The New York Herald Newspaper, November 6, 1875, Page 4

4 HERZEGOVINA. ee ae | Interview with aProminent Insurgent Leader. LJUBIBRATIC'S VIEWS. | The Truth About the Insurrection and Its Causes. MARCHING EXTRAORDINARY. | | | Russia’s Attitude Toward the | Sultan, | | Racusa, Oct. 9, 1875. | The tnsargents have for some time been so brisk in their movements that I have been hardly able to follow | them, From Utawo to the heart of their rocky fast- | nesses is no sinali journey, and 1 can readily credit their story that they have latterly marched as much as twelve hours daily now that I know they bave returned | from their brief campaign and intend settling into wiuter quarters. with the fatigues and dangers for which along life tm civilized centres had given nim but poor prepa tion, has been seriously ill, and bis enemies have from | time to time rejoiced in the extreme satisfaction of an- Bouncing his death. But each time that that announce- ment has raised a cheer along the Turkish lines, from Czairno to Trebigne, and from Metcovitch to Klek, it has been vigorousiy denied by some sudden sign of now lifo and vigor on the part of the insurgent chief, who has taken for his motto, “The liberty of Herzego@ua, | or death for me and mine!”? Day before yesterday, while the easy-going citizens | pf Ragusa were still prolonging their moruing mass, a | little procession wound its way duwn the hills and Ljubibratic, overcome for the time | aide-de-camp and one other insurgent dined with us, We were served by & papriotic Sclave in picturesque cos- tume, who took off his red cap when he came soltly in with the various dishes, and who seemed overcome with the most enthusiastic affection for Ljubibratic. The chief, from fever, ute sparingly and studied the faces of all the convives attentively, sutistied of wy friendliness, by means of the numerous recommendations which I brought him from Belgrade, he entered freely into his own account of the insurrec- tion and the probabilities of its success, THY PLAN OF THE REBELLION CHANGED, “The whole thing,” he said, gravely, speaking in French, which, like most educated persons whose na- tive tongue is the Servian, he knows exceedingly well, “has Deon entirely different im its course fom our original design, Gusic and I (pointing to his brother-in-law) had at the moment of the out- break been at work two years on a plan which we have not been able to follow out, All our work was in vain, and we found ourselves compelled to begin anew, This, of course, embarrassed and crippled us.” of the original plans. “Not at all We had prepared for a formidable up- 20,000 Herzegovinians were to be engagt We had made arrangements by which ata given moment the ‘Turk was to tiod himself displaced, was to see all around bia forces and in all his strong holds in the a standing army of province | officered and provided with munitions and provisions. We were to constitute a provisional government, with its delegates, and were to publish our programme at a moment when one or two sharp fights at frontier points should have determined our success, The con- spiracy was well laid and progressed in @ fair fashion, when the troubles and oppressions became #o great arms in irregular fashion, Notwithstanding this, we might have partially carried out our early plans had it not been for interferences and hindrances upon which we had not counted and which came from without.’” hat was the nature of those interferences and hindrances t”’ Ljubibratic smiled wearily. ‘‘When the war isover,”” | he said, ‘and all this matter is settled, there may be among the rocky crags which overhang the vale of | Ombla, and came rapidly toward the little city, At | the head of the procession marched a stalwart moun- taineer, ut least six feet tiree in stature, his long hair und ferocious mustache giving him the appearance of one of Attila’s warriors, such as we see them repre- Bented in the paintings of the masters This moun- taineer, clad ting leggings, witn bis variegated girdle with long pistols and longer knives, with a curious Albanian musket, richly incrusted on Darrel! and stock with silver work on which the | vriginal owner must have expended a fortune. | tooked neither to right nor left, but, witha certain | majesty of mien which no member of the famous | Old Guard could have excelled, marshalled two other | mountaineers, likewise gaudily clad, who marched on | each side of a white horse, on which rode Ljubibratic, | the leader of the revolted Herzegovinians, Behind the horse marched two others, and beside the leader, plod- | ding lustily om toot and sometimes beguiling the way | With the merry notes of the French chanson, marched | Constantine Guric, the = aide-de-camp and | brother-in-law of Ljubibratic, aud one of | the cheeriest, brightest and most self-sacrificing mor- | tals that ever stood in revolutionary sole leather. in his gaudy jacket and tightly fit | filled | and | In | the rear were half-a-dozon stout peasants, bringing sacks and casks destined to be filled with provisions forthe camp. As the procession entered Ragusa it was speedily surrounded by a crowd of soldiers, citi- zens, strangers, men and women, all tattling at once and asking one hundred impertinent questions of the peasants, who serenely disdained to answer. The | Turkisn Consul General accompanied by some Mussulman dignitaries, who were « route for Constantinople, happened to be pass- ing the Hotel Miramar as Ljubibratic and his men arrived there, His lively curiosity tosee the | chief of the insurgents was gratified, for the chief, | after briefly thanking every one who crowded around | him to express their interest in the welfare of bis cause, passed within ten feet of the person of his enemy as he went to the quarters selected tor him at the Boschitto—a pretty hotel situated on a high bank j above the shining and tranquil Adriatic, j THR INSURGENT IN CHIRP, At this hotel Ljubibratic received your representa | tive kindly and apologized for not awaiting his arrival | at the camp, saying that for him a day or two of re- pose was a necessity and be had come to Ragusa to get it, I had intended to leave for the camp recently established at Gubzi on that very afternoon, but as Ljubibratic was kind enough to reqcest me to wait and return with him I gladly postponed my visit. After a brief conversation he banished me, saying that he was severely afllicted with fever and needed repose. It was many weeks since he had slept ina bed, o I lef bim | to his well earned slumber, | Ljubibratic impressed me .powerfully. I had been | prepared Lo see a man of culture and refined manners, | because his friends in Belgrade had, as I have told you im previous letters, given me .a sketch of his history. But I had feared, from many criticisms | heard in Ragusa and among the Turks, that I should | find in him a man sadly out of his element; a thinker | rather than a warrior; @ theorizer rather than a man | ofaction, My iirst glance at him put all my fears to | flight, . I recoguized im bim a man of power, who could | make himself obeyed, and after due experience could conduct the rude military operations necessary in his enterprise, Ljubibratic is tall, well formed, with mas- sive shoulders and a symmetrical head, ,His {ace is | d; sadder, indeed, when it is in repose I never | Baw. Unless I feared and