikiug in Ty great ns whole chiain of the Andes a d 14, you have the so-called fable lands 800 feet above the level of the r Valley of the P. These volleys anicate with er. Hare the Valley of ihe Orinoco, with the w of the Amazen, throngh the Caciguiara, which 1s a nn-& emptying partly inte the Orinoco, and into the Rio Ncgro, which itsclf flows info the have nearly a water communics- vmmaulcation easily roade between e Madeira and the head-waters of Jelands, Gnayan. on the one sidc, wn;;ll{\&e the 13:« uf - The fif".t"fii Lot tis anold, Airection, Guayasa. copetitution, features L of glving w more inent of Eonth Amrica, as 1 teke aspeet of this coniinent 18 more the youugest is thie (pointing 1o a8 wn island, n island, bot Lake Baperior bave ektablished, that it was &t one thwe 1o narrow 1n the direction from ve in the direetion from east 1o and extendiug In an east-wester] hue the ofily portou of Nort or which arvse sbove the level of hen 1t existed in this isclation was which our coal deposits have riea Decame, as it wete, an open green and white mountaine), and Iand was open Just a8 du v D to the no Audes at that th portion uf the continent hi vecurreices, fieat, by T th uphieaval I shall ¢ xplain e lands trending in the ; thewby th vil of rection of the e and of the Rocky Monntaine—+o the wimilar to he Mun- D with sufficent precission the Wi our neous fu- ate nre larger th when cool, ger (han when cold, heawed, and contracts when it is th 10 be cooling, 1 heinuterinl ust upon itk A vel, 1t will fold jiself, and these arttics, and thess hregularitios, below, which are still fo a | iy biest ghrongh the erust of Aisraptions and ir- are nothing tut these out throv igh the polid crast, or | quience of e shriuking of the ant This | cunering in which all the detuls o The Lt data our sge, Leopokl Buch, Von o here wre these fuctsowhich | the geological foriif] 13 i our 1% 2 geologiedl nyusenm, contain. stinction for all who inay visit clogy there, sud to Juin of thome hilis; and 1 t-m--’??u'fl wsedd tlie Jura dmst understand wed, becanse the facts there 35 dmpowible 1o overlook And let me cts kre, Buppose s line (lius- wd) to yepresent beds of rock, W e clay; and thesd thines of the moun- © paradlel mountaln ranges, d 1he same | y suecestive deposits ways on top of the er; and if you desired to determine which waa the Jater and which wae the younger without locking at their superposition, suppose, for ifstance, that you had two Dasing, each containing similar deposite, how would yon answer the questione, when were they made, which wwis made first, which wae m: d, or were they made at the same time ! 1f you have a watch aud Jook” on you 1ay determing it by time in this case. But suppose you 0 to & country where y of certain kinds of Yock, and you go also 10 auother country where you find of the same kind of rock, the question at ouce ariscs, ave these beds of the fine agel And even 1f the beds are of different kinds of rock, yon may still in they of the swme age, or of different age the same honr, Tcould deposit sand aud 1oud_ju ghe other, and the de would be very ditferelt i character, et they wonld have taken placegt {0 semd time gug would be of the same age, Now, ihese questions can be determined in geological history bys one veryssimple process, All the Inaterials which are accumnlated ‘in these rocks, beside the fragments of sand and elay and mud, and thé like, the matwrials derived from decaying aninials and plants, the boues and teeth of anfwals, the solid parts of shell- fish, the coating of tiie crab and tohe like, all these are pot decgmposed at onco when they dle, although tley wa Do Ditied at_ the vottom of the" water i whick they lived. Now, any naturalist who would be fur- nislied with a mass” of send from eny of our harbors in which these remains were to be found, could at onee determine from what part of the coast the sand was taken, beeanse the animals and plants which live on the surface of the eurth, in the water sud on land,eare limited in their geograpbical distriqution, they are not the samo overywhere ; and therefore by their ditferences of character they may be recognized and distinguished, aud ft 4a known frum the higtory of our earth, as far a6 ologlets have madest ont, that the avimals which have ved in different periods of that history have not been twe same. The animals and plants that Jived during the accumulation of our coal, for lustance, were Aifferent from those which Lived at an carlier period, from those Whicki ived ate n later perlod. The plants, romains of which are tound in the conl-beds are not our pines, maples, oukes, and the Mke ; wmong fhem we figd nothing like our own, Naw, suppoee that all thi has been studicd und systematized, and the character of have a third and fourth, and as a8 you pleaso—the later the remains of cach cpoch 80 registered ds to bé re- cogusable, just as coins have been studied and nged by antiquarians, &0 that an . sutl- quarian will at ohve recognize a Rowan coin, or au Egyptian coln, 0r & coin of luter date, even if uo date 16 upon the cofy, and will tell jts date by its char- acter. Thaf is the way in which a geologist can de- termine thé relative dge of anlmal or vegetable re maipk, and he peried to which ey veloug, by Nip knowledge of the distinctive characteristic of the reiaing of each, agé or epoch. te superposition. Tt Is very eaty to mmine, beeause, of course, that which s below is the ¥, and tbat which 18 above is tho yoanger; but where you have not the Where you have fmme 2 jmmediate superposidon you uust resort to