The New York Herald Newspaper, July 26, 1876, Page 3

ESE STANLEY. The Great Explorer Heard From After a Year’s Silence. FIVE LEPTERS FROM CENTRAL AFRICA. Yoyages on the Great Lake Victoria Niyanza. STANLEY ESCAPES MASSACRE. He Beturns Reinforeed and Punishes the Treacherags Bumbirehs. PRON VICTORIA «TO ALBERT —NIVANZA. Marching at the Head of the Spearmen of Uganda. EXPLORING THE GREAT DIVIDE. Gambaragara and Its Pale- Faced Inhabitants. UP THE KAGEERA VALLEY. A Land of Lakes and Hot ’ Mineral Springs. e THE MARCH TO UJIJI. The Plans ter Completing the Gredt- Exploration of the Nile Sources, OLD FATHER NILE. The Sources of the Fertilizing Flow to the Land of Egypt. DESCRIPTION OF THE UPPER NILE. The Great Unexplored Region Westward of Albert Niyanza. A GRAND FIELD FOR DISCOVERERS. [SPRcIAL DESPATCH TO THE HERALD BY CABLE. ] Lonpow, July 25, 1876. ‘The following is a summary of what the London Daily eles . prints to-morrow, giving an epitome of the despatches just received from the long miss- Ing leader of the New York Henatp and London @Saily Telegraph exploring expedition in Central Airica, Henry M. Stanley. THE GREAT EXPLORER HEARD FROM. We are rejoiced to announce that copious de- Spatches, containing the fullest information of Stanley’s movements and adventures in the wild regions around Lake Victoria Niyanza, have reached as, After a long and anxious waiting since the receipt of the last intelligence of the great explorer m June, 1875, during which doubt and uncer- tainty as to his safety caused many to abandon ul hope of his return to civilization, Stanley has surprised us with not less than five letters from the reart of Equatorial Africa, full of the most import- int and interesting description of that region and of his own perilous and dificult journeyings that has reached us since he announced the discovery of Livingstone. THE FIRST LETTER. This despatch bears date July 29, 1875, and was written at Mahyiga Island, in Lake Victoria Niyanza, and describes the explorer’s voyage from King Mtesa’s territory at the northern end of Lake Vic- toria Niyanza, where Stanley had been visiting the King, back to the camp at Kayehijc. A NARROW ESCAPE FROM MASSACRE. In the course of this voyage across the lake Stan- fey and his party narrowly escaped from being mas- sacred by the savage and treacherous natives of Bumbireh, a large island on the western side of Lake Victoria Niyanza. SKILL AND COURAGE OF SPANLEY AND HIS MEN. The expedition was saved from destruction during the savage attack only by the skill and courage of Btanley and his faitnful band of followers, who, by the observance of discipline and the effective use of their superior arms, beat off the treacherous na- tives. “A STORMY AND ADVENTUROUS VOYAGE. ‘While on the lake the expedition encountered gev- eral heavy storms, which at times threatened the frail canoes with destruction. All the party, how- ever, arrived safely at the camp, after experiencing the most remarkable adventures. THE SECOND LETTER. + ‘The second letter from Stanley is‘written from the fake shore town of Dumo, in Uganda, and is dated August 15, 1875. Here the explorer had established his camp on the main land, but within easy access to the lake. THE VOYAGE To UKEREWE. From Mahyiga Stanley made an expedition across the lake to Ukerewe Island, at its southern ex- tremity, from whence he recrossed the lake again toward the region of Uganda, the whole expedi- tion being transported in canoes. HR WHIPS THE BUMBIREH SAVAGES, During the return voyage Stanley inflicted a se- vere punishment upon the treacherous savages of Bumbireh for the attack made upon his expedition, as mentioned in the first letter. The second letter narrates all the incidents of these exciting voy- ages. THE THIRD LETTER. Tie next letter from Stanley is written from Kawanga, on the frontiers of Unyoro, and is dated January 18, 1876. A GREAT MARCH FROM LAKE TO LAKE. ‘The letter describes the march of the gallant ex- plorer from King Mtesa’s capital across the country to the eastern shore of Lake Albert Niyanza. STANLEY'S ARMY. ‘This merch was made at the head of a large army, j within the last fifteen years, we have the solution to composed of Stanley’s own force and the spearmen, of Uganda. THE ENCAMPMENT. ‘The army encamped on the shores of Lake Albert Niyanza at Unyampaka, and after some delay again Tecrossed the country to King Mtesa’s, where Stan- ley arrived on the 18th of January, the day he for- warded his third letter, TH RESULT OF THE gXPLORATIONS. All the three letters contain particulars of the highest geographical and ethnological value. Stanley twice traversed the country Kabbarega and visited .but did not navigate Lake Albert Niyanza, WHY GESSI FAILED TO FIND STANLEY. This land exploration by Stanley in his march be- tween the lakes and his short stay on the lake shore explains why Gessi, of Gordon’s force, who sailed on Lake Albert Niyanza in April last, heard nothing of the expedition. THE FIRST EXPLORER. Henry M. Stanley is therefore the first explorer who has penetrated the unknown regions lying be- tween Lakes Victoria and Albert Niyanza, and surveyed their mysterious recesses with the eye of the scientific traveller. A RBMARKABLE MOUNTAIN. Towering above this vast expanse is the remarka- ble mountain Gambaragara, which Stanley thor- oughly explored, and discovered among its gh upiands A PALE FACE TRIBE, who inhabit this wonderful region, forming a diifer- ent race of people to the black skinned denizens of the plains. is BEATRICE GULF. Stanley christens the large inlet of the Albert Niyanza, on which he encamped with his army, Beatrice Gulf, in honor of the Princess of England’s royal house, ” ‘THE FOURTH LETTER. The next letter from Stanley is dated March 26, 1876, from Kanfurro, and relates the story of his final departure from Uganda. YURTHER EXPLORATIONS. It also gives particulars of his exploration of the Kageera River, which flows into Lake Victoria Ni- yanza, on its west side. It further describes the ex- Ploration of Captain Speke’s Lake Windermere apd the hot springs of Karagwe. A VALUABLE MAP. Stanley forwards with this despatch a sketch map, showing the hitherto unmapped portion of the Victoria Niyanza, giving the coast line from the mouth of the Kageera River on the west to that of the Shimeeyu River on the south. THE PIFTH LETTER. This