The New York Herald Newspaper, April 1, 1877, Page 7

. = —S Wa THR TELEPHONE py i Latest Wonder in the Art of Telegraphy. TELEPHONE REHEARSAL LAS? NIGHT. Melodies from Philadelphia Heard in Steinway Hall. MAGNETIZATION AND ITS EFFECTS. ““Distance Lends Enchant- ment to the” Ear. HOW IT IS DONE. Explanation of the Electric Organ and the : Receiving Apparatus. | THE TALKING -TELEPHONE. ‘The possibilities of the electric telegraph have never deen moro strikingly illustrated than in its latest Adaptation to the transmission of musical sounds and the tones of the human voice. The wonders of the telephone eclipse any that have hitherto marked the Progress of tne science of electricity, ana when ro- “duced by the skill and perseverance of inventors to She level of common use like the ordinary telegraph, will prove one of tho*most important and useful im- provements in the art of telegraphy. Communica- tions between distant points will be no longer lable to the misinterpretations inseparable from the sig- nal system, and instead of being transcribed and forwarded as writton matter, will be tome conversations between indiyduals perhaps thousands of miles apart, in which the voices of Irlonds will be recognized, and even the sigh of grief orthe laughter of joy will be heard as distinctly as if those communicating with each other sat in the same Apartment, By means of apparatus operated by elec- tricity ana the ordinary telegraph wire it is possible to transmit a fac-simile of writing and of the outline ‘Ot a picture, This success was deemed the fulfiiment oft the ultimate expectations of electricians regarding he use of the telegraph for tho reproduction of pre- 180 motions and their effects, But now an en- rely new field for invention and application is opened up by the discdvery that sound, tone, music, the utterances of the human organs of speech, the Joudest reports and tho faintest tinklings can be repro- | duced at a distance of many hundreds of miles. souND. Sound ts the final effect produced on the ear by a vibration or impulse transmitted through any elastic , Mediam, aerial, liquid or solid. When a sudden biow is delivered to the air, as when a cannon is fired or an Blectric spark is made to pags, the impulse is propa- pated through the air and ultimately reaches the ear as , Snowe. The energy of the shock of propagation do- termines the loudness of the noise resulting. Thiscan be simply illustrated by asking the reader to consider . the effect of dropping a pebble into tho centre . of a large pond of still water, Where the ‘pebble strikes the suriaco a shock is ad- Ministered, and tne surrounding water is @isturbed in equilibrium. Immediately a circular ‘wave is developed which extends more or less rapidly + from the point of its generation and continues to prop- agate itself, as it wero, until it meots with some ob- . @Mraction, say the margin of the pond. Now, ia like , Manner a wave is propagated in a volume of air, and 4s tranemitted fom particle to particle of the atmos- phere until it meets with some obstruction, as ic the taue of the water wave. When it mnects with a resist- Ing surface it is deflected, and the shock of deflection Propagates another or return wave, which the ear ep- Prociates in the phenomenon of echo, But in apply- ing the foregoing illustration 1t must be remembered that & noise is the result of one impulse—the impact ot one layer of air against that one next outside = it, lt has no wave length, To Produce a wave of sound as distinct from a noise it is necessary that the impulse which Produces the latter, bo repeated, periodically; that is, certain number of times por second, say 100, then it is clear that the particle of air first affected will be also affected by an impulse every one-hundredth part of a second, or will vivrate 100 times per second. As the original impulse is propagated atthe rate of 1,100 feet per second, each succeeding impulse or vibration forlows the preceding one at the distance of eleven Jeet, which is the length of the waves of sound when the vibrations oceur at 100 per second, ‘This sequence vf vibrations of the air produces a tone as distinct trom a noise, “The structure of the ear is especially adapted tor the reception of impressions produced by sound. A thin membrane, called the tympanum, is siraiped across the passage of the ear, divid- ing the organ into outer and inner por- tions. This membrane vibrates with the werial impulso or sound wave, and transfers it through the three minuto bones of the inner structure to the labyrinth or convoluted passage whence it 18 re- ceived by the brain through the auditory nerve, This delicate apparatus 1s capable of distinguisbing or rather analyzing composite sounds, musical tones, noises, &c. The Wave length being a physical fact independent of the ear, but dependent on the number of impulses or ‘vibrations caused in the medium of transmission, the greater the number of these the higher will be the pitch of the tone transmitted to the car, and the slower the vibrations the lower or graver will be the tone. VIBRATIONS 1N SOUNDING RopLES, When a string is stretched and vibrated by striking or pulling the vibrations produced in it are dependent on its nature, tension and thickness, and these vibra- tions give rise toa musical note if their number per second 13 sufficient to produce that’ eifect. Tho range of vibration per second for musical sounds is between | forty and 40,000; that is if the number falls vciow forty per second the sound or note 1s 80 grave ay to become a noise or a sories of noises or beats, If the aumvor excveds 40,000 the car cannot appreciate tho nose, which 18 of the highost pitch. The actual range ip music rarely passes above 6,000 vibrations per sec- ond, but sometimes in organ pipes lalls below forty, To return to the subject of vibrations in strings, the following properties of these have been deduced by ex- periment:—- 1, When the strain is constant the number of vibra tions per second varies inversely as the lergth of the string. 2 The number of vibrations varies inversely asthe radius of the string. 3, The number also varies directly as the square root of the strain, . 4, The number finally varics inversely as the square Poot of the density of the string. The foregoing information will be found useful, ine deed necessary, to tho reader in comprehending the Operation and effects of the telephone. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELKCXRICITY, As electricity is the potent agent cimployed in the Operation of the sound telegraph, or telephone, 1 18 also necessary to understand something of its nature when studying that romarkable instrument, For tue suko of simplicity of description and to convey an jutelligible idea of the mobility and sensitiveness of this subtle force it is usually called a fluid, although tt | is uot such iu the strict meaning of the term, It} flows, however, alung conducting media ax fluids follow chanuels, but is unintnenved by the force of gravita- on. Perhaps this property will vo better understood when it Is stated (hat electricity always secks to escape from tts condition as a force to one of latency in nae ture, which 13 Its normal condition. Klectricity per- ades everything-—tho earth, the air, the water, and all osuings thereon and therein, Matter is, therefore, a Mural reservoir of electricity, whence it can be drawn by & process ol doveloprent and employed for varivus Purposes while it is returning to its original coudition, To wake a simple comparison in this regard itis oniy | Recensary to poiut out the process by which water is | made to ner¥e as a troebuaical moter When raised toa | NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, APRIL 1, 1877—QUINTUPLE SHEET. high lovel for that purpose. The raising of the water | is an experditare of power which produces no effecton the work proposed to be performed, but it gives the water # power which is knowu in mechanics as the energy of position—that is, its position when raised represents a force that may be employed for the pur- pose to be served. Just in the same way the develop- ment of electricity from its condition of latency into one of dyuamic force couverts 1s from a passive to an and employable force, and yives it an energy of condition which can be usod in its liberation as is de- sconding Water asa motor, There are various ways of Drbeatse 3 electricity, Heat, triection and chemical decom; ition are, however, the most frequently em- ployed,’ represent the chi odes of development, THK POSTIVE AND XEGATIVE FLUIDS, In ita latent condition electricity is of one kind, but when developed by any of tho means above referred 10 decom) imto positive and negative conditions | it poses which are mutually repellant at the point or place of development, but e seeking recomposition away or outside of it. The pro; jes of electricity when 20 decom| still form the subject of the closest invos- Ugationd, but enough 1s kaown regarding them to ad- mit of their empivyinent as agents for tho uppiication ‘of the subtle fluid for many purposes. Without entering into a philosophical discussion of these which would be wadmissthle within the limited space devoted to this article, a mention of somo of the most important is necessary for a proper understanding of tho subject treated of ‘ LINE OF THE ELECTRODE. POSITIVE Positive Current. POLE. Bag *| $ 223 Place of recome CATTERY. @ gs< position oF union 5 EE Othe two cur a ¥ Es rents. ge? NEGATIVE ° POLE. Negotive Current. LINE OR ELECTRODE. Ag soon as electricity 1s developed on a body suited tor the purpose, say a glass rod, its surtace becontes covered with the electric turd, the positive occupying | one end and the negative the otver, Tne middle of the rod becomes a neutral line between the two fluids, But not only does the positive and negative electricity take opposite ends, being, as stated, mutually repeliat; they also seek the extremities and uccumulate in greater quantities than nearer the neutral line. Th is caused, curiously enougn, by two distinct and directly opposite kinds of «ffort—namely, that which sensraiee @ fluids and that by which thoy seek to reunite, LINE. “AMBLLYE WvD071 MAIN BATTERY. . EARTH, Now, if conductors or electrodes, as they are sci- entifically termed, are attached to the ends of the charged rod or battery, the ends of these wires will become, in turn, charged with electrtuity of opposite kinds; but if thease ends are brought together so as 10 touch, the positive fluid of the one unites at once with the negative fluid of the other, both recompusing into their original condition of tatent electricity again und inseparable, unless the process of dovelopment is again resorted to, It is ip this passage trom decomposition to recomposition that electricity becomes controilable and employable by science. THR QUANTITY AND TENSION OF KLKOTRICITY, Theso totally different properties of tho fluid, ‘The first is 10 accordance with the surtace area of tho body on which 1t Is developed—be it on glass piates, by friction, or on the metallic plates of the battery, where chemical action and heat produce it, Tho targer the surface atea exposed the larger the quantity of elec- tricity developed. But while the quantity may be great the tension may be feeble. By tension is meant the energy of the effort to escape {rom the body ‘on which the electricity has accumulated, Tension in- creases with the rapidity of development vy the ac- tivity, of the cauges that produce it. Thus rapid fric- tion will Both develop a large quantity of electricity on @ large glass plate, aud also increase the tension of the electricivy de Bey, while the. friction will “nol large quanti plate, the electric tension will be increased coxsider- ably. In hko manner by the regular batteries the nume ber of cups will give cicctrical quantity without pro- portionate tension vaiess the chemical action of the acids on the metals is stimulated to a high degree and a rapid combustion of the zinc takes place, CONDUCTORS AND NON-CONDUCTOKS, LINE, Loose ron coverplat:« Sending } Magnet | )> Rec'g Magnet Ss” encased in S soft iron box. SPEAKING TUBE, =) ear = ERY, — 1 EARTH. EARTH. Many substances, chicfly the metals, are what are termed good conductors of electricity; that 1, when attached to the battery or developer they conduct the positive aud negative fluids theretrom to the place of Tecomposition. Tho wires stretched {rom pole to pole of a telegraph line are elec rie fluid developed, Chicago, where it is liberated afver performing its work io moving the sounder of the telegraph instrument, But it will