thi {ndirect way: A it "liap veen ascertained that on Brazil in various pe parts—I have examined it myself liere along the Atlantic coast, and {n two iuetancés in the basin of the Chinqua and the Tapajoz=there are beds of & more recent age Jifted Wip, then the beds Which bave been Jifted up by the table-land of Guyana; so that, supposing fhese hrdu{n be the first, sccond, and third that have been deposite there, we {lnd (Lat oo the slope of the table-land of Bra- 7], besides the first, second, and third, a fourth, fift and ixth Lave becr aised also; hat 1s 'dire evidence that the table-land of Brazll s younger than the table Jand of Gulang that while this was the first Jand in Bouth Americ t 1080 above the level of the ocenn, this was raised somewhat later, but also at a yery early period. Let ns turn for a moment to North Amer- iea, and compare this with what we have there, and you will st once sec with what ease these fucts may be sscertained everywhere. Suppose we start from the northern coast of Lake Kuperfor, or. from the northern portion of any of the great Canadian wkes, what do we find~ ju these morthern lads| We find granitic rocks and the oldest. etrutified rocks | kuown to geologists, which are designated by them wnder Mie name of Azoic, that Is, rocks without traces of animal lite—rocks which were deposited bufore animals or plants livedupon our globe, or at least at o tie when animal or vegetable life was not profusely developed—and apon that fwrther south, throtigh the northern part of this Htate, we find doposited beds of the later oge, the Pots- dam sandstone, the sandstone of the shores of Lake | George, then 1lie blue limestone of Trenton, then the Hme- of Nugara, interveniug eclay hetween all these The rocke of the Btate of New-York are very old in geological Mstory. They are ve e older cobl. hey had boen depostied’ Tong before tha first 3""" g froln whieh coal Jias b de- veloped; and these are hardly Qisturbed by the upheavals 1o which must be as tending iu an enst-wester) o8 &0 those lills o3 v direction 10 the north o Great Lakes, from the Abares of Labiador 10 the foot of the Rocky Mountaive. Go o the Alleghanies, on the con- trary, and there yonfind the whole tract of land folded ; you 1ind the conl:berring rocks folded and distributed, a% Well e the older slates aud clays, showing that the Alie- ghanies have risen at o unuch Tater period than these hills of Canada, and. thut the beds of the wlddle geological agos wero already deposited when that mountain rango which we call the Alleghanies roeo above the sen. S0 that 1 this expanse, yaii see at onece, that.we have the lireet evidence that the Alleghanles are youngerthan the ‘anadian hifls, just in the same proportion ae the table- land of Brazil is younger thau the lnh‘o land of Guayaue. (Avplawa] it we waut the additional evidence bt the higher «f &l thess moun- tius ..vqymmm st e waut the evidence OUr wasergion thal ndes bave rise er land of Brozit and Gua Hiat the Touks Slome- #ius have riscn after the Allegl a, and that the Rocky Mount- Lills. Now that evidence is jnst ot e g other, and, Uyt there should bo no donlit on the matter, [ wally presented as the will jist sllude eapidly to a fow elemeatary facts bl ogy. ¥ T"m {he Whole et of rocks of which the :‘:lnf(ulf our eartll Is comyposed, we find, have stated, the old: et are generally celled the Azole roc other AM{ which gealoglsts have called the Bilarian sy stem, suidived it & number of. beds, then we have anotler wet wiiel 15 called Devouian; then another set which js wnlYNI‘u oniferous. JiiKito that set which belong the which coutgin owr conl, to that another set called the ks 5 then we have an. e rmian, they other, the Tri othe 3 Jurazie, anothesd, the Crataceous.’ amother the Evine,. another the Migcens, auot) : J s jer the P sud upon that are found fhe depomits \’mnh' .:m !l)(‘::;:r'l‘\'l: 1:;:. (.l:.n.u very wowent, These sets of | eds constitute ey Vet wean theee tw: Degn loglets call geological kystems. The, h'w $- 300 start boen deposited during tiuee il which na.ommd)’nflfl: l’fi'mn, w'fl:'fld'u[a '.‘"Jf‘i‘f.““‘-}'v'.fi Ii’“ the u!e‘-nd ' ench had g Muvfln‘_?’f_ g e ontlives of talands and RS o s what they bave "‘"}:‘M‘(nfiln“."p', 67,0 s0 was the cli- T4te, and so were the anin D o werp the plAnta. %!ry(hlng Quring each of thesr " oo gg 1 l‘f”en SSIaY nd the study of o of tts present form con- sists i the investi” fn of tleso different con- and the eclogist Dbegan to pirsuo these stadies in the game_ mammer as the historlan. The historian doee, ot “Wecessarily embrace every event from the €re 4{jon of man to to-day ; the ficld 18 ton exten- Hve now; ‘aut It 1a fo be cultivated with equal il in all ita brancaes, and_there aré special studies which may be f:pm ular epochsnay to particulas lreumacrip: face during particular epoohis, and that ls "l'""’“ tion T4 toe mow. Thoy write geclogical in one of the provinces of wflab the geologisia are doing listories of tho Salerian l‘ilro;:‘-flohl‘.mm—am- of m most splendid monographs that on the Salerian age P Jogical history is fiffl\:"th:t small nrea of Europe which we call Bohemia, We have similar monographe of the geologieal history of some parts of our owi cl\nflm‘n!i 1imited to sowe partkalar epoch: but each of these fragmentary Yistories is a contribution to the whole historv of the ehanges which our earth s undergone from the begin- ning to the end; and by the knowledge which has been obtained of the eharacter of each period, it becomes possible, and every day casier, to Trecognize a rmH mentiry remain of one epoch whenever it may be found. We have fragments, for instanc of the eretaceous PORI S {8, deposits formed during the time when tn Europe the white chalk was accumulating on southern coast of England, the northern const of France, and the coast of the Baltie. er tocks, other beds, but at the Thurng that period other rocks, other beds, but ot the B samo time, were formed on th Sands of New-Jersey belong nearly to the same period, the wiite chalk of Enrope s little betore; but the reare after-the white chalk in FEurope some beds which are clayey and sandy, and whi h wmla::)nd to_our green sands, Now we know that these depdsits of New-Jersey > ; oot » — 3 DRIDGD L3 WASHINGTON SWEPT AWAY- e SREST DESTRUCTION OF FROFERTY. BY TRLEERAP”, 10 TR TRIBONE. o WASTINGTON, Feb, 5.