The New York Herald Newspaper, October 12, 1877, Page 3

STANLEY'S EXPLORATIONS News of the Explorer's Arrival Near the Wes Coast With a Starving Party. A HUNGRY MAN’S PRAYER. Interesting Review of African Discovery by Paul B. Du Chailln. “PENA TRATING THE UNKNOWN INTERIOR Routes of All the Successfat Travellers from the Eastern and Western Coasts LIVINGSTONE’S LABORS. Magnitude and Difficulties of Stanley's Great Enterprise, DISTANCE AND DANGER CONQUERED. | WASAINGTON, Oct, 11, 1877, The Department of State ts in receipt of two despatches, dated August 30 and September 1, from the United States Commercial Agent at Gaboon, giving further information concerning Stanley and his party. The first despatch gives the news per a merchant steamer, just arrived inthe Gaboon, of Stanley's arrival on the West Coast of Africa from Zanzibar, on the East Coast, with other particulars which have aiready been given to the public. The second despatch contains copies of the last two letters written by Stanley to @ gentleman at Emboma, who, as will be seen, came to the relief of his party in the very nick of time. STANLEY'S FIRST CALL FOR HELP, ‘The first letter, dated village of Nisana, August 5, 1877, recounts their arrival—115 men, women and children—at that place, in the most pitiable plight; that they could purchase no provisions from the natives; that. in fact, there were no provisions in the country; that the starvation of the entire party was imminent, and that unless relief was soon re- ceived they would all perish. TIMELY AID—THE GRATITUDE OF THE HUNGRY. The second letter, herewith given, gives a most gtaphic account ot the timely arrival of provisions and the feast in the desert:-— BANYAMBOKA, TWO MARCHES FROM bara August 8, 1877. Messrs. MoTTA VEGA AND J. M. HARRISON, Emboma, Congo River:— GENTLEMEN—I have received your very welcome letter, but better than all, and more welcome, your supplies. Iam unable to express, just at present, how grateful I feel. We are so overjoyed and con- fused at onr emotions at the sight of the stores exposed to our hungry eyes, at the sight of the rice, the fish, the rum, and, for me, wheat bread, butter, sardines, jam, peaches and beer. Ye gods! Just think, three bottles of pale ale, besides tea and sugar. We cannot restrain ourselves from falling to and enjoying the bounteous store, so that I beg you will charge our apparent want of thank- fulness to our greediness. If we donot thank sum- ciently in words rest assured we feel what volumes cannot describe. For the next twenty-four hours we shall be too busy eating to think much of any- thing else; but Imay say that the people cry out while their mouths are full of rice and fish, “Very our master has found the sea and his brothers, but ‘we did not believe him unti! he showed us the rice and the rum. We did notbelieve there was any end to the great river (Congo); but, God be praised forever, we shall see white men to-morrow, and our wants and troubles will be over.” Dear sirs, though strangers, I hope we shall be great friends, and it will be the study of my life to remember my feelings of gratelulness when I first canght signt of your supplies, and my poor, faithful and brave people cried out, “Master, we are saved; tood is coming,” and the old and the young, men, women and chiidren lifted up their wearied, wornout frames and began to chant out lustily @n extemporaneous song in honor of the white people by the great sea (the Atlantic) who had listened to their prayers. I had to rush to my tent to hide tie tears that would tow despite all my attempts at composure. Gentlemen, may the blessing of God attend your footsteps whithersoever you go, is the very earn. est prayer of yours, very gratefully, H. M. STANLEY. PAUL B, DU CHAILLU ON AFRICAN DIScoy- ERY—LABORS OF PREVIOUS EXPLORERS NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR—ANCIENT MAPS OF THE INTERIOR—LIVINGSTONE'S ‘WORK AND ITS CONSEQUENCES, New York, Oct. 4, 1877, fo te Evrtor or tax Hiranp:— The world has just been startled by the announce. ment of the arrival of Mr. Henry M. Stanley at tho mouth of the Congo River, on the West Coast of Africa, Indicating the success of the most daring, adventure ous and dificult journey ever undertaken across that continent—a journey which stands unrivalled in the boldness of its conception in tho annals of goographi- tal discovery, aud which bas required an indomitable courage and pluck which will make tho name of Stan. ley forever inemorable in the esearch, If one has followed Stanley in this last expedition and road his remarkable letters—espocially it he has any knowledge of the difficulties of travelling—on that tontivent, and of the peculiaritios of the climate, he Must marvel at the groat achiovement periormed and the obstacles surmounted. He bas passed over an immense tract of now country, whoro even the caravan of tho trader has never penetrated; explored its lakes, rivers, swamps and mountains lying in the very eart of the equatorial zone; he nas pierced through the recesses of forests which only his indomitapie energy rondered penetrable, and ali this in the midst Of savage tribes whose natural condition 1s one of war- fare and who are cruel as tho tiger is cruel trom mere love of blood. With due respect to the great achtevoments of other explorers, and without making invidious comparisons, any candid observer who has no predisposition what- ever for this oF that traveller, but who wishes (0 be Impartial, must admit that this Inst journey of Stanloy Stands foremost among all those thut have taken place, When reading the works written by tho ox- plorers themselves, ono is struck always at their shy- hess of appruacning and following the equatorial fegion aud exploring its bow. The,’ nave either ivoided (he dreaded region altozether or have cros-ed the Equator directly trom soath or north, LANOKS OF PREVIOUS EXPLORERS, 4ct ws pause for a moment and take a bird’ -0yo NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1877.—TRIPLE SHEET. | view of the journeys undertaken by the more prom- inent of those who have preceded Stanley, and tn this mannor we shall see how a knowledge of that conti. nent has been gained step by step and how the exper!- ence of the one has afforded assistance to bis successor. We shallsee that but asmall portion of herctotore unknown regions bas been discovered by each one, in several cager constituting but an insiguificant addition to what was already laid down on the maps. An im- mense tract of the interior of Airica was unknown to the European until within a generation, but the progress of discovery made within twenty-five years has been very great, Among the oldest travellers who have become ceisbrated was Bruco, in Abyssinia in 1768; Mungo Park, from the West Coast, in 1795, whose travels extended from the mouth of tho Gambia as tar as Timbuctoo, and about two degreos further ast, in- Cluding the region between the thirteenth and four- teenth degrees north latitude, and as far as the six- teenth and soventeenth degrees east longitude; Clap. Perton, who, in 1825, started trom the West Coast of Africa, about 6 deg. north latitude, and working hig way north as tar as Lake T'chaa, 13 deg. 14 deg, lati- uae, 14 deg, 17 min, longitude, Then a luli in African exploration took plac, unul Tuckoy, K, N., explored the River Congo in 1815, This expedition proved disastrous on account of sickness, but succeedea in ascending the stream to nearly the fourth degree of latitude. The explorations of the Niger by the brothers Lan- der, for the discovery of its course and outlet, in 1830, followed, To the north Dr, Barth’s journey is remarkable, not only on account of the extent of country explored but also for the painstaking minuteness of its de- scriptions and the valuable amount of scientific information he collected. Ho started from Tunis in December, 1849, and did not return be- fore 1855, and his explorations extendod as far south as Lake ‘Tchad, then joining the track of another traveller from the Wost (Clap- Perton). This journey of Burtu made us acquainted with a large tract of unexplored region, and was one of the mo.