The New York Herald Newspaper, June 18, 1876, Page 14

“TN THE SAHARA Largeau Expedition Oasis City. The at the A Wonderful Place Whose Origin Antedates Our Era. THE GOVERNOR'S —_——-——— LEGEND. The Turkish “Army,” the Interior Govern- ment and Systems at Ghadames. Gnapames, Feb, 20, 1876. A prolonged visit to this most curious city gives rise to much self-questioning and speculation, It seems like the centre of another and older world than ours, It carries the mind back a thousand years—ay, even lathe days when Rome held sway amid the vast re- “tions of Equatorial Africa. What is the origin of Ghad- unés? At what distant epoch did this oasis appear amid the eternal sands of the desert? There are both legend and history op this poiut, however As to the legend, according to the anciont Ghadamése, the present Governor here, 3i-Mohammed-bon-Aicha, tells me that long before thé coming of our Prophe our Lord Mohammed—may the benedictions of Aliah be upon him, hi$ family and companions—some peepie belonging to Sioua, a city ten days’ jourhfey to the west of El Macsr (Cairo) started from the boraers of Touat im order to make a ‘raid.’ To reach this distant sountry they passed the placo where Ghadamés now stands, resting here to have breakfast. At this date there were neither stream nor palms here, After breakfast these people drauk {rom their bottles, then continued their journey westward, The next morning, when they desircd to prepare the ‘rouina’ for their meal, they discovered that the plate out of which they asually ate i was missin; Having but this one plate ue of the men returned and found it in the same | place where they had their previous meal. He | then sat down to rest bimselt fora tew moments after | his long journey, As be was about to start forward sgain he observed that his faithful mare was smelling the ground, at the same time pawing the earth vio- Jontly with her hoof, ‘Imimediately water spurted up And covered the fect of the animal. The horseman slurled forward, and on rejoining his companions related what had occurred and where the water ap- peared. On returning from the Touat, where they | found an abundant ‘razzia’ among the flocks and herds belonging 10 the inhabitants of that rich region, they returned to their country by the way they had gone, Reaching the spot where the man had seen the water spring up, they filled their bottles, namiag tt Ain-el-Fers or the Mare Spring, Shortly alter their | teturn to Stoua divisions and trouble arose among tho | people ot the city. The party to which our travellers | belonged being defeated they determined to expatriate themselves. 4s they seemed undecided what direction they should take one of them proposell to go to Ain- el-Fers, Hithor they came, plantea paims and built bouses.”” Such, according to legend, is TAX ORIGIN OF GHADAM It is beyond doubt that the presence of the stream Jed tothe tounding of tho city. ) at what time after the appearance of this stream did the people of Sioua, or others, create the oasis? I have been reading, or at least attempting to read, this out for myself in the “book” of architectural ruins which are to be found Within and without the city. In the city. there are several columns and capitals, among others a Libyo- Egyptian bas-relief, seen by Mr. Henri Duveyrier in 1860, which point to the ancient Egyptians as the plant- ers of the first palms. Pliny, whose testimony is cen- firmed by this bas-relief, telis us that at the commence- Ment of the Christian era Libyo-Egyptians lived in the country where the Ghadamése now are, that is to say, Libyuns of Egyptian origin, To the southwest of tho oasis, some 300 yards trom the city wall, upon the plateau called the Ei Esuimen—the idols—there are Bome ruins which speak of an epoch posterior to the Exyptian and anterior to the Roman periods, which leave no doubt as to the existence of Ghadamées during the Garamantic era, the period of a black eivilization which has left numerous traces im the Sahara, Henri wuveyrier has called attention to the Wmilarity of these ruins with those of Dyjerma, she ancient capital of Garamantis—the Garama of the Romans—the ruins of which are now to be seen not lar from Mourzouk, the capital of Fezzan, These iébris, to which the natives gave the name of idols * account of their construction by an idolatrous peo- ple, consist of five quadrangular piles in the form of | formed of very small gravel and sand stones, in height from sixteen feet.to twenty-six feet, fixed upon pedestals from ten fect to thirteen feet wquare, which, at a short distance, seem to be part and parcel of the monuments themselves, At the summit of gach there is a peculiar capital which it would be very dilficult to reconstruct. Like the famous pyramids of Egypt the solid structures SERVED AS TOMBS, Which are indicated by small, low chambers, vaulted sud seui-crrcular, which cau be entered through a deep | trough from the bases of the pedestals, They are built | | | » lines, some fifty feet apart, Anothor ruin, of hich but a part of the pedestal can be seen above jround, looms up by the sido of the other five. Ae- vording to tradition these antique evidences of a remote | ization should be termed the tombs of the kings of dus country. On all sidos the plateau ts strewn with | sand stones, the débris of other monuments, perhaps, or of antique tombs which have become mixed up with other aud more recent additions to this immense neeropolis of the oasis. Indeed, upon the whole ex. | tent of this, the southwest side of the oasis, are | pumerous , TOMNSTONES REPRESENTING ALL AGES, from the ante-Islamic epoch to our own day. Some £00 yards from these “idols” there is another ruin of the samo orig.n, This is a tower, oval in form, com- posed of smail sand stones. At the base there is a low shamber, now partly filled with débris, and above this again a kind of vault, whieh was arched at some ime, intersected by a wide exed tly the tor ofatomb, The archwologist also finds another | Aecropolis immediately in front which contams a num: | der of ancient senulchres. Thore exists too, a squire tower, analogous in construction to the northwest gie of the rampart of Ghadamos The come origin of these ruins, and their great similarity to tho: of Djerma, safficiontly demoustrate the existence of | the oasis before 18 gecupation vy the Romans, Ac- sording to the recent historic researches of Mr. Ney, | af the Geographical Society, communicated to tho late | tongress held in Paris, the Romans must have takeu possession of Ghadames seventy © the comiuencement of our era. Ono Roman inscription, | Which appears not to have been seen prior to its covery by Duveyrier, on one two doors which ration having ¢ vn | tive access to the gardens, ton: ton of Cyaame to the Romans, and y wording to the taterpretation of M. Regnier, of the Institute, must have exceeded 0 years, independently of the natural fact it proves— | Ne, tho extension of the province of Nama beyond the