The New York Herald Newspaper, May 7, 1877, Page 5

AMERICAN COTTON Advantages cf New England as _ Compared with the South. ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS, Honest Money and Free Trade Needed. THE NATION’S FUTURE, yesh atith, ctwas 8 oS To tux Evrror ov Tae Herau In previous numbers the relative conditions under wich the Northern United States compete with Great Britain in the manufacture of cotton fabrics have been stated. It may bo sald that the same argument would apply to the Southern States as against New England that has been used in describing the advantages of New in contrast to Old England, und within certain limits this is tree, In some portions of the Southern States, whero thero is already 1 moderately dense population as yot unemployed excopt in domestic work, afew mills may bo sucorsstully eatablisned; it may, how- ever, prove to bean error on the part of the South as a whole to expect to find in cotton spinning the key to prosperity. Cotton spinning requires for its permanent success a large capital, a very few operatives, amplo banking facilitics, a thoroughly orgauized system of distribation, a machine shop on one side and a paper mill to work up the waste on the other; but, more than all, it requires nabit and tratumg for it or other like occupations in the mass of the com- munity, aad a cool or cold climate, im which long hours of persistent but not arduous indoor labor can be sustained. The spindle must be operated overy working day and all day long, else the profit is lost, and tie isolated factory which must keep a largo force of green hands in training or of spare hands under pay, in order to assure the constant working of she machinery, will soon run behind the mill situated \n a dense population trained to the work, where ali the repairs can be done by the piece and where no extra mechanics and no sparo hands are required, The South 1s in a certain sense a new country passing out from the isolation and biight of slavery into the com- pany of {rce States and the diversity of employment which is only consistent with liberty, WHAT THE SOUTH NKEDS Fmst, The South necds first tho toolmaker, the wagon builder, tho tinman, the stove maker, the wheel- wright, tho tailor and the hundred otner occupations \n which @ Mttle capital serves for the payment of jarge sums in wages—not the cotton millin which a large capital is converted slowly into wages and gives wmployment to but few persons specially tramed, This point can bo woll illustrated by an example. The mill which has been so carefully analyzed by Mr. Burke, in tho report previously referred to, contains 5,965 spindies operated upon No, 14 yarn, which yarn js woven into a thirty-inch drill, an easy fabric to make and ono for which there is a large export de- mand, {t would not be good economy to-day to buila & mill leas than four times the size, as so smail u fac. tory can only be cheaply operated when it forms a part of a very large establishment, as this one docs; but this one will best serve as an example, because the Jats in rogard to it are all ascertained. Such # fac. tory would to-day cost from $16 to $20 per spindle, according to the skill applied in construction und auxiliary buildings needed—a coarse mill being wore costly thanatine one. The first cost would theretore bo $112,000 to $140,000, and it would require not less than $30,000 to $35,000 active capital, The minimum of capital would theretore be $150,000. It would pro- duce 2 58-100 pounds of cloth per spindle in a week ot sixty bours, or a fraction under 1,800 pounds per week, equal to 936,000 pounds, or 2,666,760 yarda in a year, worth at present prices a little over $200,000. The product of a coarse'mil! amounts to a little moro than the capital in each year, with cotton at its present Price ot 12 cents per pound; ou medium or tine number the annual value of the product is less, In this factory of 6,965 spindles the number of persons actually operating the machines is 16 males and 74 females, 90 1n all, The cost of the labor of carding, spinning, sizing and weaving as stated by Mr. Burke would be 2 8533-10000 cents por pound of clot, amounting in a year to $26,706 88-100, at an average of $296 74-100 to each hand. In addition to the porsons actually operating the machinery, in- cluding overseers, the payments for labor would ve for watchman, yard hands, mochanics, paymaster and supermtendent, and for spare hands, In a thickly settled community, trained to factory work, the num- ber outside the operatives would be very few; inan \olated mill more numerous, ' COST TO RUN A SMALL MILIn The disadvantage of a small mill or an tsolated ono is in respect to the cost of overseers and mechanics, Their pay is rolatively the highest, und they must thoroughly trained men in their respective depart ments, The singlo mill that can now be operated at the lowest relative cost is one of not less than 32,000 spindles, Such a factory needs a skilful overseer of carding, spinning and weaving, and one man suflices in each of these departments, It is large enough and not too Jargo for one suporintendent and one clerk, and where most of the repair work can be done outside by the piece it can be well served by one wood and two iron workmen, one watchman and cne fireman, ‘The tactory of 6,965 spindles, which wo have taken asan oxamplo, would requiro ina year 2,400 bles of cotton, The advantage which the South would pos- sess over New England would be in the freight of the cotton, which now ranges from half a cent to one cent a pound, averaging $3 a bale, or $7,200 year, But this advantage is somowhat dejusive—the goods must be mostly sent to New York for sale, as tho production increases over thd local consumption, and therefore a large part of the assumed advantage would be lost, Any actual difference would soon be absorbed if the Southern isolated factory should be forced to keep any extra number of mechanics or spare bands, More- over, the rates of transportation in and from the South ure now excessive, bein; more than double tho rates to and from the West, aud as tho method of cleaning, packing, baling and moving cotton is improved and tho cost is reduced the relative disadvantage of New England will, in part, bo removed, whilo it will fora long timo retain its superiority in training and always in climate, as it will always have the advantage which the northern zone possesses in ull work that demands close application throughout the year, The prevailing opinion in the South that prosperity ‘Will of necessity ensue Irom tho establishment ot nu- merous cotton mills may not be well grounded, and it may well be asked whether a section in which capital is scarce and the rate of interest therefore high, can afford investments of $150,009 in a business in which only 100 people would be employed and not over | $30,000 a year paid in wages. Such occupations belong in old and densely populated sections where pital ts abundant and interest low, Tho No 14 to No. 20 cotton mill turns its capital into wages only once tn four or five years, but the wagon maker, the worker in metal, the tool maker, the furniture maker jd others who must of necessity live and work near the farmers who are their customers, are the repre- sentatives of branches of industry in which capital turns itself into wages once, twice or thrice a year; it is therefore ghese occupations that build up villages, towns and cities and make trade active because they fequire heads 48 well as hands, and they represent di- rorsity and not concontration of employment, IMPORTAST BRATIO: Of the 12,600,000 persons whose