be noticed that these wires are suspended trom potes, It 1 also known that these poles, especially when wat, are also conductors, and that electricity will always seek the nearest point of escape from the wire to the earth. ‘The earth itself ts a perfect con- ductor, as it 18 @ great reservoir of latent electricity. Why docs not the fluid leave the wire at the first polo and escape? — Because it 1s attached to the pole by a non-conducting substance, | over Which it cavi:ot pass, and thereiore thes to the next and the next pole, where the wire is also msulated by 4 pon-cunductor. So the fluid must go to where the electrician has designed to set it free again after its work 1s done. Now, glass, resin, gutta percha and such Bubstunces aro non-conductors, and when they are ine terposed between two conducting bodies the electric fluid cannot pass them, Water is a good conductor. When tho telegraph wires ure covered with frozen rain which coats the wires the insulators and the poles with an anbroken filament of ice, the cleetric uid will escape through that medium and’ the line will ease to operate until the ice disappears, As reierred to in 4 preceding paragraph, the positive and negative fluids ut either sod of the battery or place of devel- opment seek to mect ugain, When the tel- eqraph «was first invenwd two wires were deemed necessary—one to convey positiv and the second the negative fluids to the point of composition, But it was discovered that by allowing the negative fluid to c-cape wt once into the earth and the positive to pass over its own wire only one con- ductor was needed, the earth forming the other which completed what is termed the ‘circuit.’ With these feta before the reader be ean two dily eompre- hend the points of the following v: deseripiion of the latest telegraphic wonder—the telephone :— “+ TO LINE. fr sfgir0 GROUND F: MAGNET { | RECEIVER, + WOODEN SOUNDING BOX, OR RESONATOR TO WHICH E\VER IS FIRMLY ATTACHED. THE MAGNETIC COLT. Before entering into any detaily regarding the tole+ plone the rouder must bo informed as to the produced by the passage of the electric fluid trol sending instrament to the receiving inatre euch end of the tine, Wheu the battery ts in operation and the electricity is developed 1 is cub of from the twiegraph wire by a key which leaves w gap or brenk om | the ine vf connection, ‘his key becomes | the end of the battery trode when notin use, The | ent, however, that It 13 preawed by tie vperator’s | the break is closed and the electric fluid flows wire, At the | break occu tas is ma {wn AUtoMnatic ther by siuns or vised and wh ville, little appa concesable raplity along t recerving terminus Of tbe hue anotl. Te is ut the receiving fnstrament bf Jestly impossible to work a line wit receiver which repeats tbe message sounds, such an tostrament uss b may be beard clicking away in apy tel ‘There is in counevtion with this receiver | as of course free to vivrate when excited, ratus which performs an important function, and which is realty the foundation on which the vow ccle- brated telephone depends for its operation. 1 is the Magnetic. co:l, the portion of the receiver woich Dears the samo relation to that instrument the heart does to the body. This coil is ei ply @ continuation of the hue wire jusalated with silk or gutta relia, coiled layer above layer around a if reel, which encloses a piece of soitiron, Between this iron and lever of the receiver the break in the continuity of the telecraph wire is to be found. Now, ‘this break is closed in tho sending oftice by the pressure of the operator’s Huger on a key which closes the cir- cuit, but ip the receiving oilice this ts not done. Tho instrament automatichlly opens and closes this break, and in dotng 50 causes the sounding or the printing sever to rive and fall when necessary, making either a sharp click or printing a sign on & paper ribbon pro- red to receive it. At the end of the sounding lever the soundip, pai 14 is only necessary to describe for such an iustrument) what ts called an armature of metal, which 1% sus- pended over the coil, When the current of clectrivity passes = throug! ho coiled wire and around tbo woft iron the iatter becomes at once magnetized and attracts the armature above 5 ferred to, and thus closes the ciremt with a clic But within the traction of a second the sending ope: ator wili have released his key again, cutting off tho electric flow, which, at tue aame moment ceases to lect tho cuil, the soft iron centre becomes at once demagnetized, and the armature drops away {rom Ib with anotber click, oly to be attracted again the ne: instant during another flow of electricity along th mato wire, [n tmis way, by a series of regulated open- ings und closings of the current at the senuing oflice, @ corresponding sorics ot openings and closings accom- panied by either sound cr printing of lettors, takes Place at ihe recetving office, and thus messages are telegraphed between the most distant ports, SOFT TRON CORES. BOBBINS SOFT IRON YOKE. THEORY OF THE THLEPHONE, It has been proved by careful ana repeated ex- periments tbat uot only does the coi magnetize the soit iron bar as described above, but it also causes it to elongate when the current iz passing through the lielix or coiled wire. When the current ceases the soft iron is uemaguetized and rewuros to its vormal jength, Now, during the process of ciongation the iron {¥ found to emit a sound, which is produced by vibration of its particles daring magnetization and woich is capable of being developed when the moguet- ized iron rod 1s placed on a sounding bourd ur resona- tor, The vowume of sound erntied by a vtolin string js wondertuily increased by the holiuw violin body, with sts apertures, placed beneath it, No matter how rapid the elungations aud shortemings of the mugnet- | ized iron may be, due to the equaily rapid opening and closing of the current of electricity, they are complete in cach ipstauce and produce’ the phenomenon of soufid with equal certainty. By relorring buck to the description of the vibra- Hons of sounding bodies it will be observed that the sounds produced by longitudinal vibrations in rods aro governed by well known laws, Tho means of pro- ducing these in the soft irou rod enclosed by the maz feuc coil is supplied by the electric