The New York Herald Newspaper, December 29, 1878, Page 6

NEW YORK AROUND THE WORLD. ———— ) THE SPANIARDS. A Visit to the Historical City of Vittoria. SPAIN J ULYSSES AND ALFONSO. Growing Uneasiness Throughout the Basque Provinces. ———— SAN SEBASTIAN, Nov, 10, 1878, General Grant's visit to Spain has been told so fully ey telegraph that any reference to it now would seem to be @ twice told tale. Some incidents connected with the journey of the ex-President are worthy of remembrance, ‘The pomp, the parades, the dinners, the display of military and social attractions have been repeated here, as in other European lands. You must add to this that Spanish courtesy is always stately and gracious, This air of sincerity adds to the value of a sourtesy. The American will tell you in a hurried, rolling fashion, “Glad to see you:;" “Come again; “Take a drink;" and straightway you vanish and are forgotten. If you meet a week later you will require an introduction. The Spaniard will tell you, “This is your honse You have taken possession of it.” You must not suppose that this involves the right to move your furniture and set up housekeeping. He means what the American means, but says it in a more impressive manner. In the reception of General Grant there was the same differ ence. It was stately and graye. The General might lave been @ conqueror coming into his kingdom; he might have been the fifth Charles, risen out of his Escurial tomb, come back to see what had become of his vast dominion. He would have been received pretty much as our ex- President was received. There would have been ceremonies, speeches, attentions. You would miss the crowds that surrounded him at Christiania and all through Sweden—triendly, eager crowds, You would miss the cheers that followed him through England. ‘The Spaniard never goes in a crowd except to mass, and never cheers unless it may be at a bull- fignt. The moment of supreme enthusiasm only comes when Frascuelo drives the point of his sword into the neck of the panting and wounded bull, A It was the intention of General Grant when be left Paris to make a short visit to the Pyrenees, and es- pecially Pau. But when he came to Bordeaux he was ict by a message from the King of Spain, who was at the time at Vittoria, directing the manceuvres of his troops, and who especially requested that the General would honor him with a visit. If there is one thing the ai dislikes it is reviewing troops; but the “ the King was so cordial that it could hardly be declinel. Accordingly Pau ‘was postponed. and the General went on as far as Biarritz, meaning to rest over night and cross the frontier next day, Liarritz was very bewutiful. After cloudy Paris there was something joyous um the sun- shine which lit up the eld Biscayan town and streamed out over the sea. And thesea! How glori- ous it was to see it, really see it, after so much living among rivers and hedges, and to feel that the farthest waves washed the coasts of dear America! Biarritz is asmali fronticr town, where the French come in winter and the Spaniards in summer. It message from juts out into the and has a peculiar rocky formation, which breaks into ra- vines and caverns, and admits of quaint walks and drives. Biarritz might have lived on for & few centuries its drowsy existence, like hundreds of other towns which have a sea coast and sand over which bathers could paddle and splash, entirely un- known, hed not the last Napoleon builded himself a seaside residence. His wife had fancied Biarritz in early Spanish days, and it is supposed the house was built to please her. But from that moment Biarritz became famous. Many of the most interesting events of the Third Empire happened on beach. You will read about the time they had in the books of Prosper Merimée, Biarritz seems to have been to the Empress Eugénie what the Trianon gardens in Versailles were to Marie Antoinette. It was here that she contd do as she pleased, and it was So near Spain that old friends could drop in and talk about old times. It was here that Bismarek came betore the German and Anstrian war to find ont what Napo- on would do. Napoleon was quite charmed by the young German statesman, and was talked into neutrality which — he ard re garded as one of the grave errors of his reign. It was this bamboozling of Napoleon by Bismarck, thi* making the Emperor believe that if he would only keep his hands off during the Aus- trian war he might do as he pleased afterward, that began the career of Prussiau triumph. Napoleon kept his hands off. Austria was thrown, and Na- poleon found not only that it was impossible for him todo a# he pleased, but that he was at last face to face with the ancient and hereditary foe of France. POLITICAL MEMOTRS OF BIARRITZ. The the thoughts that come as you stroll along the beach and look out npon the sea. It rolls a® calmly as when Bisinarek and Napoleon walked here, planning to govern the world, Bis- marck has more serious problems before him, and sits perplexed and wondering over his united Ger many, which somehow does not nite as harmoni- ously as was hoped, but engenders assassination, and standing armies, ond deficiencies, and commun ism, sits a prematurely old man, bent and gray be- e are amon fore his time. Nap » has vanished into night. The fair Engénie finds her home under the cold gray skies of Chiselhurst aud no longer comes to her Biecayan summer resort. Her house is closed, It ix a large, square, unpretending pile, that looks from a distance like a sugar refinery or a grain elevator, it looks so big and plain, I am told it wiii not be open until the Emperor comes to his own again, which ix a prospect not very apparent. In the meantime the little town, missing its Bonapartes and Bismarcks, Mornys and Merimés, and all the fullowing of the court, has fallen into quiet, old fashioned ways. There is a casino e you may have cards and cot where (rink beer and hear a vi- acions young Woman uot overclothed sing you the latest songs from Par! If it happens that your you may knowledge of the Freneh tongne ix indefinite there will be no remo neetence in hearing the songs. ‘There several hotels—one of them among the finest in Europe. Ihave high authority for saying that in this hotel is the only Vroil a the wok in Europe who ean hicken im © manner satisfying to American — taste ave st where can bay worsted commodities and all manner of ck-kuacks from Paris. Y') I believe, kn street however, there is only one—are pictiresyut, Yon soe tho Basque costumes, formers \ yoke their yeu by the head and compel them to haul the heaviest loads, Ithink the Gene 1 mere interested in this than in auy thing much more than in the memories and remnants ot the Third Empireand tried to solve the problem He had seen oxen handed «= in many ways, but never im this Pyreneean fashion The more