—The railroad bridge (Long Bridge) across the Potomae River at this point, ®ith another across the east branch, were entirely ewept away this morning by the breaking up of the ice above the city, which carried everything before it. It is stated that & number of persons wero lost ‘while crossing the bridges, but no particulars have yet l;-mpln:d. The ice gorge began to move at 6:30, and At 7 . m. there was not a vestige of either bridges to be seen, All railroad communication with the South, is of course, suspended by thisjroute.- The ice in the Potomac is rapidly breaking up. Immense masscs are already formed, threatening great distruction of property, Al- ready several sections of the Long Bridge and of the Rail- road Bridge have been swept away. Thousands of per- sons, both at Georgetown and Washington, are to-day watehing the progyess and effects of the accumulating of floating ice. Later—Much damage is reported in Georgetown by the breaking up of the ice, which was from 13 to 14 inches thick. The wharves were overflowed, and the ice, press- ing against and under them, litted them from their foundations. For miles the Potomac River presents the appearance of one immense plowed fleld, with Lere and there high banks of ice, that seem to have ul:fi]h‘ upon rocks and inercased in hight, until the reced witer left the ilcebergs -undlng above the rough face, A number of fishermen’s hoats are buried, aud under the ice at variows points. were formed at the same time as these deposits in Enrope were also accnmulating, aud gho whole has received l'm name of eretaceons, becanse ©of thie faet that the white thalk belouged to that period. Now, how is that lants which recognized 1 are always the sands and By certain anfmals and Zoand in all those, beds, just s clay of the present period could easily be recognized and distinguished from sand and dy of an earlierage, by the fact that in the sands of the wreuent day there would be certain shells invariably found. The common clam extends not only along the American coastof the Atlantie, but also along the European coast of the Atlantic. Anywhere a deposit of clay found in one day on the shores of the Atlantie, whether on the Amerfcan or European coast, would be recognized by geologists as of the same I)«rlml by the Twesance of the clany, and go it 1 that by the preserice of terfain remains' of animals and plants the idcutity of timein these deposits may be traced. I have chosen the cretaceous period for n}mrlll‘ulu ason, because it would take me too long to explain the character of all these periods, and the cretaceons perfod 18 of particular interest to us becauso of ifs ‘occur renco on certain slopes, Cretaceous beds have been found nlong this tract lero at the foot of the Andes. They have been found by Iumboldt to the South of Carracas, They have bean found by otber geolo- irists at the foot of the Peruvian Andes. They Liave been found by an English geologist, recently, on the banks of the Paras, one of the tributaries of the Amazon. I have jdentified fossils ns belonging to the cretaceous period, from the Province of Sierra. Now, these beds are unmis- htably cretaceons—that i, they are unmstakably of the e during which the chall has been accumulated. Tomains of aninals bave For here and there, been found in these beds, which are of the same familice as those which have been found in the chali of Earope, and identical with those which © been found in the Cretaceons beds of New-Jersey, North aud South Carolina of Alabama, and Towa. On the banks of the Missour similar fossifs bave been found they are known (o ar fosel ke of the Mississippi and have been found upon the ban upon the iuner coast of the Southe State touwr{ great extent. What 1call the inuer eoast of our conti- 10 30 and more miles ent, hat coast which is from 20 TR ) glnning of the Higly from the sea-const, which s the be lands. To the east. of the A we have everywhere, from Maine to Florida, & strip of low land which s not much above the level of the eea, and then o sudden yiso toward the 1ight of the mountains, Now, that low land is of re- cent acenmulatton, and at its foot, before rising iuto the Dights of the Alleghany range, we fiad everywhero cro- tnceous deposits, and these crétaceous deposits are par- tientarly eharaetized by the ocen 1 of the re- amaiun of 4 land of larg lzatd kinows us the Mosasaurus, W kind of lizard akin to the Iguanas of South America. Now, of that lizard, ekelctons have been found on the banks of the Missouri, remains have been found in New- Purus, and re- Jersey, remains have been found on the z aing have been found in Holland, n_Europe. ' You see e Tmve thus direct demonstration in & manner siiflar to that I varrated of ‘the found on the const of the Atlantic, that these beloug to one