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= nN > or capital, treble, pibly & SOCIAL SCIENCE Interesting Addresses and Papers on the Great Problems of the Age. MR. ATKINSON ON REAL WEALTH, The Condition of Southern Industry Reviewed by Mr. Nordhoff. CURRENCY AND PRICES. Discussion of the Chinese Immi- gration Question. Banatooa, N. ¥., Sept 7, 1876 The Social Science Association held two sessions throughout the day, which were well attended and excited much interest. In the general session Mr, Sanborn first presented a report on ‘Ihe Cotton Indus- try of Fall River,” showing its rapid growth and the soeial conditions of poverty and ignorance by which it was accompanied Dr. Davis, of Fall River, and Mr, Derby, of Boston, debated tho question and spoke favorably of the present prospects of the city of Fall River. MR, ATKINSON'S ADDRESS. Mr. Atkingon, a cotton manufacturer, delivered an address, from which we take the following:— The points which I shall make are that all progress $s destructive as well as constructive; that the teri fixed capital ts most unfit as applicd toactual substance; that nothing old is very useful, and that scarcely any- thing usotul can be very old; and in general a attempt to prove that it 1s not the amount or value of the capital which @ nation has accumulated that marks its progress or its prosperity, but rather the mode in which it is applied and tho way in which its results are consumed, Subsistence depends vastly more on right direction being given to capital than on tts quanuty or amount, In moderu times production is always ample The means of subsistence have increased more rap- idly than population, Imperfect as the methods of distribution are, yet there is no given area ot the civil. ized world im which larger population cannot be sup- ported to-day than ever before. Production was never before so great in this pation in relation to population as it has been in this last year of depression and want, The East 1 glatted with goods aud wares; the Wost ts full of corn and meat; Tne Middle States are burdened with the abundance of coal and iron; the South is richer than ever before in cotton and grain, and is prospering in spite of alleged misgovornment; oach Section has what the other needs, and the evil of to- day is a restricted distribution and consumption, ‘The distrust which causes want and penury may bo atiributed to many causes, but the chief responsibility lies with those who maintain a national Ne as the law- ful money of the uation, I have satd that the material tools of distribution are ample, The grain ficlds and pastures of the West are far away in distance from the mechanic of the East, but when distance is converted into cost and cost a; into wages, the fallacy of the hue and ery for ch transportation 1s exposed. Five bundred pounds of meat and grain constitute the full subsistence of an adult man for one year, and it costs to-day but $1 25 to ter of a ton or 500 pounds from Chicago to ‘than one day’s wages of a good mechanic. In this low cost it would. be difficult to find evidence of the rapacity of the railway monopolist. So far as tho people of Massachusetts eat bakers’ Dread, it cosis thom more to movo the bread from the Daker’s oven to the mouth of the congumer than it does to move the fluur from the wheat field to tho oven. The so-called cheap transportation associations, ‘who propose to revolutionize railway service and man- agement, make great point on the need of cheap ‘Dread, but I never heard that they proposed to take Gharge of the bakers’ carts, PROFITABLE DESTRUCTION. Our accumulation of substance during a century is Dut a mere trifle, ana if we are to regard wealth only as tho synonym of wellbeing our true progress will be found to consist in Do great material accumulation on which a price can be put, but rather in the constant dostrcction of that which has cost years of assiduous labor to accumulate. The evolution theory needs to be applied in this department of sclence as it is elsewhere. Fach structure, machine, tool or fabric is but a devel- opment ot that which preceded it A great factory can hardly be completed before some change of method 4s calied for in some part of its operation. I will take two examples from my own occupation, Had the census taker entered a cervain cotton {aotory in July, 1866, he would have found in one department eight machines used in sizing yarn, worth in tho ag- gregate about $10,000 and eight ‘men well employed in Attending them at high wages, In this cousus he would have listed so much property and so much labor weil paid as evidence of wenlth and prosperity. Three months later he would have found one machine, worth $2,600, attended by ove man id one boy do- ing the same work, and‘ perhaps seven tdlo men gazing on a pile of old copper and old iron in an outhouse, representing the eight machines previously in éxistence, This latter census, considered by itseif, would have proved a de- crease of wealth and a decrease of occupation; yet the change represents the most marked progress in the ution manufactare of recent years. ‘The new machine of 1866 was but a development of the previous one, but Mt bas had no long life, In 1876 it again has been largely converted into old copper and iron, and another, betier and cheaper form bas taken its place. Again, forty years since the work of one operat! for ove hour ii cotton mill resulted in the produc- snow of threo yards of coarse sheeting. To-day the work pi one operative for one hour on the same premises will produce ten yards of the same fabric; and the pro- tress bas been made, not by the accumulation of capital Yo the form of additional machinery, but by the utter Abandonment of the old and the substituiion of tho pew at Jese cost and of less value, In the census of forty years singo the evidences of wealth would bave beep greater in the valuation of the machinery ou which the three yards per hour were produced than it is now 1m the valuation of that on whieh the ten yards are made. Nothing remains on the premises of the old force or capital except the foundation, In the forty yoars the old building, water wheel aud machinery have been destroyed, pew havo been substituteu; but at the very moment a hundred busy brains are engaged ip destroying the ne’ machinery the iuvention of better methods in milla aud works of all kinds, It js so useless «6 to—séplan=s for)=— a duration = of many years except tn the foundations, and the com- munity gains by the constant reduction of the ratio of captal to production. As I have said, nothing old is very useful, nothing useful is very old, and tho de- structive ebaracter of inventions in rendering useless that which has been very costly and for which a high rate of charge could bo made is one of the most marked points in our progress. No greater cvi- dence of the destructive nature of progress can be found than by giving some consideration to the statis- our alleged wealth, ty discovered by the local assessors of 1m the year 1876 consisted in round fig- $1,311,000,000 '630, 000, 000 Rea: estate... Personal estate. To which may be added depositsin banks, Corporation tax assessed by the State .3 person. 