latest despatch is dated from Ubagwe, in Unyamweze, April 24, 1876, and gives further details of the explorations of the inter-lacustrine region and of Stanley’s southward march toward UjijL PLANS FOR NEW JOURNEYS. From Ujiji Stanley proposes to revisit Lake Al- bert Niyanza by way of Lake Tanganyika and make a thorough exploration of the former basin. AMPLY SUPPLIED. Stanley’s last letter was despatched when he was within fifteen days’ march of Ujiji, where he doubtless arrived last month. He is amply supplied with men and means sufficient to enable him to solve the great probiem still left open to his un- daunted courage and splendid gifts as a traveller. STANLEY AND HIS WHITE COMPANION WELL. It will gratify all your readers to know that Stan- ley mentionsdn his_Jetters that his whfte friend, Frank Pocock, is well, and that Lis own health is un- impaired. GENEBAL EXPLANATION OF OUR MAP. The map which we submit to our readers this morn- ing embraces, as far as known, the grand old river Nile, its basin and tributary streams, from its utmost sources dowu to the junction of the Atbara. From this point, following its windings down the narrow valley which it has created and fertilizes, the course of the river, without a tributary, is some 1,600 miles through a roasting and rainless desert to the Mediterranean sea, This, the Egyptian Nile, which is not given in our map, the Nilo of the ancient Ezyp- tians, Persians, Greeks and Romans, is the oldest and the grandest in being the creator and builder of all the wonders of Egypt. We omit this old bistoric Nile be- cause 11 is below the field of the modern Nile explora- tions and discoveries. which we are here considering. ‘The object of our map is to give to our readers a bird's-eye view of all these recent Nile discoveries over the general fleld of exploration, a fleld larger in area than all the territory of the United States east of the Kocky Mountains. In these Nile discoveries, the civilized world of TUM MYSTRRIES OF FIVE THOUSAND YEARS, These mysteries or problems which have thus becn practically solved were, First—The sources of the Nile; Second—The sources of the aunual Egyptian inun- dation; Third—The sources of supply of the heavy, unfailing and inexhaustible stream of the Egyptian river, flowing through a burning and rainiess desert, and without a tributary for full 1,700 miles, TUR ANNUAL INUNDATION OF EGYPT ceased to be a mystery to the inhabitants of Cairo and | to the world with the publication of Sir Samuc Baker's “Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia.” In bis expe- dition to Abyssinia, up the Atbara river, ia 1861-02, while yet in the desert or prairie lowlands, over one hun, dred miles from the western front of the lofty Abyssinian mountains and tablelands, he was, one night in June, hurried out of his tent, which he had pitched on the dry bed of the river, by the alarming ery from his faithful Arabs of Babe!” “ni Babr!’”’—“The river!” “The river!” He heard a heavy rumbling noise, like distant thunder, momentarily becoming heavier aud louder and approaching nearer, and bis Arabs knew what it was. Hastily, then, ascending the river bank to the saie ground of the plain with his wife, atteudants and movaviea, and settling down for the remainder of the night, the fusemated expiorer, in a joyous frame of mind, awaited tho return of day tor a satisfactory answer to the starting cry which had | hurried Bim from the dry bed of the exhausted river. And hisjoy may be imagined when the morn- ing light, Im a new and exhiiarating atmosphere, revealed to Baker the “wonder of the desert’’ in tho life-giving and ferulizing inundation rolling down ‘the Atbara, en route to Egypt. The tlood had come down like a tidal wave from the Abyssinian mountaing and what was the dry bed of an exhausted river had been covered during the night with a swelling, rushing stream of twenty feet in depth and five hundred yards wiae. Here, then, the secret was disclosed of the annual life-giving overfiow of the raioloss but rich and fruitful vailey of Egypt. Turning to our map the reader will cbserve that the Atbara and the Blue Nile, through many tributary streams, drain most of (he extensive mountainous | reyion of Abyssinia, The easterly vernal winds which sweep over that country are heavily laden with enor- mous masses of vapor drawn from that great boiler, the | Indian Ocean, These clouds, Striking the cold at- mosphere of the Abyssinian mountains, are condensed | thereon in heavy showers of rain through a period | of three months, aud from these absorbing rains descend, through the Blue Nile and the Atbara, the Egyptian inundation. Sir Samuel Bak however, discovered from his observations of both | streams that the Atbara, or Black River, is the maln source of this inundation and of the annual ferulizing deposit of the rich bottom Jands of the Egypuan Valley, Hence, through 4,000, nay, doubtiess, through 6,000, years and more of constant cultivation, the uo- exhausted fervility of Egypt ‘fo the same explorer, Baker, we are indebted for the solution of the second wouder or mystery of the Lower Nile—us ample and unfailing st im through all the year without any visible source of supply, and sub- Ject to a ceaseless and extraordinary evaporation from NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JULY 26, 1876.~TRIPLE SHEET. the intense heat of the rainless deserts through which it flows, and to a heavy absorption by the hungry soil and used by thousands of water wheels for irrigation and supplying the wants of millions of men and animals, Whence this vast and unfailing supply of water? The Spring rains of Abyssinia furnish the Egyptian overflow, but little or nothing more; for while the Atbarais a dry river bed for most of the year the Blue Nile, in tho dry season, is nearly exhausted, THE UNFAILING STREAM OF THE NILE comes from its great equatorial basin and the beavy rains of the equatorial rainy belt of the earth, and these supplies are drained into the main river, cr White Nile, from a thousand lakes and flowing streams. From the tenth degree of north latitude to as tar south as the fifth degree south of the line this equatorial Tainy besin of the Nile embraces an aroa of at least 800,000 square miles, and over large districts of this basin the annual rainfall is five times that of the At- lantic slope of the