zone of the sands of the Erg, and adding a now faterial proof in support of the unanimous oyinion of | tue vatives, whio bring the present troatier the yrovince of Constaptine to the very gates of Ghadamés 1 will here reimind the cartographers that the limits of ho Souf extend to abont a two days’ journey from the sasiz, aud that the region of the hills 18 absolutely un- frequented, except by the hunters of the Seal and those of tho Chaamba, who, to the number of 109, vross ‘g wiwually during the winter ta orler to trade at Ghadames with their wools and balks and tloaks, and at the saine time gather the products in the tem ot game) This inscription shows, moreover, as | Duveyrier justly observes, uiat | rf VHR ROMANS, in al! their commercial relat fidered the tdiect w benats (Lam bees), ate be the direct road via Cart and Ga (Tripoli, Masters of the whole of tho Witorai, Uny atieched the admiwistration of Cydame to Latnbeesis nearer — mot province Tripoli, ms with the interior, con by Creta (Constaniiue), Lam: me the of | Thee question of production and commercial exetange ertenthy regulated their choice, and it ts this same ourtive to-day Which gaght, soover or later, ty direct | panied ug as far as a zounia situated about an hour’s | hid, stood and looked on this child’s play with the ut- | put a few small mosque domes peer above the vast ex- | gardens fenced about with dried ¢! | out below the level of the streets, | depends the red flag and crescent of the States of the | | turbulent waves from the bubbling contge, forgetful of | our return. NEW YO Soudan to the Algerian markets. | Durmg the thirteenth, fourteenth and tteepth centu- ries, up tthe time of Ottoman interveation on the Mediterranean territory and the French conquest of Algeria, commerce here was in a most flourishing con- the products of the dition. ‘The Arabian caravans, which then included many merchants from Southern Europe, went as far as Timbuetoo, and even to the Tchad, Now they only go to Ghadamés, The oasis, which the Turks took pos- session of thirty years ago, is part of the Tripolitan province, Under the pretext of a community ot ideas, but in reality to take from Tunis the Ghadamése cara- vans which bad for a long period traded there, the Pacha of Tripoli took possession of Ghadamés in the name of the Sultan, bis master, and caused all the Caravans from the interior to go to Tripoli, Could I dare suspect our good English cousins, who are always “practical” in business, of having facilitated this “combination,” which permitted them to receive, via Maita, ina most direct way, all the products of the udan? It is a fact that the English are now the only ignees of ostrich feathers, tusks of ivory and other prodacts that f have seen defile into Ghadamés—that is to say, taking them from the very gates of the French ‘Sahara possessions! é THK GOVERNMENT, The political and administrative authority of the Turks is represented by a Kaimakam—Governor—to whom the people give the title of bey. The direction of local and communal affairs is confided to a body called Djemaa, while business matters, disputes among the merchants, &e,, are attended to and arbitrated by another body called the Medeida, The Djomia is sim- ply modelied after our municipal counciis, while the | Medjelts represent a chamber of commerce and board of urbitrati Acadi, or judge, administers justice, Religious instruction is given by the Tolba, or savang, in ciylit mosques, in which prayers are read and the Koran explained, Secular instruction is given at the homes of the pupils, and conststs simply in teaching them to read, write and count, This applies to the boys only. The girls content themselves with learning the pray ers according to the law and the Prophet, THe “GARRISON, ”? Internal order is maintained by two sheiks, and the guarding of the city is confided ordinarily to 100 infan- try, commanded by a bachaga (or bashaw) and fifty cavalrymen, During our stay here this little garrison was reduced to ten cavalrymen, five of whom only were mounted, These were the only cavalry to accompany the Governor in pursuit of the robbers, of which T duly sent you a full report. There are also a few zat tis, a kind of spestal police, who are charged with the arrest and summary punishment of evil doers, the punishment usually consisting ina sound beating with the ‘locust.’ For three months the Governor awaited co! the body guard of fifty horsemen promised him from ‘Tripoh, On the evening of our departure nineteen only d in the oasis; the others are ex- pected next year, So much for Turkish ollicial prom- ises ana promptness, I don’t know how the military affairs are generally 1m the Sultan’s provinces, but the samples of his army at Ghadamés augur very sadly for the great bulk of the Turkish forces in Tripoli. The costume of these poor fellows consists of a striped calico shirt and baggy zouave,pants, reaching to the knees, fastened over the sbirt at the waist by means of a leather strap; the traditional calotte-rouge, or rea- peaked cap, which rests apparently on the three top hairs of the crown of the head, decorated with a dark tassel, and an eksa, or woollen wrapper, which covers the back of the head and hangs down loosely over the shoulders, These are worn both on duty and during lewsure. In Turkish countries they seldom undress. If they do it is with a good deal of grumbling as to the terrific hardship to which humanity is subjected. As to their armament, they simply carry tho long-barreiled, fintlock guns which were so familiar to our forefathers. " By the next hundred years the arms now known to civilization may be served out to Ottoman troops from their Asiatic head- quarters ; not from Constantinople, The day we left the oasis the Governor and all the “garrison”? accom- journey from the city, Befvre coming to the traditional forms of bidding an adicu—the bi-cs.selama—ho ordered by A MILITARY REVIEW in our honor, a farce whose comic aspects will long be remembered by us. [t was a farce anda sham fight— very much of sham, and confoundedly Little of a fight. Tho Governor gave the command and the fore midable army of twenty-five hastenod to the battle. Whew! The horses started off with a terrific rush, but at the word to fire nearly every gun “snapped” — Iteral *flashes in the pan’’—and when they camo to chargo their cudgels were so short that they could not | reach each other atall, One fellow made aycharge by got- Ung round behind bis antagonist—a safe position. While these wonderful evolutions were going on a group of Touareg, calm, stern, supporting themselves on their long lances, girded about with their broadswords, the left hand holding the guard of this terrible weapon, with poniards up their sleeves, where they are always most ind:fleren With these rough fighters for real combatants the play would uot have been so agreeable for “les soldats de Sa Majesté.”” 