-t dangerous ever accompiished in Africa, Mungo Park, Donbum, Clapperton and Barth ox- plored a very jarge territory of unknown country, which rivals in extent that of tho most daring and Successtul travollers in other parts of Arica, Among tho explorers of that region the names of Overwogg, Vogel, Rohlia and Nachtigall will always be remem- vered. At the same time travellers trom the Cape of Guod Hope were i the interior of Africa exploring toward bhe Borth. Anderson’s explorations co! ited of twoexpeditions between the yeurs 1550 und odd, and through his ine tercsting journey quite an addition was made to our knowledge of Soushern Alricu. He explored Lako Ngaml, abd estimated is circumtereuce at about sixty OF seventy miles, its average width being seven miica, A multitude of travelers and hunters Lave since gone into that region, and among them tho greatest Numrod of modern tines may be mentioued—Gordon Cuaming, Anderson, 1 think, was the first to give a = description of tho tselse tly, -the scourge of cattle, From the Kast Const, from 1849 to 1861, Dr. Krapt, the missionary, on bis journey ipland, discovered Mmouutuins covered with perennial snow, the Kiu- mauvjaro and Kenia, former being 1 deg. 45 min, south latitude and the last 3 deg. 30 min, south Jati- tude, these being situated beiween the thirty-sixth and thiriy-seventh degrees east longitude. To this missionary the world is indebted for the ‘Suggestion Lounded upon native information that one or several lurge lakes would be found in that part of Africa where the Victoria and Aibert Niyanza are situated—a suggestion boat led to:the expedition of Burtvn and Speke, which resulted in the discovery of Lake Tanganyika aod of tho Victoria Niyanza. Hildebrand is pushing bis way by tue way ot Mount Kenia to the Victoria lake, An Italian expedition has the same objective point, but imtenuing to pass through the Gulla country. Baron Van Vecken ascended the Juba River for @ wistance ol perhaps three hundred miles and an air line of about oue hundred and seventy-f¥o geo- graphical mies He was uulortunately “murdered with bis followers by the natives. The inouth of the River Juba is fiteen miies south of the Equavor, ‘To the celebraied explorer, Burton, tue hero of a most daring journey to Mecca, we are indebted tor the discovery 1 the tirst greut lake 10 the regions of Central Airica, His diecovery of Lake Tangapyiky Was @ turoing point In explorations in regard to 1be sources of the Nile. His trareis extonded trom 1857 to 1859, and his publication of “The Lake Regions of Central Alrica’ acted w great deni of attention. He is an accomplished Imguist and scholar ava a mun of great euergy aud courage. ine starting punt was Kaole, latitude 6 deg. 5 min. south. From the coast he followed a soutuwesterly direction as tar as between tue seventh und ciguih dogrecs of soutu lati- tude, which he reached between the thirty-seveuth and thirty-eignth degrees of longituue; then he took a northwesterly dirdction, reaching as fur north as Usumvun; then almost di rest as tar us Luke ores of whieh he reached at Ukarapga, 68 min south, longitude 30 dey. 8 min. Crossing the lake ho tuliowed the shores , Situated Dear the third degree north Since the explorations of Hurton every other ex- plorer of that regiou has availed himselt ot his experi- ence in regard to the route eastward as far as Lako ‘Tanganyika, which is the route of the trading caravans to und ro 1m the interior, starting trom Bagayomo, which 4s but @ tew miles trom Kuole, Too distinguished traveller Speke, whose accidental and untimely end by bis own gun cast a gluom over England aod his numerous admirers in otner coun- tric#, just when he was ready to reap the reward of his discovertos, was the former companion and jieutenant of Burton oa his journeys of uiscovery. On their re- turn fron Luke Tapganyiku they had heard of a large sheet of wi farther portly, said be much larger than the lake they Lad seen, aud on tho uth of July, 1853, Speke left Kazeh in company with av Arab and went directly north, following nearly the thirty-thira deg ve uf longitude Lill be reacned tho head of the Lake Niyanza on the 80th of July, about Sbreo degrees north iativude. his flying trip proving & most important addition to the future fold of Airican discovery, he returned to Burton on the 25th of August, Concerning this 1 canaot retrain trom quoting the words of Burton himself; We hud scarcely, howover, breakfasted, before he an- nounced to me the startling thet that ho lad discovered tte sources of the White Nie. It was an inspiration, perhaps, Speke’s idea from that time was that what ho bad discovered was tho source of the Nile, and on his re- turn to England he never rested tli he started again to prove the tuct, Ou the 27th of April, 1859 he embarked trom Eng- Jand. Captuin Grant, a friend aod companion, was to accompany him on bis exploration, t is ‘not our object to follow this intrepid explorer in tis succes fut journey, or tho discovery of the Victoria Niyanza and its outlet, Which 14 one and the chi: souice of tho Nile. ‘bis jourcey is the more valuable on ac- cuunt of its fine astronomical obs rvations. He saw an entirely uaexplored country, from about tive de- grecs south latitude to about three degrees north, hay- jug Made @ most Valuable addition of eigut degrees in Jativude of country. ‘be Companion and friend of Speke (Grant), a gon- tleman of greut courage and bigu attainments, whose health suflered more than that of Speke, was sepa- rated from him over four months on tuat account. He 18 a good botanist and expert draughteman, a man OL charwing manners and of extreme inodesty, as the ttle of his charming work, ‘A Waik Across Africu,’? Vestilies, aod au admirable companion; one who added HOt w hutle to tne success of the expedition, - NORTIL OF THE EQUATOR, Now I will follow the country nortn of the Equator. Ang first 1 will refer to the journey of Scuwein- furth, irom 1869-71, whose expiorutions vegan be- tweeu the minth and <enth degrees north jatitude and by the thirticth degree o1 eust jongitude, and Teaching the third degroe of latitude north of the Equator, He went as far ax tne twenty-sixth degree of longitude, thus making quite au addi. tion to our kuowledge of this part of the world the relation of that journey of Schweiniurth 13 incontestably one of the most interesting and valu- avie additivus lo Airican explorauon, I is full of information, for fe 1s an ucule observer anda scica Ulte man, Sir Samuel Baker is a gallant traveller, explorer aud daring sportsman, ‘The narrative of tis travers and exploration of the Nile is very interesting, as le- joa drillmot writer. He followed almost im (he track of Speke. alts discovery oi the Albert Niyunza as one of the great basins of the Nile will give bim a Piace among the explorers of these repious, His charming book, “he Avbert Niyunza, or Great Basin ot the Nile,” 18 the more fascinating because his trials, dangers and hardships were suared by bis charming young Wile, (o whom ne acknowledged that @ great part of the success Of his expedition was duc. Voivnel Gordon discovered that tue Nile divided alter it leaves the Aibert Niyanzo, and the westero brauch, heretolore