disliked even to think so I might almost hint that it has that pecu- liar, brvoding expression; that gracious, yet sadden- ing look which usually is found on the taces of those | doomed to disappointment and to early death, He Wears a full beard and mustache; and bis sad, stern face, with the full brow, the im- | proasive eyes and the manly beard, the high check bones and the thin and sharply cut lips, would strike Any careful observer auywhere as the face of a cultured fentloman, When he arrived iu Ragusa Ljubibratic was dressed in the heavy whitish-gray tunic and leg. gings almost universally worn by the Montenegrin | warriors, On his head was a Moutenegrin cap, | whose silk was flitched by the sudden arrival of a bullet at Utawo the other day. Iyubibratic | says that the bullet turned the hat around ou his head. A quarter of an inch to the right, and the insurrection would have been without a leader. He wears no armor or medal+—not even « sign of his rank, Peko and other chiefs associated with him are overloaded with heavily silver-ribbed breastplates, with medals and | with trophies taken from their enemies. The sim- Plicity and absolute absence of ostentation shown by the jeader preserve him from many jealousies whicn | he might otherwise encounter among the rude warriors | with whom be bas to deal While Ljubibratic and his companions were refresh- ing themselves after their long march from the camp | Tumor was busy with the object of the chief's visit. “He has come to demand new privileges from the Aus. | trian government,” said some. ‘Probably he hus | given up the cause and intends torun away,” said others. ‘fhe Turks have informed him that they in- | tend to surround his camp, and have called him here | to show him that further resistance is useless,” said | Stil! others. Of course none of these surmises were | i | to the some curious revelatious, but they cannot be mace now.” He assented to the suggestion that perhaps the insur- rection had all the more hope of success because of the manner in which it had begun, but seemed depressed and anxious because he did not see his way clear to the establishment of a provisional gov- ernment, I asked him if it were truo that he had originally been much interfered with by Peko Paviovite and other chiefs, who were either jealous of his influence or sincerely convinced that his course was wrong when he first arrived from Servia. He admitied the truth of the story that Peko, the Montenegrin, had had him arrested and conveyed to the frontier at one time, bat smiled as he added, “Peko was Sually persuaded to remain and become one of us.’ YRKO'S CHARACTER, “Ig Peko a man of talent or genius in military opers- tions?” I asked. “Peko,”? he answered, “is brave,” and he said this with such ap accent that I feared he intended to sum up the venerable Montenegrin’s capacity in that word, He talked much of the chances of success or faggure. Ijubibratic bitterly lamented the absence of two most important things in the insurgent camp—plenty of munitions and a small battery of mountain cannon, Without these cannon they can do nothing against two or three strongholds which they much desire to pos | sess; with them they could readily take the forts of | | the houses of the refugees and to grant a general am. | suffering | AS soon as he had become | | rising ata given period—an uprising in which fully | | World will be astonished at the obstacles which have | centrate around us some good European talent, which | Czarino and Driana and could burn Trebigne if it would | the the consent smart to fight capitulate, He said that which occurred between not last simply because the munitions were gone. Had it not | cause he has used his faith as a pretext for abusing his | _ fellows of different creed. ‘Turks and insurgents was determined against the latter | beeu for the wonderful use which the Montencgrins | made of their sidearms on such occasions the loss in- flicted on the Turks would have been very shght, The Montenegrins use their knives freely, and did so at ‘the battle of Utowo, I asked him if there were many brutalities com. mitted by the insurgent forces. “ILy a en des tees confrées, Monsieur” (There have been some heads cut oif, sir), he answored gravely. Pursuing this subject at a later period with him he saidjthut the insurgents probably had double motives in @utting off the heads and noses of the Turks killed in battle. They probably desired to inspire terror and at the same time to shake their enemy in his religious belief, the Mobammedans believing that no mutilated person can epter Paradise. Some of them, when ques- tioned, bad simply responded that_—_ they wanted to bring away proof of the number of Turks they had killed, He seemed to accept these brutalities with sadness, as an inevitable result of the wartare; and it ts indeed diff. cult to see how the Turks, who impale men and women alive and cut innocent children into small pieces, can complain. INSURGENT COMPARED WITH TURKISH LOSSES. The insurgent losses up to date have been compara- tively insignidcant. The sanguinary telegrams which have been sent tothe press by persons who have not been near the field, are disproven trom the note books of Guric and Ljubibratic, from which I take the follow. | img statement of killed and wounded :— At Trebigne, three, At the monastery of Duzi, three, At Lubzi, three, At Utowo, twenty, Since the insurrection began to attract notice, then, the forces under command of Ljubibratic have been de- creased by only twelve killed and twenty-seven wounded, This seems astonishing; but it must be re- membered that the insurgents fight aimost entirely from behind rocks, and that they nearly always take the Turks ata disadvantage. The Turks, on the otber hand, can never hope to surprise the insurgents, be- cause the latter spread their avant postes for miles throughout the mountains. A coup d’main upon the insurgent camp wuld be next to impossible. insurgents had received an accession to their force in the shape of 1,700 Montenegrins, who had come down neighborhood of vinians, Iasked Ljabibratic how true the statemen, w The chief answered, with another of his weary smiles :— “The reinforcements consist of forty men, instead of 1,700. If I had one-half the force over which I ain sup- posed to bold command, I would soon drive the Turks out of the Herzegovina.” I desired to know at what number he estimated the loss of the Tarkish forces in the Herzegovina since the beginning of the insurrection, “Without exaygeration, about 1,000 in killed and wounded. The Turks have in many encounters lost half a hundred people where we have not lost a man.” “And as to prisoners?” 