1018, of course, impossible to separate exactly the actual capital froia the property of other kinds, but we May approximate thereto. Our first reduction from mount must be the value of land, which is the d to the race and 1s not the work of m It fs customary to consider assessors’ valuations as two- thirds land and one-third improvement, but, as this Tule will not apply to mills and works in all cases, we ‘will assume that one-half tho assessed value of ‘real estate is upon buildings and works which tho hand of man bas created, and in this ttem we find a value of capital of $655,000,000, Under our present syste the tax on personal property is levied mostly on debts the form of mortgages and bonds, butas the smaller ations of furniture, mechanics’ tools and the f The savings tax represents debt with very small exception, We may assume the vaiue of build= owned not over $8,000,000. e tax on bank shares must all be thrown out, but may assume that a considerable gportion of the cor- poration tax represents stcek and goods; say out of $84,000,000, $72,060,000, 1,000, 000, 000, Wo must, therctore, assume that tho eutire capital, the entire substance, the mills, works, railroads, dwell {ngs, warehouses, goods, furniture, material on hand for tood and clothing of the Commonw: ith of Mass: ts saved for future use is lo $1000, 00,000 divided among 1,650,000 people, or about $600 per capita on the average. ‘On the other hand, the annual chusetts, by the census of 1875, consists o Valuo of manufactares.. Value of products of agricultare Value of products of fisheries But in may be no cavil or question, having made alarge correction for the possible sub- stance that escapes the notice of the tax gatherer, and having estimated the capital of the St @ Imaxi- mum, I will reduce the estimate of about one-tifth and thas reduce th mum. Such a deduction js sone ise Pig no Yon of efror, and this will gy ° St "4s00, (0,000 total product, or $300 per capita, Thia, again, would be at the average rate of $380 per ie for the value of the product of each person over een ial jabstantiaily clear that our substance ‘aside from land, is only about double, pos- the cost of our subsistence. From this OL she sptlo of capital t@ produghien and. Total. in valae than | SEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1876—WITH SUPPLEMENT. bststence, 1t follows that if wo all ceased to work and could eat and w houses, railroads, mills and goods of ail Rinds, two or three years and co: }, sity that our Pilgrim Fathers yrs only worse, ; because the present population of Massachusetts could ot at once get @ subsistence {rom its own soil, if ) forced to work with only as much capital in the form of tools as the Pilgrims brought over with them, SOURCKS OF YROSFERITY. Prosperity consists as much in the method of spend- ing as in saving, It is the quick distribution of mod- erate quantities of things that promotes geueral wellare far more shan great accumulatior Each year’s work gives each year’s subsistence, ireedom of exchange is the most important factor in the good subsistence of communities or ations Our wage fund, consisting of cotton, wool, lumber, leather, corn and ai! other crude products, exists this very year in greater quantity than ever dolore in the history of this uation, but at the same time we hav more want in the midst of this abundance than w have witnessed for many years. The force exits that Might constitute prosperity and good wages if we weasure wages in their purchasing power; but we ean- not direct this force because our whole system of dis tribution has been paralyzed by 4 Vicious currency, by ® bad system of taxation apd by our provincial insuia- tion in the world, Men want wages this year ip part because of the very abundance of tho means of paying them. Our true ditticulty copsista in restricted dis- tribution and consumption, different thing, and this restricted consump happens not for Want of means, but Decause We cannot di- rect the means to the end. Again, when we consider the insignificant proportion which capital beara to anoual production we find tho must profound Teason to distrust all attempts to divert that capital by means of tarifis and other artificial methods to occu- ations that would not be frecly chosen, and we also more fully realizethe grave injury which arises from the abnormal stimulus that war gives to certain branches of industry. Inu a given year, not many years since, tho combined stimulus of war and of an excessive tariff caused the savings of several years to be Aocumuiated in the form of iron works and woollen mills, and we are now realizing the tact that the ‘labor caved im those years was mainly wasted, Our attention must now be given main- ty, as it seems to mo, neither to greater accumula. Hon, nor to greater economy. Is it not true that much Of our preseut extreme depression grows out of an en- forced economy that need not oxist in the nature of the case? We have been shut out from commerce with the world, but the world wants all the substance wo havo to spare, and will give us in exchange @ greaver abundance of comtorts and luxuries that we all desira, We have been devoting our attention too inuch to ac- cumulation and production, too little to a wider distri- bution of our own’ products; hence our capital ts fading away, and the ‘very abundanco of our productions bas become “an injury. The community is, as a rule, acting to-day as if no more houses, no more mills, no more railroads, no more mines or works of any kind Were over to be needed. The ex- treme of confidence has been followed by the extremo of distrust, and the waste of old capital must be to-day going on at @ far more rapid rate than the accu- mulation of new, The destruction of to-day is not that sion and improvement, such as constitutes ;, but rather the modern destruction, such as is caused by fire and flood, What is the present abun- dance of money, so called? We have no true money at all, What we call money {s but a bad measure, an unit symbol of the abundance of commodities in existence. The so-called money, which one can borrow at the banks at two or three per cent per annum, is not money ; it 1s 8 title to use bricks, lumber, tron, coal, corn, cotton and all the other primary forms of capital saved for fu- ture use at very low prices. Why are these forces idie? Why ts o want in the midst of plenty? Why 1s not this existing substance being consumed more evenly? Why do the few have so much that they know not how to use, while the many who want and are willing to work cannot obtain it? There can be but one reply to these questions, The government has assumed the function ot e jsbipg ndurd of value und bas substituted a ite for @ true stan- dard. It has assumed tbat it can control and give di- rection to the work of the people, and its interference has culminated tn obstruction and disaster, Abundance never yet ruined n nation, and every cause of want in this country can be removed if we apply ourselves to tho work. Mr. Nourse, ot Boston, read a paper on the relation of currency to prices, This and the address of Mr. Atkinson were warmly debated by Professor Samner, Horace White, Elizur Wright, and others. MR. NORDHOFP’S PAPRR. Mr. Charles Nordhoff read a paper on the condition of the South, from which we give the following ex- tracts:— In what Iam to say on the subject assigned me {t should be understood that I speak of six cotton and suger States only, naming Arkansas, Louisiana, Mis- sisstppi, Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina; and that the observations on which I found my conclusions were mado daring the spring and summer of 1875, more than a year ago. The States of which I speak contained, according to the Inst census, 2,945,886 of white apd 2,344,882 of colored people. These colored people were, 1t will be remembered, when set freo, abso- lutely without property. In 1865 they owned nothing but the “rags they stood ‘in, The experiment of