it woe studied the more useless it ap. peared, L suppose it is some oll Basque tradition and has cone down from the Carthaginians, There wero gardens and uromatic plants that perfumed the alr walks on the sem and on the edge of cliffs that overlooked the sea, This is all of Biar rity, whieh lingers a» a siuny spot inthe memory, fot bere you have tue ocean and here also you have tokeus of Spain PNOLIAH CRETICION OM APAIN, We entered Spain about noon, passing many Reenes of ltatorical inte Ido not remember them all, the bewitehing beauty of the coast and landecape Usurping all micro historical reilections, rere wer this | singing | | | always shown perfidy toward Spain—“sometimes the | sword, sometimes the wedding ring.” This is on allu- HERALD, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1878: -QUADRUPLE SHEET. among my books one written by an Englishman. It is the standard English book on Spain and is amus- ing reading, The author is named Ford, and the impression you gather as you run over the pages is one of bitter beer and Wels rarebits. Ford seems to have wandered over Spain a good deal and to have acquired a multi- tude of facts, But he cannot finish a chapter with- out singing “God Save the Queen” and blessing the memory of the Duke of Wellington, He generally speaks of Wellington as “The Duke,” as though there were only one duke in the British peerage entitled to the definite article. He hates the French, who have sion to the Spanish marriage which was a burning question in English politics thirty years ago when Vord was in his glory. England was angry Deeause the Spanish Queen would not marry to suit England. There was the old dread of French interference In Spain, which was so rife in the time of Louis XIV. and Napoleon. ‘Yo allow one of Louis Philippe’s Sons to marry a Spanish princess was an ox- tension of Freneh influence which England would not tolerate. The son was married, and now lives in Seville ax Duke de Montpensier, and one of the children of this marriage was the poor Queen Mercedes, who was married last January and died in June. The impression you gain from writers like Ford is that Spain would go to eternal perdition but for the intervention of some Power like England. England is the fountain of wisdom, the type of jus- tice, the source of power, the all conquering and ever just, which hangs over the Peninsula like a Provi- dence and without which —? FOREIGN INFLUENCE UN SPAIN. ‘There is this comfort in # book like Ford’s, that the man believes what he writes. He sees the world from the English point of view, and every step in a new land is only a point of comparison with hisown. I have read in novels and story books that the type of the American was his bragging, and that the true Yankee made it an hourly boast that he could whip allcreation. This was before the war. Since then we have not been in a bragging humor, and talk only of corruptions and scandals. But for the true bragging traveller give me the Englishman. He is not offensive about it. He does not make it a ques- tion of argument. The subject is not one for urgu- ment. Of course the highest type of civilization is English, and of course there is no army that can stand for @ moment in face of an English army, and no soldier lived who could compare with the Duke ot Wellington. This is not to be discussed. Every- body knows it, and I question if there cowld be any offence graver than to intimate to our Euglish friend that perhaps he was mistaken; that there were otner countries where an army was valiant, and men were honest, and women were fair; that there were nations who were unselfish and brave. The English traveller, who comes to Spain with his stan- dards fixed, looks on this country as a sad place. Nothing pleases him. The cooks put too much garlic in the food, the very vintners do not know how to flavor their sherry. ‘The men you meet on the streets carry knives. They are bandits, most of them, or would be if you were to meet them on some lonely pass in the Guada- rama hills. They are all priest-ridden, 1f the truth were known they divide with the priest the results of each adventure. They will not work. Life consists of the bull-ring, the café, the mass and the lottery. They ~ smoke cigarettes—toolish little futile cigarettes—which are smoked before you can grasp them. What can you think of a people who smoke cigarettes, when they could buy the old fashioned clay of England and have a genuine smoke, They Arink thin wine, or prepara- tions of almond and orange. How can a nation be great which will fool its time on these insipid washes and never know the luxury of a swig of good old honest English ale? They eat beans and cakes, aud rarely have roast beef. ‘This is the ultimate sign of decadence. FRANCE, ENGLAND AND SPAIN. God forbid that I should raise a standard of com- parison disparaging to England. I only think these standards should not be raised against Spain, or France, or the United States—more especially Spain— as English writers are doing almost without an ex- ception. Coming once more to Spain, on my third journey, the memory of old impressions gathered from English books, and more particularly from Ford, comes back to me, and I know how unjust they are and how my own experiences were at variance with those I gleaned from the books. As to the politica of Spain, I could never see that any invasion ever did her good, and 1 do not see much difference between the invasions of the English and the French. It does not occur to me that Wellington came here as the savior of Spain, that he had any sentimental ideas on the subject. He came because England wanted to fight Napoleon, and because England always prefers to fight her battles in other ¢ tries than her own. A Minister in Parliament can more easily explain the loss of 10,000 Spanish or Hessian allies in a battle than if they were 10,000 fellow countrymen and the nation throbbing over their lose. { hear that the French burned some towns when they were in Spain. But England destroyed a Spanish fleet and sacked Badajoz, while we owe to France the saving of the Alhambra, To France we owe the opening of the Inquisition prisons, one of the most beneficent acts of modern time: T can see no interest that would be served by the destruction of French power in the Peninsula but the interests of England, aud these only so far as it is believed that England only can be strong and free while other nations are weak and divided, lean see how fro high political point of view that nothing wonld benefit Spain, Itwly and Portugal more than for them to form a close com- mereial allian ith France—a confederation if pos- sible. They have many points of resemblence—in religion, the origin of language and geographical rela- tions. Such an alliance would infuse the whole mass with the wealth and