and the same period, and of tively recent date—of & much Inore recent date than the coal. Posterlor to the conl we Tave all the beds of the Trinssie and Permi The whole range of rosks which form Central En Whole of the rocks of South Germany and the lawger ex- Tent of Switzerland, belong to this Jurassic epoch. And it i# upon that that we fiud the first deposits of the ereta ceous geriod. And yet these cretaceons beda are raised and follow the slopes of the mountams to which I have alluded. Cretaceous beds are found inclined, al agaust the Rocky Mountalus; they are found aa at the fool of the Audes: are found inclined in the Sierra; ""E are found frclned in the wdes of Carracas; which shows unmistakably that that ountain range has been raised whove tho level of the wen long after the table-land of Brazil avd the tableland of Guiana had been formed; fustas the occurrence of Similar beds in an jnclined position, disturbed from their primitive horizontaliiy npon the slope of oer great west- ern range, shows that in She continent of A the or- der of the succession of mountajus hias been, first, the Canadtan Nl then the Alleglany rauge, and theq the Rocky Mountalne; as in Bouth America the order has been the table-land of Gulana, the table-laus u”inull.um“ne the Andes. You seo, then, that the facts Lear ou my mesertion that continents =~ are built succession, Dby changes in geological history- by changes which take place at Iun’ tutervals—and that the confguration of tiese mogata d thelr present thiese causes, | ligve eastern and weste beds, called cretaceor: llvpcmunce is the final result of ail alluded to only a few, aud what I have sald of the geolog, feal constitntion of the Amaron gives us oyly a general oufline. Now let us go a little into partienlars, if Tt docs ot tire your patunce, aud if you griut we o few more inuutes. (Applanse.] We will now take for grante: wé have here A busiy between the southern slope ¢ ana and the northerh sk and to thereast of the Aud Niese threo successi¥o upheavals—that the b n ite northern borders of grauite, agalust -lml‘ abut the ahcleut clay-states, mica-statos, and gheis Uit Northern slope of jt onsisa of smilar ‘ock, againgt which rocks of 4 more 1eCENY, but ot ’i[ @ very recent, age are also found abutting. And we find hiere that thé eastern gope of the Audes comlsts of a lnrge number of beds of all 1 periods; for we find in the Apd carbonifero aesio beds, and cretace vm!\-r‘, 1 of which b a been palsed. But the valldy of the Amazon owes its present appearineé not simply to +" It has been gradually 1oditied, and bas been niodi- fied through all times, and 16 being wodified now; just as the valley of the Mississippt, whjoh flows between three reat hills, or ranges of uphieavals of this continent, has heen modificd 1u the courss of time. The first trait 1o the formation of thevalley of the Misslasippl wis its separation from the Arctic Ocean, by the upheaval of tie Canadiu Kille. From that time the Aretle Qcean ceased t communicate with the geean to the south of It, being sep- arated by the great Canadian twlnnd. The pext step was the uepnrnllu?lut the Pacifiy from the Atlantic by the upheaval of the Alleghanies. From that time the Atlantio beat sgainst the Alleghanies, but the Pacifie Deat alee agninst their feet, The Pacifio was not yet shut mntlmnnhuen(ml&nmoh- of thys continent, "It Was not until the Rocky Mountains rose that thé Pacific Was thrown further west, and that this continent gatued in width. And 60 was It here in South Amerlca. ~ As lon, as the Andes were not up, there Was free corumnuicatio between the table lands of Guians and Brazil. The Valley of the Aw was A Lroad strait between two Jarge Islans When It gnge beepige cirenmacribed by the upheaval of the Aude:! t el 0 an an internal modeling of the vijley—a mo n:: 3 ’c 18 going on, and whicl 1s accompavied by wasté of another mmf. The va }o‘; of lh(‘Mlulull i) chan, unlfr 10 doubt, but 1t s & coptineital valloy-wit § lon which we recognire as a valley When wz tuke futo cons In consists zon sideration the great leading fogtures of the geological structure of the whole torthern portion of the eontinept. And, o it 18 & contine flll valloy Which W recognize os & valley when wo take ”xo cousideration llznlcndln' ires of the Bouthern Contiuent, But, {n i{self it em. wces a varlety of other valle 'i“ the Mississippl 8* valleys~the’ Sinsisaippt draips the e Olio, ozv ¢ Platte, of the Capadian gud and of all the minor rivers; apd énch one of hese winor rivers Las ite collaternl Yallcy, t?uw. those #waller forms of |'lx||l|fnrn|lfln into all theso minor tracts of land are prodaced by otlier causes thay those com e lensive geologicnl agenta—they are prodnoded b tion—that i8 abraslon, by wear -nJ or of {a urface under -the influence of thoke lionu bjeh wre incessantly g work. The chafige of telnpera- zum during " (the .lq:mlnnl. rodu¢ing frost And bawing,is aione enough to dfsintograte a large smeunt of rock. And ounee disintegrated, theso nu.f\'u:noe become easily affec rans, roshet s—and in has another effoct. The anical power o other agents more vowerful laciers are known now to work bhard upon roc Tuey‘ Davo been I:IWI" extansive in foymer times than now, and they have pro- duced very extensive action upon the earth. I shall bave occakion, in & future ture, to show you that the present conflguration of our Northern Btates, the form and outhue of the surface, are what they ure in con- soquence of the effect produced upon them by sheets of jee which once covesed the whole of this continent, It seeins hardly possible when we look at the flourisiin, condition of ‘the country—~when we look at the mild ¢ l;f mate which extends over its whole range—but yet facts #0 to show that this has taken place. And now these abrading influences produce the minor tralts in its config- uration. W IllnhLme valley of the Amazon wo LgVe then the effects of the abrasion, and We recognize them, as everywhere, in the dQisintergration of the rocks. Aud one of the most curious of the phenomenon connected with the geclogical constitution ¢f that vnller{o. Yy owing water | ther T’ .