United States, Turning again to our map wo call tho reader's at- tention to the drainage of this equatorial basin, from the largo river Sobat on the east, the Babr-el-Ghazal on the west side of the main river, and those great equa- torial reservoirs, the Victoria aud Albert lakes and their fecders, only a few of which aro set dowm. Thus the problem of tho sources and supplies of the unfail- ing stream of the Lowor Nile is tully accounted for, considcring tho enormous rainfall of the equatorial basin of the rivi Its channel, indeed, is not equal to the immense volamoe of water thus supplied, for, per- baps, over half of it ig lost in the marsby expanses of the upper river and its numerous tribataries, resulting from their rank aquatic vegetation. In opening and in keeping open these river chamnols the Nile through Egypt may, doubtless, be increased to one-third beyond its present volume through all the seasons of tho year. Having settled the questions of the sources of this wonderful river, and of the annual Egyptian inunda- tion, and of the never-failing main stream, we have only now to note what has been done in recent explor a- tions toward the discovery of FOUNTAIN HEADS OF THE NILE. Speke, in 1862, believed he had found the head spring of the river m that magnificent equatorial lake, the Victoria Niyanza. Baker believed that with his dis- covery in 1864 of the beautiful mountain-bound twin lake, the Albert Niyanza, the question was scttled; and for a time the scientific world appeared satigfed with this confirmation of the traditions of the ancient Greeks. But then came doubts as to the tributaries of those great lakes, particularly of the Albert Niyanza: of the southern limits of which nothing was known. And then, with that most remarkable event in history of these Nile explorations, THE FINDING OF LIVINGSTONE, new complications and probabilities touching the head eprings and streams of the Nile were added to the doubts connected with the unexplored southern extension of the Lake Alvert Niyauza. During the years in which he was lost to the outside world Livingstone, west of the basin of the great Lake Tanganyika, had been en- gaged in the exploration of a vast interior system of springs, lakes and rivers, the general drainage of which, he believed, was discharged through tho Lualaba River into the Nile, or through Lake Albert or the Babr-el-Ghazal. The result of these explorations, as laid down by himself, are given in our map, and as thus laid down the old explorer was certainly justified in his conclusion that his Lualaba River was the main stream of the Nila So frm in this Conviction was the venerated chiet of ex- plorers the wilds of Africa that ho died with it ‘When set upon his feet again at Ujiji, and restored to strength, and again equipped for active service, through the timely rescue and fraternal attentions of Stanloy, no time was lost by Livingstone tn resuming his work of determining the drainage of bis great interior basin and the destination of his Lualaba River, To do this work thoroughly he recommenced it gn that southern summit level of the African interior which divided the basin of the Zambezi River trom that of the Lualaba, So it was that, when it was supposed that ho had gone to determine the destination of the Lualaba, from the point whero in his preceding expedition he bad been compelled to leave it from exhaustion, he was many hundred miles south, dying in the marshy and malari- bus region of Lake Bangueolo, From the death of Livinggtone wo are next called to LIRUTENANT CAMEKON’S EXPLORATIONS inthe same Geld, After having attended to the re turn of Livingstone’s remains a thousand miles through the savage wilds of Africa to Zanzibar, en route to England, Lieutenant Cameron undertook the discovery of the outlet of Lake Tanganyika, which Livingstone had failed to find. With Stanley the Doc- tor had made an expedition to the northern end of this lake, and, finding there a strong river from the north flowing into it, they concluded that the outlet of the lake was at its southorn extremity anda tributary of the Zambezi River. But Lieutenany Cameron, in a caroful circumnavi- gation of Lake Tanganyika, found its outlet on the west side, at or near the point where it is marked on our map, and with this discovery he at once concluded that this stream was not carried by the Zambezi into the Indian Ocean, nor by the Nilo into the Mediter- ranean Sea, but by the Lualaba into the Congo, and thence into the Atlantic, Livingstone’s opinion to the contrary notwithstanding. To settle this question by actual exploration CAMERON'S OVARLAND JOURNEY TO THE ATLANTIO from Lake Tanganyika was undertaken. Finding it impossible, however, to follow the line of the Lualaba from the want of canoes and from the hostiliy of a native chief, Cameron, from Nyangwe, divorged to the southward to the eleventh degree south latitude, and thence southwestward to the Atlantic, coming out at Benguela, along way south of the mouth of the Congo, But while the course of the Lualaba thus remains unsettled, it is settled from Cameron's ru- merous astronomical observations that, as this river is nearly 1,000 teet at Nyangwe below the level of the Nile at Lake Albert, the Lualaba or Lomanre cannot possibly be the Nile, and can hardly be any other river than the Congo, And yet, from the signs on our map, it may be another river flowing into the Atlantic north of the Congo, and such was the opinion of Schwein- furth, But in establishing the fact that Livingstone’s into- r system of lakes and rivers does not belong to tho | Nile basin, but is drained imto the Atlantic, another fact is establishea—viz., that STANLEY 148 DISCOVERED THE HEAD STREAM OF THE NILE, ‘and that it is the River Shimooyu, rising between the fourth and fifth degrees south latitude and flowing northwest into the Victoria Lake, If this were 4 small stream it might be properly rejected, and the | Victoria Lake would be as fairly pronounced the foun- tain head of the Nile as Lake Superior is recognized as the head of the St, Lawrence River. But the Shimeeyu being a considerable stream of some 400 or 500 miles in length it must Bo recognized, and its discovery as the head stream of the Nile belongs to Stanley. Cut off from Livingstone’s basin, the drainage of Lake Albert, excepting the volume from the Victoria, is