1k Would be difficult to give the exact population of Ghadamos. We tuink, however, that there are not more than 6,000 inhabitants in the oasis, The number of palm trees, according to the last enumeration, is given ut 24,000, but we think it now reaches over 39,000, The aspect of the city, viewed from the Hamada, 13 similar to all the oases of the desert. A line of palms on the south side, then the houses commence and ex- tend from the wall; then more palms and houses, the white exteriors of which contrast very pleasantly with the foliage ot the palms No minarets are to be seen, panse of sombre grecu and give interest to the tableau by their silvery winteness, The palms, mostly in small y walls, extend over a superiicial area ot some 1,590 square yards In the centre and on the south side of these 1s the city, where most of the houses enclose other gardens of palms, dug . ‘THE SPRING which has fertilized the‘ oasis since the legendary period sprigs froin about the centro of the erty, from the middie of a square basin seventy feet square, dag out quite steep at the sides, beyond which are Ittle low walls backed with some scaly trunks of the robust palm, whose ever flex blo plumes are reflected in this limpid and transparent source, which is clear enough to permit you to measure its depth very nearly with the eyealone At oue of the angles there isa little pavilion constructed after tie European fashion, éne story high, plereod with litie green windows At the sum- t, from a staff about as high again as the edifice, | Sulti® This pavilion is the property of the Governor, aud servesus a meeting place for the members of the e water of the spring is thermal, and has a hiy-six degrees Pabrenhert aud 1s tasteless, With astonishment! the sight of the ight of water such as We had not scen many long days. We admired the ommanding grandour of these old palms, reflected im tht watery mitror. Frequently, during bright, starry nights, | guidod by the light of the moon, that unique torch'ot the Saharans, did we pluoge into this transparent, Jukewarm spring, We bathed delightfully amid the past Intigues avd regaruless of difleulties to be met on The silence is perfect in the oasis, ana complete as in any other part of the Sa. | hara. This forest of shady palms, this logendary etry lost amid the solitude of the desc ri, these cubs overhangtng, terraced habitations, whose ghttering | snowy points stand out like the tones of a solar eclipse from the nocturnal azure—ail is due to this it. te sping, The isolation amid this wonderful ture, cxuberant hero, dead there, everything strikes | the imagination, already so active with the tableaux and peculiarities of the desert, And yet who would Wink we were so far from European civilization, so far trom the shocks of great peoples and the communion of ideas, enveloped in the profound calm, enwrapt ina luajestic repose amid tho iinposing serenity of night mn the great Desert of Subara? here 't I tagades | Coroner EickhoM yesterday held an inquest in the cage of Jolin MeGovern, who was found at tae corner of Seveniocmin sireot and Eighih avenue, on the dh inst, sullering from woutas on the head, which res sulted in death four days later, The jury returned a | Verdict that deceased came Ww lis death from com: pression of the ’rain, (he result of myuries received in somw-mauber unknown, AD thqnest was algy beld mm the case of William BL Burrows, who was drowned at the foot of Wea Twenty. fourth street op the 4th inst. A verdict of accidental death by drowuing was rendered, the Jury recommend: ing that the docks be Letier lighted. | tribate, KK HERALD, SUNDAY, JUNE 18, 1876. MOURAD V, TURKISH BEGENERATION—THE MOMENT AND THE MAN—HIS FRENCH EDUCATION AND DIPLOMATIC LEANINGS—HOW THE SOFTAS SEIZED THKIR PARTY OPPORTUNITY—ENGLISH INFLUENCE OVERSHADOWS THE RUSSIAN IN- TRIGUE—‘‘TURKEY FOR THE TURKS!” A NON- BENSICAL CRY. Panis,” June 1, 1876. Sbould the cecent order and sobriety of the present revolution iu Turkey continue to be maintained they | will ve the best justification yet offered, both of the Crimean war and of the political sagacity of Lord Pal- merston, The veteran statesinan always held that Turkey was worth helping, for sho was learning to he!p herself, and could in no wise be considered (in the in- terests of the Czar Nicholas) as laboring under ineur- able paralysis. The Turks were not degenerats; they were simply misgoverned, It may, indeed, be doubted whether such a thing as THY DEGENERACY OF NATIONS can be taken into serious account cither by the his- torian or politician. 1t was once the fashion to con- sider that the Roman Empire broke up through the effeminacy of the Italians, who, it was alleged, wero enervated and corrupted by luxury. But the wealthiest Roman never dined as well as the New Yorker can dine at Delmonico’s or slept in so soft a bed as may be had at the. Fifth Avenue Hotel, The Americaus of great cities have had ample time to be corrupted by good living, and yet it is generally understood that dur- ing the ervil war the recruits trom the towns displayed more pluck and endurance than those from the coun- try. Certainly the Ottoman showed po lack of courage at Silistria, at Sinopé, or at Kars; and now he would seem to give proot of an intelligent political capacity for which the world had assuredly never allowed him credit, So far as it can yet be understood, THR LAST PAGY OP TURKISH HISTORY that has been written 1s one of the brightest. There have been insurrections at Constantinople before now, 1u old times the janissaries would ciamor till the head of an unpopular vizier was thrown out of the palace window, or asultan would be strangled and all the males of his family with bim, Sut such rough sur- ry has nothing 11 common with the recent delicate operation, Censtantinople has at length seen a dec- orous and proper revolution of the Occidental type. Neither Eugéuie nor Isabella was more respectfully sent about her business than Abdul-Aziz, The chiefa of the softas bowed low as they asked the Caliph, the Commander of the Falthful, to divest him- self of his pontifical attributes; this done, he was asked—perhaps a littio more briskly—to abdicate the imperial power, He was then led a prisoner to one of hisown palaces, J’rince Mourad was next informed that as the eldest mate of the House of Othmen he was now Sultan by divine right and the Jaw of the land, The Prince, who has Jearued French, forthwith adopted the exact tenor of A NAPOLKONIC DECREE, and had himself proclaimed sovereign by “the graco of God and the will of the people.” Duo orders tol- lowed for iluminations; the national and foreign squadrons were Uressed with flags and royal salutes thundered from one iron-clad after another, What could be more civilized? The Turks haye only to wear tall hats, to learn to eat ham and to content them- selves (as most of them do) with one wife, to be per- fect Christians of the modern type, PROMPT WORK. Nor is this all, Tho Turkish revolution deserves its name, not merely because it was elfected