unkuown, 146 tu be tree trom cataracts, Colonel Gordon has established a chain of mintary ‘posts from Gondokoro to tue Aibert and Victoria lakes He bas established the fact of tue connection of both these likes with eweb other. Colone: Long, & distinguished American officer, in 1874-70, Mado oxplerativus Which, (hough extending somewhat into the regions of Spexe, provea very Interestiny, and added greatly to our knowledge souta of the Equator, He discovered in August, 174, Lake Ibrahim, vetween the first and secoud uegrecs north latitude, lopgitude 22 deg and 33 dey. east, luis sheet of water Was uamed by Lolone! Long im uouor of ine Khedive of Egypt. lt was niga time tor an explorer to haime ODE Of bis UikoUVertcs in honor of the sovereign who has dove so much for (he travellors of tuat reg.on And for the enlargement of discovery im that part of Africa, Colonel Gordon’s charming vook is quite au addition (o the literature of that part of tie couniry south of the Equator, Goss, This gentleman, a member of Colonel Goraon’s expedition, has explored tue Albert Ny aud estimates tbe luke to be 140 nies jong vo breadth, but its explorations inust lave been Imperiect, for Stanley reached the luke below the point reucned by Ge Other explorers, among them Mani, Vevey, Piaggia anu otvers, ha ded aigo to our knowledge of the countries of the Upper Nile. VINGSTONE SOUTH OF THE KQUATOR, And now | turn to Livingstone. ‘tue Mure of this loving, patient, painsiaking, trathful, graud old hero w aways Lower bigh amony Airican explorers, ‘fue gentleness of hie churacter with the wild nate among whow tis lot Was cost woe exploring Uw country will soine forever ox an example ut the ky hot OF Lis Woart, Als hropy shows itseit in aiost every page ho wrote, The ubyegation of bis moves cennot be challenged, The love muuy of the natives bud toward him bears witness to bis kindness _4nu of the power he bad over them. What # long life ‘spemt iu tue work of explorativa, in the udvence of Knowledge, in the labor of trying to raise the siend- ard of milious of his lellow men aud of improving their condition, im the abolition of the slave tra aud w every work that could bly raiso tl African above what he is! What a grand, noble lit What a pati rr lon the brightness 01 and more among all the civilized nations of the world. Well bia remains lay under that graod dark plie at tuinster Abbey, by the side of ho have ie themselves illastrious in their own country, In 1840 Livingstone sailed for South Africa trom Glasgow, and alter a sbort stay at Cape Town at once started for the iniand country to join the mis- Sionuries, and was engaged in medicat and missionary labors, Conjoiatly with Oswell and Murray, on the Ast of August, 1849, be discovered Lake Ngami. He heard trom tuat region of a country tuil of rivers, 80 many that no one could tell thelr guinber, and trom that ume Livingsioue bad a longing tosee ‘the coun- try beyond, in June, 7 Livingstone started trom Cape Town, discovered the Victoria Falls, latitude about eighteen degrees south and twenty-e1x degre: ne then eust longitude sweep eustward, travelling almost on a@ live with the Victoria Then he crossed the whole continent of Southern Africa, a distance of over twenty-five de- Tees of lougitude, and twenty-five degrees uf lutitude ‘the Cape of Good Hope. ‘This was a grout geograph- ical teat, deserving all the bonora bestowed upoo Liv- lugstone on bis returo to Eugiand, ‘This was an ims mense stride, and showea at once that Airica could be crossed {rom one soa to anvtucr, But the journey, though within the tropics, had none of the difficulty further north, The climate is better aod not 80 sickly, the country generally open and the tempera- ture not so warm. =‘ ‘as more game, the os not so warlike, and Hgsione when tired coud ride his builock a great part of the way. Besides, on euch side of tue continent the way was known uud Often truveiied to w great distance 1): Livingstone’s second journey was from the east coust—1455-64—and up tne Zambesi, and resulted in the discovery of Luke Nyassa and Shirva, skirting ihe first lake us lar north asthe eleventh degice suuth latitude, His exploration extended to the twenty. SeVenth degree of longitude, and aves not go further south than the eighteenth degree south tutitude in- land, describing all the wutersued of the Zanbexi, Lake Nyassa bus already w steamer hut ia com. partinents, employed by’ Mr. Young, whicn plies on its broud waters, which ure found to extead Jurther north than was formerly believed. From that jake there 18 internal water commuvicution to the sea,and through 118 outlet, the river Sire, with the Zambes!, A mission tn honor of Livingston been established, This lake extends Irom the winth do- ud tenth degree to the fourteenth degree and teenth degree south latitude and between the thirty-fourth degree und thirty-sixth degree east longt- tude, wpproaching thus to Lake ‘Yanganyike much hearer tuau Was expected, Now I come to the reat explorer’s ast journey. He ie indefatiguble, in January, 1866, be 18 aguin in Zaa- zivar, On March 26 be ison the bank of the river Rovuma, and eays:— Now that Iam on the point of starting on auother trip 1 feel quite exhiiar Whoever has read Liviagstone’s last journals must be struck by the great difliculties of every sort he had to encounter—climate, nature and sickuoxs—and must admit this jast journey the mosi difficuls of all, und the results of his geographical discoveries very greut, His journals were all saved, His meeting with siau- ley, 418 retusal Lo come buck and bis determinat.on Lo follow his explorations ot tho watershed ol the Nile, Giied wil bis Ireuds—and he bad them in every civil- iged country—with fear tor his tucure satety; and I, for ove, made up my mind that the chances wero very sim tor his return, for he Was no longer young and his constitution was xo undermined thut I saw thore was nothing in the country of lakes and rivers in that warm chinate which could make bim recuperate hig wastod strengin. His expioration in the last jouruey extended nearly to the tuird degree south latitude, reuching then the twenty-sixth degree east longtitude, beiween tho fourteenth und iifteenth degree of fatitude south, dt would be strange that Livingstone, while searching for the fountains of the Nile, found those of the Congo, He uiscovered two oiher important sheets of water, Lake Bangweolo, between eleven and twelve de- grvos south lititude und between twenty-eight degrees d thirty-one degr north tne Lake north, lougituue twenty-eight degrees and twenty-nine dogrees, We must wait for Stanley, He, we hope, Ras diacovered or followed the sources of the mighty river, ‘Then comes Jast but not tho least journey of importance, that of Cameron, which also tuliowed Burtoo’s route as tar as Tavganyika, then circum- Davigated tho shores south, aud irom the sixtn de- gree of jatitudo went in a northeasterly direction Dearly asiaras the fourth degree of latitude soyth; crossed the Luuiaba Hiver, provably the Coago, between the twonty-sixth wud twenty-sevenin ue- grees of longitude, aud then journeyed direcily south as far us the oightn degree of iativude and took 4 soutb- westerly und then westerly direction till he reached St. Philip de Benguela, between the tweilth und thirteenth degrees of jatitude, Daving periormed 4 most brillant feat woich will, with the journeys of Stanley, Livingstone, Burton aud peke, rauk foremost in the annais of Atrivan travel, Dr. Livingstone und Staniey had fouod a large river flowing into ‘Langanyiks from tuo orth, thus proving conclusively that tuis lake uad nuthing to uo with the watershed of the Nile. Lieutenunt