occupations wero weertained and listed in the census of 1875 not over de per cent were listed a8 then employed in all the cotton factories then existing In the United States, and they were mosily uamarried women, — /t follows that where cotton spinning is to bo undertaken It must be considered much more with roference (0 the prospoe- tive profit on capital than with reference vo the occu- pation it will give to the people, and it will be noticed that the factory which uses 2,400 bales of cotton in a year gives employment to 300 to $00 workingmen in the lel, where it yields employment to less than 100 men, women and children in the mill, The question presents a very diferent aspect, however, when we compare the trained operatives of New Kogland with those ot old England in thoir relative conditions, Where the business isa very close one and is well established in two places the relative advantage may | where they are not needed, crowding miserable tene- turn on very small fractions, “New England can add to the wuges of her operatives the sum of money whieh the movement not only of the cottev, but a large portion of the food of English operative con- sumes, and yet produce a given fabric at the samo cost, therefore small fractions may produce great effects. The writer would not have felt it incumbent upon him to treat the Southern aspect of the question ex- cept for the numerous questions appended to the re- Plies to his recent circular, His Southern correspond. ents may perhaps be led to a more thorough examina. tion of the necessary conditions for success in cotton spinping, and may perhaps be saved some of the mis- haps which are apt to occur im the starting of new en- terprises by men who have not had experience, Witb this paper the series are now closed. It is hoped that the conclusions which the writer has submitted in re- gard to the fiscal policy of the United Stat affect- ing this special brauch ot industry will be fully sifted they do not represent the opinions of a majurity of his associates, though held by an increasing minority. ‘Tho writer has herein attempted to record the facts that may form a part of our Centennial record—that during the Ofteen preceding years an industrial revo- Jution has occurred in tho production of cotton which, instead of destroying it, as many feared it would, has Jeft it firmly established on a righteous foundation and treed from the taint of oppression which once mado it tho sign of our disgrace. The increase of the crop amid the turmoil and tribulation of tho present time proves that, underlying all that appears upon the surface, economic forces are at work -which will control events and ussure peace, good will and plenty to all who seek these blessings in truth and soberness, NECESSITY OF SPECIE PAYMENTS, In the manufacture of cotton fabrics we have sur- mounted, without grave disaster, chances and changes that would have seemed iusurmountable could we havo foreseen them; we have begun the new century upon a firm and selid foundation of hardly earned skill ana economy, All that we now noed to assure a long cra of prosperity is the restoration of the currency to an honost specio standard, the repeal of our navigation acts and the reform of our system of collecting reve- nue, to the end that we may become iree buyers of the goods, wares and merchandise which wo must im- port if we desire to increase our exports. Then we may find our true protection in the intelligence of our people developed by the common school, in the fortility of our soil, and in the fitness of our machinery, rather than in the restrictions of our statutes and tho un- wisdom of our legislators. HINTS POR THS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Tho writer bas attempted in these papers to collate the facts and statistics tn regard to a branch of indus- try in which the data as to the machine using portion of the world are most accurately determined, These statistics aro valuable or otherwise according to the use that may be mude of them. For any immediate purposo or business transaction they might oasily prove asnare and a delusion (as stastics usually do in such cages), but as guides toward a permanent finan- cial policy they may prove of great moment. In one rospect it may be hoped that they will sorve a useful purpose. Might it not be possivie for the Bureau of Agriculture to be 80 organized as to become really an authority in the matters of which it treats? If in place of futile attempts to predict the amount of tho annual crop of cotton betore it is gathered js could organize o department of intor- mation as to the soil, climate and condition of the several States pow so oarnestly demanding additional laborers, might not some of the idle men of the city be enabled to place themselves under caster and better con- ditions? The agricultural reports, as now issued, con- tain @ few grains of wheat buried in many busbols of chef. Perhaps it is useless to expect unytning el from a gdvernment bureau; yet the grand possibility for obtaining and diffusing the most valuablo informa tion by aright use of the resources of the governinen; cannot fall to suggest itself to any ove who makes the attempt on hixown account, If the Department of Agriculture could be as ably and wisely supervised ana directed as the last census of the United States was, its value would be almost boundless. In conclasion, may it not bo satcly asserted that the depression that has of lute existed in the United States cannot last? [tis butthe result of misdirected force and of the disturbanco that inevitably comes from vitiated currency and av excessive tariff, Our en gies bave been spent in building ratlroads, factories and iron works and in opening minos taster than our existing population could use them. Tho result has been what is most absurdly called an overproduction, Abundance never yet did permanent injury to a na- ton; the harm bappens while the nation is adjusting itself to the new conditions, bat when the adjustment is completed and the obstacles of a bad currency and an excessive tariff aro removed, the very causes of our present depression will become the potent in- struments of our future prosperity, The rail- roads will assure the quick movement of vest masses of merchandise at low cost, the national bank. ing system when brought to # specie standard will prove an instrument of exchange most fit and safe for its great and aseful purpose, The coal and iron minos, opened at the cost of bankraptcy to many present owners, will yet furnish power and tools to new gen- erations such as never existed before. When exports aro no longer made difficult or costly by tho excessive duties on imports, all our mills, works and factories will bo insufficient for the need of the world, from whose commerce we have been so long shut out. The inventions avd improvements in machinery for ugri- culture, mechanics aod manufacturing will become forces wboreby bigher wages in their purchasing power, even if nominally lower in rato, may be paid for less arduous labor ard shorter hours of work.than ever before; but greater than all else the productive forces of the sunvy South, controlled by a self-governing and self-respecting people, will be- come a blessing to all and acurse to none, and the citizen of tho United States will no longer have cause ‘to tremble tor the future of his country when he remembers that God 1s jast.’”” FUTURE PROSPECTS. May it not presently appear that tho ‘hard times” under which we now appear to suffer so inuch are but cortain forces working, frst, a redistribution of much of the property that has been gained