setting freo 4,000,000 of slaves with- out making any provision whatever for their subsist- ence, without giving them houses to live in or jand to cultivate, is, | believe, unprecedented In the history of civilized society, Russia dia not venture on any such enterpriso; she provided by an elaborate system of reg- ulations for the maintenance of her freed serfa, When I saw these treed people they had had their liberty ten years; they had in th: not only lived and raised familics, and migrated in great numbers from State to State, and engagod in an almost unceas- ing turmotl of politics, which more or Joss interrupted tho resumption of their labor, but they had besides this everywhere accumulated considerable amounts ot property. The frecdmen of Georgia, according to the Teturns mado to the State government in 1874, owned at that time 338,769 acres of farming real estate, $1,200,115 worth of city and town real estate, and paid taxes to the valuation of $6,157,798, In the States of which I speak the greater part of the colored people are engaged in agriculture. They form the real laboring force of those States. They produce by far the greater part of the cotton, rice, sugar and other exports of these States This is sufficient proof, of course, that as a mass they practise steadiast industry. In fact they are the most prosperous class in tho South, im my judgment; by which I mean that the average nogeo head of a household in tho States of whieh I speak has probably in bis hands at the close of the working season, when his crop is harvested, a larger surplus than tho average white working man in the same States, and I believe alarger surplus than the average mechanic or farm Inborer of the North. He 8 a more prosperous being than the poor white farmer of the South, Partly this is due to the fact that the negro engaged im agriculture seeks the richest lands, which are often disagreeabie to the white farmer because of malarial diseases; partly itis due to the fact that the negro willingly works hard and still lives con- tentediy in a vory simple manner, In the great majority of cases the colored man 18 not the owner of tho land which he cultivates; but he prefers to be a tenant, and he raises colton, cither fer oalfa share of the crop, of on land for which he pays a cer- tain number of dollars por acre per ycaras rent. In the sugar and rice country they receive wages. Moro ‘and more of them are buying farming lands, and there is no difficulty in thoir making such purchases any- where. In the cotton country the land owner or plantor lets his land at from $3 to 10 an acre perannum to tho negro; or more {frequently makes a contract with him by which be turnishes houses, fencing, the use of the gin, tools and animals and recetves a specified share of the crop. In all cases the planter gives a general superintendence to ailairs, advises and insists upon the various operations being performed at their proper tim: manner; and this ts found necessary. the free consent of the colored people. The planter in most Instances also keeps a store on his place, where the colored tenants arc allowed to have aranning ac- count in advance for their necessary supplies He | thus takes a certain amount of risk, and If the crop is failure he expects to lose because ‘he docs not expect his tonants to pay out of the following crop; in tact If he did bis people would probably leave him on the fail- ure of the crop. In this arrangement, which Is excellent and suited to he negro tenant, or renter as he ts in a good year, over and above his year's tho close of the season, cotton to the value 100 to $250, and in some cases even $350 or $400, This {x actual surplus from the year's labor. With that he can do what he ple: In the rice and sugar country they spend their wages pretty much in the sane way, and there ts no doubt that when some years ago wages were very high the amount of money they saved Was in their then condi- ton and habits a detriment to them, because it pro- duced an unsteadinoss tn thelr habits. Tt ts remarkable that almost universally tho rota- tions between the planter and his renters or hired em- ployés are kindiy and agreeable, The colored mao fecks the planter’s advice in all the relations of his lite, deposits his spare cash with itn, and in fact deals with hit as his friend, up to the point whore politics come tn, and there be shoots over to the other side without a moment's hesitation. Finally, it is my conviction that the Southern negrovs are on the whole the best body of peasantry, Jooking at them trom the ers’ und eeaplorers! viow, in the world. They are cheerful, sufficiently in- dustrreus, coxily led, as A rule seber, contented, and with sufficient skill to make thetr labor profitable to themselves and to those who employ them. The substitution of free for siave labor bas produced many important changes inthe Southern states. In the first place it has caused an astonishing growth of towns and villages, and increase in their number. The negro who grows ‘cotton or sugar has a good deal of money to spend, hence country stores have increased in number and & vast amount of money which under the old system was spent in the large cities or in the North is now circulated in the towns and villages. Moreover, formeriy aman wno had saved $1,000 bongnt a slave with the money. He now buys a house or a town lot White mechanies thus find far more employment in the South than they ever did under the old system, and society ts gradually taking on tho shape which 1 has in the Nort. It ought to be noticed that the only turmolt oF trou- ble in the South is politteal, How little it really effects industry te acen from the crops actually produced and sold; and I will add here that the Southern States ara, in my judgment, more prosperous at this time than | the Northern, There are tower persons there unem- loyed, the average earnings of the laboring class largor, the surplus produced in those States over and have before them and would enter immediately upon a career of unexamplec prosperity, Fow men at the North suspect how great is the undeveloped w the 1 as rich iasiserpp), the most fertile soil in the world, from which may be raised an immenee and as yet ansuspected variety of vwaiuable products, What is needed in such States as Louisiana or Mis- sissipp! to produce the necessary and settled condition of things ts mainly a reform ip the ¢ivil ser- vice, Tbe men who have misruled down there, whe have succeeded in banding the colored voters together, and thug iu massing upon one side ignorance, unthrift and political Fetition, have been for the most part federal office- re If this class of unscrupulous political gamblers were swept away, if in their pisses were appointed men who would do their duty faithfully and refrain from _ mixing thomselves in the focal the affairs o without further tr system be studied to so great op tates, and nowhere in the coun- try would the benefits of a thorough reform tn the civil service be so immediately conducive to ne and quiet and prosperity to all classes and to both races as there, . This was debated and its views generally concurred in by Eligur Wnght, Edward Atkinson, George Brad- ford, Dr. Howe and Professor Sumner, of Yale College. The latter believed that we tn the North should mind our own business severely. He was opposed to the in- terference by the federal politicians in the internal affairs of the Southern States, In the Jurisprudence moeting Professor Dwight read a’ paper on law schools, and D, B. Eaton one by Profes- sor Von Holtzendorf, ot Munieh, on