comparatively limited, Mhough it receives the con- tributions of namerous torrents from the bordering range of mountains on the west, rising at several points from 8,000 to 10,000 feot above the sea, THR ESTARLISHED NILE BASE excluding the great Lake Tanganyika and the whole chin of lakes to which this lake belongs, is clearly de- fined in our map, It embraces tho Shimeeyu River, the Victoria and Albert lakes, the Babr-el-Ghazal, with its numerous tributaries on the west side, and the Ashua, the Sobat, the Blue Nile and the Atbara or Black River on the east side, From all these sources the drainage of the Nile down to @e mouth of the Al- bara covers an area of some 1,200,000 square miics, a basin in extent surpassing that of the Mississippi, leaving out of tho estimate the 1,600 or 1,700 miles of the rain- jess valley of the Egyptian River. But while the limits of this great river basin are determined and its general drainage, MUCH YRT REMAINS UNKNOWN as to the rivers, lakes, valleys, plains, mountains, cli- mate and people of large sections of this great bisin, First, the boundaries of the basin of the Albert Lake and of tho lake {tself aro undetermined, but as tho task of settling them has been undertaken by Stavley he will doubtless complete it in a careful circumuavi- gation of the lake, Next, on the east side of the Nile, between the third degree south latitude and the tenth degree nortn lati- tude, in one direction, and in the other, betweea iho Nile and the chain of mountains which, a nundred miles or more trom the coast, runs parallel with the Indian Ocean, we have an unexplored region of 900 miles in length and trom 400 to 500 miles wide, which is drained into the Nile, The reader will observe that the lakes and rivers laid down on our map in this | region are mosuy conjectural and that larse biauks that the western branch, heretofore un- known, is believed to be free from tho | cataracts which have obstructed navigation on the main stream hitherto explored. Should | and with @ good current, goes norihwest, und the na- | uves say are lett therein, to be filled by the future explorer. Within this vast district we have no doubt that the future European or American explorer will be re- warded for his labors by TUB MOST IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES. ‘The chain of mountains we have indicated, from the lofty snow-crowned peak of the Kilimanjaro northward to Abyssinia, is just in the position for a rainfall equal tothat of tho Equatorial African mountains which flank the Atlantic coast—that is, an annual rainfall of twenty fect or more. From these heavy quatorial rains aud snows, established on the Kilimanjaro from actual observation, we conclude numerous rivers, along the whole extent of the range, flow out from both sides, and that if be- low the Albert Lake to the Biue Nile no very large streams have been noticed flowing from the east into the main river, it is because they have escaped obser- vation, or because tho western drainage trom those eastern mountains is, to agreat extent, discharged into extensive lakes which have uo outlet, Again, from the general character of the country crossed by Stanley in his journey from the seacoust, near Zanzibar, to the Victoria Lake, we dare say that the unexplored region we have indicated north of his line of march, is of the same general character—a re- gion of numerous streams, extensive swamps and swampy forests, and of vast rolling plains abounding in wild animals, That great eastern cham of mountains, 80 liberally watered by those equatorial rains, must bo clothed with forests of valuable timber like the range of tho wost coast. Avall events here wo havo now tho most inviting fleld for the African explorer. ANOTHER GREAT BLANK, that lying west of tho A+bert Lake, invites the ambi- tious explorer, for here, too, are several undefined rivers, which, if explored, may prove to be important streans, watering rich valleys, and disclose newehan- nels from the interior to the Atlantic Ocean, Schweinfurth has satisfactorily, tor tue present, laid down tho numerous tributaries of the Babr-el-Ghazal; but below this river, in Egyptian Soudan, there are on the west side of the Nile many streams which aro known only from the reports of Arab traders and the | conjectures of inquiring European travollers. As now disclosed, with Stanley’s addition of the Shimeeyu, THE NILE 18 THE LONGEST RIVER IN THE WORLD, It drains a basic which, south of Egypt, is equal to the support of 100,000,000 of peopie, from itk capagities in the production of cotton, rice, sugar, In- dian corn, elephants and cattle, to say nothing of the splondid and abounding fishes in the main river and in ite tributary lakes and streams, The Egyptian Nile, with its amazing monuments of the oldest civilization of the human family, is, next to the Euphrates, the oldest of all the great rivers of history, while beyond Egypt, still in its primitive barbarism, newly disclosed to the outside world, the Nile is the newest of all tho great rivers of the earth; and in the peculiarities of its basin, 118 sources, its climate, its sayage tribes, its ancient monuments, its fruitful valleys and bowling deserts; in its constant equatorial stream, and in its | annual Egyptian inundation from Abyssinia, itis tho most wondertul river of them all. CENTRAL AFRICAN EXPLORATION, THE NILE AND THE ALBERT NIYANZA—A NEW AND INTERESTING DISCOVERY BY GESSI. Loxpos, July 15, 1876, General Stone, the chief of the Kuedive’s staff, has addressed a letter to Rutherford Alcock, President of the Royal Geographical Society, embodying a despatch from Colonel E. C. Gordon, in the Upper Nile region, The new and interes:ing fact 18 made public that tho Nile divides alter it leaves tho Albert Niyanza and tho hopes of Signor Gessi prove to bo well founded, all the conditions of water communication from Egypt by way of the Nile above Khartoum to the Albert Lake will undergo a radical chauge, A small steamer of hgnt draught will bring the turthermost extremities of the Nile basin within threo wecks of Cairo and tho cryilized world, ‘The letters follow :— Camo, July 1, 1876, Dean Sin—I am to-day in receipt of a letter from General Gordon Pacha, dated Kent, May 2, 1876, im which he coulirms what he had ulready comuunicated by telegraph in resercnoe to the exploration of Lake Albert, General