The New York Herald Newspaper, April 14, 1876, Page 4

DOM PEDRO IL, Historical Sketch of the Bra- zilian Empire FLIGHT OF THE BRAGANZAS. —a Return of the Royal Family to Portugal. THE CRY OF YPIRANGA. The Emperor on the Con- stitution. Rio Jaxsino, Feb, 20, 1876, Tho existence of the Brazilian Empire may be said to begin with the flight of the Braganza family from Portugal in the opening years of this century, That event, induced by the eflorts of Napolcon I. to carry into effect his famous continental blockade, by which be hoped to reduce England to submission by shutting her out from the commerce of the world and the ancient friendship existing betweon the governments of Bng- land and Portugal, stood in the way of his success. Germany, Italy and Spain at his command had closed their ports to British commerce, and it only remained to shut the last door, guarded by the feeble government of Portugal, to achiove success. The demand made te the Portuguese court was reluctantly complied with, | but Napoleon was not to be satisfied with half-hearted measures, Under pretence of defending Portugal from British retaliation he ordered Junot to enter Portu- gal with a strong division, Dom Joao, the Prince Re- gent, knowing that resistance would be useless, promptly decided on abandoning the kingdom and Putting the royal family beyond tho power of the tyrant. Neither the Prince nor his advisers foresaw the results that were destined to be produced by this flight, It was undertaken on receipt of the intelli- gence that Junot’s troops bad crossed the frontiers and wero moving by forced marches on Lisbon, Fear, and not profound calculation, led to the einbarkation of the Braganza family and the consequent foundation of an American empire, On November 27, 1807, ALL THR XXMMERS OF THE ROYAL VAMILY embarked at Lisbon, and two days later sailed from the mouth of the Tagus for the far-oif colony—the fabled land of Brazil The exiles were accompanied by a floct composed of seven ships of the ling, five trigates, two brigs and two luggers, including the British naval divi- sion, commanded by Admiral Sydney Smith, who had received orders from his government to convoy the Portuguese fleet. A tempest dispersed the squadron, some of the ship? arriving at Rio Janciro and oth making the port of Bahia—among the latter tho on which were embarked the Prince Regent and the Queen Dota Maria L. COMMENCEMENT OF GOVERNMENT, Tho first act of Doi Jodo on touching American soil was the promulgation of an edict declaring the ports of Brazil open to all mations at peace with Fortugal and | abolishing the colonial system which had hitherto rendered the commerce of the country | wholiy dependent on Portugal This edict, which taid the fourdation of the liberties and greatness of Brazil, was 1808. Hitherto foreign nations had been jealously ex- cluded from the Brazilian ports and the inbubitants forbidden all direct traffic with the outside world. On the arrival of the Court became necessary to organize ‘very department of government and to encourage by all possible means the establishment of manufactures, which, previous to the arrival of the royal family, had been sedulously repressed So great was the impulse given to the national life by the new found liberties shat the organization of the public powors was rapidly completed, and in all departments a vigor and activity developed that were hitherto unknown, In a few mouths Brazil was transformed from an oppressed province to a sturdy and ambitious nation, Fortune having driven the royal tamily to Bahia, the people of that city were anxious that it should be made the seat of government. This claim was, how- ever, dented on grounds of state policy, and on the 7th of March, 1808, the royal family arrived in Rio Janeiro, which had been chosen for the seat of gov- ernment, and where they were welcomed with the wildest enthusiasm. DISEMBARKATIO“ OF THR BRAGANZA FAMILY, The following curious details of the reception of tho Portuguese royal family in the Brazilian capital, Rio Janeiro, are taken from the records of the session of tue Common Council of Rio Janciro, held on the 23d of Mareb, 1808 ;— The ship Queen of Portugal, having on board the In- tantas Dofia Maria Francisca and Doia Isabel Maria, daughters of the Prince Regent, Dom Joao; Doda Fran- tisea Benedicta, Princess of Brazil, and Dona Mari- Auna, the Prince’s aunts, arrived before the Portuguese #quadron, January, 1808, the Common Council, accompanied by the judges and market clerks and mavy citizeng, went on board to Welcome these members ol the royal family. The following day the Common Council announced by proclamation the arrival ot their Highnesses, and decreed tliummations for three days, the Council repeated their visit on board and requested the Cathedra! Chapter wo offer up prayers tor the safe areeyat of the Prince Regent, and then there were nine assisted, On the 7th day of March anchored in the port, having on board tt ENT AND THK QUKK Doha Maria 1, and on the same at seven o'clock in the evening, the Common Council, accompanied by the juages, market clerk: itizens, went dn board, and, having obtained permis- sion, all kissed the hand of the Prince, to whom the President of the Council, in a short discourse, signified his respect and homage." Having obtained permission, wy proceeded to salute the Queen aud ber daughters, Her Majesty holding iu her arms ber daughter, Maria da Assumpcao. b LANDED, At four o'clock op the tollowing afternoon the Prince issued January 28, | On their arrival in this city, the 17th day of | standard bearers und many | Several times | | ly prayers, and at all of them the Common Council | | ment Brazil became the ship Royal Prince | try, and one of the tirst acts of his government of Montevideo and other Spanish-American republies of | battalions of soldiers joined the citizens, the River Platte, iu which Brazil gamed ceither honor nor profit, This eventis worthy of note as marking thd beginning of a policy of ambition and aggression which has never been abandoned by the Empire and has caused much misery aud bloodshed and the expendi- ture of vast sums of money on profitiess and unneces- sary foreign wars. In 1815 Dom Joao ruised Brazil to the rank of a kingdom, and im the following year, on the death of his mother, the unfortunate Dota Maria 1, this prince took the title of King Joao VL The outbreak of a revolutionary mo’ ment in Pernambuco, however, delayed his cor- ovation, Had the leaders of this movement possessed more energy and some practical knowledge of government it is probable the Empire of Brazil would bever have exist but fortunately for the Braganza family the leaders were wanting in the resolution ana administrative abuity needed in revolutionary move- ments. Between the Brazilians of every origin and the Portuguese there existed from the early colonial days & strong antipathy which never lost an opportu- nity of displaying itself, This feeling has at ail times been very pronounced in the northern provinces. Tho struggle between THK UNITED STATES AND ENGLAND had planted the seeds of a desire for independence that only waited a iavorable moment to develop inte open revolt. The arrival of the royal family had for a mo- ment checked the aspiration for independence, but the ople of the northern provinces were too far removed rom Court influence to abandon easily their republican sympathies, The desire for independence was formed by communication with foreign na- tions, and the teachings of the secret societies spread over the country, directed by the abi most illustrious minds of Brazil. ‘he governmeat apd | attempted to check the opem propagandism of the re | publican party by arresting Its most important leaders in Pernambuco. This measure might have met with the wished for suceess but for the resistance of an | army capiain, José de Barros Lima, named by bis companions “the crowned lion,” The name evidently was uot ill bestowed; for when the Brigadier Barbosa, | the