legal education in Europe These were debated by C. A. Peabody, of New York; L. L. Delafield, Georgo Hadly, of Ohio: J. M. Barnard, of Boston, and othera, In the evening the Conterence of Charitics Joined with the Social Soience Association in debating the question of Chinese immigration, The debate com- menced with a letter, which was read by Mr. Sanborn, from F. B, Thurber, ot New York, who, while in San- investigated the question. He instanced of many charges mado against the Chinese, and scemed to view them favorably. D, A. Wells did not think the Chinese could assimi- late with our people any more than could the Latin and colored races, and said that they would nave to ive way in time. ° Professor Sumner spoke briefly and was followed by Mr. Linsley, of Oregon, who clearly tavorod the Cninese, and did not think any attempt to modify the Burlingame treaty practicable. He said:—‘Tho Chinese are beginning to vote, and tho question will be governed by that in time.” George Bradford, of Boston, was the noxt speaker and held eomewhat similar views. DEMOCRATIO COUNOIL, AN IMPORTAKT SESSION OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATS CENTRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The Executive Committee of the Democratic State Central Committee were to meet at noon yesterday in parlor 117 at the Metropolitan Hotel. About twenty minutes after twelve o’clock the members of the com- mittee gathered in room 101 and a general conversa- tion took piace, The committee was composed of Dantel Magone, Jr., of St, Lawrence county; John Kelly, of Now York; Allen C. Beach, of Jefferson county; Joseph Warren, of Erie county; William A. Fowler, of Kings county; L. B. Faulkner, of Livingston county; W. W. Gordon, of Delaware county; David Manning, of Albany county, and William Bookstaver, ot Chautauqua county, with Daniel S. Lamont, of Courtlandt, as acting Sccretary. Among the visitors were August Belmont, Jobn T. Agnew, General James B. Craig, Coroner Woltman, ea-Sheriff James O’Brien, General Spinola, Edward Cahill, of the State Central Committee; Mr. F, 1. Laflin, of Ulster county ; Sonator Schoonmaker, Hiram Calkins, ©. C. Childs, of West- chester; 8. T. Fairchild, of Madison; Oswald Otten- dorfer and others. Although it was well understood that the Executive Committee were to moet simply to organize for the conduct of the State campaign, it soon became evident that candidates for the nomination as Governor on tho Btate ticket to be made at Saratoga, on Wednesday next, wore bringing all their. influence to bear on the Executivo Committee, in the hope that their names would bo considered favorably by the Convention. Mr, August Belmont bad a long conversation with Mr. Jobn Kelly, urging the claims of Mr. Manton Marble, it was said. ' Another representative of the party presented the claims of Mr. Samuel D, Babcook, ident of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, urging that bis character, being unimpeachable, ho could, ag an old-time democrat and a favorite with the merchants of New York, walk over the track ahead of Marble, Morgan or Potter. It was conceded by ali the prominent politicians present that Mr. Potter was out of the race, Ever; West, of Lewis county, and Homer A. Nel: son, of Poughkeepsie, were brought lorward as possible candidates at the Saratoga Convention. Mr. Kelly heard all, but said nothing. The name of Judge William F. Ailen, of the Court of Appeals, was strongly urged, even ‘against the objections made that ho isin poor health and could not be induced to accopt. Tho gen- erally expressed opinion was that no name placed be- fore the last Convention asa candidate for the Guber- natorial chair should be brought up before the recalled Convention. Mr. Calkins said, in regard to the nomi- nation of Mr, Seymour when there was ne hope that he would acospt, shat the true story of that day bad not been told, It was really as follo did send a despatch to the effect that the C could go on and finish the ticket; but subsequent to the sending of that despatoh Mesars. Pree aud Fair- child saw Mr. Seymour, and from the Governor's own lips received his positive declination to be the candi. date of the party. Two despatches were then sent, one to Senator Kernan and the other to G 8. Fairchild, both of whom were at the Con- vention, to the effect that Mr. Seymour adhered to his resolve not to accept These despatches wero not re- ceived until after three o'clock, although we have proof that they were filed in Utica at ten minutes to ten o'clock. The Convention had adjourned and the delegates hat nothing coula be done. While I do not say that I credit the story, still 1 do not mind telling you that the suppression of the despatches is charged upon our political oppenents. That Gover- nor Morgan is possessed of large telegraphic interests 48 weil Know! General Craig was somewhat reticent. He had heard that Babcock's name had been suggested, but be had Bot been generally known asa politician, His record, commercially, was first class, and he was glad to know that he had always been a democrat. 1t was necessary to canvass his prospects as a nomince botore speaking. Mr, Calkins thought there might be some petitions at Albany signed by Mr. 8. D. Babeock that might bo used by the republican party against him. So the con- Yersation went on until twenty minntes before o1 o'clock P. M., when Mr. B ‘h requested all persons in the room, other than members of the Executive Committec, to withdraw. The doors were then closed and the committee or- ganized by placing Mr. Daniel Magone, Jr., chairman of the State Central Conmitteo, in the chair ex officio, Mr. Fairchild was made treasurer by virtue of his office as Treasurer of the State Central Committee, and Mr. ‘Apgar, Secrotary, In the absonce of Mr, Apgar, Mr. Daniol 8. Lamont acted as secretary. After a some- what protracted debate, showing, however, harmonious | feeling existing tn the Executive Committes, a resola- tion was passed appointing Messra, W. W. Gordon, of Delaware county, and Ailen C. Beach, of Jeflerson county, acommitiee on meetings and speake: Mr. Jobu Keliy, of New York, « committen of o1 designate headquart: Mr. Kelly said that untll next Tuesday night the headquarters his committee will be at Congress Hall, Albany. On Wednesday the committee will be at Saratoga, and after (he adjournment of the Convention the head. quarters will be established immediately at the cori of Fifteenth street and Broadway, the next corne! above Tiffany’s Until that time the address of tho Secretary will be at Congress Hall, Albany The com- mitteo then adjourned, THE POLITIOAL COMMITTEES, Yesterday was very dull day at the Republicas and Democratic National Committee rooms, At the Everett House, the democratic headquarters, there were few visitors. Those that did cali spoke very hopefully of tne campaign, and enthusiastically concerning the nomination of Charics Francis Adams Massachusetts. A democratic gain wi the Vermont election, and one gentleman proportionate gain in New York wold givo the party 160,000 majority, besides carrying a largo majority of the other Northern States. At the Fifth Avenue Hotel the Repubdiican Exec- ative Committee held a meeting and transacted routine business. It {8 claimed that the oom. ‘nation of Charles Francis Adams preciudes all hope for the democrats in Massachusetts. Mr. Henry Wood, of Cloveland, who called yesterday, stated that Ohio would give sure 10,000 majority for Hayes, Ho 0 stated that the enthusiasm in Cleveland was in- nse, TAMMANY GENERAL COMMITTEE, The Tammany Hall