The effect of that impulse 18 to jougate und to vibrato in going $0; theretore, whether the vibr. tions are produced by & Blow, friction or spou aneot elongation under magnetic influence, the r the same. The sound produced by the receiving tn- sirument 18 bot the souud emitted ‘by the sending in- sirument, but is developed by the influence of tho vibrations of the origival sound producer on the cur- Tents of electricity passing along the line from one end to the other, The manner in which this influence is exercised through the motion of the vibrating reed which gives forth the original sound, will now be ex- planed. SENDING END ‘ONS ONIAIBISY HOW THR TELEPHONE OPERATES. At this stuge of the deveripiien the reader is asked to remember several points set foreu in toe preceding paragraphs relating to sound und electricity. The ubjevt of treating of these subjects so much at lengin Will. be perceived when reading tue sollowsge—° In the trst pluce 1 was stated thut the production of uny sound was due to the number of vibrauons per second, through which the sound producing body moved. That a low rate ol vibration pro- duced a urave toae and @ high rate a ligh tone. That the vibrations must be periouic ur ot unttorm duraion tv produce a musi¢al note Withia the range of from forty to 40,000 vibrations per second, and that the intensity of’ the tone wus al- rectiy as the energy of the vibrations. Wau regard to electricity 1% Was stated that continuity in the con. ductor Was esscutial to the flow of the electric Nuid; that the quuatity Of electricity was directly ax ww. the suriace exposed tur its development in the battery, and that tension was guverned by | the cuergy of development; tuat “the passage through the col of two oft iro core and jwetro- magnetic initu- ence by clongation aud vibration, ‘Now in the telepoonic apparatus all these physical conditions and phenomena are utinzed. Firat, the but- tery with it powertul combinauion of metals, carbon and avids whereby chemical aciien 1s imuuced, neat evolved and electricity developed in 1t8 two conditions, Sevoud, the ine communicating trom terminus Lo ter- minus a3 the mala conducr, Third, the eleciro-mag- uct for the development o! sound by vibrauon, 10 these are added wn instrument by Which the musical sounds are propagated, a disciption of which is as Jotlow ‘he tuventor, Vrotessor Elisha Gray, of Cot cago, constructed a keyboard of two vetaves, simi peuravee to that of a piano, Euch key of on instrument, When pressed by the Operator, oF pet former, as ho may be cailed, sets iu action a steel reed, tuned to a certain deunite rate of vibration, ike a tauing fork, und corresponding Wo 118 position in the musical scale, ‘The Vibrution of the reed 8 i.wmiuined by clectro-mugnets placed at cach side of it, and which alternately exercise an attractive lorce upon i, Ove end of the reed is tirmiy lixed in a bar while ts leouth Relerring to the above diagram, a 1s the reed aitached to the vur b, On cuch sidu of Unis reed are pluced the clectro- magnets c andd. ihe magnet ¢ bas @ resivtance equal to, say four bing, While Maguot d has relauvely ove of avout thirty ohms Both of these maguets are placed im the circuit of a local batt ‘and con. nected therewith vy the wire repr the dotted lines, d having the highest ance develops (ho strougest = magnetism, when cut off from the circuit the attractive power of the other magnet ¢ increases atonce, By closiog the local vireuit by pressing down the key the lolowing takes place:—The whole of the current of the jucai battery passos WurouKh magnet ¢, causing 1 to attract the reed a with its power ef 4.” When whe reed has moved toward E tar ebough Lo leave the pone F the shunt crreuit, of that which counecis the point F with magnet d, 4s broken, and the current tows through both the maguets. finmediately the power of drives and thatof © falls, bringing buck the reed to contact with F aga, ‘This movement being uw tomatic is repeated at the rate of capuiy prede mined by the sie aud length of reed a, aud wore! Tesponus With (the fuudumental vote it 18 intend ty produce by vibration, Thus a note giveu pica is produccd locally as upon an oi dinary reed organ, bus by the agency of aectro- magnets, Now, the uext tung to determine is how the sume vibration can be caused 1 tho solt iron eure | Of a magnet 100 of 200 miles distant, Auother vucer called the main battery, 18 bow brought into operatic ‘The pluce of sepding being luF the purpose a terminal sation, «pole of tue main battery is connected with the earth, Which competes the circuit beww: we Sending ava receiving ends of the line, ‘The oppor pole ig then connected With the Instrument at bindiog dand the Wire continded (0 the coat twith the wl, aad tbe wus receiving a; from reed a by bur b vo pin to the lize Which extends to the di t, ft will be seen from the diagram that whon the key ia ab rest there 12 ho Conneeion oeiween it and Lhe loca) wud main batteries, Therefore nu elecirie care Tent can puss OVEr the 1iue oF sel the reed a iu VibeM the The moment, howe’ key, the r tion by magnetization. circuits are closed by vibrated as those vibratious trom #0 thi reed is the passage of w corresponding and instant Hmpaise through the mala hue, Now the ehiet « eully experienced by a writer who ondcayu tu ‘describe a delicate operation 9. —clecuricity is ty convey tw the reader anything like wn dea of the tilonte rapidity: with whic ult such operations occur, Supposing, tor mstavce, thar the reed a {s tuked to aeortaln \One requiring 5,000 Vibrations per second tor its production, 1 seems alinost inconveivabie that because of 4,000 cont tx per between the reed a and the point &, the cure Font ur clectricity from the wait battery wo the mato hne coud be iuterrn 000 Limes per second, and that a solt iron bar attached ‘to the eod of tue watn Hue should be magnetized and demagnetized 6,000 separate and wish times it one secoud, And y uch 18 the fact Kuch note of the musice x 18 produced by ity OWN special reed, actuated by its own magnets, wh are upersted 1a turn by the jocal battery by meuns of regular eonne tious, As the intensity of & love depends on the «1 ergy of the producing vibrations 40 wil! the everyy of these depend ‘on the sirength of the electric unpuise that causes them. ‘This strc ends