without blood- shed, without even rivt, and with almost a minute at- tention to prescriptive etiquette, but because the con- spirators who carried it out had the good’sense to per- ceive that a mere transfer of the sceptre would be of little benefit to the nation without a radical change in tho constitution and government, Accordingly the abolition of the seraglio is decreed; the new Sultan must meet his personal expenses with a SNUG RUT MODERATE civil list of some $3,000,000 a year, Bat the most por- tentous of the contemplated retorms is the convoca- tion of an assembly of notables to sit in permauent session, There is even talk of an elective chamber being summoned, This last ramor tay or may not have any foundation in fact, but the words ‘assembly of notables” naturally carry the mind back to that tulury period of French history which preceded the terrible storm of 1789. The Assembly of Notables was devised as n means of avoiding the grant of reprosen- tative institutions to the people. Yet it preceded the States General by only two years, Absit omen; for we know what the States General themselves preceded by an extremely short interval, Probably the institution which the reformers at Constantinopie have in view is the Russian Senate. It must be remembered that there is. AN EDUCATED CLASS IN TURKEY which reads tho New York Henatp and is fairly con- versant with European politics. There aro patriotic Turks who see that wealth and power are not with their country, and who at the same time cannot comprehend why such a state of things should continac, They may justiy argue that thore 18 no difference of race between themselves and the Russ: both are Tartars, and the Russian, according to the well known proverb, is not slow to discover the instincts of his birth, Of course the Turk cordially detests his Ru-sian cousin, and it is whispered that General Iguaticff is 10 despair, while the British Ambassador was CONVERSANT WITH TH PROGRESS OF THE CoNsrrRacY from the beginning—a statenient which receives curi- ous confirmation from the fact that Lord Odo Russell received the news at Berlin five hours before it was known at the Berlin Foreign Office. Nevertheless the Turks are probably endeavoring, in part, to copy the institutions of the enemy whose boudage they seek 10 avert, it is indeed, as I have pointed out, ex- tremely doubtful whether Russia has any wish to take Constantinople at the present moment; and it General Ignatieff is annoyed at the turn evenis have taken it ia rather at tie loss of Russian prestige and {nfluence than at any diminished chances of conquest which might result from it, The Turks, however, can- | not yet be expected to see things in this light, ‘and even the poor spirited Abaul-Aziz, so the story goes, Was seen todash his hand through a pane of window glass ina fit of impotent rago as he saw tho first Russian gunboat enter his waters. TH NRW NATIONAL CRY. In sooth, the Turks wish to get rid, not only of Rus- sians, but of the whole Frankish brood, whether Brit. ish, Gallic or Teutonic. TURKEY FOR THE TURKS!” is the party ery with Which the softas are successfully appealing to the national seutiment. 4s our fore- fathers bitterly complained of the Norman spoon in English dish so the Oitoman is honestly grieved to seu all the {at things of his land—and they are many—in the mouths of “swinish inidets;’? or, rather, ne is paiued to seo thom 1 anybody's mouth but his ofn, NO PURTIRR, Further than this the sofas have no wish to go; and, by all accvunts, Mourad V. is no bigot. Doubtless, be turnod his knowledge of French and nis long yours of entoreed scclusion jo reading ‘Candide,” the “Relig- ivase,” the “Uae Grappe de Groseil’’ and other works rmnilar deser pttun, which are hardly calculated to impart the s ¢ views of lite or to devour a man with zeal for avy particular creed, Moreover, though the Mussuiman cherishes as little love for the Christian as the Portugurse Catholic cheriahes for the Jow, yet the old maxim of “THR KOKAN OR THE SWORD” has for centuries ceased to guide the policy of Isiam, Ot lave years it been the Koran, the sword or The Porte no more di persecute in the face of European opinion, wnich jt is ut present too weak to disregard, than an ultramontane Ministry in Belgium would dare, even if i wished, to revive the Inquisiion, [t would, however, be the ot | merest aflectation to suppose that the instigators of the late revolution where wholly imspired even by what Mr, Congreve has termed “the most spurious of virtnes.”’ Patriotism oo doubt they have; bat a very homely cirgumstance waded bo precipitate matters, With the :netedibie folly of aa ignorant mau Abdul- Medjid kept A HOARD OF GOLD COIN 1m his cellar, and the gossip of the capital was that he loved to shut himself up al with a tub of sequins and count the ghitering coms. Fubnions estimates were made of the amount of this hidden treasul ua was pul high a8 $109,000,000, Provabiy no one would have carea much jor the Sultan's eoventricities, and tt woald have fared fli wit any chiel who should have taken notes at the palace sod been so unwise as to print them, The bankraptey of jase year completely changed the aspect o} affairs; there are a considerable nuwver of Turkish holders of Turkish stock, and when they learned that there was enough, and more than enough, 19 the imperial cellars ‘to pay their dividends in full they goon became wonderfully liberal in their political views and completely emancipated from tho superstition of exzessive loyalty. The Turks among the conspirators who had no stocks to hold may have hoped with Oriental naiveness for permission to dip their bands into those tubs of sequins, KNOW-NOTHINGISM AND NONSENSE. A fair objection to the ery of “Turkey for the Turks,’ is that i$ begs the whole question at issue. ‘The English might as well justify thelr military occu- pation of Irdiand by saying “England for the English.” Macedonia and Thrace, Thessaly and Epiras cannot be considered as Tyrkey or the native land of the Turks, By the sword thev won the Innd, And by the sword they hold it still, They are to the Greck population in a minority of one to seven, and, theretore, by their own argument, they stand self-condemned. ‘Greece for the Greeks” will be the answer of candid on-lookers. And at the moment of writing comes the rumor o! av alliance offen- sive and defensive between Greece and the principall- ties, If the news be true tho Greeks are coalescing with men they hate and despise for the sake of oppo- sition tothe common foe. The spectacle is not’ with- out parallel in the annals of the world. UDIO NOTES. The warm weather seems to be sending the artists oat of the city and scattering them to all parts of the globe. They are all taking a run down to Philadelphia before leaving the city for the summer, so that the studios are nearly all deserted at present. E. Wood Perry has just returned from this trip and is now experimenting with an old picture to