‘,‘{F L) 8 AL agent which ons modellig and remodelin tllm nui;w«t A'::“;;{ .n?: is that the w! Jey fromm the foof of tho Andes to 4 at sediment is of o very reeent date—it consists of ol and sands which have filled the valley to an extent Hir beyond what there ‘is Jeft of them. Theso deposits once n$e over the valley: to the hightof 800 or 900, nearly 1,000 feet above thetevel of the sea. And 10w by n cause pos- terior to that which produeed their accumulation, they in heir turn have boen washed away to such an extent that at this uowent they are found ouly over & part of the arca, but in such connection that andoubtedly they wepe Oueo connected connected throughout lga whole basth, It you find in & Lusin which las borders a level suparior to the water level, and yow find fu that basin a hill pere, o bill there, and avethér hill here [[luatrativg on black-board|, and you find that thesé bl are stratifingd horizontally, and that'thé strata consistaof the pame may erial, thougli there may be nothing bet ween the Dbills to eo. nect them with one ‘another, from the fue of their being nniform in structure, you have no doubt left that they weye once runmmou—tiut all thess beds werg connected—tigit they have Yeen deposited one after the othier, and oné\above the other, in regular succcssion, and that if now yourave lsolated hills, it is because the parts which forméd the Intervening valleys have disappeared, and the Lills are tius left remaining alone. Now, thai that been the ose, and that that {s the mode robably crushed, g‘he ‘mast of & plensure-boat protrudes above the ice at the aqueduct, and a small sloop was lifted from the river and laid upon the wharf. Both the l.on1 Bridge and the Dewly constructed Railroad Bridge, unitivg Washington with the Virginia shore, were very seriously damaged, large sections having been swept away by the aceumula- tions of ice and drift-wood. The pack earried lwl£ three schooners from the neighborhood of the Long Bridge, one of which is badly damaged, but all were sub- Requently securod. A long-boat was also cut through and sank. Theice Is packed In some cases five or #ix feet high along the west bank of the Washington chaunel, and the current is running over the flats at a fearful rate, carrying down timbers of the bflan, c. At the steam- hoaf wharves the pressuro of the ice-pack was 80 sharp that fears were entertained that the boats would be gwept out in the jam, and crushed or seriously Gnllinged therein, Bteam was accordingly got up upon and efforts are being ~made to work around to @ sheltered position lower down. The body of the jce and timber }n blocked up at Eleventh-st, arf, The water came® into the City canal with a rush, and suddenly raieed over the bauks, filling the ecllars on the south side of the ave- nue, earryIng away Jumber from the canal banke, and do- ing considerable damage. A dé:‘mcn mmvx«T»r'g Ferry, rece 1 at the office of the Collector of the Chiesapeake and Oljo Canal, announces that the water there is subeid- 1, 1o harw done, and the bridges all safe. CRIME. — HEAVY BOND ROBBERY. ‘Wall-st. had another sensation yesterday. Between 1 and 2 o’clock ayman went into the office of Mr, Leonard W. Jerome, No. 41 Exchangeplace, and stole United States bonds to the amount of §100,000. The boudswere Five-Twenties, aud had just been recelvad from Brown, Brothers & Co., and placed upon a desk in the office by & clerk. A number of people were in the office at the time, The robbery was discovered within five minutes after its oceurrence, but hot in time to arrest the thief, for whom Qilligent search was at once instituted. The only clue to the rogue s furnished by a gentleman who was waiting to speak with Mr. Jerome, who saw a man pass from the stove, where he hnd o vpnn’nll{ been warming liis hands, toward the desks, going behiud that upon which the bonds nd at onuce come back and saunter outof the office. A3 'soon ns the theft was discovered, Information Was conveyed to the Superintendent of Police, Who detectives on the case, angd they have gone to work wpon the falut clne lhi“ posscss as to' the man’s identity. bers of the stolen bonds will be published wdn;. s ne offers s roward of §25,000 for the secovery of the securities. DEECENT ON A GAMING HOURE, At 10 o'clock, Jast night, Sergt. Schoonmalker of the Fifteenth Precinct, with a platoon of men, entercd the gaming establishment of Joseph Wallace, located on the second floor of No. 96 Bixth-ave., and arrested the pro- piietor, and 10 others, whom they found were playing “Keno." The ‘mmml implements, which wern vel costly, consisted of a revolving globe, about 100 balls, and he nuuber of “chips,” together with @ quantity and two fally boards. Tie prisouers fmplements were taken to the Station- the former were locked up for the night. are the nymes of the prisovers: Joseph 33, Unlted Etates, clerk, keeper of the Jlnce ; John Tuyrnep, aged %, United States, 1o occupa- ian ; 'George Btevenson, nged 33, United Btate and the House, where Charles Gerpuin, hgod 22, United Btate Willian Hagles, aged 22, Canads, expressdriver; George Browh, 29, U. K, butcher; Ilrurfl Norris, 93, U, butcher; Menty Blevens, a4, U. B, Dutcher; Kichird Brown, 4, Germapy, clerk; Leorgo Robbins, 27, U. B, buteher; Richard Marsh, 2, U. 8, horsedealer. When the police entered the place oue of tho part, {uln ped into the damb walter, lowered bimself to lflr Tré fl((ol‘, and then escapeod. ARREST OF E. 1L MAYLAND. Y TRLEGRATE 7O THR TRIRUNR. nMoxn, Va., Feb. 6—Edward H. Mayland, the ailrond clerk, who absconded from Jersey City with , was arrested here to-night. e i o e e THE WEST INDIES. Nuw-OrLrans, Fob. 4, 1807.