the enterprise of France, and the Mediterrancan might become ouce more the seat of empires as mighty ax the empires of the past. But this might affect the route to India, the balance of power, the freedom of the seas or some special Brit- ish interest. Everything must be secondary to tha So long as British interests are safe it matters little what happens to Spain or how poor her people may be. GLIMPSES OF THE FRONTIE T look on Spain ina kindlier spirit, and althongh as you cross the frontier and see how all things change, and feel the instantaneous difference between Spain and France, [cannot help feeling that she was mighty in other days and that within her borders lies the strength that may awake to the mastery of empires. On the one side of the boundary you leave the bris dapper French yendarme, all action and noise, the | clean stations, trim with flowers, the eating tabl where you can burden yourself with bons and champagne. On the other side you hear no noise. That everlasting French clatter is ceased, You do not see groups ot yesticulating pe ple ali speaking at. once. Things av ‘There is smoke every where —sm the saloons, in the eating rooms, You might fiud something to ent in the restanrent, but it would only be with your appetite in a normal condition. No one seems in a hurry. Groaps in all eonditions, some in rags, stand about smoking cigarettes « talking of polities and the bull fights. [ wonder if this is a good sign, this talking polities, It isa new thing in Spain. GENERAL GRANT AND CASTELAR. There were officers in high grade who awaited the commy of General Grant. They eame directly from the King, who was at Vittoria, some hours distant. | Ovlevs nad been sent to receive omr ex-President as a | Captain General of the Spauish army, This question of how to receive an ex President of the United States has been the source of tribulation in it Buro- not #0 clean, ve Cabinets, and its history may make an interesting ter some day. Spain solved it by awardiyg the ex-President the highest military honors, More interesting by far than this was the meoting with Mr, Castelar, the ex-President of Spain. Mr, Castelar was i our train and ou his way to San Nebustian. As soon as Genoral Grant learned that he was 4 the gromp that gathered on the platform he sent word that he would like to know him. Mr. Castelar was presented to the General, ant there wae a brief and rapid conversation. The General thanked Mr, Castelar for all that he had done for the United States, for the many eloquent and noble w © had spoken for the North, and sald he would have been very much disappointed to have visited Spain and not met him; that there waa no is still a young man. He has # large, dome-like head, with an arching brow that recalls in its outline the brow of Shakespeare. He is under the aver- age height, and his face has no eovering but a thick, drooping mustache, You note the Andalusian type, swarthy, mobile, and glowing eyes that seem to burn with the sun of the Mediterranean. Castelar’s presidency was a tempest with Carlism in the North, and Communism in the South, and the Monarchy everywhere. How he held it was a mar- vel, for he had no friend in the family of nations but America, and that was a cold friendship. But he kept ‘Spain free, aud executed the laws and vindicated the national soverciguty, and set on foot by his incompar- able eloquence the spirit which pervades Spain to-day, and which, sooncr or later, will make itself an authority which even the cannon of General Pavia cannot challenge. It was a picture, not without in- structive features, this of Castclar, the orator and ex- President of Spain, conversing on the platform of the frontier railway station with Grant, the soldier ant ex-President of the United States. “When I reach Madrid,” said the General, “I want to see you.” “I will come at any time,” said Castelar, The only man in Spain who received such a message from General Grant was Emilio Castelar, | ARRIVAL AT VITTORIA-—RECEIVED BY THE KING— SORROW OF ALYONSO FOR THE LOSS OF HIS LITTLE QUEEN, Vrrronta, Noy, 11, 1878. A slight rain is falling, but ail Vittoria is in a glow. ‘The open space in front of our hotel is filled with booths and dealers in grains and other mer- chandise, The traders sit over their heaps of beans, peppers, melons and potator They are mainly women, who wear a quaint Basque cos tume; the men in red and blue bonnets, with blue blouses, mostly faded, and red sashes swathed about the waist. These cavaliers spend most of their time smoking cigarettes, watching their wives at work, Now and then a swarthy citizen in a Spanish cloak saunters by, having been to mass or to coffee, and eager to breathe the morning air, A farmer drives over the primitive stony street. His team is a box resting on two clumsy wooden wheels. When you remember that it has taken two thousand years of Basque civilization—the most ancient, perhaps, in Europe—to produce this wheel, yon may guess how far the people have advanced. The team is drawn by two oxen, with their horns locked together and their heads covered by a fleece. In the cart is a pig, ready for the last and highest office a pig can pay to humanity. Other carts come laden with hay drawn by the slow, shambling oxen, all seeking a market. You hear drums and trumpets and army calls. The town is a camp, and ladies are thronging the lattice windows and soldiers come swarming out of the narrow streets into the market place, This is the season of the manquvres, A crowd of citizens stand in the street about a hundred paces from our hotel, quiet, expectant, staring into an open gateway. This gateway leads into a long, irregular, low range of buildings of yellowish stone and red tiles, Over the gate clings the flag.of Spain, its damp folds clus- tering the pole. A black streamer blends with the yellow and crimson folds, mourning the death of the Queen, Natty young officers trip about, their breasts blazoned with decorations, telling of victories in Carlist and Cuban wars, all wearing mourning on their arms for the poor young Mercedes. The sentinels present arms, a group of elderly officers come «tream- ing out of the gateway. At their head is a stripling with a slight mustache and thin, dark side whiskers. In this group are the first generals in Spain—Concha, Quesada—captain-generals, noblemen, helmeted, spurred, braided with gold lace, old men with gray hairs. The stripling they follow, dressed in captain- general's uniform, und touching his cap to the crowd as it uncovers, is Alfonso XII., King of Spain. ‘THE KING OF SPAIN. When General Grant reached Vittoria there were all the authorities out to see him, and he was informed that in the morning the King would meet him, Ten o'clock was the hour, and the place was a small city hall or palace, where the King resides when he comes