colonel of his regiment, attempted to arrest him, Barros Lima drew lis sword aud cut the Colonel doy ‘This act was the signal for the outburst of the insu rection, March 6, 1817. pletely ‘successtul, ‘The Governor of Peruambuco sur- Tendered and a provisional government was organ- ized, composed of the best known and most prominent ropublicans. This body displayed an utter Incapacity tor government, occupying itself in decreeing Utopian ameiiorauions and neglecting to take measures to sus- tain themselves against the efforts the government at Rio Janeiro was certain to make for the suppression of the insurrection. MIWSIONS TO THE PROVINCES. ‘Their only sensible act while in power was the send- ing of emissaries to the other provinces, and such was the success that attended the messengers of the revolution that Parahiba, Rio Grande do Norte aud Alagoas immediately followed the example of Pernam- Due and d for the prot Arcos, Brazil would probably nave followed the exam- plo of the Spanish American colonies and split up into a number of independent republics. Without waiting for Instructions he seized the rovolutionary emissarics, condemned the cele- brated Padre Homa to’ be shot, and had him executed at Campo Polvora (powder camp), near the city of Bahia, Following up this act of severity, he organized and despatched expeditions by sea und land against the insurgents, who wore occupying their time issuing ridiculous decrees, At the last moment, roused to a sense of theirdanger, the leaders prepared to sustain themselves by force of arms, but they were as little suited to command in the veld as to direct in the cabinet, and alter a jew unimportant combats they abandoned the struggle and sought safety in flignt. | siost of the important leaders, however, were captured and executed. Great excesses were committed by tho | military commission charged with the trials of the in- | surgents, und it was not until the coronation of Dom Joao in February,.1818, that a pardon was extended. t o the less compromised who were still in prison, APTER PRACK. With the restoration of peace came clamors froin Portugal jor the returs of the Court; but Dom Jodo was in uo hurry to leave Brazil, which be preferred to his native country, Even the revolution of Oporto ouly induced him to consent to the sending of the heir presumptive, Dom Pedro, to treat with the Cortes, promising, atthe same time, that such parts of the new Portuguese constitution as might be suited to Brazil would be adopted in their integrity. This reser- vation pleased neither the Brazilians nor the Portu- guese, and on the 26th of February, 1821, the people compolled the King to take an oath to support tho constitution such as it should be mado by the repre- sentatives of the Portuguese nation. The King did what the people demanded, and popular enthusiasm rose to fever heat The horses were taken jrom bis carrwge, which was drawn from ‘the city to the Palace of Sio Christarao by the people, amid shouts tor the King an constitution. This good understanding was, ho of short duration between the Portuguese and the Brazilians. A decree of the Vortes, ordering the return of the King to Por- tugal, caused dismay among the Brazilians, but was ro- ceived with joyous demonstrations by the Portuguese residents, who feared the growing spirit ot independ- ence in the Brazilan people and were anxious for the restoration of their commercial monopoly, With con- siderable reluctance the King consented to obey the mandate of the Cortes and return to Portugal, leavin; the royal rrince Dom Pedro invested with the power ot Regent, The decree announcing the King’s ture was published on the 7th of M 1821, and on the same date wero iss directions for the election. of deputies to the Lisbon Cortes, The assembling of the electors took place at Kio Janeiro onthe 2ist of the same month, when a Gisposition was manifested to overstep the | po power delegated to thom. Instead of contiuing them. selves to the election of deputies to the Lisbon Cortes they demanded that the King should immediately ADOPT THR SPANISH CONSTITUTION, to forbid the naval’ squadron, v" he King to Portugal sailing trom the port of Rio Janeiro, Under these circumstances the government resolved to disperse the electors. A company of soldiers surrounded the House of Assem- bly in the Praca de Commercio, and, having fired a vol- Jey into the building, entered with fixed bayonets and drove out the representatives of the people, some twenty-five of whom were killed and wounded, away, Under cover of the terror caused by this coup de main the King cinbarked on the 24th of April, accom- panied by all the royal family except the Prince Dom Pouro, whom bistory has held responsible as the author of this massacre, The royal party sailed on the 26th of April, ls2i. On the arrival of Dom Jojo in Portugal the Lisbon Cortes immediately ordered the return of Dom Pedro to Europe in order to complete his educa- tion, But he had decided on a different line ot acuon, aud in auswer to several petitions from the people that he would continue to dwoll among them, he replied 3;— “As it is for the good of all and the ge eral felicity of the nation, tell the people I will stay.”” THE PORTUGUESE TROOPS and residents were greatly displeased at this answor, Unaer command of General Torge de Avilez Zeezarte the Portuguese troops seized upon the Castello do | Jared tor independence, Had it not been | pt and decisive action of the then Gov- | ernor of Bahia, Dom Marcos de Noronha, Conde dos | At first the rebels were com- | Morro, which commands the town, and undertook to | compel the Prince to embark for Portugal The Bra- zilian soldiers and citizens espoused the cause of the Prince, and an armed conflict was imminent; but, fortunately, it was avoided, and the Portuguese troops embarked for their native country. From this mo- practically independent. On the 1th of January, 1822, Dom Pedro organized his slinis- to issue a decree that no law enacted by the Cortes should in future eany force until first approved by the | Prince Regent. | Prince. Reyent und the royal funnily disembarked, except the | Queen, on account of the stato of her health. ships amd forts Gred salutes on this occasion, and the peuple eried, ‘Long live our Prince!” *Long live our Suvereiga |’? “Long live our Emperor!” Ciose to the quays of toe Largo de Pao an altar was erected, where | Hood the chantor of the diocese, clad in the priestly restinents, and two other canons as presbyters Arrived ut the stairs of the quay the Prince was ro- zeived by the Common Council, the clergy, nobility aud people, and, approaching the altar, Le Kissed tne holy wood, saluted the Chapter and walked on foot to | the cathedral, accompanied by the people and priests, Who imtoued psalms of praise to God for the sale arri- Vai of the sovereign. Both the | coxriicrs oF A@ruority. About this time serious conilicts of authority took place in tho provinces between the partisans ot the Lisbon government ana the supporters of Dom P administration, and the cou: appeared to be on the verge of ‘civil war. This dang was happily averted by the dexterity and personal influence of the twas on his way back from an excursion of reconciliation to Sao Paulo that the Prince heard the Lisbon Cortes bad peremptorily ordered bis return, condemning at the saine time all his acts. THK CRY OF YPIRANGA. The time for dissimulation had passed, It was nec- essary to act boldly and promptly, and Dom Pedro proved equal to the occasion. Neur the uttle river Ypiranga, in the province of sio Paulo, he received the famous despateb, and, casting kis fortune on the die, he gave utterance to the cry ot Brazilian liberty, INDKPENDENCK OR DRATH,"” which, tak: p with enthusiasm by tne people, rolled like a thunder roar over the vast territory of Brazil. This memorable event cecurred on September 7, 1822, and on Octover 12, 1% being bis birthday, Dom'Pedro | Was proclamed ‘Constitutional Emperor of Brazil.’ ‘On entering the church the “Te Deum’? begav, and | when tw the Paco, In this square on the east sule were visible 5,000 or 6,000 lights, placed on a triumphal in Parapet supported by arches, the middle of which appeared the portrait circled by the following legen tiew, Prudence, Fortitude, Maynuniwity.”” On one side rose a figure of America enraptured, the plume of (eatbers talien, offering te her Prince gold and dunvuds, and issuing trom ber mouth these words: “More than all, the heurt,” On the opposite side Asia and Afmes, porsontiied by the elephant and camel, brought olleritigs to the Prince, tributes and tokens of The upper part of the monument rep: y vereng, sytobolizing the bappivess and peace that the arrival of the Prince shed upon the coun- try. Tho whole was crowned by. the royal arms, und uuderneath were inscribed some verses frum Virgil. oN nd also the music in a gal- lery coustructed ip the square, On the winth day the Prince went to the cathedrat to Aesist ata muss abd “Te Deum.” thurch two galleries, aad at night there was handkiss- lug anda royal ievoo. wan Almoat the first act of Dom Jodo was a declaration of war against France. ln this document be «aid, “The Portuguese Court raised its voice trom the bosom ‘of the new empire it had come to create.” A tigure of & that had in :t something prophetie, 1 is cor- taiw that whee writing (hese words their author bad Uitsle idea how wove events were to justify them. MOMK GOVAKNMENT. Although the establishment of the court at Rio Janeiro was looked upon as merely temporary, it was found necessary tu create the Department of Justice and schools the popular title of the “Crtizen his wise administration roads were | bpet r cies oe ufactures encouraged, and a more just avd cquita- Sle wrestment extendes to the Indian popolation. Un- fortunately for the Brazilian people the goverumen' as not cuntented with peacelul conquests. hid aint h Cayenne in ful ition inst Frenc! 1000 (oan followed | y au armel weterleronce in the aflairs = was ended the royal personages proceoded | lu order to lend more weight to his agsumption of the imperial dignity the pow Emperor was consecrated sol- Cathedral of Rio Janeiro by the Bishop 4a ho, and on the same day was instituted tho new order, do Uruyeiro, destined to reward important services rendered to the State, REIGN OF DOM PEDRO 1. A fow u tant encounters dispossessed the Por. tuguese of the few pointe held by them in Brazil. The first constituent Assembly, numbering filty-three members, met ou the 17th of April, 1823, aud, after a few preliminary scssions, was solemniy inaugurated on the 3a of May by the Emperor, This Assembly imme- | diately divided into two parties, liberal and imperialist, | There were in the | The Empire weut at once into opposition, and such was th violence of the appeals le to popular passion that the Emperor decided on dissolving the Assembly and exiling some of the more reiractory members, THK CONSTITUTION, In order to calm the public mind the Emperor issuea & manifesto censuring the conduct of the Assembly aud promising to co stil more liberal than the one projected by the As- sembly, A Council of State was appointed to aid the Kmperor in constructing or rather compiling a con- stitution for Krazit, This document, which ts a cur' ons blending of democratic and ubsolutist principles, Was promulgated carly iu 1824, Was 8. orn to in the Capitol on the 26th of March. It continues in forco to the present day. It was not until May 3, 1826, that the Reprosentatives of the nation elected under the constitution met, This body is known #8 ‘General Legislative Assembly,” and is composed of the Cham- ber of Deputies ai Senate, Portagal (onkanrenpanee nucommiEaR, uy formally acknowledged t independence of Brazil im August, 1825, and was restored through the good oitices of the British goverament, In this year Montevideo seceded from Brazil, and, sup- ported by the Argentine Coniederation, waged war sac- cessiully against the torces of om Pedro, These mis- fortunes and a dispositiot, to acts of arbitrary power rapidly weakened the larity ot the Emperor. By unwisoly appoyting a Ministry of pronounced reaction ary tendencies he threw down tho gantlet wo popular | PO ay he ge was © tumaltuous assent- people the Cam) da Anna, and # formulated demand ‘or the restoration to power of the dismissed Ministry. Irri- tated by this demand, the Emperor replied (hat “he would do all for the people, nothing by ” When this reply was communicated to the assembled multitude they broke out into seditious cries, inisters who had done so much to create the | on the nation a constitution | o's | Several | NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, APRIL 14 1876. ~TRIPLE- SHEET, —- and the more violent proposed the dethronement of the Emperor. Dom Pedro, learning the turn affairs had taken, sent cone of his aides-de-camp to announce his abdication in lavor of his son, the present Emperor, who was pro- claimed, under the title of Dom Pedro I1., on the 7th of April, 1831. The announcement was reeeived with general satistaction. A tew days later the ex-Emperor and his young wife sailed for Europe on board the kog- His yer ship the War Spite. He never returned to raz DOM PEDRO i. The young gentleman suddenly called upon to rule a nation had only a little time before completed bis ufth year. He was born at hulf-past two o’clock on the morning of the 2d of December, 1825, in the palace culled the Guinta da Boa Vista. He was baptized in the imperial chapel on the 9th of the same month aud year, having for godmother the Princess Imperial, af- terward Dofa Maria II, of Portugal, aud for godtather Senhor Pedro de Alcantara. On the 2d of January, 1826, his august father dedicated him to the Virgin in : je Church of Gloria - ss nd & devotion practised began at an early age, for, on the 2d of August of the same year he Was presented to the assembled repre- sentatives of the nation and by them recognized as Prince Imperial and heirtothe throne, This ceremony took place in the court of the Senate, in presence of thirty-nine Senators and eighty-eight Deputica of the lower house, MOUNTS THE THRONE Called to the throne in 1831, when he was not yet six years oid, he was placed under the tutelage of Boua- facio de Audrada, an advanced liberal, by the express wish of higtather, who was thus forced by circum- stances to pay bomage toa great man whom he had treated with ingratitude if pot with imjustice, During the minority of Dom Pedro H, Brazil was torn by civil dissensions. The partisans of the ex-Emperor and the republicans, equally discontented with the existing order of things, sought, in frequent armed insurrections, to overwhelm the government of the Regency, Had there been more concert among the republicans in all probability they would have succeeded, but ia all cases volts were partial and aimed more at the estab- ment of locul independence than the reeonstruc- co | tion of the general government, The concession made 1n the constitution of a limited self-government to the provinces did more to defeat the separatist tendencies than did the armed force of the govern. ment, for it deprived the revoiutionary move- ments of the popular support that would not have been wunting against a more centralized sys- tem. The idea of the autonomy of the provinces was borrowed from the United States, and though the powers of the provincial assemblies are far more lim- ited than are those of the States in the American Union, there Is enough Jocal self-government to satisty the conservative element of the population aud render them unwilling to risk any radical changes, THR CONSTANT REVOLTS and disturbances of order which marked the govern- ment of the regencies created a very general desire tor ‘oater stability in the excculive power, and some of the ablest Brazilian statesmen looked to the accession of the young Emperor as the best means of putting an end to the reigning disorders, With this end in view & project was Introduced into the Legisiative Assembly in the year 1840 to declare the Emperor of ago, and notwithstanding the resistance of the Regent and the Ministry, the measure was carried by acclamation. On the 24d of July, 1840, Dom Pedro IL. took the oath tw the constitution in the presence of the two houses, and at once entered into the full exercise of all the rights and functions belonging to his high condition, In this country the head of the government exercises: an amount of authority which is without parallel out- side the pure autocracies. CAURR. The cause is to be sought in the origin of the consti- tution. Compiled under the direction of the flest Km- peror, itis not to be wondered at if the interests of the ruler and his fumily have been so caroiully at- tended to that the Brazilian constitution may 4o re- garded as a family document. In order that the Amer- jean public may be able to judge of the influence ot the monarch in the direction of the public affairs of Brazil, some extracts from the constitution are here- with presented :— THE EMPEROR IN THR CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE 84.