Gordon writes:— “Gessi went rouna it (the lake) in nine days, He deuetit 140 miles long by 60 wide. There is no river which envers it of any importance; all those whien do enter are dry in summer, ‘Toe’ south end is very shallow, and is much overgrown with ampaich wood, Gessi hid a terrible time of it; he Lad two lifevouts, aud the storms were consiant and very vivleat. No other boats, he says, would live in such gates and seas, ‘The patives were rather hostile, “The River Nile, after lew Lake Alvert, spl into two branches—oue which goes to Duilé aud ¢ dokoro, und the other, the natives say, goes far ini Lexpect it Joms the River Jaie or balir D'jeuit, vide Mauuel’s map. This branch will be very important; it re-enters the Nile again at Rabatehambe, near where the Babr Zerat quits it, The steamer will be very soon finished, and i then hope to go up to Magungo. * * * “No wews of Stapley. I expect he weut across from Victoria Lake, saw the south end of Albert Lake, and now has got into a nest of lokes wistch, | expect, exist between Albert and faaganyika * * * hs, eve me, sincerely yours, c GORDON.” In a postscript General Gordon states that there one fall between Murchison Falis and Aulina’s Isla and that Murchison Fails are twenty-two miles from the entrance of Lake Albert, Thus, you will see, this im- porta@t question of the relation of Lake Albert to the Nile 1s clearly brought to light’ We may expect from General Gordon's energy and devotedness a solution of the question of the left branch which he mentions, The River Jaie is already known irom Labatchambé to its passage of paratiel five degrees north, and its navigability by nuggers has been proved from Rabatch- ambe to station Eliab, near paraliel six degrees, Should this branch prove to be free trom cataracts 18 impor- tance is evident, for the navigation trom Khartoum to Lake Albert would be without obstacle. Very respectfully, I am, dear sir, your obedient servant, M. 2. STONE, Chief of Stull. Yo Sir RuruurvorD Avcock, President of the Royal Gvographical Society, London, NO WORD OF STANLEY, The Times of yesterday printed a letter from a reia- tive of Colonel Gordon, giving some additional detais regarding ihe exploration of the Albert Lake, trom which the following extracts are imade:— On the 8th of Maret M. Gessi started from Dafli with provisions and stores in the two boats for Magungo. Ho had with bim a man named Piazgia and a crew of Arabs; he had head winds and the current of the Nile against him, and did notarrive at Magungo tll the soth of March; he landed the stores et Magungo, and appears to have gone up to Karumma Falls, on Victoria Nile, ag he describes the noise made at bight by the Lippo- potami, crocodiles, large fish und beasts of prey as nearly equalling that , &e., being then on the move. Piaggia landed at Magungo, having orders to report on the Victoria Nile. un the 12th of April Gessi started to circumnavigate the Albert Lake, which he did in nine days; he re- ported 1t to be 140 miles long by forty or tity Uroad. ine east shore has some good harbors, but tho West is a8 inbospitable a suore as can be imagined, the mountains descending abruptly down to the lake.’ The uthorn end of the jake is very shallow and fringed with forest It i$ not certaii that the moantains of | the west side join those cu the cust. Theo may be a succession of lakes or marsues ‘between Lake Albert vnd Lake Tanganyika, No river runs into the Albert | Niyanzs, Gessi ran from the southern end of the lake to the northern end intwo days. He found the boats (bait by Sumuda) everything he could wish. He encoun- tered heavy gales of wind anda high sea, ‘the Arabs were nicl frightened wil they saw vow well the boats behaved under the able guidance of Gessi, who had spent much of his early life navigating the Black Sea in a smal! craft belonging to his uncle. The water flows out of the lake at the north and divides ito twe branches at 100 miles soutn of Dufli, One branch is the Nile, The other, 200 yards wide, tw an immense distance. Thi# may be Sebeinturth’s River Weile, which again may be Barth's Kubanda, . During Gezzi’s absence Cotonel Gordon visited all his tho Nile, placed wire ropes across the river Lavoré aud Kerri (five telegraph wires twisted to- gether) to be used by lerryboats; by this he can at all times pass troops over to keep In order the East- tribes. The date of the latest Jetter ia the Sth of January, apd itis written from Kerri, Nothing bad deen heard of Stanley, Kaba Rega, after bis bodyguard had been deieated ima slight skie- mish at Missindi, bad tetired toa marsh nev Karché, where Lady Baker is described 8 having bad a sun- stroke |v the book ** Albert Niyanza’” In consequence of the whole of the ordss cocks having sstolen the steamer which had been pat together near Dulli would not be ready for work lor a month from the 8th of May. Laiters trom Eugiind dated 23d at Kerri on the 01h of April ever, Would find it 1apossibie Lo convey their Comforts or even necessaries trom Khartoum to the lakes, there being no means of transport beyond what is re- quired for the troops. Your obedient servant, Suooter’s Hint, July 12 & E. GORDON, NEWPORT SIGNAL STATION TO BE CLOSED, Newronr, R 1, July &, 1876, dariners will regret to learn that the signal station at this place is to be discontinued from lack of funds, The signal officer received the following dospateh to- night:—‘'Discontinue observation at signal station af- ver taking observations at midnight July 31, and report at Wastington to the olfice.”’ The station was estab. lished ere about a year ago, and it was of great bone- | case of Mr, Kerr, Spe IMPEACHMENT. MR, CARPENTER'S SPEECH BEFORE TRE SENATE ON BEHALF OF EX-SECRETARY BELKNAP— THE DEYBNDANT NOT GUILTY OF RECEIVING BRIBES--A TRIBUTE TO SPEAKER KERR. Wasuixeroy, July 25, 1876. The Senate resumed the consideration of the articles of impeachment against W. W. Belknap, late Secretary of War, Mr. Carpenter, pf counsel for the accused, by unan- imous cousent was permitted to stand at the desk occupied by him when he was Senator, that he might be better heard by the Senate while delivering his argument in bebalf of the defence. He said the importance of this case, not only; to the respondent, but to | every man who had filied or may fill a tederas office, would secure to him a patient hearing, Ho knew how next to impossible it was for Senators to give their attention to any one sub- ject tor any great length of tine on account of the many public duties pressing upon them, but they were holding in their hands the reputation and character of the man at tho bar, and no more solemn duty could be imposed upon them. Mr. Carpenter then reterred to tho duty of lawyers to their chents, and said lawyers were not an evil in the administration of public ju tico; they were as indispensable to itas the judges. The very tirst decision which Chief Justice Marshall re- versed in the Supreme Court he did so upon the ground that the caso bad not been argued by counsel He read from various English precedents to show the fidelity with which lawyers should defend the interests of their clients, and next addressed himselt to the question of jurisdiction, stating that he would maio- tain that the order of the Senate boiding the articles of impeachment were suflicient in law was erroneous, and he would show it to the satisfaction of every lawyer inthe chamber, = © He argued that it was common all over the world for cotrts to reverse their decisions, and read from the thirty-second chapter of Exodus to slow that the Almighty, after the prayer of Moses, reversed His judginent and forgave the people of Israci. Coutinu- ing his argument, Mr, Carpenter said it was forvunate Jor the reputation of Moses that no newspapers existed y, for some of bis suggestions would bave ued as disrespectful to the Almighty. Ho jerred to the services of General Belknap in the and said it was st Shiloh, when face to fuce with Beauregard’s army, that ' General nt first saw tim, [twas ’tho action of General Belknap on that day which made him Secretary of War, lt Was a curious colucidence that a few days ago the im- peactiment proceedings Were suspended and the Senato passed a bill to remove the poiitical disabilities of Beauregard; it then resumed the trial to seo if 1t could ot inilic’ political disavilities upon Belkuap, He com- mented at length on the good character of Belknap, said every person who had even a suspicion against im Was 2 Welcomne witness before the committee of the House of Representatives, But what was the result of allthis? Nothing. Senaiors all recollect the French arms investigation. The Secretary ot War could have made $1,000,000 on the sale of arms to the French. An investigation was held and every man on the com- mitteo, without regard to party, acquitted him, SPEAKER KERR'S GOOD CHARACTER, ‘There bad been a striking instance of the weight of good character in this city Jately, aud that was in the Fol the House of Representa- He (Mr. Carpenter) believed Mr, Kerr was as in this Senate chamber, but the lives, honest as any ms against Mr. Kerr did not ran away the next day for fear he would be arrested; a cross-examination did not break him down, But Mr. Kerr was, kuown as a high-minded, upright man, and the result’ was the House’ of Kepresentatives unanimously ac- quitted him against the positive testimony of the rascal who came here to convict him, ‘There was one circumstance in favor of Mr. Kerr. He sademocrat, But he (Mr. Carpenter) honestiy bes ed ithe had been a republican he would have been he expelled. The republican party hed been organized apd thus far had survived upon a principle which would break up any family in the jand, As svon us apy democrat said apything against w republican the while republican party was up in arms and said:—“We know it 1s true, and we are glad of the opportunity to crush him.’? Un the other band, if a democrat was accused the democratic party demanded a patient hearing. That party had some sense, and knew that t was pot the true principle to kill off the leaders, ‘They called analt, and the republicans joined with the democrats in exculpating the party charged. Ho was glad of it, because if the republican party could not do justice to its own members, let do jus- lice to democrats. Taking all these things ito con- sideration,.he thought it the duty of avy republican entering upon a high office to offer up the prayer, “Lord, save ine from my friends,” During the: seven years of General Beiknap's administration us Secretary of War millions of doliars passed through his hands without the loss of a shilling, and it should require very strong prcof to satisty Senators that Belknap was a thief when he appointed Marsh. No? GUILTY OF BRIBERY, Mr. Carpenter then commented at length on the law in regard to bribery, und argued that Belknap had not taken money from Marsh tor the purpose of influenc- ing his ollicial action; therefore, he could not be guilty ot the crime of bribery. Il the arzument of the man- agers Was correct any man who came here and made a Senator a present of a box of cigars for the purpose of fuducing bim 40 attend to soie land claim before tho department was guilty of the crime of bribery. 1t was well known that railroad compauies gave passes to public officials, Was that bribery? He then read trom the report of a telegraph company, recently published, to the eflect that franks issued irom goverument ofli- cials constituted about one-third of the complime! business, but that the judicious ugg of tranks ha: the means of saving tO the company. much mon: Continuing his argument, he contenued that it was the intention which Goustituted the crime. If the party making the present did so for the pornos of influenc- ing official action he was guilly of bribery, and if the ollicial accepting it allowed his official action to ve in- fluenced thereby be was guilty of crime, He then quoted at length from the evidence, and’argued that the charge of bribery in this case had not been proven, APTER RECESS. At wo o'clock the Senate took arocess for fifteen minutes. Upon reassembling Mr. Carpenter continued nis review of the evidence, und in regard to Marsh, said he nover knew him wolii be came on the stand, although a newspaper had said that Mr, and Mrs. Marsh had called at his office before Marsh testified, Which was not so. Marsh haa impressed bim as being un honest but crazy man, He (Mr. Carpenter) insisted that Belknap should not be convicted unless the proof Was Such as@p sacisly every reasonable mind beyond a doubt tuat when he received that money be did ‘it with the intention to have his official! mind tufluenced and perverted thereby. Was Belknap