—Your correspondent, writing on the 1st just., says that the Harriet Lane 1y ready for sea. The Grocers’ Baok isto be upgler the firm name of Barber o old concern is in lignidation. , Gevernor of the Esstern Department, died on the 30th. The Tresstiry apnounces that the Banco F-rmnn will rednice its Treasury bouds issned UP the 1st_of Yebruary, 1665, 1he “smallpox has abated at Matanzas, The Spanish steamer from 8 on the £2d ultimo brings an account of a bLattle tween Col. Moveno's forces and thoso of Murtipez. Bome of the latter are said to ave deserted Martinez, The In lists claim that B e i O N et larais B Ja a by lund and wafer. At Martinique, in the French colonics of the Went Indies, the quest {on of promoting agricultural interests is greatly pgitated, and every menns re- sorted to (’? meet demapds for Jaborers, and with fajr prokpects 6f su arge a { gun)wn of eigrants continued to 4 at Martinigge. The telegraph ine between St Pierre and Fort Do France is cow- pleted, CITY ITEMS. ——— PersoxaL.—Ex-Cov. Buckingham of Connecticut, 18 at the Fifth-ave, Hotel; Prof, Agassiz 1s af the Everett Housey Judge Coe, Youkers, and the Hon. Joho Jeffrics, London, are pt ”l" Metropolitap Hotel. foon A¥D Darsk.—Prof. Hebbard'e lecture this evening at Cooper Institute will be upon the subjeot of Food snd Drink, aud will, doubticss, be of special luterest, Mavoy's Ovrjor—Mrikt {fa v ik & |,r.(¢'|.;':4;¢. NG/ COMMISSIONERS.—At & meoting of the Btreet-Cleaning ?ummlulan, held Feb, 8, 1807~ppesentythe Mayor, Messre, onnolly (Controller), (1: ‘Gorman (Counsel to Corporation) and Bebliltz (President bf llnur? of Health)=the following T red by the Mayor and adopted: #olution i offe m»—.filn L l wirietor for clesning the styec 10 keep Uhe streets conves rected forthwin irees wufdsiely pussabie fo vale ubeytly passable for vebicle + ddgt ¥ &"p'l‘; o LR prose, .lufi hat be would o resolution, althou thiuk be Was Fequired to do so hyI;.lll CO::[I‘m‘l.hu ey o required £ velicles Lale e INCREASED TeLEGRAPHICO FACILITHES.—Mr, Cyrus ‘WaFleld spila in the Cuba this morning for England. He oes out ou the business of the Nowfoundland Telegraph Company, r order & submarine cable from Placentia Buy 33 :16:0’ h Capd Broton, or to somé polpt nearer on the a, Tgre it will weot the Westcrn Unlon Jines, thus Vit th ho long land lnea in Newfoundland. 086 11 owgver, are to be kopt up, and as soon a8 prin OM?I: w {ine s to be Bullt over the old road f“' rough gm-u by the Newfoundland Company 0 or ll rsn . There will thep be three perfect lines, which flut prevent any fally ra&erflller 10 the prompt teandmisslod of news. With thesd improved land lines, and the new submarine cable to_Cape Breton, the chalg of eloctric commmication with Europe will be complete ¢ In compliance with le 10 wituess the d boancem: e request of many who adi ¢n e Boots and Sloen made hibition for two days, Tuesd e , 6t and 6t 0. 47 Park Row. BunrNuay's AMerican Busivess CoLreae Bpringfield, M masaged with an ez to recusiog (he good will :‘n\rl y. 1t aystem of iustruction i thor- proved by all who examioed it —— 3 PyLE's O. K. Soar—Hard, and not liable to impru- dent waste. It recommends itsell Try it Bold by s everywhere. Depot No. 350 Washigtou-st. 5 —— The TRIDUNE ALMANAC FOR 1807 is Now READY. Price 20 cents. See advertisement under bead of New Fublies- Tous. FROM NEW.ORLEANS, Peb, b-lu stoamabip Missisipploirs. It Bowen and child, J. M. Hear) olt and wife, Mre. Wo Sea G. M. Wood, Mirs .E..... T, Duuaiog. 3. M. s aod to chiires, A T. Gannlog, P. H. b 0 ebildren and nurve i M. Stovens and lufant, 1., wife, child, asd scre: aut; Bugeon b, MeClaio the o 3 Day, 1t U, 8.1, aud 33 ja e dan. 11,12 021 for Now-York. Jan. 21, laty g letter from v h"mwu.:'“—' 73100, - DISASTERS. WaAtH1¥oton, Peb. 5.—The Btate Department has received the follow- Bordeans, conntered heavy gales within the Day of Biseay, and narrow) o aee "2 o maia was wasbed o ' drowned durivg the storm; he was & native and a subject of The captain was obll 1o thirow overboard a portion of to_lighten the vessel aod the leak, which had greatly inereased. brig Roslrn, also an A, can veasel, which eleared from this port for rleans on the 6th of wbrfldlulhrlhmlylh-d Brrmni, Wl it [ 4 ve to north- west of these islands J. L. Sears, master, from then in s “I.S resened by the Bri which bore up for these i has been presented to Captain masters in port. The erew (11 in number) bave heen and will be seut to-day in more.” The Publie Tight. Also, yould be ezbitited fn e DO} .. Boston, Feb. 5.—Arrived, from Darion ; schra. C. D. c:-,:ieu, from Galveston vanui Cuansesrow, Feb. 8. Cleared, ship Confidence, Railed, steainship Faleon, Fournrss Monnos, Feb. Baltimare for Wilial do: Fn, and flous Cork; Arcbibald Hueton, for Liverpool. Savanvam, Peb. New-Yorg. Clea red, stesummbip condition, The tiah brig Victoria (of Yarmouth), J. 0. inlands NOTICE TO HAfl"“. otk of France has 1667, a light wenld be exhi the Gulf of Dofore, sonth that from the lat day ence, for e e el g e e o 10 . hy Horses's Horu, Mess., Peb. 8,—Arrived, sehr. Lovett, Babeock, leak- Ing, and with the loss of her sails. ‘A 1800, Feb. 5.