—The moderating power Ix the key to the entire political organization, und 1s delegated exclusively to the | Emperor, as supreme ‘chief of the nation and its first repre- unceasingly over the main- vontative, t ce, equilibrium and barmony of tenanceot 1 he may independen teal powers. . .—The person of the Emperor is inviolable and sa- cred, and is subject to no re: nsibility. ‘ANT. 100.—His titles are “Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil.’” Aut. 101.—The kmperor power:— 1, By nominating the Senators according to article 43 [¥. «, selecting one of three names submitted by the elec- exercises the moderating ‘aordinary Assctnbly General in the whenever the good of the Empire . netioning the decrees am ly in order that the y { ropolutions of the General 4. Approving and y have the fires of laws. provistonally the resolutions of the Provincial Gouncils. Proroguing or adjow ning the Gen2ral Astombly. and dirsolving the Chamber oi: Deputies in case the salvation of the State should require it; convoking Immediately another to replace it. 6 Nominating and dismissing freely the Ministers of 0. i miing the magftrates under anicle 154 (i. where complaiats are made against them, The charges ubmitted to the Council of State and legal proceedings afterwards taken against the accused). . und moderating the punishmests imposed on by legal judymer sy im urgent case: ood of the Stute, ¥. Granting any 1d when counselled by bumanity or the THK RXKCUTIVE POWER, Ant. 102.—The Emperor is the chicf of the executive through his Ministers of State. Hi Judes. lig remaining civil and political offices, 5. Yo uppoint the commanders of the laud und sea forces and remove them as the service of the demand. 6, To nominate ambassadors and other diplomatic and commercial agents. 7. To direct political negotiations with foreign nations. & To make offensive and defensive treaties of alliance, and when voncluded informing the Assembly as soon us the interest and security of the State permit it. Ifthe treaties concluded in time of peace involve the cossion or the ex- of the Himpire or of ‘possousions to ight, will uot be ratified Assembly. . furnishing the Assem- compatible with the in- jon ay may be security of the State, grant letters of naturalization according to the jaw. 11, To confer titles, honors, military orders and distine- tions in rcomponse Yor services done to the State, the po- cuniary rewards depending on the approval of the Assembly not alreudy assigned by law. decrees, Instructions and regulations for the proper execution of t! decree the application of u Assotubly to the various wi evenue destined by rauches of the public to the decrees of the coun. y ecclesiastical co t ton, and preceai D> Assembly if they are of general application, ‘» provide everything needful for the internat and ex- 1 security of the State. roval “= Art, 103.—Before being proclaimed the Emperor will make the following oath which shall be tendered to him by President of the Senate in presence of the united Cham- Roman Catholic Apostolic visibility of the Empire, to t of the Brazilian to promote ay fur as lies in my por perity of Bi Ant. 104. Emperor cannot go out of the Empire of Brazil without the consent of the General Assembly: should he do so, it will be understood that he abdicates the crown. ENDOWMENT OF THK IMPRRIAL PAMILY. * and his first born that of he title of “Prince Imperia! ‘rince of Grand Para others th The heir presumptive and the Prince of G: d‘Para will be das “Luperinl Highness,” the other princes as aoe Ant, 106,—On completing his fourteenth year the balr pre- sumptive will take the follow: before the tthe Senate and the sw n the Rom t of ee atu jon ot the Brazilian mation and to be obe- jaws und to the Emperor. sral Assembly, as soon as the Emperor d the Empress, Bis aust spouse, f dignity, nt. 408th income assigned to the present Emperor use should be incr seein, ermit the ie Assembly will also assign an attendance to the prince imperial and the other princes when they «re born. The allowances granted to the princes shall cease only when they leave the empire. Ant. 110, —The preceptors of the princes will be chosen and nominated by the Emperor, aud the Assembly will fix therr salaries, which shall be pal by the na Aur. i11.—in first session of will exnet Aut, 113,—The who marry and leave the Empire to reside abroad shall be given, once only, a sum voted uy the Assembly, with which shall’ cease the allowances that they receive. ART. 114.—The endowments, allowances and marriaj portions spoken of In the preceding nrticles suuil be pald oy, The pubsie treasury to's major dowo nominated by the Ene eror, PeAME 115.—The palaces and national tandy actually pos. sessed by Dow Pedrg I, shall always remain the property of his successors, and the nation shail care for the ucquisith ‘and construction that may be jadged couvenient tor the di cency and recreation of the Emperor and lis tamily, ‘THK IMPRRLAL SUCCESSION. Aut, 116.—The Senhor Dom Pedro 1., by the unanimous ac- clamation of the j¢ actual constitutional Kuperor aud perpetual defer all ulways rein in Brasil, ART. 117.—His legitimate descendants shall succeed to the throne, according to the regular order of primoxeniture aud terior branch being always preferred same branch bly will choose the new dyna: survivor and during bis reign. ‘Aut. 11¥.~No foreigner can succeed to the mperial throws of ant, 130.—The marriage of the prinecsst ART. 120.—The marriage of the prineoss hel ve to she crown oball take place at ths plousureot the Renceron r ing as th when thiy marriage is ot be without the consent: It have borne him a son or a daughter, Aut, 121.—The Emperor is « tniuor until he hi completed 121 — nor unt his eighteenth year. : Ant, 122.—During his minority the Empir all be a erned by @ regeney. of ae the mearess te or £. ror uver cighteem years of age will tak, The order of succession. oo er ‘ANT, 123.--If the Eniperor should have no relative who unites these qualities the Empire dal! be governed e janent Regeney, ted by the i ral i. Pempoved of vires meravers, the oldest of waver shall be Ant, 124,—As long as this Regency is not clected the Em pire shall be governed Provisional regency, SAS ceietilis Gotan or atta oar Se the im her absence by the oldest | ease of the death of the reigning Empress | of State. ry ‘over the reveue; nes berees | oud OF sas 0 or mental, recogni: ‘by # majority ot each chi ror sl a Art, 106,—The heir prearenits tothe Empire will have | i um corresponding to the honor of his | Assensbly, the Frings pleted his a ys Aur. 127,—The Regeut ax well as the Regoncy will take Sassitn tc the eesperer sock of superar hae goceremest ity to the Kiuperor surren 1 fovhita as soon as be shall reach his majority or his lmpedl> ment cease, v Ant, Lis. —The acts of t! shall be done in the mam ‘The Heguoey com “Phe Prince imperial comin: ‘Ar. 120,—Neither the Regency nor the Regent suall be Tether Li.