on the ten- of tho elvetricny, which 1s 1m Curu governed by strevgth of ihe vatery. wether tact 18 hat compusite sounus, oF th from the roeds without any discord of mutunt Tuption. ‘This, coords, trills and other variations a ag readily aud truly produced un the recotver as winpio < & Fs z g & 2 é 5 H Es z o al agreeable su 100, IL must not be Gaderstoud that > | there was all the volume, the variety, the gran. | an orchestra, but rather the echo ef | 7 botes—tbe most solemn and slow tunereal march not more easily than the liveliest jig music. THe ANALYERK. By means of an instrument styled an analyzer, also inveuted by Professor given note of a com- bination sound can be detect the receiving end of t the sending end. The joss ite tones passing through sir was of analyzing comps successfully demonstrated by Helmholtz, but Gray has uccomphshed a similur aualysw of tones produced by Vibrations in the electro-magnet. This is done by a very simple appar n ordinary electro mugnet, baving, instead of an armateur, a steel ribbon stretched &@ metallic frame and fitted with a turning screw at one end, When te ribbon of steel is tuned to any required pitch it will be thrown into vibration only when that note is sounded by the magnet. When that note ceases to form a part of the combined sound transmitted, the vibrations of the ribbon cease. If, therclore, it is desired at the Fecoiving end to detect what single notes go to the combination, it 18 only necessary to pass the current ‘brough many analyzers at pleasure, aud that ono Which is tuned for the required no! respond if it leads to the con: Professor Bell, of Boston, has perfected an appara- tus by which not only the sound of musical notes is reproduced, but also that of the human voice, of words spoken in ordinary couversation. He appears to have been studying the subject of telephony at the same time as ProtessorGray, both geutiemen arriving atsomewhat different but equally wleresting results at avout the same tine, But Bell’s success i regard to the repro. ; duction of the sound of the human voice has been very marked, Taking the invention of Reiss as rung pomt bp has constructed an apparatus which, when attached to the receiving end of the Lolegraph wire, evables any person im the apartment to hear words distinctly ‘which arg epoken at the other end of the line, The above diagrain will convey an idea ot how tus is accomplished. A trumpet-moutted tube is set | ppos: an electro magnet sinilar in form and | arrangement to that already described, Across the mouth of the tube a diaphragm or membrane is straived, to which is attached a light magneuzed bar 1 steel, which almogt touches the cure ends of the magnet, A battery yctuates the magnet and supplios | } the electric fluid to the line, One pole is w grount While the other i# to the ting, Av the receiving end is @ single hehx, with un external soft iron case und % loose titing soit iron cover. When words ure spokon into the tube at the sending end, the mag- j Net on the membrane vibrates with tt and induces Maguoto-clectrie pulsations in the magnet opposite, ‘These are transmitted over the line and reproduce Drations 1p the loose 10a cover or disk of the mugnet ab the receiving end, Which give OUL the KoUNdS 4s they are caused at the sending end, The receiving instru ment, when properly mounted op a resonator, gives Out an increased sound, und the whole is justly re- garded 4s one of the wonders of our age As theso marvels ut eleciricdl science and skill are | only in their infancy as yet it tx not too much to ex- pect that when pertected, as they are certam to be within a little tine, the Whole art of telegraphy will be revolutionized ‘through their influen Every day thut passes aver us only serves to prove how true are Hamiet’s words to his taithfal trend: ‘There are more things in heaven wud earth, Horatio, ‘Than are dreamt of in your philosophy. TELEPHONE REHEARSAL AT STEIN- WAY ULLL ! ‘The telephone rebearsal at Sicinway Hall last might Was ove Of the most interesting events iu the history of music tn this country, and promises a rovoiuion complete as the first introduction of steam and elec- tricity, It was arranged by Mr. Strakosch that the rehearsal should bo strictly private, but the Her. ALD was represented, sumewhat to tho. surprise of the genial impressario. At about half. past eight o’clock some twenty persons, including five ladies, Mr. Strakosch, Professor Gray, of Chicago, the inventor of the telopbone; Mr. Brown, Superin- tendent of the Western Union Telegraph Company, and the Messrs. Stemway, eutered Stemway Hall from the Filteenth street entrance. Immediately Professor Gray ascended to the stage and began pulling upon two ploces of telegraph ‘wire which were dangling down on the right, and with the aid of Mr. Brown attached them toa common Morse insirument. Com. munication having been established with Philadel. phia, tho receiver’? was brought forth and placed upon a closed grand Steinway piano. This “receiver” is simply an arrangemont of long, narrow, hollow, cloged buxes, sixicen in wamber, tapering trom each end to the centre, the end box being about two feet Jong by three inches deep aod three inches wide, the others tapering down to six ibches long in the centre—looking like two cones of boxes with th meeting. A common magnet Joins the two sinditést, or central, boxes, The boxes a joned together by wwo strips of wood, with thumbscrews to tughten them at the pleasure of the person reguiating the apparatus somewhat as a violinist will tage bis instrument, The “recorver’’ having been stood upon the narrow end on the closed piano, the wires were attached to the magnot and word was transmitted to | the player in Philadelphia to proceed with the concert. We went back to the Fourteenth street entrance, to the row ats farthest from the stage, and awaited the first notes from the gentleman telephonist in the Quaker City. The two groups of bright gas jets on the age threw but a sombre hight over the long rows of | empty seats. There was vothing upoa the stage but | the above named piano and the sounding board of another (the purpose of which will presently be seen) the wires and the “receiver.” Every whisper could be heard in the ball. The cuthusiasuc Strakosch was explaining ip an undertone to one of his friends