Cameron, alter a carciul circumpavigation ot tout juke, mude the very unportant geograph .caldiscovery uf the outlos of the luke—the river Lukuga, on its western shore—aud con- cluded at once with a great deal of foresight that this stream was part of tho watershed of the Congo. He found it impossible to ascertain the tact on account of the want of @ cuuoe und the hostility 01 the batives, He established that tuts basin was 'h lower level than the jake further north, ng and Modest uccount of his travels, so simply and grap! iy told, 16 quite an addition to Airican iiterature, and has evlarged greatly our knowledge of the vust unknown tract of the Atrican continent. if 1 pave given @ short account of the made a leading African travellers’ explorations it is to show the ex- tout and lavor of Mr. Stanvey’s explorations, which we Will Show in my next letter. I wits conclude by saying that in the celebrated edition of Pivlemy, printed in Kome iu 1608, there 1s two and a map of the projection of the world, on which large lakes, answering very well to tae Victoru Niyanza, are laid down as the suurees ot the Nile. a the atlas of Ortehus, the first ever pubiis which appeared in 1570, a'very rare work, there map of Airica with the two equatorial lakes, Tn an original of Mercator’s atlas in an edition of 1633, these (wo lakes arc on the map. Yhe copies of these origivat und rare works aro in the valuable library of tbe American Geographical Society, wo of them were given by tho worty president ol tho society, Chiof Justice Churles P. Day. The other was givou by Mr. Francis A. stout, ‘Yhe Victoria, Albert and Ibrauim Niyanga servo as the great busiu ol the northern watershed of the Nile, ‘rhe Victoria Kiver Las beou explored tor the first imo as tar as Karuma Falls, aud the connection is estab- lisued beyond doubt between Luke Victoria and Luke Albert, and trom the lake to the falis vesseis of tho lurgost draught can pavigate the stream. Ports huve been establisned by the Kpedivo of Egypt, and soon steamers will plough their way ou the Aluert, Victoria, Ibrahim lakes, &c., and let us nope that civilization aud commerce will soon redeem that part of Africa and the bead waters of the Nile becomo a great em- poriun of trade. The region explored by Speke, Grant, Baker and Staniey is vow being traversed in every direction by the officers of the Kovdive wad other in- telligent travellers, Tho Soou tclographie stations and steam communica tion will ve established. The existence of these lakes, a8 seen by the old maps referred to above, wis undoudiediy known to the ancients and even in more modern times, but tneir discovery, like that of America by the Northmen, was beiore the time when the world was ready to uke advautuge of them, aud was forgotien. Au international commission has been formed onder the presiaency of ihe King of the Belgians, a most devoten and enlightened sovereign, who is Laturally interested in everything that relates to geographical discovery and acicutiflc subjects. “The yeariy execu- live cominittes is located in Brussels, The object is to establish posts im the interiur of Africa (rom which exploration partes can start, tis now Very easy (0 see the resulta of all the ex- Plorations that Baye taken place im Altica, trom tuo Hast Coast aud the Nile region, The world 1s seeking now channels of trade, and every discovery which way tend to its extension ta halled with delight, One studies with pleasure tho discovery made vy tne guilant explorers in Eastero und Coutral Africa. ‘The Water Culmmimunicalions are pertect, a chain of lakes follow each otner, buge vavigable rivers emerge trom these, aud Aature seems 10 have provided natural highways to make that continent xccesaihie to. popu. lation and trade, P. BDU CHAILLU, CUBA. progross 18 inarvelious, PROSPECTS OF AN END TO THE INSURRECTION— LARGE NUMBER OF INSURGENTS SULRENDER- ING. A Havana letter dated October 6 says:—“Nothing of @ positive nature bas trauspired concerning the much laiked of negotiations tor peace between the Spaniards aud insurgents, in the meantime gold has again an upward tendency. According to all the reports from the interior # goveral feeling of demoralization prevails among the insurgents. During the week 104 insurgents bave surrendered, with their arms aod bagguge. tis reported that Genoral Pendergast has gone [rom Santiagy de Cuba to Manzanillo in order to oben negouations for the surrender of 500 insurgents, the greater portion of whom are oficers who have been ib toe iusurrection since the beginning, Lt 18 well Known that the nvighbortood of Manzunitio bas veen ono of the chiet centres of Insurrection—in fact, its Virtupiace—anu & sarrender at that point would regarded as of great siguilicunce.”’ A NEW CUUNTERFEID, Baurimony, Md,, Oct, 11, 1877, A morning paper says:—'‘A counterfeit fifty dollar note, purporting to be of the Central National Bank, of New York, was detected by an officer of the Mer- chants’ National Bank, of this city, yesterday, Tho oto Was offered for deposit, by a banker, who had re- ceived it without suspicion of its genuineness, The engraving both oo the lace and back of the nute 18 of a Very superior character, and the only aiflere: be oUsei¥ed betweou it and a geuuige ote 18 that tho conptericit 8 both a trifle narrower and shorter, and: the er on which It i® executed 14 rather thicker, Whicu latter circumstunce led to ils detection, WITH MEHEMET ALI. The Turkish Camp at Sarnasuflar. VISIT TO THE RUSSIAN POSITIONS. The Battlefield of hassan. Kara- THE M P. AND THE RUSSIAN HEAD, of Karahassan—Russian de The Horrors “Ruses Guerre.” SCENES OF MEHEMET’S VICTORIES, ER Karcniter, Ngan Karkawassaxkxct, Sept. 4, 1877. T have just arrived lere from the positions oecuple by the Turksin Thursduy’s battle, Luving traversed the whole battle fleid between Huidarkeui and Koteni- Jer along the valicy of the Lom and up the heights of Karnbassan, It was a most interesting journey; all the more £0, a8 we had alreaay seen the whole coun try below us spread out like a map, and were famihar with the localities which had been fought over the day dolore, 1 started early in the morning trom tho camp beveath tho Sakar Tepe, where 1 bat met withthe greatest bospitality aud good fellowsbip from the doc. tors of the National Society, who had given mea stretcher for tho night u8 a bed, beneath the shelter of tneir own teat. Lhopel may uover wanta stretcher suve ag a bed of repose; it 13 certainly a comfortable one, Ti DATTLE FIELD OF KARAHASSAN. Leaving the hospitable camp of the National Society soon after sunrise, I set off on my tour over the field of yesterday's ight, accompanied by two colleagues who were bound on tho sumo mission, The road into the valley of the Lom leads down from Surnasuflar, through the dense undergrowth which clothes the slopes of the Kirichen hilis, and then emerges upon the low, bare spurs of the rango which were occupied by the Tarkisn and Egyptian batteries, Reaching the valley we made straight for the river, but found that the bridge at that point was broken, so our horses had to scramble down the steep bank and ford the stream. We thenentered tho village of Haidarkeui, which we found completely deserted, but apparently uninjared, 1 mentioned in u previous letter that we bad seen eight or ton Cossacks gallop into the village from the battery behind it during the battle, but we could not fing any traces of fire among the houses or barns, ana it i's probable, thercioro, that if the object of the dash at Huidarkeui was to set it on fire the attempt was trus- trated by tho Turkish batteries, which sent a shell or two into the place soon alter the horsemen bad arriyed, THE