persaade himself that be 1 :.0t idle until he leaves for the Cats- | kills, which will be in a few days, L. E. Willmarth has been for the past week or two at the Centennial, and has not yet decided whether be will pass the summer in the city or not, 8. J. Guy is hard at work bringing nearer completion a picture of life size figures for Mr. P. Van Valkenberg. William F, De Haas has on his case! a largo marine, with a strong sunlight effect, illuminating Boon Island Lighthouse, The lonely rock, with its guidiug light, nine miles from landand surrounded by the stormy elements, give a poetical significance to the single gleam of sunlight which forces itself between the storm. clouds and falls upon the beacon tower, the stoue house of the keoper and the lifeboats, J.G. Brown has received peremptory orders from his physician to leave the city, and will obey them by starting for Pine Hill in a few days, He will leave several unfinished pictures on his easels, one being quite large, and representing two pretty young girls passing along a country road where a lad aboat their own age 18 fishing. One is looking back at him with the insunctive propensity for flirting, which 18 nn ele ment in some natures which cannot be overcome by the most Puritanical schooling. One of Mr. Brown’s Jutest pictures has been a surprise to his triends, as it shows the effect of the saine amount of knowledge and skill when applied to different subjects, This one, cailed “The Alarm,” represents a courtier of the six- leenth century, sword in hand, ready to protect a fair dumsel. The picture will be a popular one for several reasons, The face of the hero bears a striking resem- blauce to the ladies’ favorite, Rignold, and the expression also is very Ike him, The picturesque costume is of one of his favor- ite colors, a beautiful blue, and the whole figure might be taken for a realization of Henry V. as Rignold interprets the character. The picture has decidedly tho air of an imported picture, the colors arc showy, the fixtures well rendered, and though not more artistic than his treatment of everyday street scenes, it is decidedly more striking. David Johngon bas just sent from his studio a view on Lake George, and is making preparations for a sum- mer ramble along the St, Lawrence. There are two or three little pictures in his room over which a lover of the most refined art work delights to lingor, One of these is a picture which was in the recent Academy exhi- bitions, A mall of rocks on one side, with the low tide ex- posing the discolorations made by the water, and far off io the distance a delicately indicatea point of lawn land almost dividing the river. The figure of aman tishing, instead of disturbing the peaceluiness of the scene, ndds to the general feoling of rest and quiet, On avother small canvas a brook winds along, with jow, grassy banks on each side and the sunlight cross- ing. Near the foreground, on the Jett bank, 18 a group of chestnut trees’ which are worthy of Rousscau; in- deed, if they alone vore his signature the picture would be cailed a fine example of that well known art- iat, although the fame of the artist does not alter the quality of hw work, Most of the other artists in the association building are away from their studios. Mrs. L. B. Culver, who oceupi tudio No, 3, is of of the most successful of Wiiliam Hart’s pupils and is busy organizing a skcteniug class of young ludies simi- Jar to thut which Mrs, Beers has chaperoned for sev- eral years. They have the most delizhtiul times on these sketching tours, boarding generally at a farmhouse for several weeks, making a regular business of painting from wature under the guidance of the leader of the party during the day and in the evening they have the most sociable and uncouventional eptertaini which merry young natures can plau. Mra. Caiver hopes to start with her party about the miudle of July, and the young ladies who have alroady joined the party are an- Ucipating a summer of heulthy amusement and in- struction. George H. Story is bray with the largest compo- sition he has yet attempted. lt contains eight figures ou & canvas twenty-lour by ifty-tour inches. The figures are scarcely laid ‘in yet, but in some of the heads the artist bas touched in at the first printing the pore and natural color of real living flesh, which ts one of tho greatest of the many good qualities in his pctures, tor Mr. Story ranks as one of our best colorists. In this interior of an old country farmhouse he has introduced the figure cf a country -quire pointing with his gold headed cane to the fruit stolen trom hits trees by the guilty looking boy who stands beside it. Of course the boy should not have taken it, but the old man was mean to come into this quiet family and cause all this of, . The indignant sister staids by the baby’s nigh chair, and the ‘patient looking mother in the chimney corner, nursing her baby, turns round to look sorrowtully at the mischievous lad who iy the culprit. The picture is pot yet very far advanced, but promises to be one of the best Mr. Story bas painted, CRUELTY TO ANIMALS. While Veterinary Surgeon William GC. Breatherton, representing the Society for the Prevention of Crucity tu Animals, was passing the corner of Pearl and Wall streets yesterday, he saw a horse drawing a truck driven by James McGce, of No. 244 Lorimer street, Brooklyn, in a condition totally undtting tt tor work. ‘The horse was suffering from navicalar ulcerated to- flammation and was completely lame, Mr. Breatherton ordered McGee to take the horse out of the truck and he retused. Mr. Breatherton attempted to take the horse out of the truck, when McGee siruck him with a cart rung on the back of the neck, knock- ing him senseless into the street. He was about striking Lim again when M-. George E. Montanye, a sugar merchant, of No, 62 Barclay street, grappled with McGee and succeeded in wrest- ing the cart rung trom bim, thus saving Mr, Breather- ton’s life. On being arraigned before ce Wandell, at the Tombs Police Court, he was held on two charges of assault and battery anu crucity to animals, Mr. George Weeks ‘left his wagon and horse in front of the Erie Railway offices, Twenty-third street and Eighth avenue, yesterday. John O'Rourke, a drunken ‘or, caine along, and, vut of pure wilfulness, of the horse's tail and twisted ito. He wag arrested, and, on being arraigned betore Justice Duffy, at the Washmgton Piace Police Court, he was held for trial in default of $500 bail. THE COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. Comptroller Green signed warrants yesterday on the following accouats and transmitted the same to the Mayor for bis counter-signature:—Public Instruction, $0U8 42; reiunding taxes paid in error, $871 28; city contingencies, $52; Croton water main fund, $645 64; Street Improvement fund, $902 61; interest on the city debt, $700; contingencies Law Department, $111; contingencies Departinent of Taxes and