Genoral Committee met last night at the old wigwam, and there was a very large atten- dance in anticipation of something important being dot Augustus Schell presided. The committee ap- pointed to draft suitable resolutions on the death of Speaker Kerr, reported and offered to tho following effect:—That the democracy of the pation bave sustained a greatloss in the death of the Hon. Michael ©, ‘Kerr, Speaker of the House of Representatives; ‘that we tendor our deep sympathy to his family and friends in their aMiction. That the lifelong services of the distinguished statoman, his purity of life and conduct, his intelligent and consistent course as a legis- lator and his diness aga leader, as evinced by bis se- above What is hecossarily expended by the population | lection to preside over the deliberations of the first in living has been greater for several years than democratic House of «Represontat assembled in in an equally namerous Northern population, | eighteen years are worthy of grateful recognition by and if the discontent and resticssness which | the demvcracy. It is aiso matter of gratification that revail there, and which arise almost en'irely | the recent attempt made by his political opponents to yn preventable political causes, oducing | eharge bim with vonality in oflce so utterly failed and misrule, waste and extravagance in government, and encouraging rather than discouraging lawlessnoss—it | 801 1 saw would | wi Muse could be cnded the States whi racoiled with such force on tho hoads of thoae who to blast his spotioss fame The resolutions animously adopted. time, ina compound of seventy-five per cent nitric | told’ and twenty-dve per cent glycerine oi iets | claimed sor it by its discoverer, Mr. Alfred Nobel, an | engineer in the copper mines of Sweden—Firet, that it | | cannot be ignited by simple contact with firo ! sulphuric acid, phosphorus, and even me! THE HELL GATE DISASTER Story of a Person who Witnessed the Explosion, . BURIAL OF THE VICTIMS. Fearful Record of the Effects of Nitro-Glycerine. CHE INQUEST CONTINUED TO-DAY. ‘Yesterday was unusually quict at the government works at Hell Gate, 4 few visitors came and went, but tho stunning effects of Tuesday's catastrophe seemed still to pervade the place, On the scow where the accident occurred work was suspended during the entiro day, as the workmen had absented themselves to attend tho funerals of tho three men killed. A solitary watchman was seen on board, who busied himself in removing the traces of the accident, The scow lay in the same position as she did when tho event took place, and on her decks were piled up tho fragments of what had been the diving house, Bo far as 1s known none Of the uninjured who have been employed upon her have declined to continue work. Said ove of them to a Hsraup revorter yes- terday afternoon, “We are not alot of cowards, to ran away for something which may not occur again in a hundred years," In the shatts work was carried on as usual, nove of the workinen, save the nine o! Wednesday morning, having struck off. The Coroner's jury, whica adjourned over to-day on account of the funerals, will meet again this morning in the old ferry house. Now that it bas been dotermined in what manner the deceased, Doyle, transported tho glycorine to the scow, there will be little more for the jury to do, The wounded are all believed to be doing well. J: Peterson, who par- rowly escaped with a fow flesh wounds, says that he stood close by the explosion, but can give no idea of the manner in which it happened, AN BYR-WITKEMS’ STORY, It has been & question of considerable interest and importance to know*the exact means by which the explosivo material was ignited. Various thouries have Deen offered and discussed, but yesterday a Hunatp Teporter received the statement of one who witnessed the circumstances of tho catastrophe, This was Fran- cis Cofty, a carriage painter, who residos in Astoria, His story runs as follow: 1 was standing for a quarter of an bour previous to the accident upon the new derrick, about foet away from the scene, 1 was idly w: course of events on board the scow when I saw a mano, cernying a brown paper package, stop bolore the dogr of the diving house, I did not know who the man was, He laid the package down on tho corner of the deck opened it ‘Then 1 saw him take out one of the cans of glycerine ‘and hold it in both hands, as if examining it. je then took it in his left band, and with bis right began working upon tho stopper of ‘the can. seo exactly what he did to it, bat, upon tho instant, 1 heard a terrific explosion and was stunned by the shock. It seemed about two minutos before I realized what had taken place; thon I beard men calling for a boat, and the rest is pretty well known to everybody. This appears to be a satisfactory explanation of the method of the accident. There can be no doubt that tho man who directly caused it was Lurson, and that was atthe timo making some examination of the explosive. His right arm, with which he was operating in some way upon the stopper, was blown of entirely, and afterward found on an adjacent blacksmith’s shop, ‘The lower portion of his body was in close vicinity to the package lying upon the dock and was terribly mutilated. Beyond the facts above recited it is im- probable that any further particulars will be known as Baker found twelve cases of the explosive compound in a warehouse in Greeuwich street, Noa 56 and 68, and two more simply marked “G, M.,’’ at No. 68 Broad- way, where they had been sent for inspection, On the top floor of the drug department, piled carelessly away, were of similar boxes, with nothing to warn lumber about twenty inches in height and fourteen Inches long and twenty inches square, and had their corners protected by strips of zinc All these cases, were translerred to @ point beyond the city limits, and’ the owners made objection to this disposition of their property. When brought before Mayor Hoffman Messrs, Noble and Devoo deciarod that they were en- ed in ® legitimate business, put which, if found irimental to public business, would "have to be discontinued. fhey said that they bad sold the lot which bad exploded at the ex- Press office im San Francisco to a gentleman Damed Taylor, who, it is alleged, carried it to Califor- nia, bay it sately deposited in his berth on ship board, ence it was pneegnenuy, twansferred to tae place where it created suck 06. Alter the great explosion at San Fraucisco the disasters by the carelesa handling and use of pitro- glycerine continued in regular succession up to th Presont date, notwithstanding the repeated assurances of Ms manufactal both in court and in the news papers, thas it jd only be exploded under cer- tain > saeehees such as intense heat, violent concus- sion, &c, NEXT DISASTRRA, great deal of property was 1867, an explosion oc- and nino 6 were curred at South Berg pet ty thorougbly proved ly 13, Killed. At thie tim pret ‘shat the compound was ignited. In Belgium, Ju! 1868, an explosion of the same material took place, ‘but on the lst of October, 1868, a whole train of cars, on the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, was de- stroyed by the explosion of 1 aeeatind of the deadly staff which was being transport On October 26, 1868, an explosion took place on Doard a Sweuish frigate lying at Huoter‘s Point, und Several persons wore killed and injured. In South Petersburg, New Yor, February 2, 1569, a quantity of Bitro-glycerine exploded from careless handling On the 19th of March, 1869, Captain Hart and a sergeant found @ boat