1 asked, The aide-de-camp answered quickly from the other | side of the table, ‘There are no prisoners.” “What are the really available forces now ander your command?” | asked the chief, THE REBEL STRENGTH. “There are,” he said, “probably 20,000 men now tn Pevolt against Turkish rule in the Herzegovina Of course the great bu!k of this force is not available, be- cause it is so widely separated and #0 undisciplined. With me there are at present 260 or 300 Monténegrins, a compact little force of Servian volunteers, one captain true, I was not indiscreet enough to ask the chief the | lately m the French service, tweive or thirteen Italians, purpose of his coming, but have no doubt | and the remaining forces, which when we are in imarch- that it was to reproach the insurgent com- | Ing order amount to 2,000 and sometimes even 2.500 mittee here with the jack of intelligence | men, are Herzegovinrans. The Montenegrins are better and zeal which it has latterly shown. The fact is that | drilled than the otbers, are armed more eflectively, and ‘his committee has not been entirely free from exterior | they serve as 4 good lessou, Our enemies fancy that we political influences hostile to the ends which Ijubi- | have hundreds more of Montenegrin allies than we have bratic and bis companions hope to gain by shedding | seen yet, Perhaps they will come. Who knows?” their blood. And when the committee found that the “And under what circumstances would you make insurgents afield were as little inclined to make capital | peace with the Porte ?’’ for Austria as for the Sultan himself they became | Ljubsbratic raised bis head suddenly and looked at tomewhat lukewarin in their providing. ‘The camp at me fixedly for a moment or two before replying. Then Gubzi found itself without bread for five days recently, | he answered slowly :— and many of the men have been hungry for two days to- fether. Not a murmur, however, arose from any iuein- ber of the noble little band until it became evident that the committee were negligent. Then Ljubibratic sad- died bis horse and rode down to see for himself, ‘THE PROMISED INTEK VIEW. In the afternoon the chief, somewhat refreshed, both in mind und body, gave me the promised interview. We dined together in the quaint and antique Trattoria del Sole, bard by the Greek church, in one of the oar. | Towest avenues in Ragusa Several gentlemen indi | Feotly interested im the susceas of the revolt, and ihe | We have no confidence whatever in his promises, nor will we accept any proposed reforms unless they ure guaranteed by European Powers im the most substan- ‘ial manner, In a general way,” and here he spoke | still more slowly aud emphatically—“in a general way, | We might say that our ultimatum is contained to \8 demand for the autonomy of the Herzegovina, OF for its union with Montenegro. aud we are determined to remain in the fleld fighting to accomplish that as long as wo can, The Turkish promise to teas the Christians properly, to rebuild | the charch, | | | Lubei to help the Herzego- | yet it now I a J T asked if it would be indiscrect to inquire the nature | © do not know, There are very serious ob: | tions, We know the value of that the people would wait no longer, and took up | e know the value of outside opinion, and if Having heard from other unreliable sources that the | ‘2° Porte without the pale of Europea dynasties, nesty, are of no consequence to us, for we do not believe thom, Server Pacha Mas many times weitten me to lay down arms and disperse my band, and has promised that if I do so all will be well; but there was bat one ansWer to such @ request or command, and that answer was, No!” “Then,”’ I said, “you would not in any ease lay down your arms”? He raised his head again quickly, and, imaloud voice, suid, emphatically, “sever ['? Of course Ljubibratic did not mean that he would not make peace if serious guarantees for future immu- nity from Turkish misrule were offered. What he did mean Was that the Herzegovinians, such as have the spiritand strength of men, will wateh, with arms in their bands, over the proper exccuigon of the stipula- tions. He is willing to make a peace which would re- sult in taking the conduct of ailairs im the province away from the Turkish government and in giving it to the people to whom it of right belongs. “We must, he said, “have a provisional government, but exactly how we are to stacles mm the way of its creation at the present time— obstacles Whose nature cannot be explained until after the warts over, We have twice tried to form such a government and twice have failed. By and by the been placed in our way.”” THE STRUGGLE MUST GO ON, T inquired if in case a European tntervention should not come he hoped to be able to weary or compel the Turks to retire from the country or to grant the insurgents’ demands, He said, “We shall maintain the struggle as long ag we have lunitions, arms and bodies, We hope in time to con- will help in drilling our forces and in conducting opera- Europe shows a disposition to give us our rights and not to see us swallowed up by any one or two Powers, we shall abide by her fuir decision. But we will not be | content with promises. We expect that the present condition of alfuirs will last all winter, and we shall do all that we can to create an imtrenched camp where We can protect and drill recruits, My original | plan wus to have an army always im the field and another army drilling in camp, 80 that we could con. | stantly send out men with a sense of discipline and with good arms to harass the Turks, Wo will kill every ‘Turk we can discover and burn every village and town which affords them a refuge, unless we can accomplish our purpose, We will never be satisfied with anything except that which we have demanded. We shall always be a foe hovering on the Turkish columns and around their towns, and we will exterminate them, if we cannot get rid of them in any other manner.” In speaking thus Ljubibratic did not refer to the populations of Sclavic origia who profess the Mussulman religion in Herzegovina, He referred to the intrading | class who come to domineer and to rob and murder and flog. HOW SCLAVIC MUSSULMANS ARE TREATED, Wherever the insurgent forces have found their Sclavic brethren in villages which they have taken they have always told them, “We do not feel any enmity toward you. We are Greek Christians. You are Catholics or Mussulmans or what you please; it is all the same to us. We are ready to live with you in friendly comity and we have no religious quarrel with you. All that we ask of you is not to fight for our encmes, the Tarks of the richer class, who take advantage of the op- pressed condition of our brethren to plunder and mal- | treat them.” Ljubibratic (I should have told you ere this that his name must be pronounced as if written Lubibratich) denies that the war is in any sense, so fur as he is concerned, a religious one. There 1s no hatred of the Moslem because he is Moslem, but be- } “We ask no man to change | his faith; we merely desire equal and exact justice for all,” said the chief. Ljubibratic is by no means in favor of any division of his native territory which should give a portion to Russia, another part to Austria, &c. On the con- trary, he would look with the strongest displeasure upon any such’attempt, and would combat it as long us his force lasted. He would be content to see the | people of the province situated even one-half | as pleasantly as those of Servia, so far as regards their freedom from Turkish domination, but | he is convinced that they bave a right to govern them- selves and that a foreign rule over them of sty kind would be bad. Perhaps he is not so thoroughly inter- ested in the ambitious projects of the Russian political | agents who swarm hereabouts as he would be if he did | not fear Russ! petite for territory. | ‘The story of my return to the camp with Ljubibratic, of life among the ingurgents and the pen pictures of the other chiefs must be reserved for another