under the ab- normal action of a vicious currency. Second, an ad- Justment of tho rates of wagos to the necessary con- ditions of lower cost of production on a specie basis, Will not the end soon come in low wages of high pur- chasiog power, in low prices of commodities yielding fair profits,in a comfortable subsistanco from mod- erate gains, aud in a lower standard of what will con- stitute wealth? Such would seem to be the necessary results of better methods in agriculture, manulac- tures, mining and transportation, coupled with sound fiscal legislation, As in the cotton mill that we have taken as an cx. ample it appours that nincty persons, working less hours and earning moro productive wages, now do tho work that required 231 less than forty years since; 80 will it be found in the workshop, in the mine, upon the railroad and on the farm. VREE TRADE ALSO NECKSSARY, When tho intelligence applied to our fiscal I tion shail be only equal to that which bas been ap- plied to our occupations and to our industrial inyen- tions, we shall cease to hear men prate of over-pro- duction, and there will bo fewer homeless families shut out from vacant houses, fewer hungry men craving the excess of food which glute our markets, fewer ebivering 1p Wornout garments for want of the fabrics that cannot be sold, Good money and freer trade may not be a panacea for ali tho ills wo suifer under, but, without them, charity will be powerless to stay the spread of pauperism, and neither private skill not otelligence will stop the waste of capital or the ruin of thonsunds who other- wise might live out their lives in comfort, A country may have the greatest productive power, the best tools of mavutacture and of transportation, the best common school system and the highest ratio of general intelligence, but if it national fiscal system obstructs commerce, if its national monoy Is a dis- honored promise, tf its local taxation is an ill-adjusted burden upon every process of industry, all its advan- tages will be lost, its conuition will be that of a man with a rope compressing his neck—his brain con- gested, his mind confused, bis progress checked, his body paralyzed, At the beginuing of a century this nation presents this pictare—want such as never ex- | {sted here bofore in the midst of plenty, idle laborers ments, with good houses vacant beside them; where urgent demand for lavor, and no sapply; all the elements of the greatest comtort and prosperity exist- jug in sach abundance that the very waste would sup- port another nation half ns numerous, while pauperism intests tho land and erime increaer, | the theatre ot NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, MAY 7, 1 the people yet learned that, although wealth cannot be created by statute, the welfare of all may be im- peded if not destroyed by the perversion of statutes im that attempt, Let the standard of value be mado Just and true, the taxes be so assessed as to take from each man only u part of that which he gains as the end of his labor, and not imposed apon the processes by which be earns his living; let the restrictions upon commerce, in which men and nations serve each other be removed, and then, for the first time, will the power of this nation, rolicved from slavery and en- dowed with tbe railroad, pecometapparent. Is not the only barrier to our welfaro to-day our doubt of our own powers? EDWARD ATKINSON, Boston, May 8, 1877. ART MATTERS. NOTES AMONG THE STUDIOS, The excitement and jealousies which anoually in- vado the esthetic regions of high art aro rapidly sub- siding and giving place to the calm and unruffied con- templation of the beautiful which we poor insects that crawl through the various ways of work-naeday lite be- Neve, with the undoubting faith of a true believor, to bethe normal condition of the artistic mind, Even the victims of the Hanging Committee are now some- times seen to smile, albeit a little sadly, and a tow more sunny days will probably drivo into oblivion every lingeriug shadow of tho winter’s discontent Palette in hand tho artists have’ once moro entered into the struggle for fame against time, which leveis all things, and many new works are now well advanced and full of promise. THE PASSING SnOW. In ono instance a great success has been scored, and another contradiction is given to the too generally accepted opiuion that American artista at home do not labor for improvemens as do their brother craftsmen beyond the occan. J, G. Brown, whu js best known by his studios of the gamin life of she metropolis, is one of our hardest ana steadiest working artiste, and the public have jully recognized his merits in the lib- oral patronage bestowed on his works. Success has had the rosult, in bis case, of spurring bim un to renewed efloris, His new picture is called “The Passing Show,” und represents & group of sircet Arabs ranged along the {vo!puth looking out at a passing circus, which the imugination is loft to supply. We are not wholly leit without guide, howe: 0 the subject matser which attracted the boys’ attention, for in the corner of the picture wo see posted on the walls of the houso ope of those portraits of Barnum which stare on tho Amorican citizen from the wails of vacant houses in every corner of the Union, Mr. Brown has been very happy in making each member of this group of boys a distinet individualization, and has doue so without ap- parent effort, Kuch boy 'is a type that New Yorkers will remember to have stumbled upon at some oftheir lives, and tho idiosyncrasies are strovgly marked without destroying the general resemblance which gaming bave to each other. A TOUCH OF NATURE, T life, plicity and naturalness, The boys are not conscious’ they are boing painted, but look and act just as we under similar circumstances ure very likely to act. In giving variety of expression to the faces the artist has also been ving successful, Taken altogether this pic- ture of “The Passing Show” is perhaps the best the artist has produced. It is bappy in color and composi- tion and full of character, Tbere can be no doubt that {t will achieve popularity. in Mr, Brown’s stadio there is working a very prom- ising pupil, F. Scuchardt, who bas just Goisbed ai mterestivg study of a little girl knitting under the shadow of an overspreading tree. The treatment of this work is moro after the manner of Bouguereau than of Brown, but it shows evidence of talent which only needs hard work onthe partot this student to securs him an honorabie position among our risng i E, Perry is at work on a large canvas, representing an incident of country life, ‘*fhe Passing Stage Coach,’? The heavy, jumbering vebicle passes the schoolhouse justas the youngsters have been dismissed, and, as youngsters generally do under such circumstances, the roup of children turn the incident to advavtage to fave'n lark at tho expense of the passengers, The composition of this work is natural and agroeable, and consiaerable care has been devoted to working out tne details. When placed on exhibition it ts sure to attract favorable attention as one of the strongest and most jt works that pave come trom this artist Edward Moran, the distinguished marine painter, has suddenly disappeared, Dealers and critics seek him in vain. Grave foars are entertained that ho has iallon ito oue of bis own sea pieces and becn lost, Who will recover him? Cropsey bas just finished a large autumn landscape of dazzling ‘brightness, It represents a sceno in Rockiand county, N, Y. a wild district full of charming and little known picturesque dells, whore artiats cau find ample material for charin- Mr. Cropsey’s