the wonderful grandeur of the new system. “Why, my dear sir,” said he, ‘it will bo aa incalculable blessing | to tho world. I¢ yill be the means of converung | Focloty. It will eventually lessen the long and terrible | lst of crimes now upon our criminal culendars, | dea will learn to Jove music, and their | baser passions will disappear, Who ever knew a man devoted to music tw commit mur- der? We shatl soon be able to give every family music just as water and gas aro now received. Wo shall plant a monster telephone at some point, say at St, Louis, which 1# to cost about a millioa of dollars, and supply the whole of the United States with ie. highful melody. Then you cap have a wire attached to alittle ‘receiver’ m your house, und, voila! you have music of the most bewitching kind. [tell you this ig but m its intany—yes, sir, 19 148 very infuncy,’? In a few seconds the prelude to ‘Home Sweet Home” sounded, low and soft at ilrst, then louder and sweeter in tone, the notes gradually swelling into the quality of those of a flageoiet, Every sound was clourly hoord, | and when the last prolonzed note had ceased there was a clapping of hands almost as heartily as ough some | thore and | | | \ | prima donna bad been had sung the grand oll song, After an* imerval of about u minute the opeuing notes of the “Last Kose of Summer’? were sounded, This air was playod sumewhat quicker, and tbo pauses were not periect in the Grst ten tars, but suddenly the Iiguer notes of tho | ear, pathetic, revealing at | once the tenderness iewey of ‘he new instrument and i¥ power in transmitung imelody in the most de- 1 Next an wit from Bailes *Boheman rH)? was ordered by the operator, aud before the cite | cult could fairly be completed the opening strains of | | “When other ips and oer bearts’ were Gil ng the atl ‘This Was rendered with fauttiers precision, the | Highest and fowest notes ving executed wiih special | aveuracy, Touse a simile, the impression was us | though «stringed orchestra was playing ata distance, | the waves uf sound following exen another in rogular, i the elast tous. tness, a faséinaiing medium in the notes | Whiev are ws pleasant as thoy are inexpileabi Yankee Doodie’ ana # variety of | Scotch aud Irist airs were next played, much Ww the ralilication of tuose prosent, for Ie must be sald that many bud expressed grave fears that the performance | | | would be a lature, | A ios important geries of experiments followed, Taking 4 magnot with two wires attached the Prolessor placed 1 upon w stnail clreutar wooden “bar,” thea put bOLD apou the suuuding vourd of the plane, to | which reforenee is nade above. Ina few seconds the | strains of we “Od Hundred’? were heard ail over the hull, like the lower woies of 4 stall organ, gracefully re-echoing, 4% i were, the sounds rom Philadelphia, Another order and the luli chofds of thu “Duxology” were plainly distinguishable, Whe chords being as pertoct as though | the pertormer had been on the stage With the appas Tutus, first two, then three, four and live demon- strauny the wonderful scope to which the instrument can ve adapted and the possibility of playing some Very intricate wuste, etter than anything tl ‘This delighted tho it had bon done pre- = as Were thew played, “God the ‘wnquering Hero,” Wo W ‘tu Morning,” “suwanee Kiver,’’ and numerous other | inully Mr. Gray tested the audience as a circa, A common transmitter Was connected to he bactery ava held by the Protessor, who placed bis foreiinger Against a disk fnoed with Zu, shaped hks the buman ear, The gentlemen toon ascended the stage and | formed a circle, One tividing the wire, too others all jong hands, and the last one of the circle on tue opposite side, clasping the wrist of the Frotosxor, The disk Was sturied, and the air of “Nico. demus’? was produced through this haman current, staring 0 the one holding the wire audending at the tip of tho Prolessor's 0 which tie air was emitted, ol aud distivet. Altogether it mey be sat that this new tH: when worked with a full battery, ‘will ropr melodies iu the sweetest and soitest manuor, was @ most decided success, ‘The reheursal MR. HALL, FOUND, The Ex-Mayor on Board the Steamer Victoria. A STATEROOM INTERVIEW. The Question of Identity Discussed with a Reporter, -———_-- ON THE TRAIN TO LONDON. A Drive to Notting-Hill Gate and a Welcome Reception. ALLEGED RING REVELATIONS. Lonpoy, March 31-—12 M. A telogram bas just been received here from Liver- Pool, which shows that Mr. A. Oakey Hall i in that city. The telegram is as tollows:— Loe Staext Rainway Starioy, Livexvoo., March 31—11:10 A, M. Mr, A, Oakey Hall has taken a ticketto London, He missed the eleven o'clock train, and will probably go by the next at noon, TUB STEAMER BOARDED BY A REPORTER— Mi, HALL IDENTIFIED—AaN INTERVIEW—HE DENIES THAT HE IS Mu. HALL—TAKES THE TRAIN FOR ‘LONDON. Livenroot, March 31, 1877. The steamer Victoria, from Boston March 17, has arrived here. A reporter who knows and has been on the lookout for Mr. A. Oakey Hall tor soveral daya, boarded the Victoria at two o'clock this morning. He learned that a gontieman answering Mr. Hall’s descrip- tion was aboard under the uame of “Satiife.’? He arot at daylight and was found in the cabin examining the log. Mr. Hall was immediately recognized. Ho has about a fortnight’s growth of mustache and side whiskers, and was dressed in old clothes—a dark blue shirt, red scarf, small common capand spectacles, instead of the customary eyeglasses, AN INTERVIEW IN THE STATEROOM. The reporter adds:—‘‘I asked to see him privately, and ne led the way to his stateroom, | said that Mr. A. Oakey Hall disappeared from New York a fortnight ago, and was believed to be on board the stoamer Vic- toria,”” Mr, Hall replied, ‘‘Well, what of that?” I told bim I knew Mr. Hall perfoctly by sight, and what he was the man. He repliod that I was mistaken, Ttold him that I know he was Mr. Hall, aud that bis family were terribly anxious and that his friends iu New York were much excited about him, He asked why they should be excited, and then made a remark uboutthe weather in an unconcerned way and went out to breakiast. He repeatedly denied that he was Mr. Hall, and told me that be was on bia way to Bris- tol, LEAVING THE SUIP. Alter breakfast we leit the stip. AsI helped bim down the ladder