letter, TURKISH BARBARISM. BUSSIA ASSUMING A FIRM ATTITUDE AGAINST THE ‘SICK MAN "@—-SEMI-OFFICIAL DECLARA- TIONS OF ‘THE CZAR'S POLICY—BUTCHERY OF CHRISTIANS—HUNDREDS OF HEADLESS BODIES FLOATING IN THE UNNA. ‘The unfortunate state of affairs in the Herzegovina has greatly agitated the Ruasian ofticials at St. Peters- | burg. The revelations made by the Insurgent Com. | mittee at Metkoviteh, the descriptions of Herzegovin- | jan life under Turkish rule, the desecration of the altar and the most sacred | rights of marital existence’ by the Ottoman officials, | appear to have rekindled the smouldering sparks left | unquenched by the Crimean campaign. The official and semi-ofticial journals are publishing despatches and | governmental condemnation of the violence practiged in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Russia appears to hold | the Turk in anything but the high esteem stated in the insurgent memorandum to the Great Powers, and cov- ertly hints that it may be necessary to take from Tur- key the power she now possesses of embroiling the | whole of Europe in war, The Voiz, an official organ, makes a strong excuse beforehand for any acts tbat Russia may feel called upon to commit in order to pro- tect the Christians in Turkish provinces and to piace RUSSIA'S PROTEST, Ever since 1860, suys this journal, Russia bas con- tinued to call the attention of the Powers to the in- ternal condition of the Ottoman Empire, whose in- tegrity, 1m concert with other nations, she has guaran- teed, Russia bas strenuously eudeavored to obtain the | intefmediary influence of European goveruments in | order to compel Turkey to totally reform her adiminis- tration in Bosnia, Herzegovina and other provinces, Without which, sooner or Jater, a revolt must occar and under circumstances perhaps that would not | augmented by the sight of Turkish soldiers on the | by the noise of she frequent firing and more go by the | days there were so many dead bodies upon the river | bridge, one-half of which belongs to Austria, the other NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1875—TRIPLE SHEET. according to our deliberate judgment she ought to ir- ‘sist now that her views on the Herzegov question be carried out, Russia cannot be inspired with any desire for conquest, but on the contrary, her desire must be to prevent the recurrence of 4 discussion on the r doul je Eastern question, The objects of Russia’ Policy in the East should be, in the first place, and pena with regard to the affairs of the Herzegovina, to te Lo the inaivtenance of the peace of ui 4nd to prevent the extension of the insurrection, Order to attain this object, neither Russia nor any other Power can lend armed assistance to the Porte and force the Christians to submit to the domination of the Mussulman authorities. The ouly thing they nuight do would be to convince the rayahs in revolt that they Would attain more surely and with much less sacriice to themselves the objects they seek if they had confidence in the mend European Powers and showed it by placin themselves ynder their protection. In the next plac the policy of Russia cannot and ought not to leave the rayahs this time, whether they may be subjugated or whechan they voluntarily submit, a continued prey to 0 PERSECUTIONS OF TURKISH AUTHORITY. Russia has frequently asked the European govern- ments to join their efforts with hers to persuade the Porte of the urgent necessity of compelling the different branches of the administration to respect the legal rights of the rayahs, and to-day she is in compelled to exert all her influence to attain this object. Lf, in 1860 and in 1867, Austria, England and France found’ it im- possible to divest themselves of the fear that the cou sel of Russia was dictated by shortsighted egotist now that Austria is our ally and that England and France have openly expressed their sympathy for the Christian insurgents, we have the right to state that Russia is morally obliged to contribute the whole of ber forces if necessary to insure that a better order of things may be effectively and speedily introduced in the Turkish provinces, And if the amicable relations now existing between Russia and Turkey be taken into account, the world will surely admit that the friendly counsel of this govern- meut should be accepted by the Porte with gratitude and esteem, It ought to be expecially understood in Constantinople that the efforts of Russia and the other Powers are directed solely with the view of maintaining | peace and to cause to be respected the indisputable rights of the Christian subjects of the Porte, HAVK THX CONSULS SUCCERDED in the mission contided to them? We are unable to state, It is certain, however, that failure under present circumstances is casier to foresee than success, since the absence of anything like orgunization among the insurgents renders negotiat! extremely dificult, if not often iinpossible. Moreover, the Horzegovinians have good reasons for placing but a mediocre relian on the protestations and prouuses of the Porte, ¢s- pecially if the mediating Powers shall not have taken it upon themselves to guarantee them, But what will be the object of these negotiations, supposing the fact that the mission of the Consuls remains with out effective result’ The reply to this question, so fur as Russia is concerned, appears simple enough’ to. us. ‘The failure of the mission of the Consuls can only stim- ulate our government to prevent allvattempts to break | the peace of Europe, and ought to cause increased ae. tivity to prevent the spread of the insurrection. On | | the other hand, this failure ought to be considered as 4 | proof of the deep tecling of the rayahs in revolt against | the government and lead to immediate means to insure them redress, A MINT TO EUROPE. It is in this view that it seems inadmissible that, once the mission of the Consuls has finally terminated, | Ru d the other Powers can®efuse to persevere in their intervention or that they can consent to abandon | the unfortunate rayahs to their fate, to the chastise- , ment of the Turkish authorities, This wold be not only inhuman; it would be beneath the dignity of the greut Powers’ of Europe. ‘Their honor and the peace of Europe must prevent them irom stopping suddenly in midway, and compel them to persevere in | their sympathetic efforts on bebult of the Kastern Christitus. They have the right, not only from a | moral point of yiew, but also in virtue of the treaty of | Paris of 1860. In any case, we repeat, Russia cannot | rest indifferent to the suffering of the Christion popu- lations of Turkey, By her historic traditions and in | consideration of her policy, trom which she has never | swerved, Russia will be compelled to persevere in her | effurts to insure order and justice to the Turkish prov- ances inhabited by Christians, HORKORS OF THE INSURRECTIONS. The Nord publishes a most remarkable document, which purports to have been addressed to Mgr. Michel, | Archbishop of Belgrade, Metropolitan of Servia and President of the Committee of Relief, to the wounded | Herzegovinians, their wives and children, It 1s written | by the delegate of the committee in Croatia and Dal- | matia, It is replete with interest and reads thus :-— Alter receiving the instructions of Your Eminence ‘and your approbation of my plan I left Belgrade on