work abounds in those startling reds and yellows which visitors to the woods notice in the late autuina tn the foliage of the maple trees and scarlet oaks, ‘*‘Wawayande, or the Winding Waters,” ts the pootic name of a smaller but not less fnteresting bit of landscape by the same art- ist, Into which he bas thrown a dolightiul sentiment of ‘repose. Mr. F. H. De Hans has nearly completed a spirited Marine represeuting a wreck off Montauk Point ‘A heavy sea is washing over the vessel, which hus Struck on the rocky coast, and a mass of snow white breakers thunder in on the shore, for which the w d crew are pushing In thelr lifeboat. The com- position is very spirited und the cloud masses driving over the coast are very happily realized. Rheinhart is busy on designs for chromos, in which Popular branch of art be has made a real success, One of theso designs, representing a group of children ut the edge of a pond uuder w spreading elm tree en- gaged In launching miniaturo ships, 18 especially tak. ing. The composition is exceedingly happy. “lapa's Lunch’? will, perhaps, be more popular with the rustic population, as it deals wath a famillar incident of their daily life. pretty litte girl is in the act of pouring out the noonday draught of buttermilk to the tired reapers of acorn field, and performs ber duty with ail the gravity and importance of an old housewife, This artist has also an interesting picture of Kuthrina Vac T: 1, who wilt be familiar to the readers ot Irving's “‘Sieepy Hollow,” It is paintoa in black and white, and is not unworthy of tho “Evangaline,” by tho same artist, which a low yours ago obtained merited popularity. Hl Colonel Charles Courtois, of Newark, has recently placed on exbibition in that city a Ii painting by Cropsey, painted in his best style in . The sub- Joct isa view from Orange Mountain, near the real- dence of General McClellan. REMARKARLE PICTURE SALE, A gallery of bistorical portraits of rather unusual | interest, belonging tothe late Mr. Robert Vernon, whose naino is so well Known as the I:beral donor ot the many modern pictures in the National Gallery, was lately sold in London by Messrs. Christie, Manson & Woods, There were, besides twenty miniatures of various his- torical personages, about one hundred portraits, most Of which wore life size, The most interesting of these wore:—A Portrait of John Riley, by himself, He was a contemporary of Lely and Kneiler, who painted Charles 11, aua with such success «| tne King, looking at the portrait, exclaimed, ‘Is this like me? Udd’s fish ? then Lam an ugly fellow!" This capital portrait, how- | ever, attracied little notice, and sold tur £17 17s. only. Van Dyck, Tho Duke of Richmond with His Dog, whole Jength in crayons, a study tor the well known picture, £15 48. 60. Janet, Gaston de Foix, in black cap with feathers, crimson vest and green cloak, £2: Sir G. Koclier, Saran, Duchess of Marivorough, blue and white drapery, £50 8s. C. Junsens, Heury Jere myn, Earl of St Alban’s, im rich striped dress with Jace collar, £42, Vau Dyck, Portrait of John Rockose, in black dress and ruff, very boldly touched, £86 2s, ; King Charles L, in armor, leaning ov his helmet and holdmg a baton, £18 18%; Queen Henrietta Maria, Ip a green dress, seated at a table, £49 65, Sir P. Lely, Catharine of Braganza, wife ot Charles 1, £70 7s.: Lord Grandison, in crimsou dress and scart with lace collar und sleeves, £105; the Duchess d’Aremberg, her child and contessor, £52 10a, Reubons, the Marquis Spinola, in rich armor, £106, Van Dyck, Sir Kenelm ligby, im armor, boiding a baton, bis loft band on a helmet, £09 loxP, do Champagoe, Loais XII. investing a knight with the Order of St. Exprit, £99 158, Zucchero, Rovert Dudley, Karlof Leicester, in rich crimson dress, with chain and badge of the Garter, £199 10s. Van Dyck, Count Tully, Commander of the Imperialists at the storming of Prague, in armor, with Order uf the Golden Fleece, £167 198. W. van de Velde, a sea piece, with men-ot- war and boats, £162 158, Ruysdoel, View in Amster- dam, with shipping and figures, £48 6s. Metz, In- terior, with w lady at a table, opening a window, £404 Os, =Watteau, Fete Champétre, composition of seven gures, £105, M, Hondekoeter, Water- fowl aod other birds ina landscupe, £199 108, Sny- ders, stag Hunt, £84; the Fox ana the Crane, £157 10s. ; Interior of a Larder, with dead game, &c., £8059. Jorduens, Portrait of 'a Burgomaster, 1n black dress and raf, £199 108. ; tho wite of samo bargoimaster, in s72 Lady Catherine Dougias, hawking, £072 13 Nasmyth, Carisbrook Castle, signed and date £556 108, J. P, de Loutnerbourg, R. A., View in Wales, with a castle on the banks of a’stream, a targe work, £131 64 FR. Lee, R. Avy Mill in) Devonshire, £120 Lbs, Stanield, KR. A., the Mouth of the jees, on and dated, £609, W. Collins, K. A, The Mari. ner’s Widow, extibtted at the Royal Academy 18s5, £320 68, Total, £7,005 12%, AMBULANCES FOR THE WAR. | Sound; but when the | | ploratton of the const of Green! New York, May 5, 1877. To tae Epiton or tar Herano:— | It you will pardon my intrusion on your valuablo | space I would suggest through your paper—now that | | the Eastern war cloud bas burst—the propriety of sitting ont an American ambulance corps tu proceed to war, Let the phisanthrophisis look | back with satisiaction to the duties performed and the | services rendered by similar organizations during Ui Franco-Pra war. How many medical men would | Ko Wore such @ povle work taken in bund by a com: | petent organizer? Ver, Ye would be glad to form oue of the humber. There are plouty of | medical practitioners capabie of rendering valuable | tervices to the falen Mascovie of Turk. ‘Ibere would be no Violation of the neatrality law in organizing such | amovement Ambulances are for the amelioration of the Woes consequent on the declaration of war. Humanity cries in the dista: sbould not turn a deat ear, Let the matter b “i and Tam sure a movement will ton jootand | suceess will avtend it, Should eny person wish to | confer with me on the subject a note addressed ae un- Well may we now anxiously ask if the men who now Tule this land dare cut the cords that bindua Have | dersigned to station D. city, will bave my prompt ate | tention, bLDICLS, POLAR EXPLORATION. Lieutenant Julius Payer’s Views on the’ English North Pole Expedition, WHY THE EXPEDITION FAILED. Has the Limit of the Attainable Been Already Reached ? HINTS FOR FUTURE EXPEDITIONS, ————_-_———. We present below o translation of the frst of two highly interesting communications sent us from Franklort-on-the-Main by the famous commander of tho Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition, Lieuten- ant Julius Payer THK ENGLISH NORTH POLE EXPEDITION OF 1875-1876. FRANKPORT-ON-THE-MaIN, April 1, 1877, To Tus Epitor or Tux AsRALD;— Any one who takes up the map of Baffio’s Bay must feol admiration at the rapidity with which its northern terminus: ¢, the distance from the 78th to the 83a degree north latitude—was discovered, Five groat expeditions tothe North Pole havo been engaged in this gigantic task, To the reader who is familar with Polar literature ullthe names which bo sees on that map will be monuments ot praiseworthy endurance and heroically borne sufferings, We will only recall Inglefeld; Kane's two years’ sojourn in Rensselaer Harbor, abounding in trying ordeals, and bis desperate rotreat; Hayes’ heroic achievemont in accomplishing the passage through Smith Sound and the tragic end of Hall. Great as were the obstructions which the three last mentioned expeditious had to overcome, and bitter as were the disappointments