RUSSIAN THRKE-GUN BATTERY. Ata distance of a quarter of mile from Haidarkeul, between it and Popkeui, was the site of the Russian battery which tired 6o well and £0 steadily on the day of the battle. My companions did not seem to care about visiting the battery, 50 I Went on alone, slowly and cautiously, keeping under cover of the village as long as possibie, The Russians wero still close at hand at Popkeui, and as a trip to Bucharest or St. Petersburg is not included in my instructions I care- fully examined the ground about the battery through my glasses boforo | moved out of the village, Nothing Was visibie on the gentle ridge, on the crest of which the battery stood, except « broken down ammupition Wagon, and as the site scomed to be enurely deserted I rode on up the siope, the natural glacis of the bat- tery, and soon found mysvlf on the spot. The earth. works consisted of threo single gun pits, behind which wag an extousive parapet, flinked on ‘either side by pheltor treuchos and rile pits for infantry. The ground tm and around tho battery and tronches was ploughed up und geored by the Turkisn sholls, which, having ‘been fired from an elevation, bad burrowed deeply into tho earth and torn up the soil in bursting. Svvoral shells bh) barat fairly within the works, but many lay unexploded on the loose earth of the parapet, I picked ap one of these to @ back and show my companions, and when we had satisfied our curiosity as to its size and weight 1 handed it to my servant to deposit genily on tho ground and rode on. Glaucing over my shoulder | was horrificd to see the stupid follow driving it into the ground poms downwara! 1 geve ashout and clapped spurs into my borse, fully expecting the next momeut to seo my man aud his horse fly in pieces to all points of the compass. Sco ing mo gallop off he abandoned bis efforts to “hide tho shell,” which, be explained, was his object, and seemed surprised whea I told bim he was preparing a death trap for the fret Bulgar ploughman who might pass over the ground. [ have noticed at Rustehuk nd elsewhere that a largo percentage of the Turkish ells do not explode, but that very few of the Rus- #ian shells are blind, A TOUR OF ONSERVATION, Close t tho battery isa tumulus, or grave mound, the summit of which bas invariably been occupied by vidottes, Before the battle there was always a Cos- sack on tho mound, and across the river at about eight hundrea yaras distance a picket of Turkish cavalry kept asbarp lookout toward Popkeul. Whon I visited tho battery not a Cossack was anywhere to be secu, and the temulus was the watch tower for the baghi-bazouks, two of whom were standing like statues ‘on the wp, I had completed my examination of tho battery and was about to ride away, when, fromm behind the tuma- lus, issued General Baker anu his staff and the British and French milnary attach “Ob, you're the bisbi- bazouk we've seen riding about here so long,” ro- marked the jocular Coloucl who reprosents England, “and you're looking for dead bodics, of course,” added the French attuché, I laughingly replicd that there were no corpses to plunder, but M. de Torcy pointed to a spot, about filty yards distant, and said that there was one poor follow with ball bis lead blown off lying there. 1t was the body of a flue young man, a private apparently, clothea in a whive canvas uniform, He Jay On ‘his face, with one arm bent beneath his shat- tered heud, MUTILATION. I heard subsequently that another corpse, whi did not see, lay near the battery. It had been decaf: tatea and the head lay a tong way trom the body; doubt the two bashi-bazcuks on the mound kuew al about it Later in the day another party from the camp Visited the batte: ong them was Mir. Ash- bury, the irreprorsitle M. J’., who bad come in his yacht ‘just to see a fight, you know.’’ It was he, I believe, Who found the head of the unfortunate man, and Lain told that a8 be was turning it about with bis stick or umbrella, ono oi tho litte brass medallions which the Russian solaiery are in tho habit of woar- ing dropped from the severed neck and was forthwith consigned to the pocket of the tlustrious tourist, THK TUR POSITION. From the battery I rode back through Haldarkeui to the river and sought in van a sound bridge by which I conid cross over and make a short cut to Karabassan, but ail of the bridges bad beew broken und | was obliged to ride up the river to the one wnicu had been crossed by the Turkish Infantry whon advancing to at- tack the Village, From this bridge a splendid view 18 obtained of the Kiricheu hills and of Sakar Tepe, tne highest point of the ridgo. Looking at the position from the other side of the ridge I had wondered now toe Russiana could have been driven trom it in the en- Aagement of the 2ist of August, bul seen trom the Lom Valley I was still more astonished that on the following day the Russians snould have ventured an aitempt to recke it, It t# truo that at that time there wee no batteries planted on tho heights, but the access to the ridge 1s ro diMcult that a tandiul of resolute infantry can hold it against a very much superior force, ‘The few hundred men, lea by Valentine Baker Pacha throagi the dense biush- wood, who took the Russians i flank, were able to defeat the attack of a whole division, and when once the retreat began a heavy Krupp gun, dragged up to & higher point of thoridge, was able to play upon tho columns as they reured through the valioy with mur- dorous efluct. “As itis now, with (birty guns in bat. sory on tue lower slopes and ou the biguest points of the range, the position is absolutely tmpregnable, and for the remainder of this year, at least, it t# certain that no Russian tovt will (road those heiguts again, ACKOSS THK BATTLE PIRLD, Onco over the bridge L inade straight for tho line of Jow hills which skirt the valley, meeting with no jurther adventure than a ducking ina muddy diteh whieh I thought would afford firm foothold tor my horse, but into whien he fluuadered ap to bis girths, and, 10 hig frantic struggles, tell head iirst agaiuet the opposite bank, 1 Was jerked On to his ears and buried my (Wo arms up to the elbow tm the mud on either side of Lis lead, As tar as (he Heiguts of Karahassan we now passed through large fields of Indwn corn, some of 1b bigher than vur heads as we rode. Ou every de there Were indications of the passage of troopa. The corn was trodden down and the ground was strewo with the wait devoured covs hastily snatched from the stalk and euten by the bangry men as they marcned through, A little turther on the ground was iittered with melon rinds, Iragments of ammunition boxes and tobacco papers, but there had evidenty been no fizuting over suese elds, and it Wag pot until We arrived upon the heights, upd skirted the woods which crowns them, tbat wo saw anything of the horrors of war. The ground vetwoen Karatassan bay simply been traversed Without resisiunce by the Jolt coutre of the Tarks on their ndvance w carry the village of Haidar- Keut; tb was at Karahassaa vpd the hamlet of Ketcbiier wove It that the decisive struggie took piace. Arrived on the heigiis £ rode uiong their whole lougth, past the wood, which upprouches to within,a fow Joet of the orge ci the bluily and ibto the village. THE HORRORS OF WAR, The first ovidenves of the fight that L saw wore some bewly made graves at the end of tho holgits, Miserable shallow holes, into which the dead men Were thrust aud barely covered with soil, All around the cround was strown with qnantities of the hair dl oby uh ussian army, which had been taken trom the bodies before buriul or aboudoned by the Russians in their Might 1 emptied one of them, It contained