Assessments, $5; printing, Stationery and blank Looks, $4,452 83; Jndgments, $158 61; contingencies Depariment of Burdings, $8; Dock fund, #1y 40; City Parks improve- ment fund, 150; Boulevard, roads and avenues, maintenance of, $54 15; Aqueduct repairs aud main. tenance, $340 59; Peblic Charities and Co mantensnce and government of $524 Ol. Comptroller Green part the floaung prop: erty und the repairs rolls of the Department of Docks yesterday to June 10, amounting to $962 90, MUNICIPAL NOTES. ‘Tho Board of Aldermen will hold & special meeting to-morrow, to transact all the urgent business on the general orders, «= —QUADRUPLE SHEET CHINESE CHEAP LABOR. ‘VIEWS OF COMMISSIONER PHILIP A. ROACH, OF BAN FRANCISCO—4 TERRIBLE EXHIBIT—A ‘MODINIOATION OP THE BURLINGAME TREATY IMPERATIVELY NECESSARY. Mr. Philip A. Roach, one of thé three Commissioners appointed by the Mayor and Board of Supervisors of the city of San Francisco, pursuant to an act of Legis- lature, to investigate the Chinese question, is at pres- ent 1a this city. He had a long conversation with a Hxnatp reporter yesterday and gave him a dotailea statement of his views on the matter and the history of the introduction and continuance of coolie labor in the Pacific States, as well as of the means at present being taken by the people of California to stay the in- crease of Chinese immigration, Mr, Roach’s starement is as follows :— Ihave been in San Francisco since 1849; 1 served in the California Senate of 1852, 1853 and in the sessions of 1873, 1874, 1875 and 1876, and aw one of the editors and proprietors of the San Francisco Examiner, The Chinese immigration commenced in 1849, when the Chinese kept restaurants and laundries, In 1852 a strong party was in favor of bringing them to Cali- fornia under contracts to perform labor for a certain uumber of years, A bill passed the Assembly to carry that idea into execution, bat was “i DEVEATED IN THE SENATE, I making the minority report against it. The high Prices charged for passage across the Isthmus of Panama in early times and the sickness prevailing at several periods on that route, as also the difficulty and delay of reaching California overland, retarded white immigration, Asa large fleet of sailing vessels traded with China each brought a considerable number of Chinamen, whom the people, from the absence of white labor, were compelled to employ. They were soon found in every portion of the State, many of them forming com- panies and engaging in placer mining. As long as the mines yielded a per diem which satisfied their wants they interfered but little with mechanical pursuits, But within the last twelve years there has been a marked change in the variety of their pursuits, Tho magrificent donations granted by Congress to the rail- ways caused a competition between the two lines to con. struct their respective routes as fust as possible. The Union Pacific employed white labor, the Central Pacific Mongolian Jabor, which latter course greatly stimulated immigration, The donation of the public domain was sufficient to have employed white labor on the Central Pacific route; but, as that of the Chinese could be obtained so much lower, the Central employed it, and actually had cheaper labor than its rival, After the road was com- pleted the laborers sought employment in towns and cities, and the intelligence transmitied to China that there was steady employment for thousands of their countrymen induced still more to come. THE ACTION OF CAPITALINTS. Atthis time many capitalists thought that Chinese labor trom its low price, compared with that of white labor, might be utilized in manufacturing industries, Tacy were employed in woollen mills, rope walks, boot nd shoe making, candlo making, in manutacturing clothing, cigar making, and, from their docility aud patience, proved auch apt scholars that their employers could gradually diminish the number of their white workmen, Large numbers of Chineso capitalists now nod the same men who Were taught by the white capitalists. Theformer live more cheaply, their ex- penses little exceeding that of the coolies, and they have abuudant capital, as they act in companies and can obtain money from China much cheaper than can be afforded by the banks of Sau Francisco to their cus- tomers. The Chinese merchants sell teas and sugars in such large quantities to the general trade that the business of the old American houses has rapidly dimin- ished. The wealthy classes are now taking part in this movement, and, to quote the words made use of at the grand mass meeting in San Francisco, which are more expressive than polite, ‘They arc squealing.” ‘The Chinese also enguged largely in the laundry bus!- ness and operated the sewing machines. Their labor hus been most prejudicial to that of the white female population. Many American women obiamed good Wages in laundry work, cigar making, making uvder- wear for men, women and children; trimming ladies’ shons, &o, ; but now, on account of the jower price at which the Mongoliaus work, they have been driven Marshal Kelly last week issued 504 licenses and re. | ceived $2,073 75 as fees and tues, ‘The Board of Revision and Correction of Assesa- ments has confirmed the assessments tor regulating, radivg, &c, Bighth avenue from Fifty-ninth street io fort sireet, The amount levied is $596,251 44 The Board also contirmed the astessmeuts tor a sewer tm 105th street irom the Hudson River to the Boule- vard, with lateras in lO08th aud 107th streets, The assessments amount to $94,031 3d The Comptrotier yesterday paid Martin B, Brown $6,491 44 on a judgment obtained against the city'ior printing and sta 42 ‘The saborers of the Dock Deportment wore yesterday paid $547 $8 as wages (or Lwo weeks, The = oi Public Works last week received $6,611 from their respective avocations, Americag women might obtatn employment at similar wages as that paid to the Chinese, but in such cases they would have to work in the satne shops, alongside the covlics, a degra- dation to which no respectable white woman would submit. Tne cheapness of Chinese tabor tor domestic Futeous. bus caused iis introduction into families, ‘here are thousands of Chinamen employed as domestics doing the wash.ng, ironmg, cooking and chamberwork of large fumihes, I regurd this innovation as a very dangerous one, It ts bringing a race notoriously im- moral in contact with the juvenile element of the fam- ily, and aithough Catharine or Bridges. may be more expensive us servants there are many moral reasons wuy they should be omployed in preterence to the Asiatic. The knowleage spread abroad that bouschold lavor is now so largely performed by Chinese has pre- vented the emigration of white girls irom the Kastern States. This isa Loss TO THE COMMONWEALTH ethat cannot be computed tn dollars and cents. Large numbers of girls who immigrated to California in car- Mer years have become married, are the heads of re- spectable families, and mahy are wives of husbands who, becsuse