which followed in their wake, those who returped undoubtedly supposed with ever increasing confidence that they bad really passed the limit of al! difficulties on the way tothe l’oie and bad been in the immediate vicinity of a navigable Polar ea, The comparative success of tho American expedi- tions through Smith Sound Jed experienced men to believe that this path, however narrow, was the most practicable for reaching the Pole, England becamo the representative of thig idea, and a new expedition on a grand scalo was planned, 1t was hoped to reuch, if not the Pole, at jeast u latitude considerably highor that tbat attained by Eall (82 dog. 16 min.) by the changing water chanvels found even amid the pack ice, and then to accomplish the remainder of the journey by sledges, WHY THK EXPEDITION FAILED. ‘This plan presupposed the existence of a northerly coast, us ships can only proceed for any extended dis- tance in the coast waters, and even the progress of sledges 18 dependent upon the stretch of solid and even ico to be found along the coast, These conditions were realized ia Smith Sound as tar as latitude 83 deg, north and beyond. The American expedition had sus- pected the existence of land beyond latitude 84 deg, north (President’s Land). Tho British Admiralty’s instructions warned the expedition against the useless- ness of trying to force a passage throug the pack ice with a heavy equipment, There is no doubt thas it was supposed ecithor Grant Land or Greenland ex- tended for a considerable distance in a meridianal direction, Theso conditions of the undertaking wrought its failure. Should the expedition reach latitude 86 deg. or 87 deg. north in sbips along tho coast and find uo land beyond, then tho sledges could not reach the Polo, ‘These difliculttes were probably foreseen, and the ex. pedition regarded the reaching of the Pole only as an ideal goal. 4 GOOD nEGiNsING. The plan was carried out with great energy and en- tira sacrifice to the object in view. Captain Nares, who was ulroady familiar with the Polar world, was in- trusted with the command of the expedition and roe. called by telegraph from Yokohama. The selection of tho officers and crew and the equipment of the Alert and Discovery were evidences of unprecedented care, For instanoo, the Austrian expedition only touk eight dogs for its sledge Journey, while tho Knghab enpped more than one hundred from Greenland. Besides, everything was done to secure the expedition against disaster, and tho Discovery was left to winterin a more southerly latitude, that she might serve the explorers on the Alert as a safo harbor of retroat, The enterprise seemed to moet with great good for- tuno, Baffin’s Bay and the northern channels, whoso tce masses had go often proved fatal to ships, wero passed without meeting ice. Compared with the ex- pertonces of Kano and Hayes in this respect the ex- pedition was exceptionally fortunate, The battles with the ice did oot begin until 79 deg.north latitude, and they were safely won, so that the main ship, the Alert, was able to proceed miles through the ice, The Dis- covery remained furvher soutu, in 81 deg. 44 min. north latitude, i As far as the Innd extended to the north the Alert had found an open passage (though it was attended with many difficulties) along the west coast of Smith d's limit was apparently reached, at 823g deg, the impossibility of procueaing further north became manitess land was visinle to the North—nothing but @ ciosed mass of pack ioc, PASMING AN ARCTIC WINTER, Under the protection of great stranded masses of 1ce, | Tight under the northeast corner of the Grant coast, tho Alert wintered, Despite the high latitude and’ the severity of the climate—I42 days without sunlight— both ships passed the winter satisfactorily, though they were unabie, in consequence of the breaking up of the coust ice, to open communication with each other, The winter Was a severer one than had ever been known betore, both in temperature and in length. For « whole month the quicksilver on board the Alert remained frozen—a sign that there was no open water beyond, he great stillness of tho atmosphere also pointed to this, As is usuaily the case in Arctic waters, but little suow fell, a new coniirmation of the theory that the region of mighty winterly snowilalls hes further so A GREAT DISAPPOINTHENT, The baraships of the Polar winter were rendered more poignant by the depressing eflect of a groat dis- appoimtment—vamely, the failure w tod & northerly extending Cast, This circumstance made it tinpossl- bie tor sledges to reach even the vicinity of the goal in the spring of 1876, ft successiully bailled the slodges as tt had formerly baflied the ships. Markham, the leader of the grout siodge journey to the north, had already reconnoitred the ground tn the fall of 187 Me found that he coult toilow the land only for a short distance, and would then have to leave himself to the mercies of the mountain-high pack ice, This result must Lave convinced him that the task of tho expe- dition was a bo} sone from tue start, Markby: spring journey venty-two days, On the 1 of May ho removed 8% deg. 20 min. north latitude. Hence he surpassed both Parry and Hall and ali bis predecessors. The long duration of this journey, the use of proserved {ood jor so great a period aud the ter- rible hardships bis men had suflered account for their complete exhaustion upon their revurn, Uuder far more auspicious circumstances Lieutenant Aldrich accomplished bis siedge jour: which pro- ceeded along the north coast of Grant Land ina erly direction. Tt distance accomplished by hin waa tour times than that made by Markham. Here also the bardships were very great. uuily successtul in point of geo- graphical discoveries was Buaumout's sledge journey iron the Discovery to the northeast for the ex- His men safferod tachments, Beau. and bence he hea eater even more than did the other t mont had to cross several great bu. to leave the vicinity of th with the ehoos of the remote winds bad pressed to; A SUCCESSFUL RETREAT. In view of these conditions of the ico and the use. lessness of further sacrifices it was natural that Captain Naros, alter the revurp of all the sledge ex- pedivions, started on the homeward journey. Already on July 31 the Alort was able to siart—an unusually fortuuate-circamstance considering the bigh I ju which she had wintered, The Discovery ron fomewhat longer ice-bound, but after eflecting a june- tion they started for Engiand, This twotold passage | a# OWing to Luis direction that the | through the narrow Smith sound channel 1s one of the | most brilliant achievemonts im the domain of Polur travel, Nares boin times proseeded along the westera coast, here conquering difficulties ond there wgain patiently waiting for better conditions of the ice, of which ho would instavtly avail himself Admirably as Nares conductod his retreat the favorable summer 01 1875 undoubtedly facilitated Lis escape. SHIPS OR SLROGES? Nares’ successtul navigation of the Arctic Sea has Again started tho discuseion whether ships or siedges aro preteruble for reaching tue Vole, The truth is that they are both necessary. They should aid each other even in cases when Arctic discoveries can ouly be made by means ol sledges, ‘The one without the other jy either entirely useless or of lithe account Had Nares, tor instance, failed to send out his sledge ox- ons tho MOsL recent | still wanting, and ail be coud have done was to have contirmed the discoveries of Hail, Had Hall been in the position to undertake siedgo expeditions tho Eogilsh could have mado no discoveries, 877.