September 10 on the steamer which was going up the River Save. This route offered this advantage:—The Save, during its greatest length, forms the frontier be- tween Croatia and Bosnia, and that is the line of pass- age of the Christian families who flee for refuge to Austrian territory. My object was to meet with some | of these families and endeavor to gather information from them, Starting from Brod, [ went to nearly every station along the Austrian side, Every- | where I found the unhappy Christians who had been compelied to leave their burning villages, their homes and ail they possessed in the world. ‘A few had been able to bring some cattle, but the ma- jority barely escaped with their lives, Their extreme | fatigue increased tke horrors recently encountered, the | great uncertainty of their future and the anguish they | suffered in thinking of the fate of their sons and broth- | ers, of their husbands and fathers who had perisned or — were then condemned to death. These emotions were opposite side of the river, and even upon our steame: sight a battle between Turks and Herzegoviniana near | Gradiska, TUB ROUTE OF THY REFUGEES. The Save leaves the Turkish froutier near Jassénov- atz and rans enurely through Austrian territory. Ac- cording to the information I gathered the refugees were for the most part established along the Unna and in the triangle formed by Doubitza, Kostainitza and Petrinia. This was why I preferred to leave the steamer d go through these localities. Landing ut Jessénov- atz at halt-pust three o’clock in the morning, | bad to trudge for two hours before 1 coula get a carriaze to take me to Doubitza During | the whole of my journey I saw the refugees flecing from the other side of the Unna in boats and swimming in the water. Every now and then a body of Turks appeared following the insurgent fami- Jies and shooting at them after they had taken to the water. The rifle balls often reachod the middle of th river, and several fell right across our path, With th aid of my fleld glass I saw a boat full of women and children which seemed to be sinking. This was con- | firmed to me at Agram, and also another accident, | ‘The same day a large boat, containing a crowd of | people which had been attacked, reached the Austrian shore with many of the people wounded, and halt filled with blood. MMADLESS BODIES IN THE UNNA, From the steamer nine headless human bodies were seen floating in the river near Sviniar, between Brod and Gradiska, Above Doubitza I saw 100 of these headless trunks, many of which were females, judging by the dress. The imhabitauts tell me that for severai that the air was perfectly laden with the sickly odor arising trom them. Owing party to the stroug com- plaints of the inhabitants, supported by representations ol the Austrian government, the Turks do not throw so many dead bodies in the river now. I was de- sirous of having these trunks fished ont and decently interred, and I decided to go to Turkish Kostainitza to secure this object, notwithstanding the advice and prayers of the inhabitants who accompanied me to the half to Turkey. I was received politely chough, but the general aspect of affairs left me without the faint- est hope of success, I simply bazarded, in conversa- tion with the Turkish officers, the suggestion that, in the interest of the inhabitants of the Turkish village, it would be desirable that the bodies be collected at some poimt and burned. They replied that the number of trunks was too small to create an epidemic, Not a Christian was left in Turkish Kostalnitza, and nothing remained but the charred remams of ‘their dwellin; At the other side of the bridge, in Austrian Kostainitza, 1 found the wounded rajabs being cared tor by the village physician, ‘This was the principal way the Bosnian refugees escaped, but most of them have Deen sent into the interior because they were in danger, not only from the riffe balls that constantly fall in the village, but also from the attacks of the bandits, of Sa alia” berela syeciled tu Aigaae Ieayl LMM aL itincncET weet Repaeton imme oe | | ere ed, , vernmel ‘om Kosta e Prince Gortsehukoif wrote:—"The Otloman Empire caf | several other villages where the refugees had gone, and only be saved by the unanimous decision of the Powers nally arrived at Petrinia, where barracks been ‘he Tark will do nothing except under pressure, | | Russia, and the immedia On that we insist, | | Pacha to Bosnia and the Herzegovina to compel her to administer Justice to ber subjects.’’ | Unfortunately, the exhortations of Russia were ineflec- | Her proposition to establish a Kuropean com- | sion to examine into the condition of the Turkish | | | provinces inhabited by Christians was not accepted; bat, iustesd of this, the Porte sent Mehemet-Kiprisli- ‘The reports of erected for them. THIRTY THOUSAND HOMELESS REPUGKES, According to the estimates of the authorities the number of refugees reaches (or nearly so) 20,000, The | committee of Agram think the number will reach | 86,000, I would rather give credence to the figures of the officials; but there are many things to consider in this official were, w# might have been expected, em- | this matter. The Commandant told me that 20,000 was hirely favorable to the ‘Turkish yoverament, und te | hut an approximate estimate, At Kostainitza every- Western Powers feigned to be satisfied with tue | pody, iucluding the military oflicers, believes that result, Immediately afterward, however, the massacres | At Pe- ot Damas and Djeddah occurred to confirm anew the | predictions of the Russian government, Now, the | ther Powers felt the necessity of active intervention, | und a French corps d’ occupation was sent establish order and ect the unfortunate But even on thi they did not tuke sufticient cognizance of the propositions of Russia, which de- uded that Europe sbould not content itself by forcibly restoriug order in Syria, but that the Porte should be brought to take iundamental measures to prevent any recurrence of the horrors of Damas in the juture, Alter long and tedious negotiations our gov- eruiment succeeded in inducing the Powers to sigu the following protocol at t nference of Paris in 1860;— THR PROTOCOL OF 1860, “The Powers declare im the most formal manner that they will not aim at nor expect any territorial advan- tages by the execution of their chgagements, no ex- influence either any concession touching the | ree of their subjects, which should not be uted to the subjects of other nations, Nevertheless they cannot avoid, in recalling here the acts emanating from His M y the Sultan, of which article 9 of the treaty of the 30th of Murch, 1366, shows the import. auce, expressing the heir respective Courts at- tueh to this, and, contormably to the solemn promise rte, the necessity of immediate, ear- for the amelioration of the Christian populations of all creeds in the Ottoman Empire,” This piece of- diplomacy has a high, important, prac- tical bearing at the present moment, for, on the one | hand, it affirms the unhappy condition of the Chris- tans in the East wud the wou-tullilinent of the engage- ments of the Porte, while on the other it constitutes the legal and sufficient on action by ussia and the other } Jbristians were the off u treatment of ain jected to th egloct of the interests of (he rayahs were made apparent, | THE