nothing but a few cobs of Indian corn and piccos of melon. Eropty cartridge shells 4 spept bullets were thickly scattered through wood, Bevind some ot trees I counted more than @ dozen of the empty shells of the Kranca rifle cartridge Iving ‘oxether, and sho! whero Some determined Russian soldier Lad stood bis round and fired stoadily from his cover upon the ad- vancing enemy. Behind some of the trees the brass cases Jay in uw little dark wet pool. Toe man who bad stood there paid the peaaity of his rash bravery. He bad not been quick to fall back before the rush of the Turks when tbey carried tho wood, The stench iv the wood was something @readtui, An indeserib- ably sickening odor pervaded the whole air, ana I w iad Lo get out trom ubuer the trees tu the edge of th heights again, ROBBING THE DEAD, 1 was curious to uscertain the real steepness of the heights, which from a distance looked almost like perpendicular clitta, | walked along the edge and looked over, The beights are nowhere perpendicular, but slope abruptly into the plain, broken along their Whole Jength by narrow gullies or raviues (ormed by tbe ac- tion of ‘water, Near the bottom of two of these ravines lay two dead Russian soldiers, headlong dowo the slope, stripped stark naked. Both of the bodies lay faco ‘dowuward, with one arm bencath the faco aod the other stretched forward, with extended fingers, along the ground. These uaforiupate men had evi- dently attempted to escape by running down the TuviLode but Were Seen by the pursuing Turks from tl edge and killed, 1 piciured to myself, as looked down upon the gbastly, prostrate forms, how these two inen, baying made a brave stand {rom tree to tree, found their retreat by the village cut off by the swilt fuvance of the onemy’s skirmishers, 1 imagined them, a few wild glances right and left, jumping over the edge of the clifl and plunging down the nar- row gullies, They have almost reached the bottom when the first lino of skiraishers emeryes from tne wood and rushes to (he edge of the boights; there Is a shout and in an instant twenty rifles Lave covered the flying mea. “There are two Giaours less in the World,” say tho soldiers, chuckling, us they flip out the discharged shells from thoir Martini-enrys, [ noticed that one of the bodies was riddied wiih holes through the smait of tho back—wbethor ballet Loves or #tad Wounds 1 could not tell—and that vown had their heads on, Boih wore fine, well developed men, with very fair skins and light hi 1 saw several of the woll-hke dogs which infest every Turkish town and villago sneaking about the bodiew, but not touch- ing them. THA TURKISH BATTERIES, Which bad advanced through tue wood and villages almost as quickly as tbe skirmishers themselvar, were ju position at the edge of the heights in the works which the Russians had constructed during their oc- cupation of tne place. The Muscovite general pad evidently expected u front attack from the valley side, aud bad thrown up a parapet on the heights, flanked by shelter trencues nad rifle pits, Probably ‘ne little uuagined that fora whole fortnight Meiemet All bad been preparing a surprise tor bim, and that a portion of the Rusgrad army would sbortly descend upon him like a thunderboit trom the hills above his position, The artillery teams were picketed in the wood be- hind the guns, and tue gunners were ri ment’s volice to stand to arms. Several Wore staudiug on the parapet of a round battery wuich crownod the nighest point of the vluifs, scanting the yailey and the opposite bills with their glusses, I jutbed the group, und, looking out in the same direction, platbly perceived the tents of a Russian camp vehind the village of Polomartena, which 1s about five and a halt iniles distunt from Karabassan, straight across the valley. AN ALARM, On the hillside, close to tne tents, several Russian | battahons were massed and wore apparcatly going through the evolutions of a parade, But suddenly a cloud of dust was seon benind the shoulder of tae hill, along, douse cloud, which could only have been raised by « large namber of men, The dust was intently watched for a tew moments by all of us; there was no doubt that it was approachipyg wearer und nearer, The Alarin Was immediately sounued along te wuole line, ‘The artilterymen ran to ther guns and took up thelr places ready to open fire at the word of command ; the teams wero harnessod to the limbers and tue ammuni- tion boxes opened, the sound of the buge rang through the wood and the intantry battalious which Jay concealed in it fell in by companies; tor a tow Moemouts the heights aud the forest resounded with Ube clash of arms aud the tramp of thoucands of men and herses; then all was still; the attuck Was awaited in silence, 1t proved to be w talso alarm; the dust cloud travolied off to the right, up the valley, aud was geen no more. One of tho ollicers told mo’ that tho Rus: were in the havit of employ ivg many ruses de guerre tu deceive the Turks. Just now they are pi ticularly anxious to ‘make belicve” that they have large forces opposite Karabassan, at Popkeui and Polo- toarteua, thinking that the Turks will thereby be ro. strained from following up their victory by auotber attack. The officer asstired me that one of their dodges is to Lie Duge bundles of brushwood and boughs vf troes on cach side of @ horse in such a manner that they trail along the ground, Four or tive horses thus riggod, und led ata walk, one behind the vther, will Taise dust enougn to represent 4 regiment of infantry. Perhaps the threatening cioud whict made the whole force on the heights staud to arms with so much mar- Ualclatter und bustle was produced by a tew sorry ags or hall a dozen donkeys! TLE SPOILS OF WAR. Alter the excitement bad calmed down I was invited to tuke coflee with ove of the artillery officers whose bivouac was iu the wood, On our way there a privato woldier came up and sbowed mea litle Lrass medal- hon embossed with @ religious subject—the traoslig- uration, 1 think—whicn he had taken from the neck of adead Giaour, perhaps one of taose who lay stilt and siurk ia the ravines. He bad not the slightest conception of the meaning of the trinket, but nothing would indace him to part withit. Ihe artillery cflie cer’s bivouuc consisted merely of a matiress and bianket spread under a tree, with a Russian overcoat for pillow. The coat wus made of course gray Lairy SGM, and on tho fed shoulder straps was pajuted in yel- low the number 35 Largo quantities of couts thus marked were tound atter the battle and mauy kepis Probably, therefore, the Kug- sian force 1m the village comprised the Fifteenth division of the army, of wiich the 140th regiment formed a park I never tasted better coffee than that which my host the captuin of artillery offered me, Lt was mado in the usaal Lurkish fashion, boiled three tumes ina uutlo long nandied brass potover a fire which was hightod 1m an oblong hole in the ground, and then Served in tiny cups, which fitted inte metal stands like egg cups. We’ talked of the battle and of the respective qualities of the Russian and Turkish in- luntry. My vost eeomed to have a very low opinion of nis enemies, and suid that the Turks hud swept them out of the woos and villages like chaff; he thought their guns were admirable and well served, but that the Russiaus itmvered up sod drew their artillery out of action long vetore there was any necessity for doing 80, aud lait the tufantry to stand tue brunt of the fight Can it. be possible that ihe Russian artillery sili cling to the proce pts and commands of the Emperor Nicholas never under any possible circumstances to lose a gun? It will bo Temombered how @ close obedienco to tuis absurd order caused the gunners in the great battery on the heights of the Alma to carry of their pieces when a wavering aud disjointed line of skirmisners appeared on tho slope and to abandon their strong position to a mere mob of red-coated solusers, 11 seems inpossivle that the Russians, brougut up with such traditions, should ever employ their artillery as au oflenst when they make such poor use of ittor defences. Turks, on the contrary, thoroughly understand (he use of tleld artillery and Know bow to advance tueir batteries: With ap active front, During the battic of Karahussun the Turkish gous wero spleudidly served and manwu- Yred, moving quickly about and firing briskly troin ever changing positions, When ihe Russians re treated they were fullowed up by the /urkisn artilery, aud in a very suort time after the village burst into flames the artillery bad pressed through tho wood, svized the heights and opeued a destructive fire upon the flauk of tho reuriog columns. 