-TRIPLE SHEET. the Tegothof dno sledges aathing would now bo known of the existence of Francis Josep: could have made no discoveries at all ou the coast of Eastern Greepiand without sending sledges to the North, and tue same may be said of Kane’s as well as of Hayes’ expeuttion, Of course, all the discoveries by means ot sledges were based on their transportation to the boundary of the known and unknown, as otherwis2 po discoveries could have been made. This boundary of the unknown, however, lies ¢ thin the ice that it Is the utmost a sbip can do to reuch it hort seasou of the year in which progress 1s From that poiut when the ship remains shut in by the ice fora jong periud only the sledges can be used for beginning or tor complete discoveries. THK MIGHEST POINT REACHKD, Though Captain Nares did not reach the Pole, he went further than any of bis predecessors, Aud it should got be forgotten that bis task was from the start @ more diflicult one than theirs. Had ho accomplished only as much as, for instance, the Polaris, Eugiand would ha regarded his expedition as a failure, Mors ail scien. ‘ile observations which the circumstances pr scribed or permitted were made on board. The meteorological and maguctic observations were part of these, aud it 13 morely to bo rogretted that they were confined to one year only. All these and other scien- tide labors are connected with immense dilticulties in the remote north, and the results are never so groat us they are im the tropics. ‘The geologist alone, particu- lariy 11 be takes part in sledge journeys, works with ease and success, To this circumstance we owe a sulll- cient knowledge of the mountainous formations of that rogion, As tar as J could learn the Grant coast would Seom to present some of the features of Emperor Willam’s Land, The botanical resuits between the S2d and 83d deg norty latitude were greater than Was lo have been expected, aud they surpass the spec! mens of Vegetation whieh wo saw ip Francis Joseph's Land. Ln spite of their comparative freedom from snow these lands close to Koveson Channel must tine press one as rocky fastnesses when compared with Spiizbergen or Eastern Greepiand, In zoological re- Spects, however, the absence of ie walrus ix ol inter- est Kane aod Hayes tound them turtber south in great numbers, The Robeson Channel seems to be shallow evougt for them, and their absence is proba- bly owing to their want of ‘proper food, SLOW PROURESS OF POLAK RXPLORATION. In bis first telegram the commander of the expe- dition expressea bis view to the impossibility of reacuing the Pole. This 16 4 matter of personal opi jon, At first blush it would seem as if we were steadily pro,ressing toward the ole by ship, But this great modern progress boyond the latitudes 73. deg., 15 deg.,.79 deg, and even 82 deg, north was in- directly a result of the efforts of three centuries. To reach fatitades 83 deg. wo 93 deg. north need by no means take equally long. Alter ail, the results of Polar exploration havo not increased in the same ratio as the comforts aud con- veniences of Povar travel, Already Hudson, Baflin, especially Scoresby, reached latitudes m the century which’ have seldom been ex- ded since, Often these successes Were not owing to boldness of endurance, but to good luck and w the caprices of the ice, which would now open itsoll to tho whalemen aod then again present an impassable barrier to the explorer. Since ‘ft, Ross we have only Sent one OF two good strong ships, instead of splitting up our torce by sending out litle fleets, aud by our well educated physiciuns and proper nourishment wo keep aluot that Damucios sword, the scurvy, These unprovements, which render autumn and sprin slouge journoys possible, explain our modern prog- ross. “THK LIMIT OF THE ATTAINABLE,"? But at certain points we have ovary reached, do- spite our advantage of steam power, the limit of the ubtainable, and even extraordinury successes like thoze of Hall avd Nares ouly teach us the possibility of going but little beyond, and then only unuer the most favorable conditions. (astern Greeniand 18 regarded ag impenetrable beyond latitude 7344-75 deg. north, Thi rt extension of the coast and strong counter curre with the pack ice, prevented the second German North Pole expedition irom penetrat- tog further norto, North of Spitzbergen and along Bohring's Strait about titty expeditions and countless whalemen received a peremptory non pilus ultra from the toe, Everywhere the short soason duriug which any progress could bo made has been recognizea a3 the greatest impediment. Smith Sound—generally regarded as the most avail- able passage to the Pole—oflers nv bope iu the end, as it Jouds into a remote region ut pack ice. “POLE IMPRACTICABLE” EXPLAINED, Even though this region of pack ice does not remain fixed any more than apy other portion of the Arctic ‘Sea, 18 temporary breaking up improves our chunces of reaching the Pole in theory only aad not in practien, ‘The ir 1875 was very favorable for the navigation of Smith Sound, and yet Nares’ expedition was surprised by the solid, extended pack ice north of Graut Land Even if the ice in Lincoln Seca and the nuvigupility of Smith Sound should occur simuitanceusly there would ‘still be no certainty of reaching the Pole, for oven the ogress to $2 dog. or 83 doy. north latitude ex- aust tho available timo and requires tne st favorable conditions. A ship ‘reaching 2 de; in the bdeginoing of autumn coulu not risk going any turther, while ope which penetrated tbrough tho ice-fi!lod but perhaps still partially navigable Lincoln Sea would have to winter in 83 deg., or, perhaps, even in 84 dog. But sbould these *xceptionally favorable conditions recur in tho following year, would they permit the ship to proceed turther north or to return? And would @ recurrence of such exceptionaily favorablo Circumstances take place in two, three or four years, of, perhaps, no again in twenty, thirty or forty’ It Js the answer to this query which devidos whother tho Pole 18 attamable ‘Tuis is probably what Captain Nures’ telegram, ‘Polo impractical,” really meant Though it muy not be altogether impossible to reuch the Pole, yor it would be advisable to separate ail ol- forts tor reaching it [rom the general task of Atcuc exploration unul Wo aro able to send air ships Inetead of impotent steamers. SCIBNTIFIC EXPLORATION URGED, Tho exploration of Greouland, Gils Land, Wrangel Land and Fraucis Joseph ud would, then, tuke the place of the real North Xpeditions, ‘The xco- graphical exploration shoulu, however, yield pro dence to the uatural historical ior tho precent, at least. Lieutenant Weyprecht laid great stress upon this point, und suggested that the leading civilized nations com: bine tor undertaking simultauvous expeditions to in- vestigate magnetism, electricity and meteorology in the Polar regions, He thinks that these expeuiuons should be distributed through various parts of tue Arctic regions and make simultaneous observations with the same instruments, Upon the return of the English th Pole expedition it became evident that the phantom of an open Polar sea still bas many auvo- | caios, and It Was regarded as One Of the achievements | of that expeuition that it furnished new grounds tor discrediting i. Lt had been found impossivle to rove the existence or non-extsteuce of an open Polar goa by direct discovery. Though this chimera ts disproved by scientitic reasons and by the experi. ence, vot only of Nares, but also of Madson and Butlin, it still has its avherents, because they place It where no ono ever Was—nearer the Pole. ANDIAL NEAR THE VOLE, Captain