of the opportunities of California, have become immensely wealthy. The great advantages of California have not at- tracted an imuimgration to its shores euch as was at one time thought probable. Families composed of girls and boys come but in spare numbers, ‘Tbere is Jess employment in California for juvenile labor than in any other State in the Union. A parent cannot obtain employment for his boys and girls, ve- cause the Chinaman can work cheaper at everything that would support the former, The consequence 1s ‘that the youtbful classes in San Francisco are compelled to lead a lite of idleness, necessarily provocative ot vice and of a type of youthtul delinquency called, in Calilor- nia parlance, HOODLUMISM, It is alleged by the Eastern press that wo might c all the evila we complain of by State laws or city orh- nauces, Such is not the case, The State has jegisluted tor the purposo of excluding the tnflux of temales brought to California for immoral pur- . A law on that subject was framed by our best talent w meet constitutional objections. Yet tue Supreme Court of the United Staes recontly decided that the State law was null and void, and we are now lett powerless to protect ourselves from the influx of a class who are imported into our State and sold lor the yarpose of prostitution. They follow that calling as jong a8 possible, and, when hopelessly diseased, are frequently turned out to die in tbe Sand Hills, When laws or ordinances are violated our punishments framed to repress crime and vice among our own peo- ple must be applied to them. To the jatter % i# po punishment at all In our jails and prions they receive better rations than they obtain as laborers. Their cell room is fivefold router than the air space of their crowded tenements. 1 those instituvions the cost of their maintenance is four times greutey than their average expenses; there- fore prison life has littie terror for them. THE CHINKSE TOWN. A portion of the city of San Francisco, one of its oldest quarters, is now a Chinese town, 1t exhibits such an aspect of deg jou that the people of the northern portion of the” erty decided to open a broad avenue to prevent the necessity of the schoo! children passing through that section, and, at the last 4 ture, another street ranning southerly was ordored to be opened to prevent its increased occupancy by the Chinese, These two avenues, when completed, will have cost the ple of San Francisco nearly $4,000,000, which is rat by a tax on their property. Travellers who have visited China allege thay the Chinese quarter of San Francisco i more pestiferous than any of the Chinese towns. At the last session of the Legislature a commission was appointed vy the Senate of California to investigate the condition of affairs resulting irom this Chinese immigration. Tes- tumony was given by twO eminent physicians, Dr. fol- Jand and Dr. Shorb, of the of Health, who stated that American boys ot twelve and thirteen years of age were the victims of a loathsome disease con- tracted tn the Chinese quarter, and the Superintendent: of tho House of Correction, Captain Woous, gave sim. ilar testimony, There are now in the pesthouse m Sup Francisco eight cases of leprosy, all Cuinese. The Teport of the Senate commitioe will be prepared in nd will present sulject im all ice cannot bo done to the theme in the per article. Toe Logisiature of Caii- Jornia has at Various Gmes set forth the evils attending immigration under THE BURLINGAME TREATY, and bas requested its Represeaotatives and Senators at Washington Wo demand & moditication of that instra- . Twenty-six thousaud mechanics of Calitoruta ve petitioncd for redress, but as yet nothing has been done to remove their grievances. Theeity 0: San Fran- cisco bas appomnted Mr. Frank M. Pixiey, Colonel Mark G. McDonald a d myself to visit Washington and to imerview the lcading journals of the country ia relereace to modifying the treaty. The people of the Pacitic coast believe that in requesting the modification of a commercial treaty we shall have the mora! support of the people of the eutire Union when they are informed of the true character of the evils this Chinese inilux brings among as. The evils of which we complain will #00n cross tae Sierras, and other cities will have a plague spot equal to that ex- bivited by San Francisco, Sacramento and other cities Of the Pacillc coast. In 1866 the Chinese were a mere hanafal in the metropolqof the Facitic Now they umber 35,000, nearly wil adults. They have uwsurped nearly all the places to Le filled by white lavorers, have interviewed leading members of the House, Senators,, mombers of tho Cabinet and tho = President, and nearly all have xpressed, oo learning the irae condition of affwrs, u earnest desire tv grant reliel, The question of ro- tricting Chinese immigration forms a plank to the democratic State of Calitornia, and it is proo- able that at the National Republican Convention, to be held in Cincinnati this week, Senator Sargent will in- troduce resolutions declaring against the evils of the Burlingame treaty. [vie more than ‘what the Democratic Convention which will meet at St, Louis ‘Will pass strong resolutions on the same jor it se the paramount quesuou on the Pucifie MASS MEETING OF SEAMEN. A mass meeting of seamen was called for three P. ‘M. yesterday, at the foot of Wall stroct, in order to ex- Dress their feeling in favor of the passage by Congress of the amendment tothe shipping act offered by Mr. Elijah Ward on June 1. ‘Yhe number of actuul seaines present was small, the majority of those present being apparently "iongshoremen, boys and sailor boardii jouse keepers. Several sailors in the crowd expressed bitter opposition to the movement before the meeting waa opened, denouncing it asa scheme of the board- ing house keepers torovive the old system of robbing 80 prevalent here a few years ago, Several of the men said :—‘If a man wants to ship in a coaster he can’t do it till he pays one of the shipping masters in the little offices along South street $5, and then $5 more to the _ boarding hoase keeper and $2 to the Commissioner. 