1 believe credit Of iniusing Lis active spirit into the ‘Turkish artilierymen belungs to Baker Pacha, who seems to have been Loe soul of the whole alluir, and who richly deserved the decorution which wus bestowed upon bim immediately after the buttie. A BLAZING VILLAGE. Alter bidding adieu to my hospitable entertainer 1 Tods on to the Village, All that L hua previously sven faded into nothing before the terribie spectacle which lay Leiore me a8 Lentered the main street of Kara- Moro than half the Village was on tito, and s were roaring and crackilng on ail sides, Houses, burns, stavies, fences, all were involved inone cowmon destruction, The road was littered with aébris and ashes, and an extraordiaary quantity of printed sheets, tore from Bulgarian bibles, were lying about in every direction. Tue pluce was swarming with busti-bazouks, Who Were pillaging Aud fansucking the nouses which the flames had not yet reached. Down the roud, leading accoss tue river to Opaka aud Gagovo, Which Was the main Lino of retreat, the bodies of Russian soldiers wero tnickly scattered. the Tarkisu guus, when they gained the euge of the heights, bad poured au chiding fire into the flying masses, aud the slaughter bad been gre The buriai parties were at work, cituer dixging sbaliow os oF houpivg up earth ‘over tho curpses as they Y; a horrible stench filed the air, for in the heat of the August suu (he unburied Oodies of men and horses hud wiready begun to decompose. As It was impossi- bie to spend the night at Karabassan | weot on about @ tole and @ hall to the litte village of Ketchiler, here wore many evidences of a desperate struggle along the road; [reshiy made graves were seatiored in Kroups turougu the lidids on cituer baud; the trees of @ Wood Which bud Leen sivutly detended were torn with stot and shell, aad a littic further on there was A cemotery ut the edge of the wood where the Kus- sian inlaniry, crouching beniad the cover of tue gravestones, had 1 @ stand, Many of the tomb- Stones were shuttered and chipped, and @ carved and painted jez and turban Whicu marked the resting place of some well to do Mussuiman villager, was cur off from the slab beneath the Verses of tue Koran ag cleanly a8 Wild ak. KeTCHILER, Finally, as evening was setting to, I reached the village of Ketcbiler, where the destraction was oveo more complete than at Karabassan, there being soarcoly haif adozen houses unburned. Tho village presented an extraordinary appearance irom a ais ; the ground on whieh it on ood Was coverca square patches, havicg a gray border and interior, aud long wes of ashy gray marke: gf the sireets; the equarcs were the touad vouse charred beams and bucnt ules, and the yray Hives marked tho site of the mud and wattle fences which encivsed thom. The trees which, ag nevory Turkish Village, Were scattered profusely among tho bouses were scorched aud burned by the flames; 1% many cases the louves. on one-half of @ treo bad ceen burned to a dull red, while the other side remained trosh and green. From « distance it looked as though Ketchiler was tn advance | of the season wud ite trees fad donued Ue tuts of autumn efe the suminer had barely passed. The vil- jage Was absolutely deserted; Its only mhavitants were ihe dogs apd owls, | stopped av the first house L came to, 9 miserable, flithy, Little dev, and took pox essivn of iti the pame o:—neccssity! My servant * found @ hoap of musty straw somewhere and wo divided it tor beds, A solitary chicken, which we aptured after along and arduous chase, ‘med our wih o little biack bread, and alter we tad the bones clean we were glad to fliug ourselves down of the and forget {na sound slumber all " the unpleasant things we had seon im the course of our ride, THE RUSSIANS REIILE AND THE TURES FOLLOW THEM UP—THE VILLAGE OF POPKEUI—HAVOG BY THE DASHI-BAZOUKS WITNESSED ON EVERY HAND—A SKIRMISH AT KARAVATCH—LASI DAYS OF MEHEMET'S VICTORIOUS CAREER. Camp ov THE TURKISH ARNE IN THE FintD, Koratcux, Twenty Mites East ov Raena, | Sept, 15, 1877. ‘the first result of the Turkish victories at Karabas san and Kuzeljevo has beer to cuuse the Russians te retire from the whole of their posiiious om the Lom, and, as 4 natural consequence, the army of Mehomet Ali will advance along the whole line and push the enemy back to a deiousive position vovering Mela The corps of united Turks and Egyptians under the com- mand of Prince Hassan, which ts encamped on the heights above this village, 18 under orders to march fore ward, and the advance was to take place yesterday, bat as the rain poured aown in torrents it was postponed and the corps remained on the summit of the bieak plateau during the whole day. The rain drove in sheets and the cold was great. On the day of the battle of Kazeljevo, the Sth inst., the weather sud. denly changed and the autumn set in; since then wa have onjoyed fine bracing weather and, with the ex. ception of yesterday, no rain has fallen, although the rainy season 18 fast drawing on, Oa Tovsday, the 11th, tho morning broke with a dense, beavy mist, which gradually cleared up, and orders were at once given by the Commander-in-Chief to maren, THE ADVANCE. The tents of the camp were quickly struck, the * wg. ong loaded up, horses addled, and in a short timo the staff moved down the heights into the valloy of the Lom. The first villago on the route was Sultanken, which had been bers gre by the Russians betore tit recent battles; hall of the place was burned down, ané as yet voue ot the inhabitants bad returned. I no Uced that the Russians had thrown several bridges across the river ior the passage of their heavier guus The road then led througu a charming ferule country into a deep ravine, through whieh runs one of the litte tributary brooks of the Lom As the bottom of this ravine is @ beautiful grove of unusually jargo trees, which must bave formed a delightiul and secure camping piace fora conuiderabie torce; probably tne Russi: whiled Alix aud Briscoe, bad teen mado a (ew daya ago, during Which they made (be discovery oi the Ruesan 1 the critical position of the fourteen Beary guns which Hassan acne deciined to sure, Soom after leaving the ravino We arrived at Popkent, the famous village on the Lom which the Russians bad made one of their bases of operation on the line of the river, POPKRNI, The village owes its importance to its connection by good roads with Bjola on the west (tweaty-oigut mil and with Osmaa Bazar on the southeast (twenty milk Popken: is built ou the slope of a valley which ini sects the valley of tue Lom, and hes at about three miles distance rom tho stream. I noticed to my sure prise that the villagers bad already begun to retura; women