into his capital. At ten the General called, and ante-room where were was escorted into an several aides and geuerals in attendance. He passed into a small room, ant was greeted by the King. The room was a library, with books and a writing table covered with papers, as though His Majesty had been hard at work. His Ma- jesty is a young man, twenty past, witha frank, open face, side whiskers and mustache like down, He was in the undress uniform of a captain general, and had a buoyant, boyish way about him which made one sorrow to think that on these young shoulders should rest the burdens of sovereignty. How much he would have given to have gone into the greey fields for a romp and a ramble—those green fields that look so winsome from the window. It was only yester- day that he was among his toys and velocipedes, and here he is a real king, with a unifornt showing that he ranks with the great generals of the world heavily braided with bullion. Alfonso speaks French as though it was his own tongue, Germau and Spanish duently, but not so well, aud English with good accent, but a limited vocabulary. When the General entered the King gave him aseat and they entered into conyer- sation. There was a tittle fencing as to whether the conversation should be in English or Spanish. The General said he knew Spanish in Mexico, but thirty- five years had passed since 1t was familiar to him and he would not venture upon itnow. The King was anxious to speak Spanish, but English and French were the only tongues used, THE KING'S CONVERSATION WITH GENPRAL GRANT. ‘The King said he was hovored by the visit of Gen- eral Grant, and especially because the General had come to see him in Vittoria; otherwise he would have missed the visit, which would have been a regret to him. He was very curious to see the General, as he had read all about him, his campaigns and his Presi- deney, and admired his genius and his character. To this the General answered that he would have been sorry to have visited Europe without seeing Spain. The two countries—Spain and the United States—were so near each other in America that their interests were those of neighbors. The General then spoke of the sympathy which was felt throughout the United States for the King in the loss of his wife. The King said that he had learned this, had seen its evidence in many American newspapers, and it touched him very nearly. He then spoke of the Queen, His marriage had been oneof love, not of poliey. He had been engaged to his wife almost from ehildhood—for five years at least. He had made the marriage in spite of many diMficul- ties, and their union, although brief, was happy. No one knew what a help she had been in combat- ing the diffienitics of the situation, for it was no pleasure to be an cxecutive—no easy task, The General had seen something of it, and knew what it was. To this the General answered that he had had eight years of it, aud they were the most difficult and burdensome of his life, The King continued to dwoll on the burdens of his offtce, Spain was tranquil and = prosperons, and he believed she was entering upon ® career of proeperity; and irom all paris of his kingdom came assurances of contentment and loyalty. There were no internecine wars like the Carlists’ in the North or the Communists’ in the South, aud Cuba was pacified, Al) this was @ pleasure to him, But there were diit- eultion inse alofies, While his wite lived, together they met them, and now she eon, solace is wetivity, He dere ot living— arracks, re- viewing troops, and going from town to to sORROW. All this was said in the frankest manner—the young King leaning forward in his chair, pleased, appar- ently, at having some one to whom he could talk, some one who hed been hifthe same path of perplex: ity, who could fect as he felt. The General entered othe spirit of the young man’s responsibilties, wud the talk ran upon what n lose in exalted stations, ‘There wee such a co t between the two 1m Aifommo, im his 9 mm, the President in plain black di f in hix hand, fn one face y pectancy of youth—of beaming, frnitful youth— tontehed by the shadow of a yreat duty and a heart searing sorrow, Behind hina the memory of his love, his dear love, torn from his arms almost before he had crowned their lives with the nuptial saerament— all the burdens of the throne of Spain. her face were the marks of battles hardships endured and triumphs at last, One fa wis y the «skin as soft satin, youth «l effort streaming from the dark, bounding eyes. The other snowed labor, There wore lines on the brow, pry hairs mantling the fore head, the beard gray and brown, the stoopiug si ders showing that Time's hand was bearing upon them. Une wes twenty years of age, the other firty- wixt but in feeling, at least, it that the younger of the two was the x-President. Cure anc sorrow had stamped themselves on the young King’s 1 haye | su. in Spain be was more anxious to meek Castelar Loe MAXIMILIAN. Seeret History of His Final Strg- gle in Mexico, AMERICA’S ERFORT 10 SAVE TIM. The Sherman-Campbell Expedition and Why: It Failed. EX-MINISTER OTTERBOURG'S STORY Secretary Seward’s Desires and Why They Were Not Accomplished. ‘The publication of extracts from M. Masseras’ rec- ollections of Carlotta and Maximilian in the HeraLp of December 1 has occasioned some discussion among those who are familiar, more or less, with the events which transpired in that very exciting period extending from September, 1866, to June, 1867. Judge Marcus Otterbourg, who was American Consul at that time in the city of Mexico and afterward American Minister in the same place, was visited by a HERALD reporter and induced to relate what he knew of the Sherman-Campbell expedition and other circumstances appertaining to the revolutionary epoch referred to. He told the inside and hitherto unpublished history of these things, and shed light on subjects but very imperfectly understood by the world in relation to them. His interviews with Gen- eral Grant, Bazaine and Maximilian, though matters of great importance in this connection, have never been mentioned betore, and will be read with interest. ‘The interview with ex-Minister Otterbourg was conducted in the form of question and answer, in- terrupted now and then by reference to private diplomatic correspondence and records, and may thus be succinctly epitomized. ‘The reporter remarked :— “As you wore in charge of the legation in the city of Mexico at the time the Sherman-Campbell expedition ‘was sent from Washington by Secretary Seward, you must have known its object and what was expected of it.”” “This expedition was not started while I was in Mexico, although Iwas in the city of Mexico when Messrs. Sherman and Campbell anchored at Vera Cruz,” said the gentleman. “That seems like a contradiction, Judge. How do you explain it ?” “Well, I suppose I may say to you that very few people living know what was the occasion of the ex- pedition. It was during the mouth of September, 1866. Marshal Bazaine was in the interior and the situation had -become very grave at the capital. Rumors were afloat that the French army had become dissatisfied and that Marshal Bazaine himself had begun to despair of controlling matters in the new empire, The influences surrounding Maximilian were more than ever inimical to the French, and it was generally understood that the orders from the French government meant an early evacuation of the country by its troops. That they had decided to goI knew; but their amour propre rendered them undecided as to how they could leave with @ good grace. From the official bulletins as to the situation in the interior nothing so reliable could be gleaned as to make it the subject of a bond fide communication to the American government. The means that would have been furnished any representative of any other foreign government to obtain correct information were not placed at my disposal. I had to be my own news gatherer, agent, reporter or whatever you choose to call it, and resort to strategy to secure something like acenrate information for my superiors at Washington. There was no doubt, however, that ony man slightly familiar with the circumstances and daily occurrences about him could see that the Empire was fast crumbling, A few days before I had to make up my mail for Mr. Seward I was out on one of my tours of observation, and made it my business to hunt up a man of whom Iknew Icould obtain the truth as to the condition of things in the interior. Ifound him in front ot a fonda or coffee house near one of the public squares. Thad heard of diplomatists going to breakfasts or dinners, not for the purpose of eating or drinking, but to unlock the souls of attachés with the key of geniality and good fare. For I hold that at no time is a man more likely to be communica- tive and good natured than after a sumptuous re- past. Iatone time did considerable in this way, but this government has forgotten to refund the money [thus expended, But to return to my friend at the funda. Tinvited him to enter and take a glass of sherry with. me, which he did, aud I opened a con- versation with him about the situation. SOUNDING A DIPLOMAT, “T asked him if he had heard anything from Marshal Bazaine, and from his manner I saw at once that he had. But it was evident that he meant to keep his knowledge to himself. It was important I should have it, so passed the sherry again, It is wonder- ful the eflect afew glasses of sherry will have on some natures. After this gentleman had taken his third libation he thawed completely. ‘I haye some information,’ said he, ‘but it’s all of a confidential nd none here but myself could be in poxsex- , ko you will see that you must guarantee that I shall neyer be mentioned as your source of in- nm if Itell you what I know.’ Iyave the omise and have kept it and mean to cop it. je then read a letter to me from @ man attached to Marshal Bazaine's headquarters, describing the condition of the French as being desperate in the extreme, I considered the information in its details of such im- rtance that I was sorry for having yiven my prom ise of xeerecy. I felt that action had to be taken im- , and asked my friend to permit me to use nation for the benefit of my government. He densurred on the ground that in the existing dis- order of the tountry despatches even to the United States government did not always reach their destina- tion, und he felt that should mine, containing this in- formation, fall into the hands of any of the contend- ing parties in Mexico he must necessarily be discov- ered as my informant. IT set hiv mind at rest on this score by telling him that I would carry the news home myself.” y TO WASHINGTON. , and we parted, I returned to the <pateh to our Consui at Vera Cruz, tity the State Department that 1 would leave M the following day for Washing- ton, my arrival there to be subject to the approval of the Secretary of State. In other words, I was going home without leave, reserving my explanation for Mr, Seward alone. I left the following day, and ten days after reported at the State Department at Wash- ington. I was received by Mr. Seward, to whom I told all L knew about the situation in Mexico. He approved of my coming and so did the government. Then, having passed through New York without secing my ftumily, Lasked for thirty days leave of sence, It was denied, L wax placed under the privilege of remaining in . Two di afterward, through the intervention of Mr. Fred Seward, L was allowed to see my family in New Yorkpwith the understanding, howe’ that I would hold myself 1m readiness to leave at # moment's notice. On Oc- tober 20 I was ordered to report in person at the State Department, and accordingly did so, 1 arrived in Weshington about six o'clock on the morning of the Zid, and called st 3" Soward’s office ut nine o'clock. Thad @ briet interview with him which he ordered me to reduce to writing whi to say about Mexico, as there was to be a Cabinet meeting at eleven o'clock, at which Mexican matters would be discussed, and he wanted to present my ve- port on that subject. 1 did so, and # few minutes hefore eleven o'clock Secretary Seward put it in his rttolio and went to the Cabinet meeting at the Vite Hon ‘THE SHERMAN-CAMPRELL BXPRDITION, “A few days afte partment again to m Mi 1 wos ordered to report at the de- mpbell, who had then xico, It was at that il Grant, Mr. goon the Susquehanna to f the secret imatructions the condnet of that expedition were then ¢ rod to us. One copy went to Mr. Campbell, E received another and the third was placed tn Me. Campbell « hands with directions to ws both to on General Grant and notity bim of his appoint- ment, Since that time the purport and force of these instructions have become matters of history, and so we need not go into an exp) nof them: We are only tiking about things oocurrences of that eventful period which Lave never been divulged tofore, and up to this moment have heen known on! to myself aud others interested in the Mextean auandale. “a GRANT LEPUKRS TO GO, “We vieited Genera Grant at his headquarters in Washington—te was then General of the te gueuted him with the object of our visit wi beth and a Mexico, Th whieh were him a copy of the recret instructions. General Grant took one of his historical cigars out of a box, lit it, offered. us each one and said very coolly, as he ppd cM curl of Fragrant smoke Som Bis Ups. feta oo go & Nees! receive no orders from the “This order does not, properly speaking, come from the State Departmen’ Peneral® oaid Fit is really one from the President—Mr, Johnson." “Mr. Otterbourg, I am not a Presidential creature, Tam subject to the orders of Congress only. I will not leave Wash! » Ifthe government wants we to drive the French out of Mexico T can attend to that business from this office, Sheridan is near the frontier and he'll execute any orders I give him.’ “After some genoral conversation about Mexico we retived aud reported General Grant's refusal to the State Department, The next we knew was that Gen- eral Sherman was to accompany us, Tought to say here, perhaps, that while I now use the word ‘us’ in talking to you of that expedition, I never consented to go with it. My position may be thus explained :— idid not believe that sume of those composing the expedition understood or appreciated the impor- tunce of the mission and the position assumed by the American people toward the Mexicans, 1 really thought the whole thing would be a failure, I told Mr. Seward at the time that J did uot care to yo on the Susquehanna with the expedition, but that I would be of much more service if alowed to leave before it and be at thy city of Mexico on its arrival, I would then have prepared the Mexican people aud conflicting elements Oy receive Messrs. Campbell and Sherman, I suceceded after a formal vetusal to go on the expedition, offering cither to resign altoyether or yo wlone, with the assistance of Mr. Frederick Seward, in being permitted to huve my own way. The Suaquehanna left on the 10th of November, 1866, I embarked two days later with any family, arrived at Havana in time to meet General Sherman and Mr. Campbell, had an interview with the latter, left for Vera Cruz ahead of the expedition und reached the city of Mexico, in conformity with my promise to Mr, Seward, three days betore the Susquehanna dropped her euchor in the harbor of Vera Cruz. It was understood between Mr, Campbell and inyself that I wonld look up the situation in the city and submit a report thereof by which he might shape his action, CONDITION OF THINGS IN MEXICO. “In compliance with this understanding I made and forwarded @ written report to Mr. Campbell on December 1, 1876, at the close of which I told him of an interview I had with Marshal Bazaine, suying:— Alice a careful perusal of hie Or. | structions, which I used ax my gui and dillealt task imposed suggent, unofficially, to the State: tipon ine, Marshal that the United Kovernment ‘would admit of no combination han the recognition and ultimate establish I suggested, fui Freneh seemed to be of the futility of uny future at- tormps to sustain tho Einpive, the first step toward « natural and gasy solution of the difficulty would be to deliver the city of Mexico into the hands of the municipal authorities w ‘er on their entranee into the Arantee to sustain them un ave taken measure: “OF course,” I jecide whether I the views and 1 gueh acti tit re- governu mpbell, “it is for you r, ceed in my endeavors to ascer Freneh, and of th ai al, daj’s occurrences ‘here, ive no latitude to the action of & representutive of the United States, if in furtherance of the views of the government he wishes to extablish law, order ho French forces here to-duy offer this « of these three evidences of stability d should they be precipitately withdrawn be found ut once d_ property would incur the sa: and other foreigners already ox: casiners ix felt by the liberals that our Grent r perience. relations with the French should acquire the character of an alliance for arrangement of the Mexican question with: out consulting the Mexicans themselves. Within the last twelve hours the situation has entirely changed here, The Mr relied upon Maximillan's abdication and depart ‘Phe sudden change has greatly com) d thelr po sition and rendered more difficult the solution of the mode 1 am informed that th the Freuch headquarters a reply to t milinn to return to. the ity. Thi fexte announcing in unmistakable languay will observe the strictest neutrality in the questions which must arise under the new line of policy. I am informed that 6.000 stand of aris have to-day been or. dered from Veru Cruz, and that all the leading generals of the reactionary party are to take the field against the It so it moans war tot or end, and prolongs and accumulates dificulties unless some decided steps aro immedintely taken.” ¥AILURE OF THE EXPEDITION, “4s Mr. Maxseras says, the Susquehanna returned to America without Sherman and Campbell having ef- fected anything. But he is mistaken as to the cause of the expedition’s failure. The situation in Mexico had not changed sufficiently to cause an alteration in the policy which prompted the expedition. Had the envoys remained twenty-four hours longer in Vera Cruz and received the foregoing report, which ar- rived at the time stipulated and which was accom- nied by an invitation from Marshal Bazaine to eneral Sherman to land and meet him, Maximilien would not have been executed and might have been living to-day, thousands of lives saved and 4 great deal of hardship to American citizens prevented. The understanding between myself and Mr. Campbell was that he was to walt for my report. 1 rendered it the third day after my arrival in the capital. The Susquehanna left Vera Cruz an hour before my courier reached that city with the two important documents—Bazaine’s invitation to Sherman and m: report. On such trivial things often turns the ti in the affairs of nations, 1 have never understood the cause of that sudden ire, HOW BAZAINE'S INVITATION WAS OBTAINED. “Those who read this will hardly be able to appreci- ate the difficulty of getting the ‘h Marshal to invite the American General to call upon him. The French Minister, M. Dano; General Castelnau, the special envoy of Napoleon ILL, and Marshal Bazaine were all at loggerheads. Castelnau had instructions to depose Bazaine and didn't dare to do it; M. Dano was particularly anxious about himself, fearing lest he should lose the prestige of his position; Marshal Bazaine at one tine was heughty and overbearing toward Americans and their interests. All three had to be reconciled to the idea of inviting the Ameri- can General, whom, after all, they wanted to relieve them of their troubles, If General Sherman had come to the city of Mexico it would have been very easy to have found an opening for Mr. Campbell to land and present his credentials to the government recog- ni: by the United States—that of Juarez. vitation was obtained in this way news of the arrival of the Susquehanna to the city, and it caused no little # ive. I saw the three French officials, and suggested the invitition of Gen- oral Sherman, whose rank was equal to that of Mar- shal Bazaine, for the purpose of enabling these officials to confer with him as to the most acceptable method of bringing order ont of the existing chaos. After a great dea) of trouble Marshal Bazaine wrote it and I dexpatched it. The toilowing letter from