INBURKRCTION OF CANDIA was another warning given to the Porte and a fresh contirmation of wil the Russian government has eon- dicted. ar Aine past hus boon the policy of Russia, and | have suffered ge’ re than 20,000 have passed through there, | nia and in other localities | was told by medical men | that the number of fugitives wouid reach at least 26,000, 1t is incontestable that the proportions of th outbreak exceed our worst apprelensions, towns have been depopulated and the imbabitants mu dered und 1uined—beyond all precedent in these re- | gions.” | THE ENGLISH FLOODS. THE DAMAGE DONE BY THE LATE THE VALLEY OF THE DON. (From the Liverpool Daily Post, Uct. 22.) The continued fail of rain in and around Warrington caused great floods yesterday. The meadows by the Whart-mill-ields and Messrs. Fairclogh’s till are quite submerged and present the appearance of one great | lake. In the Arpley fleldy the roadway is impassable, | the water having risen to the height of the iron rail- | ings, The heavy rains of the past three days have caused serious floods throughout the Vale of Aylesbury, and — much damage has becn done to the embankments on the London and Northwestern Railway, between Ched- dington and Leighton, Hundreds of acres of land are under water and many of the roads are impassable. ‘The damage done by the tloods at Sheffield and along the whole length of the valley of the Don is simply at present inestimable, At Abbeydale a bridge has been washed away, sompletely stopping the communication with Sheiileld. nm Sheitield itself many of the fron «nd steel works rely, At Messrs, Jecsop & Co.'s st works, Brightside, the water stood # foot deep every. | where, and caused one of the furnaces to blow | i considerable damage, At tho Phospix | Hessomur’ Biool Works the FLOODS IN men wore blowing | j= six ton lot of metal | operations. } tt, | tory, resulting m | out the use of gunpowder, Ifthe o} | blexwings, and that by His will y | day of Novenbe when the flood burst , causing a terrible explosion, which luckily in- ijnred no one, although it shook the entire neighbor. hood. At U fluence of the Rother and the Dox, near Eckels, the water is now thirty feet deep, the roads, welds and rivers being one level expanse of foaming, muddy water, The Rotherham Central Station is converted into a rapid six-fect-deep stream, a wrecked locomotive standing in its midst. THE ROTUKKUAM IRON WORKS DAMAGED, At many Rotherhain ironworks streams of water are through, doing almost irreparable damage to costly machinery, Below the Homes, and thence as fur ar Conisbro’, the Don Valley is a broad lake, tliteen miles in an almost unbroken length, and rom @ hundred yards to half a mile in width, u Mexborough many houses are flooded; but, most se- jous of all, the new Assembly Kooms fell in during Wednesday night with a great crash, At Doncaster the scene of suffering is reported to be lunentable, Wednesday had been tne, but rain was again falling the greater part of last night, Telegraphing late last night our Sheffield correspon- dent adds:—A fiercer storm than ever broke over Sheffield to-night, The streets in the higher prs of the town were flooded, and traffle in the lower thoroughfares is quite’ suspended. ‘The rain came down in sheets, and it was a singular sight to see people wading up to the knoes in water, Many persous have beeu rendered housoless by tho continued floods, which have risen even into the bed- rooms of the low lying suburbs, The inhabitants are appl or of a great calamity it the rain continues longer, Very carly yesterday morning the River Skerne overiiowed ‘its bunks and the sides, covering the Surrounding country for some miles, and flooded several streets in Denlgan from a depth of one to two feet, Provision dealers and others sustained damage, The flood has not been so high for ayeneration. The fires at the gasworks and soiwe factories were put out, and operations stopped. Notice was given that thefe would be uo gas, and the strects were in darkness, + The flood abated by noon, but last night a heavy rainfall threatened to renew it. Our Wolverhampton correspondent states that the flood is becoming increasingiy serious to the mining | Hundreds of miners are out of employ. ment from this cause alone, and a large amount of mining property is seriously endangered, Many col- hers have been driven from their Tomes as well as thelr work. GLADSTONE AND THE CHURCH. WHAT THE PALL MALL GAZETTE THINKS OF HIS ‘‘ANTI-PAPAL FEVER,” {From the Pall Mall Gazette, Oct, 23.] Mr. Gladstone ts heaping up reasons for hoping that he will never return to power in England, Years since, when yet he had declined little from the utmost height of his popularity, we ventured to prophesy that once fallen he would never again be Prime Minister, and day by day he adds to our hope that the prophecy willcome true, The anti-Papal fever which seized upon him at the close of his Ministerial career has now reached such a degree of heat, not to say of delirium, that he really seems willing to plunge England into a religious war, Ultramontane forces, uitramoutane plottings, which Prince Bismarck exaggerates in cold blood and us mutter of policy, have overmastered Mr. Gladstone's imagination to adegreo that would make of him dangerous man if he were in 4 position of power. His essay in the Church Quarterly eview offers the latest exemplitication of a temper which would be almost futal in a strong and popular Minister. Here, in a few passages, he has contrived to give deep offence to the whole French people, who will heuceforth associate English liberal- ism with Bismarckism, and in whom he has inspired the justifiable dread that if he came into power aguin | Germany would have in England an ally against thom- ry ‘This, of course, is mere mischicl. Already the French papers bave singled out these passages tor bit- ter observation, and we ure told that they have “caused a great sensation,” One of these passages we quote : **fhat powerful setting of the current of human mo- tive and inclination, which we ill term fate, seems to determine France 4oward another deadly contest with Germany for the bereneny. of the Continent, No doubt her words, and, what ia more, her thoughts to- day are those of peaco; but her under-thought, so to speak, the embryo of her mind im the future, which Waits for its development and for an atinusphere to live in, is war; war for recovery, perhaps, more than for supremacy, When the time of that terrible war shall arrive, the very instinct of nature will teach her to strengthen herself by association with all the elements congenial to her purpose. Now such an association can hardly arise in the normal shape of allance between State and State, Under this head she muy possibly reckon, according td general appearances, upon the sympathy of Spain. But a country which after baving risen so high has sunk so low, and which resembles l'rance at present only in incapacity of selt- overnment, can count for litte. The true ally of rance will be un ally without apame; it will be the uitramontane minority which ‘pervades the world; which triumphs in Belgium; — which, brags’ m England; which partly ‘governs and partly plots in France; which disquiets, though with. | out strength to alarm, Germany and Austria; which 1s Weaker perhaps in Italy than in any of those countries; but