to be denied common Justice before the highest tribunal in the laud because the necessities of a political campaign demanded it? He felt sure this Senate would not send forth any such decision, He then alluded to the family of Beikuap and said the defence had offered no tesu- mony to shift the responsivility from Belknap to any- body else. He was a man; bis shoulders wero broad and he was able to bear it’ Marsh haa testified that he at firgt sent the money to Mrs, Belknap ag a pres- ent, which hé had @ periect right to do, and it was in yiviation of no law, He commented at great length on the testimony of Marsh, and said before he went botore the coinmittes he spoke of going away, but Belknap got on his knees to him not to do so, to stay and tel the truth, Was it reasonable to belive When Belknap made this entreaty of him, he knew what he was going to tes- tify toY Ifso the Senate must believe Belknap an idiot, and therefore not Hable to impeachment. The trath was that Belkuap believed that the moacy was sent on account of business transactions of his wile, while Marsh suppgsea that Betkuap knew just why it Was sent. Supposing Mrs Belknap had told’ him there wa’ one moral lesson in this trial, which he would re- peat tor the benetit of the jagies in the galleries, and that was, sweethearts and Wives never keep a secret from your loves or husbands, (Laughter.) RVIDENCK OF M)DOWKLIs He next referred to the argument of manager Jenka, | and said that gentleman bad accused Belknap of lying to McDowell, A groater abuso than this was never perpetrated by one gentleman upon another, and the evidence did not sustain any such assertion. ' Mr, Car. penter then quoted trom tho tesimony of General Me- Dowell, and argued that it showed the Secrotary re- quested him to draw up an order to remove tho abuses compiuined of at Fort sill, The conduct of General Belknap throughout was that of an munocent otticer, and the order to correct the abuses at Fort Sill woutd have done so bad it been carried out by the oificers at that post, ADJOURNMENT. Before Mr. Carpenter conviuded his argument tho Senate, at a quarter pass tour, sitting as a court of im- peachment, adjourned until w-morrow, MeXICo. DECISIVE DEFEAT OF THE REVOLUTIONISTS— FURTHER GOVERNMENT SUCCESSES REPORT- ED—LERDO TO DECLINE THE PRESIDENCY. Havawa, July 25, 1876, The steamship City of Merida, from Vera Craz, ar- rived here this morning, bringing dates from the city of Mexico to the 16th inst. | General Alatorre, with his advance, nambering 400 mon, defeated on tho 16th just, the revolutionist Fidencio Hernandez, with 1,300 men, at Fortin, on the railway, near Orizaba It was a complete and decisive victory, One hundred revolutionists were killed, Hernandez himself is a prisoner, wita 600 of his follower tion and 177 mules were capture nandez having been the best organized, this is 4 very important blow to the revolution. ihe government troops reoccupied Jalapa on the 12th inst. General Porfirio Diaz ls reported at Oaxaca, The defeat and capture of Trevino, the ebief rebel in the North, 1s reported, but is uot contirmed of- fleially. PRESTO: RRDO TO DECLINE, It is stated that President Lerdo only permitted his name to be ased asa Presidential candidate as an ofiset to the revolutionists, and that he will decline an inauguration, when igiesias, Chief Supreme Justice, will taxe the chair and immediately order a new otec- tion, fit to the large He@Qol co: ise Vessels who pati this nert for a har Mr. Foster, the American Minister, was to leave for Now Orleans ou tho 20th. ne THE BERDELL TROUBLE, Conclusion of the Examination of Berdell : Before Justice Coleman. DISCHARGE AND REARREST OF THE DEFENDANT. What Is Thought of the Merits of the Case. Gosuxy, July 25, 1876 In the case of ex-President Berdell, of the Erie Rail way, who was held on a charge befure a committing magistrate for shooting Wisner Murray, argaments were closed to-day. Mr. Carr, of Port Jervis, appeared for Mr. Berdell, He held that Berdell had a right to shoot both the ruflians, BERDELL DISCHARGED AND REARRESTED. The six days’ examination resulted in Justice Cole. man discharging the prisoner, Previous to summing up the prosecution, on motién of the defence, was re quested to prove the death of Murray, which they had refused todo, Immediately on bis discharge Berdell was rearrested by Sheriff Hoyt on a warrant issued by Coroner J. M. H. Little, of Middletown, charging him with the killing of Wisner Murray, Tho examination before the Coroner is set down for nine o’clock to-mor- row morning, Tho arrest was made on the ground that it is required by statute, the Coroner’s jury having found that death was caused by Berdell’s hands, THE PRELING IN GOSHEN, The case of ex-President Berdell scems te have beea helped by the tragedy in which he appears as a homt+ cide, Belore the day on which he killed his vietim he was very unpopular in his own neighborhood, While he lived in one of the most peautiful residences of a beautiful town he seems to hive been held in abhorrence by a people who do not readily accede to the demands that wealihy and prominent men sometimes make on the society im which they live, Mr, Berdely was regarded here as an immoral man. His family difficulties were the town talk; but it was known that his exclusion from his wife’s room for months did him no great harm. He was not a weak sentimentalist wha sat down and wept, and he did not avoid the society of ladies trom Paterson who, whatever may have been Mr, Berdell’s idea of them, were by no meaus of such lofty character that their reputations escaped emirch- ing. Itis considered strange that the ex-President of Erie should have been so innocent in his estimation of women that he was puro When many another man dia not escapo being wicked, BERDELL NOT A SAINT. No doubt Mr. Berfel! was not a saint. The divorce caso settied that. In tho divorce caso brought by his wife he charged his wife with wickedness; but a jury decided against him and in her favor, She was ac- corded alimony amounting to something, over $6,000 a year. THE CIVIL svITS. There resulted certain civil suits, one against his wife’s aunt, Mrs Parkburst, wherein he claims that she stole certain securities of his, and she claims that she gave him certain sums of money for investment and got gecurities for collateral, This wasa civil suit in