Gen- eral Sherman shows how useless were my efforts to bring about the desired mecting:— Heangvanters Minitary Division or tar Missovnt, ) New Onivans, La., Dee, 28, 1486, "4 Orrennouna, United’ States Consulate, CI Hon, Maree of Mexico Deak sin ote of December 1 Marshal Bazaine to yourself, did not hen it was bronght by the’ United innesota. Theg you will call on Marshal Bazai my of my high appreciation of t he offered to receive me in the city of Mexice. in whieh nu already know that reasons exinted at that time why our Minister, Mr, Campbell, could not with propriety Jand at Vera Cruz, and Lwas required to attend him to Tampico and Mata’ morose. Tam now olng to my proper m mt should | ever again of it to meet that distinguished to him in person my acknowledy- this occasion With : vant signa: T BHERMAN, Lieutenant General United states Arms. ‘THE LAST DAYS OF MAXIMILIAN. it about capri after the tailure of the of Mexico, and the situation grew worse and worsedaily. [could not do justice to the subject without referring to matters and papers which are not within reach now. The re- lations between him and the French officials did not improve in any way after his return from Orizaba. ‘The opinion was entertained by a great many in Mexico thut the moment the French troops were with- drawn from the capital there would be a pronuncia- mento and a bwequent change of government. On the 5th of February, 1867, the French troo left. the capital and ‘encamped for two da: a short distance from it, It was understood that in cage of an outbreak in the city they would return and as#ume control of the place. “Nothing happened, however; bat the gloom which always follows and precedes yreat events in # revolution over- hung the city. No man felt safe; no one knew what was coming next, The reports that Gencrais Mur- quese, Miramon aud Mejia were to conduct the mili- tury operations of the so-called imperial government made me fear worst, and I asked for a private in- terview with Maximilian. SPOKEN LIKE A PRINCE. “Tt was granted, and 1 was received by him privately on the 7th of March, 1 opened the interview with an exp) vga of my anxiety for the welfare of the city, I said :— “T consider the situation very critical, and there can be no solution of the diticultios satisfactory alike to the friends of the country and those to whom you haye becn considerate Unless you leay the country, I feel prompted to speak to you frankly aud openty, as you ina former interview encouraged me to do 40." ‘Speak your mind freely,’ he said, in German. «From what Lean sve, sit, 1 fear you will never Jeaye this country alive, unless you avail yourself of the Cy hacags A that is afforded you now along the road from this city to Vera Cruz, ovoupied by the French. ‘The time is not distant when those who make efiorts now to detain you here will not care for will be by your side if you puntry heroatter’ he Kiuperor listened very attentively, but made no reply. Ithought 1 had made an impression aud continued talking, reverting to the fact that it was ortectly consistent with the position he occupied to Reeve the country at that time, when the French gov- ernment had abandoned him to his fate. 1 said:— will concedo that without the promixe o: the 1 to furnish you the means aud to establish an imperial governmen you have aband plausible to overy one that the French yoverument’s fatlore to fulfil its agreement with you induced you to leave the country and withdraw from the enter- prine . “Leoneede everything you say,’ replied Maximilian, you for your solicitude for my personal y. I feel that T have not made as many friend in Mexico a I desired to have bound tome, There some good mon, however, who have attached cause, thinking to promote the tare of their eounte, \ not leave them to the merey ot nies to be persceuted when Lam safe, Lshail either save them wi! self or share their fate, whatever that may be.”’ could make ny reply to such an argument ae either as or as an representative. ‘Thiet was the fast 1 pay of ilian. A few days later he left for * HOW MAXIMILIAN COULD HAVE BELN SAVED. “Well, Judge, do you think that Mr. Seward could have saved Maximilian’s life?” “You will haye to put Hips question in a different form it you want me to ans sf “How whall I put it?’ “if you would ask me whether Mr. Bewarct intended to save Maximilian’s life, aud he could to ae, complish that object, I would certuinly answer, ‘Yes. “Why did he not succeed?” “Because the agents of the American Gent either did not understand or carry out the instruc- tions given by Mr. Seward. Maximilian’s life could have been saved by an American re] itutive on- dowed with a proper understanding of the situation and the ante rimness of purpose. Mr, Masseras quotes the Austrian Minister in Washington as say- ing, when he asked for the intervention of the Ameri- can government in behalf of Maximilian, ‘There is no question that Mexico owed its success against the invaders to the moral sypport of the United Stubes. ‘This the Mexicans will never admit, although they know it is so, No impression on the Mexican gov- ernment could have been made by written communi- cations sent to Mexico by-our Legation from New O1 leans. ‘Lhe Mexicans understood this well enough. “But you werein Mexico at the time. Could not you have done anything ?”” “No, sir, My position in Mexico, after the appoint. ment of a Minister, was @ very delicate oue. ‘The in: terests which [ was bound to protect in the city of Mexico would not permit me to leave the gapital it that time. I had to refuse the request of the ne} Minister to secompany the Prussian Minister and Consatl, who had been called to the city of Queretaro by Maximilian. I had no right to leave the city ot the moment when every American citizen’s lite und property were in danger. My official position id uot admit of, any act on my part which would arouse the animosity of the Mexican pcople, who had already shown themselves to be restive on this subject. Iwas satisfied that a consul of tho Unired States could not save Maximilian, From the day on which Ilaxt saw Mr. Campbell at Havana I received no communication from him, and way eu- tirely ignorant of his designs and movements, and he was then American Minister. Through the public press I learned that he had gone to New Orleans and subsequently went to Ohio, This induced me to write to the State Department in Washington a let- ter, of which this fs an extract :— Shou'd the report of Mr. Campbell's return prove cor 1 would respectfully call the. attention of the depart occasion and under no rally recognizes wad neceanits for the provenco iu Mexico of the impor w represcntative of the United States invested with all the prestie und authority which the government.can give to a nister Thongh every effort Is exerted on my part to fulfil the