he asked me if I had found my triend yet. He now wore an old ulster overcoat. Un landing he went to the office of Warren & Co., agents of the Victoria, thence to the telegraph offico and finally to the Northwestern Kailway Station, where he took a second class ticket and lof by the noon train for Lon- don, which is due at Euston Station ut #, quarter-past five P, M. THE ARRIVAL IN LONDON—A DESCKIPTION OF THE PASSENGER—A JOURNEY ON THE UN- DERGROUND RAILROAD TO NOTTING-HILL GATE. Loxpox, March 31, 1877, The passenger, “Sutliffe,"’ who arrived at Liverpool by the steamer Victoria and proceeded by truin to London, strenuously denies that bo is A, Oakey Hall, PERSONAL APPEARANCE. He is above the medium height, dressed as described ina previous despatch, and walks with a swinging gait. His face bas recently been clean shaven and is | now coverod with a rough gray stubble. THE UNDERGROUND RalLnoaD, At Euston Station he employed a porter, who took two black Japanned leather carpet bags marked “G’ anda roll of rugs, They walked to the Gower Street Station of the Metropolitan Underground Railroad, where the porter left his companion aud the iater took a third class ticket for Notting-Hill Gato Station, He was cvideutly unacquainted with the route, for he inquired frequently of bis follow paszongers, He seemed to bo nervous. AN EXPECTED GUEST, At his destination he took a bansom cab and drove toa small, quict private house nearby. He was evi- | dently expected, as the door opened without ring of knock, and be passed in immediately with his buggage, | He was not met at the station by any acquaintance, ub least be was not recognized vy any one. AN INVRTERATE PUNSTER, The steward of the steamer Victoria volunteers the ioformation that the passenger giving the namo of “Suthffe’’ was “tho greatest {ellow for making puns I ever met,”” THE RRPORTRK NOT MISTAKEN, The gentieman who met ““Sutliffe” at Liverpool and hold the conversation with him related in a former despatch 1s confident tbat there can be no mistake about hia boy Mr. A. Oakey Hall, COMMENTS IN TMIS CITY. The sensation of the day yesterday was tho an- nouncement by cable thay ex-Mayor Hail had been identified by the agent of the Associated Press in Liver- poot upon the arrival of tho Viet and that in “W. E. Sutiifle, of Quebec,” the missing man had been = at last positively recognized. This result was accurately foreshaduwed in a promi nent article in the Henano of y rday. Had it not been for this the antvouncement by cable would have created evou w greater editorial proving couclusively that Mr, Had must have bveev murdered ang could not have gone to Europe. A teoling of pleasurable relief was eXnibited by Mr. Hall's mauy iriends (bat the agony of uocertainty was over at last, and that there was now, all the croakers to tho contrary notwithstandmg, not a shadow ot doubt that Mr. Hall was periectly safe. At (irst soine people were found who pretended to doubt the truth of the cable Announcement; but when the report of the interview between the ayent of the Astociated Press at Liverpool aod My, Hall was published im the later editions of the | afternoon papers every reader declared that Mr, Hail was the man, HOW MR, MALL BETRAYED HIMSELY, Mr. Hall betrayed himself when he asked why his family suould be excited, and to every incelligent mind his subsequent denial of his identity with the ex- Mayor was fruitless Another ieature of the story which tondod to coulirm the conviction that the mau ex: Mayor Hall wus hin eharacteristic query to the Feportor, as the Intter beiped him down the ladder, nsation than i did, jor even | yesterday « leading city contemporary contained an | | “whether he had found bis friend.” Any one knew the ex-Mayor could vivici7 imagine from (his part of the interview the dry, quizzieal to which the query was put, As an old friend of his. “It was Oakey Hall all over.’* ae DID HIS FRIENDS KNOW THE SECRET? o Neither at the office of Vanderpoel, Cuming & Green nor at the Hall residence was any news of Mr. Hall's urrival in Liverpoo! received, or, if 11 was, the press wus not desired to have knowledge of the fact. The general tone of com: t was strongly to the effect that Mr. Hull’s nearest intimates must bave known the secret, But what purpose could Mr, Hall’s further devial of bis identity to the Associated Pruss reporter in Liverpool serve? This was a question which puzzied many of his friends, who, how- ever, were goveraily inciimed to look at the affair from a jocose point of view aod to laugh at = tho unnecessary excitement and apprenension of the last two weeks, There were knots of people around ali the newspaper offices in front of which the Liverpool cable despateh Was bul- letined during tho greater part of the day, and they seemed to read the dry matter-o/-iact annguncement that A. Oakey Hall bad arrived, that-be had missed the eleven o’clock train to London, bat would take the oon truin, with much amusement. A GREAT PRACTICAL JOKE. © “In a day or two,” said one old triend of his, “be will be receiving the New York newspapers with the thrilling accounts of bis probable murver, his obit- uary, the examiastion of the headless body found as the foot of Wall street, &c. What a joko it is, by Jove! It isthe biggest practical joke of the century!” PROUD AND HAPPY BRENTANO, Perbaps the proadest man in New York yesterday was Mr, Brentano, tor all day long there came a stream of patrons to his book emporium who congratulated bim and sald:—“Well, Mr, Brentano, you were right, after all! You gave the Heratp the right clew!’