which is everywhere coherent, everywhore tena- cious of its purpose, everywhere knows its mind, tol- | lows its leaders and ides its time. This minority, which hates Germany and persecutes Italy, will by & futal and inevituble attraction be the pne’ fast ally of Frunee, if ever France be again so far Overmastered by her own internal foes as to Jaunch again upon a wild | career of political ambition Wearing the dishonorable and fictitious garb of religious fanaticism,” Surely it Is uniurtunate for the liberal party in Eng: land thit the man who is supposed abroad ‘to be leader who has over them complete mastery should publish such offensive matter 4s this, from which fana- ticism hus excluded almost all considerations except those it feeds on, The bigotry of ultran blind and reckless indeed; but, unfortunately,it has not a monopoly of those qualitics, They flourish iu | every fervid ecclesiastical mind, ag Mr, Gladstone seems bent on proving. CAUSES OF MALARIA. INTERVIEW WITH GENERAL VIELE ON THE SANI- TARY CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL PARK AND HARLEM. Attention has been directed by our contemporary, the Sun, to the alleged malarial condition of the atmosphere in Central Park, by the reported sickness of members of the police force, and also to the preva- lence of fevers in Harlem from the same cause. A representative of the Heratp called upon General Egbert L. Viele, the author of the original plan of the Park and of the topographical map of the city of New York, Genoral Viele stated, in reply to the inquiries ad- dressed to him, that the Commissioners of the Central Park had in their possession elaborate and carefully considered plans for the thorough drainage of the entire area of the Park, prepared by him at the very commencemont of the work of improvement, and that if those plans bad been faithfully executed there could not be any malarial emanations now arising from the ground, as the plans were based on Well established principles that had been practically tested. A very probable cause of malaria may exist in | he | the condition of the water in the park. few moditications of the original ata gr which bas resulted in the accumulation of cousidera ble bodies of water in ponds scattered through the Park. These ponds necessarily receive a large amount of surface washings and thus accumulate vegetable matter, as Well as an atnount of organic matter derived from the fertilizing material placed im the ground, As there are no arrangements made for aerating this water a certinn degree of stagnation takes place frou the decomposition of the matter washed into and therefore malaria is formed. — Another source of trouble arises from the fact wiat in the con- struction of some of these ponds land outside of the Park bas become saturated and made a source of ma- Am sigh Was an atte pt laria, This will probably involve suits for damages by the owners q the private property thus Injured. In regard to the malarious coudition ot things at Harlem General Viele stated that the Harlem flats will never be properly draimed without the aid of steam. Wittnn the last ew years a great many streets and several avenues have be dled through this terri- series of embankments w park the Harlem region like the lines on a ches ard, forming a succession of inclosed basins where the sur- fuce water stands unul it is evaporated, leaving the ground thoroughly saturated. This is the most su cesstul plan that could possibly be adopted for produ ing a maximum of malaria from @ minimum of surface, and the Board of Public Works ought to take out a patent for the speedieat method of killing people with. rs of Untproved d to pl y the blocks a quant would absorb a large Velops {nto mavaria, an rotmediate tary condition of that section would take Moreau Morris called attention to tt malaria some months ago, and ithas been a matter of surprive that no arrangements have been made for aerating the water in the ponds before this, GOVERNOR BEDLE. GOVERNOR OF NEW JEnsEY. Trevor, Nov, 5, 1875, Governor Bedle has issued the toliowing proclama- thot Recognizing God as the source and giver of all our rhment is ordained and upheld, 1, Joseph D, Bedie, Governor of the State ot New Jersey, du hereby designate Thursday, the 2oth sand recommend the people of tis State gratetully to observe it ax aday of tha giving and praise to Almighty God for His jmnumerable bounties and mercies ty us during the year drawing to a close, and of hamble prayer that He inay continue to prosper and bless us. AN ELEPHANTS TRAVELS, The well known elephant Jennie, thirty-live years of age, weighing 7,500 pounds, comely in appoarance, ro- markably docile aad au old resident im she Contral Park ntanism is | er display of eflect in connection with water, | | PHILOSOPHY OF | THE THANKSGIVING PROCLAMATION OF THE | jageri¢, is now residing in Nestor Aymons’ stone in Hoboken, Sbe sojourned for several days a y in MeCloskey’s stables, where sho was visited bj the notables of Hobogen, including the politicians, Sho frightened the Iterses, however, #0 much that she | had to be removed to her’ present residence. She about starting on foot for Philadelphia to engage im circus business, and it is expected that with her long strides she willreach the City of Brotherly Love withiq three or four days, THE SINGER ILL CASE, UNLOOEED FOR ADJOURNMENT OF THE PRO CEEDINGS~-RUMORED OFFER TO COMPROMISE REJECTED—A MYSTERIOUS YOUNG MAN ¥ROM THE WEST. The Singer will case did not make much progress im the Surrogate’s Court at White Plains, Westchester county, yesterday, Before the hour appointed for ro suming the proceedings touching the legal status of Mrs, Mary Ann Foster, the contestant, had arrived, Surrogate Coflin received « telegram from counsel for the executor, setting — forty that an engagement ‘n another court prevented thera from attending, and that in consequence an ad- journment had been agreed upon between themselvet and the opposing counsel, This appeared to be unwel, come news to those few present, and some of these, while sauntering slowly out of the judicial atmosphere, were seen casting regretful glances behind them. Trae it is, that to — scandal-loving ears the case, as already foresiadowed, presents an un- usually righ treat, for, withont desiring to anticipate, | there is good authority for the assertion that the litiga- tion commenced js likely to elicit the most astounding | domestic revelations which havo as yet been spread be~ fore the present gencration, Neither the principals in the case nor the coum+ 1 on either side appeared yesterday, a cir- cumstance which evidently occasioned some slight disappointment to many __ present, and, perhaps, especially to the artist of a New York illustrated weekly newspaper, who had come prepared to sketch the leading participants 1m the strife, on the tesue of which depend millions of dollars. ‘It hag | been ascertained, from what are considered authentic sources, that counsel for the legatoes have inthnated a desire to compromise with the contestant by paying her $200,000 out of the estate, and that the intima. | tion has had only the effect of encouraging | her im her litigious determination to secure about $4,000,000, which she, as the alleged widow of the tes- | tator, ‘claims to be her rightiul due, But if many- | tungued rumor 1s to be