4t’a-bad enough as it is, but if Congress does away with the power of the Commissioner the thieves will got all, as they did before.” Another said:—“This is a trick of the boarding house keepers. They want ta repeal the Shipping act by having it amended. Why don’t they chain the sailors up at the foot of Wall ‘street and sell them for slaves at once.” About three o’clock Mr. Samuel Hewitt, the Chair man of the Association of Sailors, called the moeting to order and in a brief speech explained the object a the meeting. He then read the toliowing preamble and resolutions, which were immediately adopted without amendment or discussion, and the meeting was ab- ruptly deolared adjourned Whereas sinco tho spring of 1873 we have time and th ‘ain petitioned Congress: to repeal or xt + Shipping act of June, 1872; in . we sent to e great bouy of Americ: ic ports, with Instructions to to His Rxcoilency the President of and the Congress of thr United States, ‘asking for redress of the wrongs trated on us by the olficers appointed ander suid act. which redroa was promised us by the President and by Congress as w Wherens on tho Ist of Jungs, inst., throngh the persever gace of our employers and our attorney. Hou. Klijah W in the House of Representatives, reported @ bill irom the Commerce Committee to amend said act, which bill war passed Uy that honorable body, and would, if It became iaw, materially alleviate our condition by curtailing the powers of unprincipled men who now rule with «rod of iron; «nd whereas Repro Seelyo, of Massachusetts, on thus 4 i 1d against the passuxe of \ using his w ora against our Interests and om be- half of our bite fur enemies, falsely anserting em ee cee seamen, desire ange inthe law; there fore, Resolved, That we now, as ever. teel called upon to con demn the Shipping act of June, 1872, us arbitra and un Just, as injurivus to the taterests of our employers as well a ‘our own, as the scheme of designing men to further thei: selfish purposes under a guise of triendhness to the sailor und its advobates as the bitterest enemies of American soa men. Re: it the iclous pe toad of the protection P wel us that it is falsely ry those who reap & harvest therefrom. wed, That our attorney be, requested! ty rotarn out felt thanks to Hon, Mlijah Ward and all others by voice and action, have proved them: the friends of American soamen, aud that he “be requested to urge upon the Upper House oi also Congress the immedinte necessity for the passage honorable body of the Wi tf of June, 1872, aud as being the unanimous desire of Ameri- by that ‘urd amendment to the Shipping at cun seaman, Resoived, That our ey, Mr. James J. Ferris, of New York, whose honest, earnest and disintorested labors in our behalf has entitled him to the gratitude and confidence ot all American our only authorized attoruey with power to seek legisiative redress in our name. Rosolyed, That the benevolent public, as well as State and nationat legislatures, are cautioned ‘against @ horde of pious fraudy who aro perpe:ually soliciting charity throuxh- out jand and lexistutive enuctiments in the maine and on behuit of American semman without authority trom us or perceptibie beneficial results to any others than themselves. REAL ESTATE. Yosterday was a dulldayat the Exchange, All the auctioneers who had auctions advertised, with the ex- ception of Mr, Hugh N. Camp, adjourned their sales, Mr. Camp sold, in foreclosure, 5 lots, each 25x100, on Morris street, north side, 91 feet east of Central ave- nue, Twenty-fourth ward, for $1,750; 4 lots, each 25100, on northeast corner of Waverly and Madison avenues, for $2,000, and a plot, 100x125, on Waverly stroet, south side, 100 fect west of Madison avenue, South ims Twenty-fourth ward, for $2,000, to the plaints: TRANSFERS. Dlat st.. m. &., 160 f, ¢, of Bd av., 2010.5; JosephW, Cremin and wife to Elizabeth Fox... S8th st.. 4. se, 150it. @. of 7th m1 Solomon Dean and wife to e Tigt st. n. #., 285 th, w. of 3d av., 16,8%102, id to J. W. Cremis beth Fox and busbi 15,000 Fulton st., n. 6.; Charles M, rye) wit Remsen. 27,500 bai Cy gS, 62), w. s., 17.11x60.3; Mary Hayes to » Hay d others ft. rs ay 20, Ww. Sy 3 and wife to Mary Stols.. Lewis st., e. Nom. &, 100 ft. n, of Delancey, 25x101, 10xir- regular; Philip Michel and others to Felix Brown, 43d st... '8., 250 ft 0. of 2d. Ocstieichor so Bornhard Fiseh 15th st.. n. 8, 5 rad Pieffer an 41st st. n.s., 80 fe. Salamon aid husband to John amme to sam. 140th st, B. s.. M. Hoes (releree) 350 ft. eo! (referee) to wame. Spruce st., 518.9 ft. n. of Goid st., 18 11x46,7; O10 Higgins (reteree) tot. H. Boxrmat Seamimol st, w. 6, 789 fe.» of Daniel A. Gasseriy (referee) to H. Davis. 24,006 Gh av., 20. 6. of 120th #t., 20x75; John NI Lewis (referee) to Thomas Hansor Sith st., & 6, 59 ft, ¢. of Mth av.. 90.6 23; P. Forbes (referee) to G. F. Johnson... MORTGAGES. Hanson, Thomas, and wife, to Citizen's Savi ank, w. s. of ith av., a 2 ae 12,000 | year... sais 48 Buchan, James, and wile, to Jolin Carey, Jr. 5. of Prive st.; 5 years. - seve, 18,606 ustus ¥, Hoily, s,s. ofe ruand. . sess 2,000 wn, 6.8. of Lewin st, ii, a8 LO youre 1,50 ip Nichol and t 8,50 2,006 Edwacd, B.'s. of 108th st., 4,001 MeNamara, Patrick, and wi gran trial Savings Bunk, s 6 of 00th at.,e.of Is ave 1 Zachwoidie, Witliara, aad wife, to.Peter Stain, 6. 8 of Ludiow st., n. of Stanton; 1 year... 6, 2,006 Fox, Elizabeth, and husband, to Joseph W. Gremi n. & Of Slee st., @ of dd av. ; 3 years.. 7,000 Smith Mi and tand, 8,000 Weber, Adam, of a ‘8,800 5,000 TWENTY YEARS A BURGLAR Officer Meekin, of the Fourth precinct, for the pust four or five mornings noticed Louis Woil, alias French Louis, hanging around the corner of Ann and William streets, Yesterday morning he arrested him and found in ‘his possession four skeleton keys which fitted the door of Keeler & Allen’s cloth house, corner of Ann ana William streeis. On being arraigned at the Tombs, counse! for Wolt demanded his discharge on the gtound that be had not carried burg tools in the night time, Judge Wandell said, am reluctantly compelled to discharge the prisoner.’? Wolf has been afirst class burglar and sueak thief for over twenty years, and bas served three terms in State Prison, + we Avan aac aie Tinted. MO" Wathen Ses OBERT J. ROSENTHAL. TOHE re Wits DVANCES MADE ON DIAMONDS, A Nomelry and other goods: business coutdantial, TAM REDNAN, 114 Nassau st,. room 5, re LADY. MOURNING WILL BELL Low oi black Back, , A eA eee te BENPORD, Ty SOs, EAKEINGS, 900 $900) Ot Jr Wer Watches, 89 to $3); Gol Bracelets, $10 to $100; same ropaired. Brondway. GOING IN Jowett P)FAMON DS—RINGS, $15 to $700; Crosses, 830) Gold Watches, $10 to A tlphiy Disuiongs reset Watchen andJewel : + Watel c Sent LINDO Rkos. 1207 RIEDENSTEIN & ETTNGER ADVANCE MONEY AT ‘soven per cent per annum on Watches, Diamonds, Furs, Silks business con! 126 Bower ME ADVERTISER HAS SOME PERSONAL PROP. erty (Dininond Jewelry, ke.) in. pledge which be Is ww Able to redeem or to pay Mirthor Interest upon. Professions, dealers in pawntickets weed not apiy, but any private {ies looking for bargeius may communicate at once witt, +» Herald Uptown TPUE OWNER, OF A JCRGENSEN. DENT OR PROD. sham fly back, split second Itepeaor ean newt of & gAub ch office. purchaser by ing PEGASUS, box 4,850 Post ollie, State price, inh Ware: AND JEWELRY REPAIRED BY FIRST class workin GEORGE C. ALLEN, Z 1,190 Broadway, near 2h st, Li *) EAST 26TH 8T., NEAR LEXINGTON AV— ‘The highest prices pald for Diamonds, Watenes, Jeweiry, Siiks, Laces, ke. ; loans negotiated. 133 RAST 2TH ST.—FOR bg mg VERY | eiezant gold Neckchain and f satiu timished black MK; also one pais of q this took the Grst prize at the Vienna Exposition; mt bargain. peantae. had, 4 bP ad upTows raneh office ; room I; pari jadtes ; “bien etc Joni oe s Li