? Mr, Brentano laoked very modest at this and said:—Well, you see, Mr, Hall was a patron of mino for twenty years, and | wouldn't bave suid anything for the world to burt him, but when I beard the people talk about muraer, 1 thought I must come out with the truth, I am glad and happy to know that my clew has turned out to be the true one, and thas Mr. Hail is safe in England,’’ It wili be remembered that Mr, Brentano’s statement about selling to Mr. Hall maps of Canada and Bradshaw's “Guide of Great Britain,” which appeared in the HxRaLo, was the frst tangible evidence pointing to the missing man’s de- purture for Europe, aud was aniversaily accepted os such by Mr, Hall's friends, Mr. Brentano certainly deserves credit for having done his share toward quieting the public mad, which was so greatly exercised by tho startling stories of foul play in Brooklyn, Mr, Breutano men- tioned yesterday to the writer the curious coincidence that since the publication of Mr, Hali’s purchase of Bradsnaw’s “Guide of Great Britain’’ its popularity seemed to have increased wonderlully, This, Mr. Brentano thought, was another proof ot the immense favor with which the New York public regarded the ex-Mayor and all bis doings, They evidently thoughs that Mr. Hall always bit apon the right thing—be it a book or anything elae, Of course, in tho train of these facetious saliles came algo all sorts of serious on dits as to the motit of ex-Mayor Hall’s flight, In inveatigating these va- rious reports the writer met ove influential politician whose statements hitherto have always been found true, who bad an intimate acquaintance with the old Ring and who told avery remarkable story in the fol- lowing interviow with the writer; REMARKADLE REVRLATIONS, Revorter—Do you believe that Mr, Halls allegea complicity with the Ring bad apything to do with his flight? Powaticiay—Well, it he had anything to do with the Ring be was certainly much shrewder than any of them in covering up his tracks I have known bim intie mately for years, and I believe in his carelessness, good nature and political ambition, which made him an easy tool to the Ring, who used him without letting him Joto their secrets or paying him tor his services. Now, ag to Sweeny’s return, I have been informed by « gen- tleman most intimately connected with the membors | ofthe Ring admiuistration that Mr. Sweeny’s retui was not for the purposo of testifying, but that he came back in order tbat by his presence he might use his persoual influence and power over the attaches of the old Ring to compel every one who bad profited by the old corruption to bear his due proportion of the restitu- tion of the plunder. I am one of those who believe that Sweeny never bad any corrept connection with the Tweed and Connolly robberies, but he received and expended moneys tor political purposes which he now finds were raised by tho dishonest practices of his old associates, He olso fads that bis (Sweeny’s) brother, who is now dead, received small amounts from the Ring conspirators, B, 1s therefore ready enough to settle, Besides, a final sottlement will rid him of @ tiresome and expensive litigation and release his property. WALL ASKKD FORK RESTITUTION, Tne story 1 bave heard is thut before Sweeny came home ex-Mayor Hall, among others, was applied to to contribute a tharo toward a itation fund, I have heard that the amount demanded of him was $100,000, and that he stuted that he bad not thas amount of money to give aud, besides, had not made anything out of the Ring operations. My informant isists that as soon us Hall was pplied to be commenced bis prep. | arations for leaving the country. After Sweeny’s arrival home tho ¢x-Mayor cailéd at his house in West Thirty-‘ourth street and sought an interview, bat Mr. Sweeny positively refused to see him. According to this etory Mr, Sweeny’s conduct alarmed Mr. Hall and confirmed bim in bis intention of going “away. | My informant tells me that all partios who were calied upon to contribute to the restitasion fund were in- formed that non-compliance would exempt them from the frieudly settiement with the city and leave them stil liable to ‘prosecution, apd that they tnuas hold themseives in readiness for the consequences, A PLAN OP GENBRAL RESTITUTION. Revontex—! ben you have heurd that otmers beside | Mayor Hall have been applied to? Pr 1an—Ob, yos; | bear (hat contractors and all | attachés who received money from the Ring and that | sone legislators and lovbymon, among whom large suis of tho city’s money have from to time been dis- tributed, have ali been notified that they must bear their proportion of the diagorgement or sabmit to | exposure, ludecd, I wm imtormed that Mr, Sweeny | was especially needed in New York for the reason that he had paid out most of the money expended on the legislatures, My informant declares that neither Mr. Tweed nor Mr, Sweeny is now under any obligation of secrecy concerning past trans actions. Neither has anything further to fear, and the ovly question is whether, alter standmg all the abuse and all the prosecation, they should also bear the whole brant of the restoration aud safer those to whom they have paid money to got away with 16 upharwed, Keronter—Have you heard that Mr. Conpolly is to refund anything to the ety? Pouriwan—Ye have heard that Sweeny’s ar. ments with Conaoily were made velore the former | left Rurope, and that if the arrangements are finally conciaded his stare of the amount will be handed over by bis relatives in this enty., Connolly will bave ao easier lime in settlement than any of the others, for the reason that he put all bis plunder into bard cash and has kept it in his poekets ever since, ‘YH THUR STORY. Revorten—Do you believe that this ts the true cause | of Dir. Hali’s disappearaace? | Potriiax—Well, no; {don’t believe it myself, be- cause | don't believe dir, Hall bad any share jo the Ring robveries, My owa theory is that be got dissatine fled with living bere, that be wanted to get away | without baving the annoyance of setthog up all nig | bastness, pecuniary |... other, sudden|y, and that, with the singularity w istinguishes him, be just started off without sayin, anything to anybody. Lonly tell you the story just as it is told me by the friends of the Ring men, CAN THIS he TROR? The Hzpress of last evening nad the followin We have but little doubt from what we bear that Mr. | Hatllettthe eny in coasequeave ot the certainty of ‘Tweed’s release Irom prison, which will take place next week, of that the price of that release, besides the surrender of large sums Of mouey, is the exposure of parties who received U Loss, the hands of we ‘That the ex-May ot pubhe, posure bow much the Tweed cial ure nam and = dates are latd petore It will probably appear in this ex- er cost the city at Aibany, and the suru will ao doubt astound the pablicit the revelation 14 made complete Whether the ex+ Mayor Was wise or unwiso in making his escape from ‘oe country is a disputed point among lis frieads; ¥ if implicated, as all ib any kuowledgo of pe the