—During the minority of the, successor to. th 1 nor! 0 von peteun appanted a ie father’s will shall be hi guardian, In the xbsenco of this persou the tmpresy Mother, fu euse she shall not have d again; and sho failing, the Ger a Aen, — oi retell moan to 19 one can ever ardian to the Kin Hi ysacgecsion wo che throne would fall in bis absence, IMPERIAL INFLUENCE. From this extract it will be seen that the influence | of the reigning sovereign pervades the whole political system of the country. All the avenues to political preterment are opened or closed by the favor of the Monareh, One of the unfortunate resuits of this stato ‘of things is the absence of that healthy independence in the national character which is a distinguishing trait ‘ot those nations enjoying sound politicul ireedom. It greatly to the credit of the reigning Emperor that the possession of so much power at 80 early ap age failed to vitiate bis mind—a result due, no doubt, to the wise councils aud careful training reeéived at the hands of his preceptor, the illustrious Andrada, who, with his brotner, was appointed minister on the accession el the young Emperor. FIRST ACT OF POWER, Dom Pedro’s first act of authority was the extension | of a complete amnesty to all political offenders, This measure, as wise as it was just, captivated at once the esteem of the whole country, and was welcomed incapable of governing, in his place Maperia’auall wovert tf he shold "huve' cou on and of the Regent of tie inperor after, his or ands in 1 e wae of the Kel nds in the name of the throne the as a prognostic that his reign would be marked by gentieness and enignity. Its el- fects were tnmediately visible m_ the extinc- tion of the ervic strife that had torn the province of Maranhao, Equai success did not, however, attend the attempted pacification of Rio Grande do Sul, where the civil war continued to rage until the open- ing months of 1845, when the’ leaders of the move- } ment laid down their arms, alter a sanguinary struggle which had lasted tor nine years. DOM PEDROS MARRIAGE. The next important event in the lite of this monarch was bis marriage with bis present wite, the Princess Theresa Christine, sister of the King of the Two Sicilies, which took place by proxy at Bist of May, and was ratified at Rio Janeiro on the 4th of September, 1843. Four children were the fruit of this union, The first born, Don Alfonso, came into the world on the 23d of February, 1845. He died on the Lith of July, 1847, On the 19th ot July in the fol- lowing year was born another Prince Imperial, Dom Pedro Alfonso, He followed his brother to the grave on the 10th of January, 1860. With the death of this young prince the male line of Dom Pedro J. became extinct, and the succession devolved upon the Im- perial Princess, Doia Isabel, who married Louis Philippe’s son, the Count d’Eu, October 15, 1564, TROUBLE WITH KNGLAND, 'Yhe slave trade, despite the solemn engagements of the government with the civilized Powers, was carried on in thonost unblushing manner, aud the constant protests addressed to the Kmpcror’s government went unheeded, England at length established a sysvem of search in the interests of humanity, and the Brazilians were obliged to submit to the humiliation of seeing ships captured in their waters and within gunshot of their forts by a foreign Power. This state of things was productive of a hostile fecling betweea the two na- tions, The plundering of a shipwrecked British crew caused the British to blockade the harbor of Rio Janeiro, but the moderation of the Emperor's govern- ment under this insult saved Brazil trom a coutlict prepared the way for the abolition of negro slavery, Which is still the blackest stain on the escutches ol the Empire, A law was passed forbidding the impor- tation of slaves, aod this measure, which seems to have been entorced in good faith, put an end to the abomi- able trailic in human beings, VORKIGN WARS Aseries of successful toreign wars with the neigh- boring Spanish-American Republics contributed to tho gigry of the present Emperor and the consolidation of Brazihan nationality. Whether or ‘not the political redominance secured by the immense sacritices of Brood and treasure which these conflicts involved wag worth the cost, remains yet tobe seen. What 18 certain is, that under cover of obtuininy reparation for real or supposed injuries, the Brazilian government has pursued a policy 1 wherited from colonial times in endeavoring to estubhsh itself on the Rio Piata, a icy which, if successful, would in time render razil MISTRESS OF THR SOUTH AMKRICAN CONTINENT, At the present moment her fleet controls this great highway of Spauish-America, and her troops, under one pretence or another, continue an armed occupa. | tion of Paraguay, im spite of the irequent protests of | the government of that Republic and in contempt of | solemn treaties, Much of the turbulence and blood- | shed which stain the records of the neighboring RKe- publics are, with some appearance of truth, attributed to the ainbitious intrigues of the government of Dom Pedro, which tollows, with respect to the Spanizh Re- publics, the oid Roman system of dividing in order to Tule, The first foreign war of this reign was the inva- sion of Montevideo, undertaken in order to prevent that city {rom falling into the hands of General Oribe, | who had blockaded it, | ORIRE » } was the friend and adherent of Rosas, the celebrated | Dictator of Buenos Ayres, and was, thereiore, looked | upon as an enemy ot Brazil, On the approach of the Brazilians and their alles of Corrientes and Entre Ri we ffiendly invader, This success wus followed by the invasion of isuenos Ayres Success here also alighted upon the allied staudards, and Rosas, deieated on the 2d of February, 1852, in a battle fought at Moron, was compelied to seek salety in fight, DEATH OF LOPEZ. The Brazilion arms were next turned inst Lopez, the celebrated dictator of Paragua om Pedro’ part in the active hostilities of Unis war was coniined to joining the division of the army commanded by the Visconde de Porto Alegre, overating against a Para- guayan division that bad inyaded the province of Rio | Grande and committed great devastation. Not having any taste jor military life, his participation in the war was contined to animating the troops by his pres- euce. He had, however, the good fortune to arrive in time to witness. the surrender of the Paraguayan divi- on of 6,000 men commanded by Colonel Estigarribia, who had unwisely shut himsel! up in the town of Uru- guayana, Leaving the army alter this auspicious event, be returned to Rio Janeiro to concert meas- ures jor the invasion of Paraguay. THK STRUGGLE, though unequal, was long and desperate, Lopez ex- | hausting ali the resources of his country in resisting the overwhelming forces brought against him by the | alhea Powers. During the flye years the war lasi it is estimated Brazil lost 150,000 men, valuable lives she cou'd ili spare. Lopez was at last siain in the battle of Serra Vora, calied also Aquidabam. His death put an end to the war. FIRST VOYAGE OF DOM PRDRO iL Peace now reigned over the Empire, which, in spite of toreigh wars and intertal dissensions, had made considerable advances in the road of material ad- vancement. The Emperor had long cherisued a desire to visit Europe and examine personally the wonders of its civilization. Applying to the Legisiative Assem- bly for the permission to leave the Empire, his west was granted, aud in the month | ot May, 1871, he satled irom Kio Janeiro tor Lisvon | on board the Engitsh steamer Douro, Having visited | the most celebrated places im Europe, he passed over to Africa to examine the two great monuments of human skill, the pyramids of Egypt and the Suez Canal, mg this voyage Dum Pedro won goldeb opinions by iis | amiability and intelligence, The foliowing year he re. turned to Brazil. DOOM