load of the compound concealed under @ wharf at the foot of Whitehall street, 1s was speedily conveyed beyond the city limits About thia time Dr. Harris, of tho Henlth Department, thought it necessary to write a letter to the Police Board regarding the transportation of nitro-glycerine and other expio through the city and tbe groat danger to be apprehended theroirom, On April 8, 1869, thero was an explosion at Hudson City, whe: eral persons were killed and injured. In Wales on July 13, 1869, jimilar explosion occurred, and on the 7th of October, 1869, a terrible expiosion took place in the Hoosac tunnel Most of these explosions, it was Judged, were caused by ignition In 1870 there was ‘8 manulactory of the compound at Ridgefield, N. J. ‘and an explosion took place injMarch of that year, and anotber in April, after which there was nothing left of thefxctory. Four lives were lost by these cxplosions. A quantity exploded in Sing Sing Prison on April 14, 1870, and two persons wore Killed. A large loss of I and property was caused by an explosion at Worces vn June, 24, 1870, irfort, Ohio, by Four persons were yy an explosion that took ember 2, 1870, and four more were ilied by a similar cause itn the Hoosar tunnel April 23, 1871, On November 2, 1872, fouc men wore killed by & nitro-glycerine explosion at Scrub Graus, Pa, and November 26, 1872, two men were killed at Yonkers. June 13, 1874, there wis a terrific explosion at Shroveport, La On January 9, 1875, an explosion at Pequamoch, N, J., caused great slarm throughout the neighboring country. AT BLACK TOM ISLAND, where the pitro-glycerine was taken from last Tuesday morning, five men were killed by an explosion on Janury 19, 1875, This oxplosion was caused by ignition and carelessness of the workmen. ‘Two men wero killed at North Aaams, Mass, by an expiosion, on January 27, 1876, ‘hero was one man killed and a building destroyed by an explosion which took place at St Potersburg, Pa, February 24, 1876, * At Washingtonville, Westchester county, three men were killed March 23, 1876. Thus the great mortality caused by the use of this dendly material rolls up. Hardly @ month in the year since its first introduc- tion but some disaster has been tho result, as stated before, of carelessness in uso or transportation, aud it shows conclusively what restrictions the authoritics should place on its manufacture and storage. But what restrictions should 0 placod on those con- tracters and others who nave to uso it in their bu: ess? Theomployer should maintain the strictest discipline among his employés in rogard to its use and ee method of its transportation be strictly watched by om. DELAWARE POLITICS, MBETING OF THE DEMOCRATIC STATE CORVEN- TION—A PARTY WHICH BELIEVES IN WHITE to the immediato cause of the explosion. Cofty states, however, that an unknown gontieman and lady stood near by him and mast also have witnossed the affair, BURIAL OF THE DEAD, Yesterday the last rites were performed over the bodies of the deceased workmen in tho presence of sor- row-stricken relatives and sympathetic fellow laborers, ‘The remains of John Doyle were conveyed at two o'clock fromm his late residence, at No, 197 Sackett street, Brooklyn, to 8t Stephen’s church, on the corner of treets, where arequiem high mass iy "Rei HY; He was afterward bash Cemetery. His wife and two chil- dren and a large procession of frionds followed his re- mains to the grave. The services over the boay of John Hickman took ast ten o'clock, in his house, No, 139 arg. The pastor of the Duteh Reformed chureh officiated, and the remains were interred in Cypress Hills Cemetery, East New York. The funeral ot Henry Lurson took place at one o'clock, from his lato residence in First avenue, be- tween 106th and 107th streets, New York city. THRKIDLE RECORD OF FORMER EXPLOSIONS. ico the advent of that destruetive compound, nitro-glycerine, into this country in 1865, the Hats long and repeated warnings of its 8, dly the nocossity of the por repea manofacture and tr: street, near Jay, called the attention to a box which was lying under the counter, ‘and from which smoke ond flames were {rsuiny. Togethor they managed to get the box out on the curbstone, and they were hardly inside the door of the hotel when a terrible explosion was heard. A deep ‘keeper's (Jobn Grogan’s) was made in the sidewalk where the box was Tho curbstone was torn away and thrown across the Wyoming Hotel d about twenty persons in the hotel and its v re more or less injured by fragments of glass and stones thrown up by the e: plosion. The box that caused this terribie commotion contained several of mitro-glycerino, but it was not till the following day that the people who unded of the general public of | New York knew of the existence of any such deadly compound till enlightoned by tho HeRaub on Novem- ber 7. The box had been leit in the hotel by a former guest named Theodore Zeers, who left it under the counter when ho went away, and {t had been used as a toot rest on which to black boota for some time, and was actually in use for thet purpose by Mr. Mersereau on the morning of the explosion. Nitro-glycorime, as is pretty well known by this will not decompose it at the ordi third, it can bear 212 degrees of b but explodes at about 360; fourth, it possesses an exploding power thirteen to fificen times greater than gunpowder; fifth, having @ specitic weight of 150, it can be used undor water. A great many of these claims, especially as to its igni- tion by contact with fire, have’ Ween disproved of late, as in many instances workmen near where it was stored have been smoking, and mo other causo could bo given for some of these explosions than the care- lessness of the workmen in throwing lightod matches or allowing the sparks (rom their pipes to scatter about Careless handling, however, has deen the pri cipal cause of all the explosions, On April 17, 1866, ot, nitro-glycerine occurred e’clock in San Francisco, Wi building, which shook the earth like an earthquake for a circle of a quarter of a mile. Ten persons were Killed, among them Samuel Knight, supefintendent of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, G, W. Beli, Super- visor and Assayer, and Mr. Wallub, Wells, Fargo & Co.'s assayer, and twenty other persons were seriously injured. This explosion also dostroyed the greater part of @ block of buildings and resuited in the damage of property to the amount of $200,000 On this casion the explosion was caused by concussion in opening a leaking box of the compound, whieh tI ow! refused to receive in & condition, Pre- ‘vious to this date, on April 3, ho 4 far moro ter- rible catastrophe took place at Aspinwall, when seventy cases Bitro-glycerine were ploaed. it nty persons were killed and wounded and over $1,000,000 worth of property destroyed. The steamer Kuropean arrived at Aspin- wall with a large cargo for ali parte of the Pacific and Isthmus; on the following morning at seven o'clock, when, had tbe train for Panama started on time—-hall- past éix A. M.