Nares’ expedition observed an excecdingly sporadic appearance ofanimal life 1a the extreme north, an observation siiuilar to that made further south by Kano, Hayes and Hall along tho Smith Sound route. ‘This shows, iu general, the strong coutrast between the western and eastern coasts, Kane and Nares found but little avimal live in their wintering places, while Hayes, Stephenson and Hall found comparatively « good deal. Considering the high northeru latitude the Discovery certainly seems to have wintered in a sort of paradise, Nevertheless, even Grant Land is richer in land animais thon Francis Josepb’s Land, where—with the exception of toxes and barcs-none were seon. The ice bears, which wero met in great numbers, were found hero im their very Lome. The absence of all animal lite around the Alert is explained by the dense northerly pack ice, which denied the birds, seaix and bears thoir very tirst condition of lite, Thy expedition saw no land to the north, and denies the existence of Mali’s President Land, The dense banks of the hori- zou ollen assume the Character of remote clills, Pers baps such an experience muy bave deceived the Americans. At the same time toe mist banks, which e frequently met with. in the Polar ri , veul the Jand trom sigbt. Perhaps this was the in Beau- munt’s Greenland sledge journey, aud perhaps Green- land does, alter all, extend beyond Cape Brittauta | further to the north. THICKNESS OF THK 108. The experience of Marry, Nordenskjéld and of the Anstro-Hungarian expedition—thut extended trips im bonts oF sledges over the puck ice are inpracticable— wus shared by Nurov, The crew of the Tegetiol could not huve been saved pon the homeward but yugh which a passage was nglish expedition met the ice im all the greater force (he further north it peactrated, aud At last it got mte a region ut pack leo whose caxcs were said to be from 40 to 120 feet thick. This statement bas not ouly made @ sensation, but led to erroncous interpretations, Nores did not say that all the ico wus of (bis thickuess; te places the mint mum thickness, from ‘the — observatie nade in bis Winter” shelter, wt oniy mx fect This Acrecs with the general observati Arctic Sea, uccording to which the aver: Of the direct ice formation 6 wbout seven oF eight tvet Iv is no new discovery, and, on the contrary, one that was made alreauy in the beginning of the present een- tury, that there is alimit 1o the thickness of the ice Which is Hot exceeded in avy sea T. Noss found the direct ice tormation ib the Boothia Gull ten feet thick Parry, on Melville Island, seveo and a hall fe gel, 1b the Siberian Arctic Sea, nine fect, way, in Kustoro Grecolaud, six and a halt as regards the Suith Sound route we have older ob. servations ut bund. So keou observer as Hayes Places the thickucss of the ico formation in Vort Foulke at nine (eet two inches That in smith Sound, however, he places higher, but limite it still by Baying “I have vover even an ive eld lormed by’ direct freezing which exceeded a depth of ehteen feet’? THE LIMITS OF ICR FORMATIONS. The reasons why the thickness of the tee cannot grow indetinitely are very simple, The jutensity of the ico 14 in a converse ratio to the thickness of th cake, and it ceases outirely a8 soon AB 118 thicknes: mnakes it Aimost a von-conductor of the ait tempera vure and as Foon as the increasing snow covering bars the penetration of the cold. It such ice forma- tons, alter they have reached thetr maximam height, were’ not Impeded, then wo should find in all tho diflerent portions of the Arctic Sea ice of pretty much the same strength, This, however, is not the case. While the spontaneous tea formation is of bat itis strength, We flud in ihe different portions of the Arctic Kea ice fleids of far greater wnickn ‘They consist of different iayers of ice forma: tions whieh have been driven on top of cdot other by sheer pressure, Such ie ix desigonted old, oF, What is better, heavy ico (sehweres eis), Hence the heavy ice ia more especially tound on such coasts | as obstruct by their peculiar configuration the current of the fee, and thus produce the crush alluded to, On the * of Lincoin Sea this was particularly the case, aod bence ice was there found trom 50 to 12 feet deep, These figures u biedly represent uh maximam of the agglomerations of the ico cakes brought about by pressure either under or above the water, Similar results wore observed in other portions of the Arctic Sea, and hence this statement Is not a now one, The ice over which Hayos in 1800 accom EERE OORE Een eas TA ERO RO aR ON oe Re RR Te RR Ce Ree wn ee ee plished bis incomparable march over Smith Sound Was crushed together mountain bigh by the process above indicated The ice which we met on tue second German North Poio expedition on the eastern coast of Greenland (in 1569-70) towered from 40 to 8@ feet above the level of the sea, Its total thickness, therefore, could not have been less than that of Lig- coln Sea South of Francis Joseph's Laad, in a poruom Of the Arctic Sea that is regarded us specially tavorae bie despite the tule of the Tegetholl, the Ausiro-Huu. oe expedition of 1872-74 met cakes towering trom Wo 50 feet above the level of the sea in consequence of such pressure, And these are maximum figures, for the average thickness of ice fields is generally much smaller even in cases of beavy pressure, FLORYEROS, The heavy ice which Nares observed was nothing strange then, The English expedition, however, has given us a Dew Dame for an ice formation—foeberg—a form which it is dificult to approve. At Grst | thought this was one of those mountain-high cakes, of small surface and great height, which, formed by being crusbed togettier, appear ag a chaotic accumulation of ice fragments (7rammern). { bave seen in the London i News a number of drawings of ice forma- furnished by a member of Nares’ expedition. ve never seen drawings of any description of Polur ice that were more true to uature, There was amoug them a real model representation of aa ices berg, split into two parts; aud underneaia this I read to my surprise ihe word “iloebverg.”? Though the floebergs: oh tbe expedition saw uorth of Cape Umon were ice formations of Lois description they were no mountainous accumulations of cakes, pub ply icebergs. The icebergs, 48 @ rule, are not uearly So Steep OF so full of cliffs ab 18 generally supposed, Ou the coutrary, they are mostly of insignificant appears ance, and would olten tower but little above the class of hully cakes, Their characteristic feature 1 not ale ways eXsraordinary Leight (icevergs from thirty to lilty feet above "he water are the most common) but their simple contour, and they are equally distinguished by culof aud by the ice strata, When such icebergs ure of inconsiderable beignt and insignificant form avd some- what covered with snow 1618 often difficult 10 distin- guish them trom floebergs, The expedition saw north of Cape Union only a few small icebergs—branches of simul glaciers, as was shown by the neighboring coasts, tion. SCURVY IN THR ENGLISH RXPEDITION, The expedition suflered from scurvy, though every meaus tv prevent It bad been employed. The renewed appearance on the English expediiion of this evil of Polar explorations which was supposed to have been conquered will perbaps be hardly compares with tha betier results achievea by the leaders of the Ger. munta and the Togethotf, Bat the crew of the Germa. not only avundantly supplicd with provisions ery description (among them 2,000 votties of wine and ton kilderkin of lime juice), but they had also such Success in huuting that they were scarcely ever