OF SLAVERY. During the abseuce of the monarch the regency was couferred upon the Princess Imperial Jsavel, an it was under her administration that th slavery was decreed. In the existiig condition of Bra- zilan soviety the extending of immediate ireedom to the slave population would have been pro- ductive of disustrous resuitg’ Uniortunately jor Brazil, its agricultural wealth is almost wholly de- | pendent on slave labor, and when the day of complete ‘ewancipation arrives it is to be feared that much of the present prosperity will disappear unless in the mean- | time the tide of emigration sets in a strong current | toward the southern provinces, No event of im. perial Mayesties wave the birth of a nex prince im- rial, the son of the Dowia Isabel and the Count d’ku, The visit of their Imperiml Majesties to the United States will afford them an opportunity of companug | the progress made by a free people with that made by the Braziiian nation in half a ceatury under the ruio of a benevolent and enlightened monarch. MR LOWELL FOR ENGLAND. [From the Independent, ] The Heratp is in favor of the President sending in to the Senate the name of Longiellow, the poet, as our Minister to England. But Mr. Longteilow 1s not exactly the man for the position. A much better o1 would be bis successor at Harvard, James Russell Loweli, who {is certainly hw equal as a poetand a scholur and who has the advantage in having been place, let us, by all meaws, ‘got the best.” The whole American people would teei safe with Hosea Biglow as i their representative at she Cours of St. James, ATHLETIC NOTES. Arrangements have been completed for the holding of a pedestrian tournament upon a iarge scale in the city of Chicago during the coming month. The Ex- position building has been secured, and on the 15th prox. the walk for the long distance championship of h twelve o'clock midnight, 20th, when the competitor walking the greatest distance within the 144 hours will be entitled to the first prize, $2,000 in cash and a challenge medal, ted by the Uhicago Field. The second man will also be well taken care o', as he will 000 in cash, and the third $500, In addi- on to. th special 4 man who succeeds In ing O’Leary’s record of 500 miles in 142h, S4m, In order to restrict the who havo somo little chance of going the distance an entrance fee of $100 will be req ge ‘but this will be returned to bye ove who waiks | miles during the week; tulag to do so will forteit tour entree. te : arther ‘ =. Arians Wi fong distances Ue thas deciied to offer $500 in pur-es of $100, to competed for on cach of the first five days for distance walks, The dis- tances will be when it is known who are Nkely to compete, will be made with the special ‘the pedestrians who may ve in japles on the | irom which she could hope to reap no advantage and | Oribe retired, aud Montevideo opened her gates to | Dur- | d | horse, and that Vagrant represents the blue grass | extinction of | portance has transpired since the return of their Ime | the world will be commenced, It will continue unui | tse of $600 ts offered to every | will aford | an excellent for all sprint walkers to Ouatrato what they ean do a8 ‘ean do, us every man will have a chance at his favorite distance. A track ten fect wide and one-seventh of a mile loag will be provided for the long distance walking and au inner track one-eighth of a mile long will be used for tho short distauce events, Each contestant will have a separate dressing room ab the edge of the track. Mr, Jaines Watson, of t Chicago Field, will be the referee and have entire cor trol of the tournament. Entries must be made op or before May 8to Mr, Wilhamn B. Curtis, No. 18 South | Clark street, Chicago, Ill,, and partics desiring any in- formation whatever relative to the event can obtain it by applying to the latter gentleman either personally or by letter. Tie seventh annual spring games of the New York Athletic Club will be held at their grounds, Mott avenue and 150th street, Mott Haven, on Tuesday, May 30, 1876 (Decoration Day). to commence promptly at ball-past one P. M. The following games will be open to atna- teurs:—100 yards, 440 yards, half mile and one mile | running, 120 yards hurdie, one and three mile walks, running high and running broad Jumpe, putting the shot and throwing the hammer, Entries will be re- ceived up to three o'clock P. M. on Saturday, May 20. Contestants must describe thoir colors and uniform; the latter must consist of shirt and trunks or drawers extending to the knees. A new association has been organized in Boston, ‘under the title of the Boston Athietic Club. Its pur- = sare to establish a system of athletic sports, aving afield for cricket and base ball, a gymbasium and boats for aquatic ee HL de Brion 1s preswent, and Chris. T. Bauer will have charge of the wrestling department, avid Stanton, the chempion bicycle long distance rider, will match himself to ride 100 miles in cight hours and a half, either on the regular high- way or in the Rink, this city, for $1,000. e will also match himself to ride against four trotting horses, one ata time, same distance as the above, for $1,000, or for the same amount of money against a single trotter, from ten miles to twenty-five miles. CENTENNIAL RIFLE MATCH. THE CANADIANS ON THEIR DIGNITY AND AN AUSTRALIAN TEAM PROBABLY COMING. The following correspondence between the National Rifle Association of the United States and Lieutenant Colonel C, Stuart, Secretary of the Dominion of Can- ada Rifle Association, tells its own story, Herewith 1s algo appended a telegram from Sydney, N. 8. W., and General Shater’s reply :— ca Domumnow oF Caxana Rurue Association, } ‘Ottawa, March 20, 1576, Sin—I am desired by the Council of the avuve. associution to acknowledge the receipt of yonr communication of the 6th of Decembs olutions, Fe- | year under | structed to thank you for the commuaication, and to say that had tho invitation to represent the Dominion of Canada been confined to the Dominion Rifle Association the Council would have been giad to make every effort to select s team worthy to reprosent the Dominion and to compete in the matches Wesixmated by you for the “championship of the worid,” but as the Council learn that siinilar invitations have been sent to provincial aud other ussuciations in. Can~ ada they do not see their to making w selection of marksmen to represent the Dominion apart from those whe may be selected to represent provincial or other associn- tions, I have the honor to be, sir, your obedient servant, C, STUART, Lieutenant Cotonbl and Secretary to C. i, A. General ALexaxpER SuALEn, President of the National Ritle Association, New York. THE MKELY. Tax Natioxat Rirce Assocignign, 09 Naseay stains, } New Youk, April 12, 1876. Sim—Your letter of the 20th of March, 1876, wcknowledg- | ing the receipt of the communication trom this association of the 6th of December is this day rei . The dapheute ofthe comuinnication last reterred to, with its enclosures, addressed to your association March 31 ult.. ander 0 Captain J. J. Mason, Humfiton, Ontario, Canada. ‘This was done becuuso of w statement, contal lished letter from that gentleman, to } association hud not been communicated wi “ re: ceived no invitation. I deem this explanation proper tat you may understand the oecasion for duplicating documents already sent and recel ‘The invitation extended by the National Rifle Association In the name of the Centennial Comihissioners of the United States was a zoneral ono to lemen of ali countries, inviting them to a series of ‘two at short rai | mat ces for jndividaal marksmen, and | one at long range for teams of It was sent generally | to all rifle ‘and associations In the world, as fur us thelr | address uld be procured, and also to forelen Consuls resident here to ve forwarded to their re- spective countries. An the decision of the question as to how tho reproseuta- tive teams in the long range mateh are to be coustituted, and by what