—~The following vessels, with eared {he past week; G. : Teceived e following from our Consul ) & {or Wood's Hole, and erew (22 them on thg steamer Worcester (of Tmrbor of Bouth from Cape Haytien; ly Rover, S Hewking, sad —Arived, sebr, Moy Day. from New-York, bark B, ¥. '.‘l' for Matansas. James Garev, from mes Garer, e great dificulty i #he expe wn the Chesapeake; the fce was solid below Balti Castle, Hercules, Bader Arrived, steamabip 1T Livingston, from Yannte,fo Baltimore. s MARVIN & CO’S ALUM AND DRY PLASTER FIRE AND BURGLAR Priseipal Warchouses, | ¥o: 8 IMAI’DW"‘;W»VM. T4l CHESTNUT- Wit oo 5 JLEST] mxm:xm; G?) TO ’l‘HfiflAg R, AGNEW?, Greenwich Floar and and Murray-sta., where you erything else cheaper than any stors in o Newsbork v prics o BOOKS of ¢ day 0 T0 MACFARLAND® Book Store, corner f,- lisb, French aui Scoteh BT semdund Werke, i s S TPE EMPIRE SPRING BED COMPANY. JI89T AND CHEAPRET SPRING BED—~RRCEIVED FIRST PRE PTG KewYork, Satn Agrien ~Barstoga Meeting, 1965, ent lave Bpri rders reeeived and ssuples shaws Xo. €2 -et., Row-York. Sold grerywhore. Ageats wanted. RICK! BRIC The Bm) fly with &leo, wackises, by Ll niwl' ection w does, 1t HADLEY' bigek. No conseckios JRENCH CF tute Llock, 9 MENCH CHI No vn-!wfil'l RED titute block. 0T GORLETS—GOOD ART dosen, st WARSHINGTON HADLEY' JFRENCH CHINA im?fimr rq"‘g{ picces, $30, st WASHINXGTOR HADLI Ki ection with corver store. At WASHINGTON lfi with corner sory, : THR H CHINA CUPS AND SAUC " ui-——‘?..LélllJl ON HADLEY e ’_M(.,Nujl_} X K1 BRICK! pire State Brick Machive s eapable of mannfaeturing 25,- horees and seven men, and with steas: wpers ite own elay, tate, County and Yard Righte for sale, 1. W. GREGORY, Agent '8, middle Cooper Tnstitute ith corner o tute '8, middle Cooper I F dosen, 4h wfmum#cn I‘Anwlr]a',Auuf. J.f.'. s . o sore. e DIN Num ET widdle Cooer Tusth 1INA N 8 iddle Ceoper Tuatitute block. TEA SETE piecis—7 HOFF'S MALT EXTRACT s § beversge sifutions, tu tite, serafals, chlorosia, whole yetemn HOFFE MALT EXTR and e aud in I rior o, ale, in, Wnge Ha Introduction, Pl by Jetters, sddronsed i No. 343 “1 AM HOARSE, “1 bave found GREAT DYSPEPSJA" T believe it to be th LONG STANDING." :b C. P. WAGNER, diseans which bas 4o m confrere advised me to fnable o testy het [ i rey Eate. Mr. L. Hlof ) deteo of Lhe community Price, #0 ogy ‘oo, Bion Kold by the A fjoree Ai’,h PA DESIROGS ufi.;,&km pertfuing to t Offce. __- BK & SOME] DAME & T < rile purchasers o {llyobuilt CARRIAGES, DAU COACUES, and ot FOI‘F BALE = A TRUOKS. Apply to :flmhs LATEST SHIP NEWS. PORT OF NEW-YORK ARRIVED, in which the present. basin of the valiey of the Amizon | g o sy sissippi, Bammer, New-Orteans, Jun. 26, via Fortre W you I my next Ttk mo apd posaie O, s L 1, and e nive Baabioag, 9-Origens, 11 dage, with sottou 1o D. 1L & San Witk - it ears experien wo to three boum Pays 10 years’ experience mornings in suece 4t ENGLIS] K BEVERAGE OF MEALTH larly sdapted 08 who ase laboring Ak * ot BV HR.A.GI 0P HEA] HOFP'S MALT q{fium‘ lo HOFF § Froi Tk pRoPRIFSR y years been my miser, wo the BIERE DR A 'r; HOFF'S MALT RXTRACT DEPOT 2 Brondvay, op leliv , fry Myo, Hoboken, Wil i B R _oxCE TRIED, ALWAYS UsED. . R RITES WS TO BELL and by the beat werkmen, at tlcir own may Lo persous of weak v dys e, peaal oty aod et o % 'AKES THR PLACE OP rter, and spiritnons o & remedial o A1y stiiwulatéry beverages and tonics are e T > ] ¢ PEVERAGE OF BEALTH alrealy e by thy frst funilion of the ety @ ‘spproval and e preséribed by the most eminent physicians, wl ‘unanimoas (1h¢ W3 eminent madieal en in favor of Hoffs Mall Preparation awing e evidunbe and which has, T | , procared for them Thefe exiots, indeed, ot fow touies im cares ) the stomach, the in the bladder, and above o'l of the , which aet s0 mildly and ot same time 10 promptly se HOPFS MALT EXTRACT has from incontestible evidencs been proved foaet The wlatart nduauce the amalgamation of ehasge of iatter, which | s placed beyond doabt. unnvmudn ol OVAL EVINCED TO BEVERAGE OF HEALTH (MALT EXTRACT DBPOT, Tirowtyay. o. 842, TR BAY T EXTRACT n practice and the results r o hen such a to fully ) he elaima made for it We feel cortain that it Is destined 16 supply & Tong,_felt In the elass of caxes to which itls applied.” 'Div, CRANK AND WHITE, o, 31 Weah Tryeaty vt FROM THE GOVERNOR, R. { FENTON: * Your Malt Exract ls 4 PLEASANT BEVERAGE.” * ) R B. FENTON. fhos ik MosT CPLERRATED GERMAN fRAOEDIAN, NR MALT BXTRACT, whigh MGUMIL AWISO wow nade h Y PRI u{« i TR dniaf {UGAR RUFINERY, MR, '.V MOLLER: A BENEFIT from your Malt B¥iTact In my eave, WILLIAM MOLLER. yoar DELICIOUS in the Old World.” AJL DAWISON. FROM MR. JAMES DAREMORE OF THE PIRM QF RANDEL & BAREMORE: e best kuown emnu‘l for COUGHS OF J (MES BAREMORE, gty — No. 263 Ninthave, says, when glving & new Extras ot X it , bt alvo & v e it thens Tt sononch 88 wel 4 i whel o ste PROM THE MOST llm‘zflm ):Tfinwlm. DR GORDON, OF r + * Wiile In Germany laab ye h e thine greatly from the A worthy German d 1 o OF HOPP, 1 h kom sspepes, ghd wn_greatly benefted bs it, ded 4 to miy persans . resds Gufering o ways with benelt to them. Mr. L. Hof goes to Nyw-York to estabiish Ahe 1aanufucture of desirods to have a recom mendation ard m to oblaiw it by my eertif- will merld the cout- ide.” FOR AMERICA, aryum's. o B any part of this rwey Liiy. e of ¢ wbnrgh, and Je gl IO{!!