with- Out iresh meat, in spite of the scant accommodations Jor so large a number of people aud the moisture of the Living Fooms no symptoms of scurvy wauitested tuem- selves The Togethof, however, was not spared by the scurvy, which broke ‘out even during the first year. In consequence of the insuf- ficient consumption of fresh meat the men were greutly weakened in weir po of resisting tho scurvy, and tu this condition they started upon their sledge journeys. These lasted mouths, and duriug Uhis period the English seamen were a prey to the destructive iniluences which facilitate the breaking out Of (his disease—naimely, total want of fresh meat, tu. suthcient food, thirst, extreme bodily exertion, too litule sleep, mental depression taduced by disappointed hopes, at lirst bitter cold, then uninterrupted wet, tho wearing out of foot apparel, &c. Under these circum- stances it was no wonder that nearly all who went on these sledge journeys suffered trom scurvy and that some died. The travellers evidently lived principally on pemmican, which, thoagh very fat, 18 not bad. ‘Too much Of it produces indigestion, diarrooa and thirst, FUTURK EXPEDITIONS. A review of the Inst Polar expedition forces upon us irresistibly tbe question whether such enterprises ought to be reuewed in the tuture. An absolute ces- sation of North Pole and Poiur expeditions, with ov- Joots of a more or jess geograpaical nature, is not to ‘ve expected, although it 18 greatly to be desired that future expeditious suould, urst of all, devote them- sulves to the scientific problems I have indicated. The expeditions will bave to sullll the irresistible desire of miunkind to Know the condition of tho farthest North. ltreems tbat America will tn @ short time send out an oxpedition which will materially difler from its predecessors, and pursuc a route in which she bas already won great ro. sulla, The preparations for this expedition will undoubtedly renew the discussion as to the best path to the unknown Polar region, Just as the popular tavor always returned from the norivwestern to the north- eastern passage, aud Vice versa, ax soon ag the last alttompt made bad tailed, A European expedition would probavly adopt Petermann’s suggestion to pene- trate west or east of Spitzvergen and to pursue the routes taken by the Greenland, the Germania, tho Isbjorn and the Tegethof. The Spitzbergen routes nck the advantages of the coast water, but the snip which pursues oue of these paths may perhaps meet with the fate and results of tho Tegetnof, JULIUS PAYER, THE TEMPERANCE WAR. IMPENDING ASSAULT UPON THE BOARD OF Ate DERMEN BY A COMMITTEE OF LADIES—Hor SHOT FROM A REFORMED “KNIGHT OF THE KEG. The usual Sunday meeting of the American Temper- ance Union, at Cooper Jnstiiute, took place yesterday afternoon im presence of a large audience, the Presi- dent, Walter Logan, in the chair, The proceedings wero marked by two distinctive features outside the ordiaary course—namely, the passage of a series of resolutions in regard to the course of the Board of Al- derinen on the decision of the Court of Appeals on tue Excise law, and an address from an original Knight o: the Keg, or, as advertised, ‘‘a converted rumseiler.’' The Chair avuounced that a contereuce bad been neté with several clergymen anda crusade organized against the common enemy, It was also stated that the Kev. Dr. Fulton, of Brooklyn, would shortly address the union in reply to Chancellor Howard Crosby and bis wine theories. Mrs. Jennie K. Parks claimed that women were great auxiliaries in the causo of temperance, and yet, sho said, men would turn them aside as possessing little influence, Such men forgot that the first ageres- sive act in the history of creation was committed by a woman; aud however wrong that act may have been sho bax been made to suffer long years of misery by way of expiation through the diabolical agencies of tne demon rum. She beheved that if President Hayes should issue # proclamation abolishing the rum trafic (as she believed bo was willing to do) it would be bailed with as much Joy throughout the land ax was the proclama tion of Lincoln abolishing slavery. AVTRK THM CLEY FATHERS, Tho following resolutions Were then presented by air, Cady and unanimously adopted :— this city have t many lepending exclusively upon to shut up alte; 4 ise moueys for their su whorens they have law whi theretore ve it tien Kesolved, That we, the American Temperance this audivnee wssembled, roby declare aga ‘ moral snd sacrilegious practice of trying to sustain bene cent institutions through the w ney secured by ths ment ot i lie ‘brohibitory law, entire aud complece, that wilt tho manutweture, importation and sale of all ab rin Ki d. That a copy of these resolutions be prosentec by n committon of Indies, appointed by the President of this ety, to the Board of A.dermen of this city, ax au expres: sion of the sentiments and policy of this tinion wud this meeting. ‘The Chair appointed Mra Jennie E, Parks, Mrs, J. B. Conklin and Mra. Dickinson (treasurer of tho American Temporauce Union) ax such committee. THE CONVERTED LIQUOK SKLLER TAKKS THK ST. Thomas N. Douaty, who is placarded the con. Vorted rom seller, was introduced. Hv has a sonorous voice, With powers of mimicry that render his relation ol character anecaotes quite amusing. Ho has been four years engaged in the temperance cause, has spoken in Steimway Hall, im the Charch of the Disciples and in other churches in this city, and has been engaged in this work in tho northwestern part of this State and in the West. Ho said that in the town of Watertown, in this state, from a little society composed at tirst of only thirteen members there is now @ temperance organization numbering over twelve hundred, 1+ was so in other parts of the State aud in the West, The temperance firo was raging grandly. There was no reason why It should not bo so here in New York. All that was neces: sary was for temperance men, the reformed men, to work. The good Horace Greeley once said the way to “resume was to resume."’ He would say the way to hep the temperance cause was to work. Go down among the siams in Water street, in Greene street and elsowhere and work right on the spot where the evil exixte, He related his experience as an ineb in this city, when at timex ho wandered tho streots shirtless and stocking lamisbed with hunger, pinehed by the cold through bis scanty raiment, He suid be bud the delirium tremens tour times; that bo once kept a drinking saloon in Bleecker street, but was forced to abaudon it by process of law. He knew all the free luoch places by rote, and described the mode which some poor wretches resort to to obtain a dram atter their monoy 1s exhausted. Some of his ance. dotes kept th dienco in aroar of laughter, yet the pictures were all sad on: A METROL\ Mr. Robert Ellis, who, twonty years ago, was lost in tho streets of New York and cared for by the Commis: sioners of Charities and Correction, has at last found & lady whom he fg satisfied 18 his mother, The Hrxane some time since publixhed his history and stated that ho was in the city scarching for bis parents, Mr. Bilis stepped into the Brooklyn Police Headquarters on Sat- N- ROMAN urday and informed Chief Campbell that be believed be hid found his mother. The long lost son sald that Mrs. ©, KE, Shelley, a widow lady, residing at No uta Seventh street, Williamsburg, had read his history and, feeling confident that he was her cbild who ww lost twenty yours aco mn New York, at ouce address him aletier. Ho called on Mrs, Shelley, and alt long interview both wero convinced of their relative suin,