wishes of the government in regard to the Mexican que tion, I must confess to acertuin feeling of diffidence aw doubt in ny action lest, at any given t, 1 should not be nble to sustain th fich circumstances wud the Interes of me, The +, misconstrue my re marks when I rep foreisn agents at present 1 this city T attenet most tion, as ueting for ag ment which wlone enjoys wuy intaence in this country MR, KEWARD WISHED TO SAVE HIM, “There is no question that there was ample time to have made such @ demonstration as would have suved Maximilian’s life, It was known in New Or- Jeans aud Washington that Queretaro had fallen on the 16th day of April, aud that Maximilian, Mojia, Miramon and others were prisoners. It was under- stood at New Orleans that Maximilian was to be tried by court martial and that he would be executed. Mr. Seward instructed Mr. Campbell to procved to Mexico with as much despatch as possi- bic on the Ist of June, directing him to ewrnestly urge clemency toward lian and other prisoners of war. This was three weeks prior to the execution of Maximilian. Mr. Campbell's failure to go to Mexico brought about his resignation, which was accepted by the department June 15, 1867, Further evidence of Mr. Seward’s disposition to save Maxi- milian you may perceive in the following telegram :— DevaxtMent ov State, + Wasmunctoy, D.C, 21, 1307. § To General J. B. SteKDMAN, Collector, de, : Please ward two copies of the following, one by the way of Matamoros and the other by the way of Vera Orne — Manes Orrénsoung, United States Consul, City of Mex- n have been appointed United States Miristor to the Ropublic of Mexico, You will act without a commission Ul you receive one; but a comunission will be sent to you in the course of a week, F, W. SEWARD ‘Jt could not have been known in Washington that the unfortunate Prince had been shot two dayy before. I argue this way from my appointment to be Minister. I believe that my orders to act without a commision meant that 1 should do all [could to intercede for Maximilian. The sppoiptwent came too lute for that purpose.” THE MEXICAN EXPOSITION. The City of Merida, of the New York and Mexican Mail Steamship Company, left this city yesterday afternoon, en route to Vera Cruz, carrying on board the American exhibits to be displayed at the exhibition in the city of Mexico in Januaty. It was announced that a party of representative New York mer- chants were to have taken passage on tho City of Merida; but arrangements were mado to go by way of Chicago to New Orleans, and thenco to Vera Cruz on the steamer City of Mexico, The party, which consisted of fifty-two gentlemen, will be entertained by the municipality of New Orleans, and willremain in that city from Sunday evening until Wednesday morning next. The Mexican gov- ernment has appropriated $50,000 to be expended by a special deputation in receiving and entertain- ing the New Yorkers on their arrival in Vera Cruz and to escort them to their des- tination, where a programme for their entertain- ment has beeu arranged. The only New Yorker who oes down on the City,of Merida is Mr. William Erysdale, a journalist. Mr, Zamacona, the Mexicun Minister in New York, has volunteered to pass the exhibits to Mexico free of duty. The following is @ list of those who thus far are known to have enrolled themselves among the oute going prospectors :— Co,” New + W. Barrows, representative of MeNoil & Libby J. Manning, New York: representative 0 Cooper, Howitt & Co. New John Scott, New York; J. Allen, St. Louls; ex-¥ lenderson, St. Louis; Job ine, 1 i Pa ae at of -Palmer, Faller ry “lise; A, Sheridan, Bigin, Th BR. Sayre, "Chienpo: ! o¥.; J. W. Savin, Chicago: presentative of Crane Broth shi Bartlett, ordan, Chicago: A. « ndrew, Chivag swan 3M. 4Co., and others. CHARITY FOR ALL. ‘To THe Eprron or THE HenaLp:— You deserve the thanks of all mankind for th honorable and fearless manner in which you condu your great daily papor. You favor none; but, with- out respect to persons, give all sides a hearing, and denounce hypocrisy and cruelty wherever found. IL was very much gratified when, on Christmas Day, I read your very able editorial in denunciation of the inhumanity of the citizens of Alpena, who had driven an unfortunate daughter of Mother Eve to meet a ter- rible and cruel death by the action of the winter's coid blast, The self-righteousness of these (I blush to name it) American citizens of the village of Alpena, Mich., deserves all, and more than all, the chastt ment you gave them. Did they never heur tho: memorable words of our Saviour, 80 full of charity, “He that is without «in amon; you, ‘let him first cast a stone at her?’ I they did, and if they expect to be forgiven as they forgive, why did they send forth or Eve Leroy to meet «uch & feartul doom—to face the winter's chilly blast, with no hope of saving her life unless she was able to reach the next village, where, no doubt, she thought there might be at least one charitable person to lend «hand to save her from jor which society is the more guilty? Ag you she cannot be recalled to say what her thoughts were t hopes for the fature, or about the hardened men tat drove her forth, Flat- tery and praise, hisses and condenmation, are to her wone and the same thing. Had she been cradled in the lap of luxury and her path through life strewn with roses; had she died on a bed of down, instead of a bed of snow, evil or good are alike to her Dlank. If your splendidly written editorial will do no more than bring # tear to our eyes for the dead Eva Leroy you may as well -have written it about a dog, which, you truly say, men would not suffer to die such a death. It is with the living we have todo; ‘let the dead bury their dead.” Turn, then, ‘ony powerful pen to the saving of the thousande of iiee Eva Leroys that abound in owr large cities, aud to the thousands that are on the verge of the ml strom, Itis useless to say that there is no cure for prostitution, Remove tho eause and the eure will follow, But Mr, ‘Talmage’s plan of 200 policemen and himselt would have about ax much effect in put. ting a stop to prostitution as would be the scooping the ocean dry. While the sources remain so pro tution will fourish—while women are the slaves o men and merchant prin pay but thirty-five cents per dozen for muking shirts, «nd hardly any work ab that. A. Ih, Be. SUPERINTENDENT ADAMS RESIGNS. Walter W. Adams, Supeeintendent of Buildings, called npon Mayor Ely yesterday and requested siz weeks of absence for the purpose of recuperating his health. Mayor Ely suggested that he should resign and have Deputy Superintendent Henry J, Dudley appointed in his y Mr. Adams acceded to thie Proposition and Mr. Dudley was appointed, The term of the Superintendent will expire on May 1. the dopartineus trul, Mr, Dud us beew connected with