which the outer world had little interest, Wisner Murray, who has just been buried, was one of the most popular men in this beauutul town, He and Mr. Berdell marricd sisters, The Hxratp yes terday published Mr. Berdall’s account of the relationship between these several parties— a. relationship amounting to a private scandal, aud inuny citizens whom [ have interviewed to-day agree in saying that, though Mr. Berdell is a very bad man, his story is one that has been currently believed for a long time. Though the fight had become le, the consciousness that neither side was blameless ad- hered to tho village mind, THE PEELING TOWARD TIE DEC! xD. Mr. Berdell is likely to come off in bis various com- plications. better than he deserves, merely-because in this emergency his enemy, a hitherto popular nan, became unpopular by resorting to the tricks of a black- guard for physical supremacy. He possessed moral advantage, though he bimseit bad seduced a nice young lady of Gosnen; bat he called in extraordinary al advantages to support bim in an attack on He was only thirty-three years old and wag the rising young man of his town im the county. Murray might have been presented for Congress. Few or nove asked about the young lady who had been fool- ish enough to believe in his sense of honor. Popularity atoned for everything, even for some little half forgotten escapade in which a young woman uursea her sorrows unshared. Up to that night when Wisner Murray became abully he was afavorite, The moment he and his brother ‘un- manned’? themselves, as these Orange county people say, he had affairs all his own way; but, as@man said to me at one of the too many hoteis of a smail town, ‘Murray spit on his hands and he got it be: tween tho eyos.”” Everything goes for Berdell, Ho gots moro desert th ie deserves, Na ono ‘loves tim and every one upholds him. Ho is a scapegrace who, by being whipped and shooting his man, becomes a hero, He 1s not respected, but every one gives him justice. It seems as if Justice were per- fect only between two tragedies, OPEN IMMORALITIEG, Mr. Berdell is a man who did not bide bis immorality. Ho made a contest with his family on grounds of i morality in which he was second best and he came off second best. If they were bad he was worse. At last they took him unawares and trie disadvantage and he shot first, He best, but first best 1s by no means go WHAT IS SAID BY MRM. RERDELL'S FRIENDS, Berdell’s statements as to the ceuse of his trouble, wish his wife and the Murrays, made in an interview published in Monday’s Heratd, are prouounced bi parties immediatery, concerned to be false in al- most every essential particular, They decline to make any statements in answer for pudiication. Mr. Fullerton, Mrs. Berdell’s counsel, bas advised her friends to gay nothing in the papers, A few facts, dorived from feliable sources, will throw some additional light on the causes of ‘the troubie, No doubt, the first cause of this tragedy was Berdell’s un- faithfulness to marriage vows, which was abundantiy proved on trial, which gave his wife au absolute die Voree and the custody of three children and $6,008 alimony, The first two quarters of this has not beeo paid, and stands im,the form of judgments which bave been returned unéatistied, Berdeli having put bis property out of bis hands. The Goshen property worth over $100,000 18 deeded to his son Charies, 1m Colorado, and New York city real estate valued at $30,000 13: mortgaged toa daughter by hia first wite. The plaintif bad incontrovertibio evidence of Berdell’ adulteries besides those introduced on the trial, and particularly with one married woman in Goshen, to whip bun a ay come off fires but it was withheld, to avoid unnecess scandal in other families where husban were similarly imvolved. The wuniriendly feeling between Berdell and Wisner Murray pas existed since the Jatter’s marriage to Berdeil’s wife sister, but it waa intensely embittered during the divorce proceedings im Murray assisted Mra Berdell, For this Berdelt fu his complaints counter charged him with over one hundred and thirty acts ofadultery with Mrs Berdell, al- though on the triai he did not attempt to prove one, deil suid two days afterthe divorce papers wore served on him when be hoped yet to settle things, my wife is & pure, Virtaous Woman; two months afterwards he said to the same man they have mudded me all over, I shall throw mad also. The property which Mra Berdell removed when she left his house and for which he brought a $30,000 su are largely ov ‘atued and belonged to her, and included somes of hi weading presenti The surt commeaced four momths ago Las not been moved since and is likely to be pushed to trial at ail, Mrs. A. 8. M@rray, who is made a party to it onthe ground of being present at the removal, as charged by Berdell, in the Hxnanp interview, wont there afterward Wo offer Berdeli’s daughter the hospitality of her house for the night; her father’s being deserted. By this Berdeli bas estranged the friendship of the elder A. 5. even pad. erdell against bis wife and ber father, Chauncey Bar- deéd of The conspiracy to get his property charged by nard, 18 evidently moonshine. The the property transferred to the latter by Berdell was withheld to compel Berdeil to settle an equitable debt whieh he did finally pay. Tho authorship of the cards— the circulation of which was the immediate cause of the outbreak—he attributed to enemies, In a con- Versation with a neighbor on the train from which he ahghted cn the day of tho as- sault. In his pockets there were more these cards, which connected his nam of Mra. A. 8. Mur & Murray, Jr., fluds no excuses from the m whieh it Was committed. Public sentiment in Goshen, and wherever the fucts are known, condemns Berdell’s course previous to the assau't, and 1t would bave ap. proved of tho assault, if made by one instead of twe persons, NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVAL OF THE VANDALIA AT PORT ROTATA Port Rovan, 8. C., July 25, 1876. Tho corvette Vandalia, Commander Milton Haxtup, arrived this afternoon from Aspinwall and the Spamad Main, Ali well on board. A POLICEMAN BEATEN, Wasuixatox, D. C., July 26, 1876, Police Officer John J. Stith was last night beaten, choked and stamped upou by Steve Taylor, a megre, whom he attempted to arrest Smith's injories provably prove fatal ” -