were filling thoir water pitcuers at the foun tain; herds of sheep and goats were being driven along the sircets by the children and the men wi sitting In groups under tho shade of the fences discu: ing the coudition of their houses and elds ulter the Giaour occupation, And to teil the truth | fancy the villagers found everything pretty much in stay quo, us tur as their dwellings were concerned. halted and cooked my diuner ina deserted Bulgarian house, the owner of which was evidently a great wine grower, tor in his ground floor room were two \m- moenso casks, the heads of which bad beea knocked in; # Turk, who was watching my cultuary operations with much interest, told mo that the unfortanate Bul- gar hag fled withoat attempting to suve any of hig wine, but bad abandoned the two brimming’ casks to the advancing Cossacks, Many of the shutters 4 doors had been torn from the houses, probably to servo as firewoud, but beyond thie the Turkisn quarter scems to have escaped injury. The mosque, bowover, Was much damaged, A shell had decapitated t Mineret and passed through the roof, but the prayer carpets still remuned on the floor of the building 1 troat of the niche in the eastera wall, The Buigarian schvoi bad been completely gutted, of course, by the bashi-bazouks sincy the Russian retreat, and the destructive scoun- drels bad, us usual, cut and slashed the pictures and torn the books to pieces, scattering the iragments in and around the building. On the bigh ground about the village Were the guo pits, batteries and shelter trenches thrown up by tho 1 during (weir occu pation, but which bad never bee even to covor Vheir retreat, tue battle at Kuzeljevo haying m: the battle of Karabasgan, but whether by the Russiaut ip an attempt to dre the-whule vilixge or by tue basht bazouks who lirsi eatered wt immediately attor thé retreat commenced I cannot say; probably by the latter. 1 observed in Popkeni several graves ot Rus sian soldiers Tho uniortunate inen bad beon #¢ hastily or 60 carelessly buried that the bodies in swelling had burst the gtaves open, The bodies were exposed and presented w dreadiul appearauce; man; of them had been dried inio mummies by the eat Wwe sun, were still covered vy shreds and patel of what bad once been tho uniforin of ther corps, GUSS AND KIVLE PITS From Popkeui to Kopaich?, my present quarte: the whole ruute (it 18 the diroct road to wjela) studded by earthworks and batierics thrown up by tne Russians to protect ibeir re:roat and check the pursuit which they naturally expected after the ue- jeat inflicted upow them at Karabassun, Toaoks vo the incapacity of the Egypuan Prince or the oxe treme cauuousness of tus Turkish Commander-ine Chiel, these well placed earthworks were not made u! of, wud the Russians got clear away to their ne positions betore Bjcia wih the loss of only a fow horses, which lay balf devoured by the doxs aloag the roadside, As usual, the able and energetic Salich Pacha, wna the best generals in the Turkish army, ac nied by Baker Pacha and bis fire-eating aidog, has recounoitred tne wholo country ap to the present position of the Russians, RECONNOISSANCH BY THE ANGLO-TURKISH OFFICERS, One of the officers on the siafl gave me a fow detailg of this reconnowsance. Baker and bis two aides, Majors Briscvo aud Allix, had ridden on as far usd village calicd Karadusch, almost half way to Bjola, where the ground lies ou hign ridges parallel to une Toad, and conwected by another ridge intersecting them at right angles just behind the village, which is a forest, with high ridges tn the rear. under the impression that the ‘Turkish cavalry wi advance of them acouting the country the gailaat Gen eral aud bis aides rode on to the top of the Tidgo on the left of the road, and to thets onishment saw nothing Whatever of thir cavalry, i a soldier Was in Sight lo SLOW that a large portiog of the Turkisi army was udvancimg. They pushed on, however, to tue village of Voaitscha, and, as al WAS Quiet, sat down bear (ue Village on a grassy plate and veguu Lo discuss the lunch they had brought wi them in their holsters, They had scarcely begun when they suddeuly saw crowds of villagers pouring out of the Village, On questioning them Wore 1 formed that the Rusgians were about throe milk away. N THE COSSACKS. Tho fears of the villagers, or rather bashi-bazoukg | (my muitary friend is in the Turkis service and prov iers to cali the armed maic Turk who has no agrivule turalintorests at present a “villoger”) proved iw be well founded, for suddeuly a long line of Cossacks made their appearance, 10 skirmishing Ofder, on Lhe transverse Fuge, bear Karagusch, ariving belore them some Circassians The Engirst oflicers tried to fora Up the Circassians and basii-vazouks imto some kind of order, but their eflorts Were useless, aod the itregue as they could, General Baker, seemg that there was not @ moment to bo lost, ordered bis aides to gailop buck toward = Popkeui und bring up t cuvalry, Which presently arrived; two squadrons were sent through the village aud two others to the right and Jett, This foree opeued out im skirmishing order aud advanced. [t soon became appareut that the Rus- siaus had two regiments of cavalry, tour batialious of iniantry aud two batteries of guns Close at hand, ang the aides wore, therelore, once more sent flying bacy for infantry Ww support tho cavalry. fr SKIRMISH OF KaKAVATCH. The Turki: avairy behaved splendidiy, keeping ¢ g00d line and firing steadily, rusuing the Cussackt back by degrees into the wuod over the village, ab though the Russians had now brougut tho fee of @ battery ia the vailey aad a company of im janury on ‘their right add lett flauks vo beat upon the brave borsemen. Unuer the fire the Turkish cavairy bad eventually to zive way, but 4 battaliv of iniuniry came up in the Hick of ime ang forced the Russian horse to retire, ‘Tuis batialion ther udvanced beyond the woou, and two companies toob in flank a cuinpany of Russian infaniry on of tuotr line, Killing twenty-one and suiforing o Wu return, Two turkish guns came .uto wction tt the rear, and tue whole of tue Turkish loree now ad Vancing together drove the entire boty of Russ! through the viliage of Voditscha As it was grow! lave the order was given to retire, and the Turks took Up positions jor the nigut ou tho trausverse ridge, > TUK LOSsbs, In this Oght, whieh may be regarded as the Orst contact of tue Turkioh coutre witu the Russiwn army Fetiriug on Bjvla, the Russians lust seventy kiied aud filty wounded, while the Turkish loss was very inaige nilicant—vot a dozen men kuled and wounded. T Russian lores engaged proved to be the 126.n regi. ment, forming part ofthe Thirty-second division of the Eleventh corps Warida This skirmish proved, agement has shown, ihe tneon. aperiority of tho Turkish over the Russian soldier, also (he vastly superior shooting power of tho Mirtio-Henry rile over that eurried oy the Russian oops. At 350 yards the Russian rite to be doadly, while the Murtini-Heary rauge inflicts tremendous loss, The Tarke youd they curry, aud being naturally excollont marksince they pour a tremendous fire upon the enemy before ht is Within his own fighung distauce, Tue Turi troups are flushed wita theif regent brilliant sacce ana plunge tito battle With immense enthusiasm, Mbey lave ‘an ater contempt Jor tho Mussian sulmery,? aod I Dave beard on two or three occasions that tht troops Who served ih the Sorvian war have sail they would rather Lave the Russias to deal with than (he despised solliers of the vanqursned prinerpality, Hag tue powor of tue Caar of uli the Kussias sunk so iow oe this? a thoroughly appreciate the superiority of the we: that