—all of those employed on tue wharf and in the freight house would have been attending to their respective duties, the explosion occurred. The deten- Vion of the train was the salvation of very many lives, but as It was the loss of life waa feartul, pearly all in the vicinity of th killed outright o: wounded. Tho steamship Europ: and the Panama Railroad Compan; y's Aspinwall were completely destroyed at this time. An Investigation was ordered and tho manufacturer, Otto j Barsterbinao, was tried in the United States Commis- sioner’s Court for shipping explosive material without marking it as such. The city authorities of New York also took active measure in regard to the storage of nitro-giyserine in New York and tts vicinity and the following letter was gent by Mayor Hoffman to Firo Marsba! Baker:— Maron's Orric, New York, April 20, 1868. ending ti naniity of ‘nitro-glycerine ts ty in one or more places, I have to re een in which with, nder: ‘hi ing and controlling the nee with instructions Fire Marshal Raker MEN ONLY—HOPELESS DIVISION AMONG THE BEPUBLICANS—THE STATE ASSURED TO THE DEMOCRATS. Dover, Sept. 7, 1876, The mecting of the Democratic State Convention here to-day practically opens the campaign in this State, With the result of the lato elections in New- castle county afew days since, where a democratic victory last fall was changed to a republican majority of over 1,000, the judicious use of money in Sussex county, where votes are openly bartered upon the day of election, and a united republican party, Delaware would be, to say the least, a doudtful state; but she is now sate for the democracy. The Convention organ- jaed by selecting ex-Congressman B. F. Biggs chair- man, and immediately proceeded to renominate James Williams, tho present Congressman, THR ELECTORS, The following were chosen clectors:—Newcastle county, J. H, Rodney; Kent, W. H. Sharp; Sussex, James W. Willers, THR RESOLUTIONS. A series of resolutions were reported, arraigning the Tepublican party and the administration of General Grant, and especially denouncing the recent instruc- tions of Attorney General Taft to the United States marsnala. Tho democratic party of thir State claim: to be and isa simon puro white man’s party, and do not recognize tne colored man at all in the capacity of ‘a voter, and the Committee on Resolutions having for- gotten the white plank the Convention was in a fover until James L. Walcott, of Dover, amid applause, offered the following, which was unanimously adopied:— THE WHITE MAN'S PARTY, Rosolved, That we are and always have been in favor of the white inen of the country controlling this government, ‘we appeal with confidence to the white voters \ccoss of the principles in the foregoing resolu- This is only carrying out the principles of the party in this State. AS ex-Congressman and now Mayor Whitely, of Wilmington, said only a year ago, “We {the democrats) believe in @ white man’s government And hope yet to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth mendments things of the past, ’? THR REPCBLICAN PARTY In the State ts hopelessly divided, District Attorney Fisher, of Washington, leading one faction, and tne editor of the Wilmington Commercial the other, and the only contost of avy importance in the State will be at among the democrats between Senator Eli Sauls- bury and ex-Governor Gove for the Cnited torship, In the selection of legislators it understood, howevor, that Eli will withd: indeed, already made a bargain with the Governor by which he (Gove) will go to the Senate. Genoral Samuol F. Cary bas addressed a lengthy letter to the people of the United States on the cur- Tency question, in pursuance of the promise mado tn his letter of acceptance to the Greenback Convention, General Cary lays the whole of the prolonged stagna- ton of business to the chargo of the large capitalists, bonaholders of the government, and money dealers, who Dave devised, and induced the Congress of the United States to enact a series of measares with special ref- erence to their own self-aggrandizement, and with the rosult of robbing the producing classes of their honest earnings, aud their legitimately acquired property. Tho whole letter is a development of this charge, It concludes as toliows:— you afe in tavor of a circulating medium issued exclusively by the federai government, a fuil legal ten- der for all purposes, and by judicial legislation kept equal to coin in its purchasing power under all cir- cumstances; if you aro :n favor of the total suppres. sion of all bank issues designed to circulate as moncy ; Mf you aro in favor of the restoration of the silver dol- lar as a legal tender for the payment of ali debts, the platform and candidates of the independent greenback party alone give you an opportunity to express your lot box. y and willing to continue the sway of the monoyed oligarchy composed of the capitalists of Europe and of this country you can vote for your old parties respectively, for they have both alike surron~ derod to it domination, Their plattorms are just as the money lords would have them. “The independent party has no consolidated organ- ization, no oilico-holders or office-seekers, nor banks nor bondholders to contribute money to carry on a canvass. It relies upon the integrity of ite prin- ciples and the intelligence of the oppressed masses to carry its standard in the contest. “Even @ temporary deteat can be borne with com- placency, as ultimate victory is a8 assured as the per- Petuation of free government. THE GREENBACK PEOPLE. A call will be iesued in this city to-day by tho green- back democracy of this State, which sent a dologation to the St. Louts Convention, for a State Vonvention to meet at Albany on Tueeday, the 26th inst. The independent greenback party, which got up the late mase mecting at Cooper Institute, and which had intended to issue a cail for a State convention to mect in Albany on Wednesday, the 20th inst., to nominate a State ticket and Presidential clectors, will iseuo its call for the 26th Inat., u both conventions will be in Session at the same time. Tho greenback leaders announce their intention to o make an investigation, and he found th i Mr. James Devoe were engaged cérin® in the old country Dinstiag maxposes, Mr. ta manafacturing and shinving it to thi ran complete nt Nolary, Assembly and Von. gresstonal tiokete | ia thas ony ana 7 thet, they will make the labor anestion the math tame in the comrasa THE SERVIAN W. Sudden Defeat of the Servians at Kniazevatz and Saitschar. TURKISH BOMBARDING. The Army of the Timok Ontgeneralled and Caused to Retreat. Osman Pacha’s Determination to Kill All the Servian Wounded and Prisoners, Bercraps, August 14, 1876 I was relating the abominable acts of which the ‘Turkish soldiers have been guilty after recont engage ments when my letter of the 10th was closed, In the presence of theso heart-sickening atrocities on tw: special occasions General Leschanine sent letters to Osman Pacha asking permission in all future engage- ments to have his wounded brought off the field, ofer- ing, of course, to allow the Turks the same privilege without molestation. Osman Pacha, upon whom the Turks invoke tho blessings of Allah and on whom the Servians burl the maledictions of all civilized people, simply tore up the first note in the face of the bearer, and when the second came he called the messenger in front of his tent and told him he would allow him to return this time, but that if ho ever brought asother message that would be tho last he would ever carry on eof the grave, In view of Osman’s throat and the shadows of events by no means uncertain, the wounded Servians at this place, to the number of about 300, wero sent forward to Milanovatz, a little villago to the north, situated on the Danube. The Sur- geon General of the Army of the Tinok, Major Leutz, showed usa pecullar collection of rifle balla which had been extracted from the wounded, Through the centre of the ball is a small piece of wood impregnated with a potsonvus substance, the character of which had not yet been ascertained, which gave to wounds, otherwise g, the gravest