method eclected in the various countries or colonies invited to be represented, 1t would seem indelicate part of this association to make any suggestion or n opinion. The duty of this association was simply id the invitation in the name of the Cent nial Com- missioners, who are charged with the conduct of our Inter- national Exhibition in which nearly alt the nations of the world are already represented. ‘The invitation was cordially extended to the riflemen of all nations, aud the conditions of the proposed competition, as tur as it'was proper for this association to declare them, were at the sume time made known. C It will be a cause of sincere regret to this association and to the riflemen of the United States if, for any reason, the Dominion of Canada should not be represented in the inier- | national competition by a team worthy of the high reputa- tion of the Canadian marksmen, I lave the honor to be your obedient servant, UEORGE 8. SCHERMERHORN, Jr. Lieutenant Colonel C. Sruaur, Secretary Dominion of Canada Rifle Associution. A MESSAGE FROM THE ANTIPODES. The following despatch from Sydney, Australia, is given textually as received. Tho cost of the message and the reply was $80 in gold, and was entirely paid by the Australians :— Sypsxy, Australia; April 12, 1876, Snare, New York colonists. Re- Native t impossible. Tow ply. Will they : ECRKTARY RIFLEMEN, dof Reply, ten w 8 1K LEULY. To Sxonerary Rivuxwen, SyDNeY, Australia :— You, if born Bri TRELAND’S CENTENNIAL OARSMEN. Dunux, April 2, 1876. The severe weather and the easterly winds have pre- vonted any boating hitherto, To-day some crews of both the university clubs were on the water. But just now they are only intent on practising for the re- ‘gattas, ‘The crew who intend going out to Philadelphia will row together for the firet time on the 12th inst. ‘They have so far alierea their original intentions that they ‘will ut least begin their course of training here jor the sake of securing the services of an experienced trainer, ' Boating men here are not enthusiastic about them, nor Vory sanguine Of their success. HORSE NOTES. The Point Breeze Park Asvociation has opened a stake to be known as the Point Breeze Stakes, for two_ year-olds, one mile, $50 entrance, half forieit; the as- sociation to add $700; of which $100 to second horse; to name and close May 1. The spring meeting of the Woodbury Park Asso- ciation, situated at Woodbury, N. J., commetces on ‘the 9th of May and ciuses on the 11th, Purses will be | given to the amount of $4,250, There will be three | races on each day of the meeting for regular classes, | On the second day purses of $450 will be awarded to sundry stock, | The Kentucky Derby of 76 promises to be the sensa- tional race of the year, for in it the best two-year-olds | of last year, Parole and Vagrant, meet. _In‘addition to | this, the facts that Parole iy a Northern bred and raised | region of Kentucky give to their meeting here an tn- | tense interest to horsemen. Besides Parole a Vagrant thirty-two other high-bred race mags ha: been entered to contend for this the great three-year- | old race of the Southwest, and many an owner looks | forward to sce bis pet capture both the champions of | the two-year-olds of '75 in the Kentucky Derby, } As a successful performer Vagrant heads the list of | the entries, tor ho lost but one race of the six he ran | last year, and in that he gavo the winner, Creedmoor, | acapial mud horse, five poun eight overa very | | heavy truck. All bis other races he won at ease, | Searcely being extended jn any part of them, He has | won a balf-wile das 1.6044, a th uarters dash in | 1:17 and a inile dash ip 1:4543. so it will be seen that he has great speed. The Deroy is half a mile beyond the distance he has heretofore hp ov in public, but, as his breeding | called upon to go | very good and lis | | speed enormous, he ought to run in good form. Parole, like Vagrant, has run six races. Of theze he Jost two, his stabie companions winning them. Li | | \ Vagrant, he bas won with geeat ease all his success- ful engagements, aud how tust he really ia, as ts th case with Vagrant, is known only to his owner and favored few. Parole bas won at three-quarters of a | mile iy 1:17) and ata mile in 1:44, so it will be seen Ahat, according to the time test, these cracks of the | North and South are very near together, Parole, how- ever, curried more weight than Vagrant in his races, The Lexiugton biood that Parole inherits from his dum, | Maiden, gives his friends great hope of his ability to stay over any distance of ground. Shoula Vagrant | and Parole cote to the scratch ali right and the jormer win Kentuckians will pot be complaining of hard times for some years thereafter. As a public periormer, Croedmoor, by Asteroid, out of imported Target by Kifieman, ranks bext 0 Parole and Vagrant, and should the track ou the Derby day be & heavy one this strong lomed grandson of Lexington Will carry a “pot of mone; tor be has shown his ability to get along fast through the mud imore than once, and did capture the long striding Vagraut when the going was bad. He appeured in tive races last your aud won two—the Young America Stakes at Nashviile, half a mile, in 53%, over a heavy track, ti hessee Stakes here, three-quarters of @ mile, m1 When the track was very siipper' Malinistic, by Pranet, dam mo, by Lexington, ran four Umes last yeur scored one win—the Howard Stakes at New Urleans—a mite in 1:53, with 100 ounds up in this race, He beat Mediator, a good jorse, and six others, Teclea, Harry Hill, Durango, Dave Saxou, Dale | | 2h, gaisian, Bevan, Vigil, erin, Bombay, Woodla Piuto, Blue Coat, Baiion, Ashby and Bengal bat appeared iu public, but Hot as Winders, Some of them, however, have mate good races, though they did’ not win, Harry iti got second to Vagrant in the Alexan- bond Stakes, beating Creedmoor. Teeaico ran second to ‘oor in Lhe Fennexsee Stakes, beating Vagrant, Grit (a very fast coit) and tweive others. Blue Coat Fan second to Warlock at Saratoga Dalgaivian is ont of the dam of Tom Bowling, and may this year show high torm, So i will be seen thai, though Creedmoor ant Vagrant area long way others in their winnings last year, theit competitors | that bave shown are by Ho Incuns to be despised. dark division there are sowe that ougut to Be very | out of old | by Aua- | tralian, out of Dixie, the | and Cissey, MM. Waddington, Say and Do } to £16. For the second optional | one sov. each were also shot off, Mr. J. Davies (25. | toot of your own face, and directly your other Parole, — of the | to $4, SPORTING EVENTS ABROAD. . ¢ eee tS Itisramored that Captain Macholl is willing to sell of all his steeplechasers, as he did two years ago after winning the Grand National with Rouguy. Chandos is valued at £5,000, é $ Evans, the well known flat race jockey, has gone Portugal to ride for the Duke de Coimbra. He has obtained @ good engagement. Some say that Chandos was going like a steam engine and had the race almost at bis mercy when he fell at Liverpool, and some gay that be was so dis- tressed as to be unable to rige at the fence and that he rolled helplessly into the next field, Mr. H, Bultazai purchased the two-year-old filly Beauharnais for 350 guineas after she won the Wake- field Lawn Stakes at Northampton on the 20h She was sold for 20 guineas last year atthe ‘sale of ue pyke's pene ek ie Stroud, the two-year- ly, by The Duke, dam Leamlogion, out. of SPUVOLsy Hae Waeaee wh tomate guineas afler winuing the Auction Stakes at Nurth- ampton, ‘Owing to the oxcessive and id rise of Seine the racecourse on the Bola ao Gontegne bes on flooded, and consequently will not be fit tor some time. Should such prove to be the case spring races will take place at Auteuil, steeplechase racing at the lutter place on Sunday, March 26. Tho weather was very tine, and as @ consequence the stands were crowded, among the notables being Marsha} MacMahon, Generals L’, bers of the Cabinet, and M, Voisin, Prefect