‘"[I‘E ('A!{;u:lllll \'Ylm he HOREE BUSINESS, HORSES, ke, KVILLE, No. 37 Nassaist, wvdu'kam"‘ eqmprisicg CLARRNCKS, COUPRS, Deadag chies £ byes worby fectory. our large new _two-horse N W. WILSON, No. 208 Broadway. RAWFORD, Horse-farrier and Doc otts, Heaves, had l:x W o B L AL e s . R all cases ot ne 1 Kentacky will be &t Tribuse Ofice thrce Tih, aud 6ih of Febrary. ., In horses; HOKSE BLANKRTS, Koo, 24 and 0 Want Brosdway, S s " | a AN of tbe bent | JUCUNDA, OR No. %00. GROWN BY J. KNOX, : PITTSBURGH, PA. The above cat Is taken from & large engraving representing & number of Berrles, aod published in The Gardeners' Monthly asd Ameriean Agriculturist. Tn mpport of ita eorreetoess and the genera excellence of tLis Strawberry we append the follawing testimonialsy $ v “The iMastrations we give (as above) are drawn from X . uq,mmwummm-?“wy"- Phitaburgh, whe we were there n Juse, and sent to Philadelphia tho - Bext day THOMAS MERHAY, Editor Gardeners’ Montbly. | *The above Engraving is & faithful represeutation, drawn from sctosl specimens, of fise fruit grown on the KNOX FRUIT PARM, sPitte- bargh. A. W. BARRISON, “Tts flowers are perfect, and fruitful to an enormous extont. year counted trusses that had ninety per cest of perfeet fruld a8 compared with the number of flowers. \A most value in this variety s the {great mumber of exirs large. berries. 1 great quantities, ten to twelve berries of which Slled & pist. must remember, were not merely a few selected ones for the ¥ tables, but there were bushelwof them sold every day In tho marked, whick-brought one dollar per quart. . This in equal to fout er Sve sesle great productiveness, it large and uniform size, and it protracted a0, bat, mre especially, an to ta, briliiant color, perfuct form, and e treme beauty, and consider it the most remarksble fraif of ite class (ot Las ever come nuder my observation.” DR. JOUN A WARDER — B d Afer thoroughly testing the varict; for sevca years, we usbesitatingly. say, that for usiform asd large size, beasty of form aad coles, evoTmus- yleld, lang costisuance fn bearing, great pros, health and vigor of plank, and other desirable qualitics, it is the most valuable Btrawberry of which we bave any kuowledge. All who bave scen it on our grounds prise i alike highly. ¢ Y Por farther information in refezence to this most valuable of all eua- Strawberries, send 10 CENTS FOR OUR CATALOGUE. Our tock of well-rooted and vigorous plarts ls very large thia seasen,. which we ofer at the followlag greatly reduced priccsi ) BY MAIL. A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF GRAPES, STRAWBERRIES, . g RASPBERRIES, BLACKBERRIES, GOOSEBERRIES, AND CURRANTS,. FO fi 10, We will send to any Posk-Office idress in the United States, the whel o the following st: GRAPE VINES. @ CONCORD, The most vluable Grape fn Ameriea. R IVES. The best American Wise Grape. MARTPORD. } The best very easly G Roroughly CAVECNG. ) Bk ' g 1 105A. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. 12 JUCUNDA—OUR No. 700. Greatly the most yaluatle of A our Btrawberries. 32 FILLMORR. Second only to Jucanda. 13 SURR NIRRT | The best veay oarly vasetis. 12 WILSON. The best for cansisg. 12 AGRICULTURIST. RASPBERRIES. 3 BRINCKLE'S ORANGE. The fSuest favored. 3 IMPROVED BLACK CAP. VWMIflH o mous bearen BLACKBERRIES, % ROCHELLE. Very good and productive, GOOSEBERRIES, 160, Very good sud s grost bowren: CtRRANTS. G FERSATLLAISE. The most valuable. 9 WHITH GRAPE, Tbe best for Wine. 2 AMERICAN —= FOR $20, We will send to any Post-Office address i the Usited States, e whole 0} tbe following list: 3 GRAPE VINES, 12 CONCORD. 6 IVES, 6 V.ILINQ 1 HARTFORD. 1105A. $TRAWBERRY PLANTE, 25 JEOUNDAOYR No. 700. 23 FILLMORE. 23 BURR'S NEW PINE, or 23 GOLDEN SEEDED. 23 WILSON. M. 23 AGRICULTURIST. RASPBERRIES O BRINCKLE'S ORANGE. 6 INPROVED BLACK CAP. 2 BLACKBERRIES, 6 ROCHELLBE. GOOSEBERRIES. G AMERICAN SEEDLING. e CURRANTS, @ VERSATLLAISE. 6 WHITE GRAPE. THE ABOVE VINES AND PLANTS WILL Bl 1. ALL ¥O. 1. 2. CAREPULLY MARKED. 8. BAFELY PACKED. POST-PAID. z THEIR SAVE CARRIAGE GUARANTEED. 6. ACCOMPANYING BACH PACKAGE THERE, WILL B PRINTED INSTRUCTIONS FOR THEIR MANAGEMENT ANDY CULTIVATION. \ The purchaser s st Uberty to omit any of the varielies named in Abese liats, and Increase others to the same amoust. We are laduced to make the above offers. 1. Because there ere many poluts throughout the country which cansed be caslly reached except by mail. 2. Where there are express facilitics the charges are offen unreason- able. . By the above arrangement, wherever thero i & Post-Ofico, particq onlering may be sare of & first class article delivered 0 them a9 safely as their letters, snd FREE OF CHARGE. ] Our preseut stock of Vines and Plants is much thy and best ve Bave ever offered. Tt is liportaut to know, as s00m & "“Hy - tion of it to reserve for mal orders. We therefore qarly ordend, ke the fllowing additosa) MOST LIBERAY eALS: For every $10 order as abore, accompasled by @ agah focelved proy ‘vious to March 1, we will 4dd Vines and Plants to 1. . » T s e s sl P T previgws to March 3, we wil add’ Viuea wnd Plasts fothe amoust of | A 2 40. A Thus avers fumily thronghost fhe Jeugth abd breadth of (he conntey, i Bas the opportusity of secarisg, by wuall otlay, & compleieasd valuable selection of SMALL FRUITS, A osders will be lled In sotstion 48 recelyed; or o ties designatedy , A far as practicable. le Qur Descriptive aad Iostrated Catalogue is o valuable treatio smal) FRUIT CULTURE, and will be sent to all spplicapte facloddng 1§ centa . J. KNOX, ml.ul.e-‘q.“