character, rendering all the usual medical remedies perfectly futilo, Men diea by dozens in great agony, although their wounds were apparentiy of the most manageable nature. Of course, it will be remembered that Turkey was admitted to the ST, PETERSBURG HUMANITARIAN CONVENTION, signing tho engagement, with other Powers, not to use explosive and poisonous balls, With reference to the Geneva Conference, as tu the treatment of men wounded in battle, of which she was also a member, she abso- lutely violates every principle contended for by the Powers, by butchering the wounded as they lay on the fioid and mutilating the dead until every sign of recog- nitton has been destroyed, At Alexinatz we examined a number of projectiles, similar to thoso at Saltschar, clearly showing thoy are issued to the whole army, Already incendiaries and assassins, the Turks assume the accomplishment of poisoners, Early the next day we beard the roaring of cannon in thedistance. Fight ing was going on to the south of us, at Kniazovata ‘They were then deciding the fate of Saitschar. Tho situ- ation was becoming interesting, and wo decided to stay and see it out, We again climbed up the hilisides with the view of re-oxamining the positions, and the fame evening our batteries on the heights bogan to answer the Turks; but it was a faint response to the heavy fire of the enemy. Sudsequently two despatches reached Leschanine—one announcing that our forces bad captured Mramor; that, in fact, a few volunteers, without the knowledge of Tchernayeff, had gone over and taken the placo; the other stated plainly enough that there was not the faintest hope of retaining Kniazevatz, and that the downfall of Saitechar could only be averted by some grand Turkish blunder or the mterposition of Providence, But the worst soon came, Tho following morning the Turks under Osmau Pacha commenced a feebio BOMBARDMENT OF SAITSCHAR, Woaw the great. frequent flashes, then volumes ef smoke and incessant vibrations, but the firing at frst seemed wild and uncertain, We scarce heeded it, and sat at tho door of our meana in company with some of the staff officers listening to the whistling and oxplod- ing of the shella Tho Turktsh artillery gave us but small concern, for it scemed like the unskilled fring of a number of rough recruits, who could only strike church by accident, This sport was kept up fora while, then ceased suddenly. Tho Turks wore about to take a siesta! A rapid round was given from one of our batteries on the heights, but it was not answored, ° During tho night the skirmishes wore very rare, for it requires an amount of skill and oxperionce to fight as nigit, whieh neither side in this struggle possess. This luttie ‘bombardment, however, was like the prelude to the FINAL STORMING OF KNIAZEVATZ, Horvatowitch resisted the strong forces of Abdal Kerim tor tour hours, and had finally retreated to the defile in front of Banya. Instantly this news was made koown the situation at Saitschar wal considered hopeless. and we at once got ready to quit, Our first thought was how to got away, We no longer the steeds of the posta to trust to, We hunted through Saitschar, and finally succeeded in finding a man who had a miserable looking cart, and he agreed to drivo us to Boljeratz, about hait way to Paratchin. We loft Saitschar at two o’clock in the atternoon, and as we passed over the hills, distant a few miles only from our recent meana, we could see that the place was in flames, eviaently fired to prevent its occupation by Osman’s hordes. As wo passed through Labnitza we found but a few Old Defenders, who were expoctin orders to retreat every moment. As we journo: forward the constant roaring of artillery convinced us that there was heavy fighting in our rear, an re ng also from some peouliarly dull detonations that jarge bodies of infantry were climbed a bigh bill in oraer to ascertain whi came from. From this point wo could seo th battle ground. The Turkish camp to tho right before Saitschar stood out in bold relief, and wo could seo their hurry- ing columns coming down tn tho direction of the burn- ing town. Tho fighting was going on flercely to the right of the Tin:ok Valley, Hero the flashes of artil- lery and of carbine volleys wero ifcessant, and the smoke seemed wafted high above the hills, forming in vast white masks of clouds, Woe saw tho flank of the Turkish army wheel round andin a few minutes per- coived they were STORMING THE VILLAGE OF GREHYAN, a! nily master of all the surrounding ight of tho Timok, for we could see ot fire he d there as if they were burning the outlying farms; and soon after saw a huge conflagration—the burning of the village propor. The entire valley from Kniazevatz to Grebyan, and conse- quently the pass of Vratarnitza was now evidently in their powor. Another part of the Turkish army bav- ‘ng destroyed and passed Kniazevatz, were then seen coming down the valley with the evi« dent desire of cutting off Leschanino’s retreat, Leschanine had by this time scen how impossible it would be for his forces to hold tho ground he had occu- pied to the rear of Saitschar, and the hasty movementa of Servian artillery indicated a rapid, irregular retreat, Now the wholo country around seemed bathed in fire, Dense masses of black smoke rose into the air in all die rections, pierced toa groat hoight by darting flames, like the flashes of lightning through the murky eloudp in a storm, THE THUNDERS OF ARTILLERY had become fainter and fainter, but it was evident from the incendiarism we witnessed that the irresponsible hordes of Basbi-bazouks and Tcherkess brigands were committing greater havoc than the rogular army, The whole valley was overrun, and in case unfortunate tam- thes had taken refuge in the woods, they were doubt less despatched by the cutthronts with the usual amount of barbarism inculcated by their teachers of the Koran, Suddenly the noise of the cannon ceased e1 trely. The Turks had decided not to attack Leschan- ine’s fortified positions, and wei ALLOWING HIM TO RETREAT uietly to the north by the road leading to Brestovats, p to this time we had been travelling through a de- serted country, Every farm house, every little ham. let, was closed. All at. once, however, we overtook a number of farmers in full flight, They had their aged and children in the rude carts known to this region, sitting on bedding and other articles which wero deemed indispensable, and were driving before them thoir flocks of sheep and goats, kine, &o, There waa great auxioty to know it the Basht-vazouks wero fol. Jowing, and the assurance that they were overru: their old homes in the beautifal Timok Vailey seer to fire them with hatred and an impulse to push ward out of the reach of the assaszins, When we a1 rived at the Bolgeratz 1s was quito dark. The street were crowded with refugees and cattle. so much so that Wo could scarcely drive through. We were tired and hungry, and bad great difficulty in securing oither sup. per or a bed. Finally we succeeded in getting quarters ata meana occupied by some Servian oilicers, who had Seren estore. oe {rom Paratchin. | We made « poor » and went to bed to awalt ences the following day, a ae WILLIAM H, LEWIS DISCHARGED, The chief clerk of the District Attorney signs the following statement in rolation to the case of Maria oven vs. W. H. Lewis and wifo:—The defondants in the above entitled case were, on September lscharged, for the reason (hat the complainant tates hat she baa learned from her busband that he took the property and she faseomee is satisded that the above defendants arg)