of ‘There were five ovents on the card, incluatve of a mili- tary race; but beyond stating that there was no mo- nopoly of fortune’s favors throughout the day the various items called for vo comment. ‘The London Gun Club had a good attendance: members ut Shepherd’s Bush on the 25th ult principal attractions on the programme were two op. tional sweepstakes, at handicap distance, the first at five pigeons each, which prgduced sixteen subscribers, ae ‘The Duke of Montrose (254g), Mr. Conant Sir G. H. Leith (26) each kiiled all his tive pt m shooting off, bird for bird, tae Duk won at the first round, but the subscription being sov. to the pool bis winnings tries were obtamed, this being at three p! Mr. Brewen (2734), Mr. Jaifray (27) and ester Leighion (47) each killed all Ins birds ciding tt iu the ugual manner Captain Lei knocked out at the first round, aud a long contest took place between tho other two, Mr. BreWen proving the winner aiter killing tour in succession, and having sulseribod £3 he cleared tho whole the money staked, amounting to £18. Four minor sweepstakes of 36) Deut nine others in the first; sixteen toot part in the second, whicn fell to Mr, T, Lan cy by killing all hia birds; eight shot in the third, Mr, Hopwood (2734) winning after being on equal terms with Mr. Conant (2455). Fave only entered in the last, which Sir @, H, Leith (26) won by killing six without a miss, the Sporting Times says Lord Rosbery commenced life by giving a fortune tor Ladas, who proved to be uimost worthless His next important deal was Couronne de Fer, with whom he was noarly winning the Derby. He wound up vy giving £1,000 for a horse with whom, atthe first time of asking, be has won £2,170 in stakes, and £10,000 in beta, ‘he Bristol Steeplecuase was run in 9m, 359.; dis. tance four miles, Welshers were admitted froely into Tattorsall’s ring Igncoln, aud had the ingratitude to rob the gates keeper of £35, COACHING IN ENGLAND, {From the Sportsman, April 1.) On Saturday next the coaching season cammencas, Coach owners, coavh servants and coach lookers on will be gathered on the pavement of Piccadilly to giva the Tunbridge Wells and Sevenoaks coach a right good weicomé and good speed, As last year, the Tunbridge Wells coach will be under the command of Earl Beo- tiveand Colonel Chaplin, For the first fortnight ft will run between London and Sevenoaks only, and after tho 22d inst. it will travel to Tunbridge Wells w usual, This coach, it will be remembered, is the fnst est out of London, and altogether the best appointed, ‘The Tunbridge Weils route is the only one on which two coaches are used—viz., one for the down and anotber for the up journey, Let no one suppose that the boat race day 18 tou early to commence couch operations, Already the Garden of England is all alive with preparations for the summer, * * * Taken altogetker, the Tunbridge route throagh Bromley, Green sirect Green and Sevenouks is wel worth driving over all the year round, and not least sv in the first blush of spring. Immediately following Earl Bective and Mr. Chaplin: comes the Guildiord co: which will make {ts lirst journey on Saturday, April 15. The Guiidfurd coach will be under the direction of Major Furnival— the only geutleman coachman who takes out a driver's licenso—and Messrs. W. Shoolbred and Luxmore, The morning Dorking coach will make its first run from The Cellars on May day, Mr. Macworth Praed and two other gentlemen will have the care of it The time for starting will be altered from hall-past ten toa quarter to cleven A. M. Mr. Baily, who had the 8t. Albans conch last summer, will join Colonel Groenhall and Captain Hargreaves in the Windsor coach d the forthcommg season, Dr, Herman, who has out of health, will, it 18 thought, retro frem active Participation in the management, Mr. Parsons will continue with the St, Albans coach, which will run four days a week—on Mondays, Wednesdays, Friaays and Saturdays. It is possible that Mr. Stewart Free. man will once more tako the Brighton road in hand, but it is uncertasm when the Brighton coach will make its first journey, Last year it did not commence ran- ning until the latter end of the season. Mr. Blyth, who last seavon worked a coach between Reading and Windsor, will now start irom Piccadilly three days a week, coing on to Reading and possibly to Osiord, When, shall wo have a coach to Cambridge? Couching men will not easily forget Colonel de Lancey Kaoe, an American gentieman, who, for sheor love of driving, ray the Virginia Water coach last year. We remember sitting beside this enthusiastic whip one day last summer, our two selves being twenty- 8 persons on the coach for the whole distance of seven miles from Loadon. Colonel Kane, who has re. turned to New York, will start a four-horse coach of his own on the 1st of May next. The coach will leave the Hotel Brunswick, Maawon square aud #*fth ave- nue, New York, at eleven A M, dutly, and will proceed through Harlem, Southern Boulevard, Fox's Corner, Westchester Pike, through Westchester and Union Port to Pelhum Bridge, The Colonel took with him to the States a perfectly appointed new coach. As we unde: stand, he will be the tires to revive the luxurious stage Coach travelling in America. We remember dis- playing great anxiety to learn from him ail about coaching in the United States, All that we gathered trom him was that up to last summer American coach- ing was divided into two styles, the rough coaching of the Western States and a sort of coaching in New York, British coaching men cannot tail to aym- pathize with Cotonel Kane’s eiforss to mtroduce the revival of this most enjoyable of pastimes to our | American cousins, DROZHKY DRIVING IN ST, PETERS. BURG. [Letter to San Francisco Chronicle, } In the first place, picture to yourself the drozhkies, which are mere single seats, like stools, without back or arms; although often necessary, it is next to impos- sible for two persons to seat themselves therein, so small are they, and two strangers thas seated can al- to; the driver has @ similar seat a little higher and in front, So seated, your driver starts; he ia none of your lazy teliows, and he has learned that St Peters: burg fs acity of magnisicent distances, and bis horse starts and keeps on at a good run; and could you but hold on to the drozhky with your feet as tightly as you hold to your companion wil feel tolerably secure pf keeping driving on the Nievsky Prospect & is | Velocies, the greater uamber of them drozhkies, all running as fast as your owp; now hand ie torn stays vusaing Dorie's head Hi wipes the foam from the moi horse, and this is done so often that your i = & ment soon looks hke a winter landscape; for observa tons you have no time, your whole attention being oo cupied in wondering at the skill Ba Mpemng amminent collisions are dodged, and when at you become used to it you think it the Gnest driving enjoyed. Not only the driving, but aud the horse's gear are peculiar, Fastened to the shaits of all vehicles drawn by a single horse ig a bow lege the ot rein is fastened to the top of this he mere ee e1 hoop is larger and heavier, prernge M jnches thick aud tive inches wide and painted in bright a ‘grass, used “ar are 2 private teams are of cx- ireme elegance. While in France there is @ majority greater numver carriages are usually a dainty rotief of gilt or silver on fence eae jaunty tassel the carriage, and a jaunt; lateh, ‘So Tapa we abe meveuieae airy the tread of the horses, U The ky drivers i #35 oH 4 ef ii i i = & as to tread the earth. ‘whch Fences to ho fst nde ha ep which reaches to the fect; nuder this a, ry a wil and on the head a lat. cov spreading crown, but ap a THE DIONS ACCEPE VIGNAUX'S CHALLENGE, é {From the Now York Sportsman for April 18) 1,310 Broapway, New York, April 13, 1876. Having seen mm your journal and the daily press what ‘purported to ve a challenge Irom Maurice Viguaux and M. Piot, of France, 3 5, § i a Eee bob samen Ig as above Youre, SPH AS & ve