credited, additional claimants to participation in the estate may ‘appear al auy moment, The testator was a man of noted laxity of morals. Under the terms of the will some twenty or more of hia ollsprivg by divers und sundry mothers are entitled on an average to about $200,000 each. There have | been and are other children of the deceased whose | Rames are not to be found in the testamentary docu- mient, and it would uot be surprising il, before the pres- ent legal controversy be closed, his “sons should come from afar and his daughters’ from the ends of the | earth’? to be present at and partake of the final di- | Vision and distribution of his immense estate, Notable among the spectators m court during the | preliminary hea. ing of the case was a young man who | had apparently seen little more than twenty summers. | His well tanned face and brawny hands bespoke faiil- | arity with laborious outdoor employment, He waa | observed to pay the closest attention to the proceed- ings, and particularly to the arguments advanced by contestants’ counsel during the desultory dé bate. He was evidently a total stranger, | not speaking to or being addressed by any one in the court room. After the adjournment, and When on the way to the railroad depot, he approached the writer with an air of fainiliarity, and on bemg promptly inter- rogated us to his identity, merely replied that he had | travelled night and day from Kansas in order to be present at the proceedings, a8 he had an interest im the estate, Having been asked as to what he based his claim on, this Inysterious young man said, in a half whisper, ‘They will all find out who I am soon } enough,,”’ and then bounded across the street, ‘The Surrogate named Monday, the 15th inst., as the day on whicli afurther hearing ‘in the case will take place, CORONERS’ OFFICE. | An unknown man entered the lager beer saloon kept | by James Farrell, at the corner of Horatio and Wash- ington streets, yesterday morning, and died ina few minutes after entering. He is supposed to have beem suffering from heart disease, Deputy Coroner Marsh will hold « post-mortem examination of the remains, after which an inquest will be held by Coroner Eickhoil Barbara Metzger, the unfortunate woman who was reported yesterday as suffering from the effects of mal- practice at the hands of midwife named Wagner, died | at half-past ten o'clock yesterday morning. A jury has been empanelled and will view the remains this | morning, ‘The inquest will be held next Saturday g@ ten o'cloc! Sometime during the month of July last Mrs, Alber. | tina Bogeuschwartz, of No, 784 Eleventh avenue, went | into the adjoining ‘house, No. 782, for the purpose of collecting from a family named Siebert the sum ot | ninety cents, due the husband of Mrs. Bogenschwarta | for beer purchased in his saloon, Instead of paying the amount claimed Siebert and his wile fell to beating Mrs. | Bogensehwartz, and handied her im such a rough man- ner that the unfortunate woman has been continued to her bed ever since, Yesterday Coroner Kickholt was sont for to take her ante-mortem statement, but on ar- | riving at the house he found the patient ina comatose | state, from the effects of brain fever, Deputy Coroner | Marsh, who accompanich Coroner Eickhoif, gave it | as his opinion that the woman could not possibly re- | cover. The Sieberts have been arrested. |. Coroner Kessler held an inquest yesterday on the ody of an infant ed to have been drowned in an thouse, at No. bast Forty-eighth street, on the 24th ult, by its mother, a young girl named Elizabeth Donovan, “After hearing all of the evidence eight of the jurors rendered # verdict completely exoneratin; | the mother, but as the two remaining jurors were o} opinion that the child came to its death from violence the Coroner took it upon himself to commit the girl ta the Tombs in default of $2,500 bail. The girl-mother is but zixteen yeurs of age. BOARD OF POLICE. ‘The full Board of Police Commissioners mot yesten Mr, Matsoll in the chair. A communication was received from District Attorney | Pheips recommending to the favorable consideration of the Board Superintendent Walling and detectiver Dorsey and Kealey for the energy and ability dis | played in the capture of the murderer of James i. | Noe; also similarly recommending captains Aeddes | and McDonald for meritorious services in securing the | arrest of the murderers of Abraham Weisberg. A communication Was received from Chief of Police Ross, of Utica, tendering the sum of $100 to be | divided among detectives Adams, Von Gerichten, La | Rue and Lyons, for arresting the burglars | Welsh and Malan, who came from Utica | to this city. The letter spoke in flattering terms of the Zeal and ability displayed in the cas by Superintendent Walling. The communication was, on motion, spread on the ininutes, after which it wat | voted that'asix days’ leave of absence be granted to | the Supermtendent | Patrolman Gorman, of the Seventeenth precinct, | Was dismissed trom the department for beiny off his post. Acommunication was received from the Board af Excise transmitting a list of unlicensea uquor jn the Eighth ward, WORK FOR THE POLICE, . } | | James Cahill reported to Captain Potty, of the Firat | precinct, yesterday, that he had been robbed of $6t by some unkuown person while at the Eastern Hotel, Ayoung man culled at the residence of Mrs. C. Crombie, No. 104 bast Twenty-third street, Thursday evening, and stole two overcoats from the hall stand, “THE GROTESQUE. The large hall of the Young Men’s Christian Associa, tion Building was completely Gillea last evening on the occasion of a locture by Professor Sheppard, of Chi- The subject was “The Philosophy of the Grotesq ue”? The grotesque, or ludicrous, ot incongruous in ‘human nature and literature he detined as tho blending of the comic and pathetic, and proceeded to illustrate this view by + long series of anecdotes and readings. Ridicule, as a ineans of seourging and reforming social abuses, wat also largely dwelt upon, The readinus were principally selected from Dickens, @ profound sensation bemy made by the rendering of the death of Joc, in “Bleak House,’ followed immediately by “The Ninety and Nine,” which Mr, Sankey has rendered so popular, Theaudience were kept in a roar of laughter from the beginning of the lecture until its ond, not only by Protessor Sheppard's clever interpretations of tho works from which he read but by nis own quaint ana original humor, COOPER INSTITUTE, Last night a lecture was delivered at the above insti. | tution by Major, General Kilpatrick, upou “The List Soldier.” The hall was about one-third filled, and the audience early gave vent to their impatience for the General's appearance by repeated stamping, Several clergymen accompanied the Geaeral to the — platiorm. The lecture was very discursive in character, the introduction to it occupying, at least, ane fifth of the time tuken by the whole lecture, The teats of Trish soldiery in various murts of the world were first expatiated upon, neidents of the jate war were then adduced j to show the reckless br; of the kK | who had fought in the Northern Then | yeneral review of the feats of the Irist » yit | various parts of the world, Fontenoy aut Sulpiacyse were duly introduced. The audience shuwe | their ap | ioe of the Genoral’s remarks by frequent ap se