The New York Herald Newspaper, October 25, 1875, Page 3

THR KHOKAND REVOLUTION, Journey of a Russian Envoy to the Capital of the Khanate. OUTBREAK OF THE REVOLT. Perils of the Russian Party Among the Insurgent Populace. FLIGHT OF THE KHAN. Hopsexr, August 6, 1875. Our expedition toKhokand was so eventful and so @ifferent from what) we had expected that I shall Plunge at once im medias res by saying that we arrived im the capital on the 26th of July. We had with us Desides Weinberg and Scoholeff, the envoy of Khokand Fesident at Tushkent, Mirza Hakim, and twenty-two Cossacks and six djigits, or mounted natives, There ‘Wes also Abda-Kerim Bek, a nice boy of eighteen and ® relative of the Khan, who was said to be implicated im some of the rebellions. last year. By tho orders of General Kaufmann he was fo be, given up to tho Khan as a rebel, in Whe hope that by this propitiatory offering the Khan might be-induced to agree’ to our demands. I could « Bothelp feeling a good deal of pity for the poor boy, © Who had never been in Khokand im his life, and it #emed to me an outrage that, as strong as we are, we should be obliged to buy the good will of a good-for- nothing fellow like the Khan at the los¢ of our own dignity and fairness. I think Weinberg felt very much the samo way, but we all had to obey orders. A messenger having been sent on in advance to in- form the Khan of our arrival we were met near the yown and conducted to the house of Mirza Hakim, ‘which was to be at our disposition during our stay, and ‘we were informed that on the next day the Khan would reccive us and ask us about our busi- ‘mess. In fact he did not give us an au- dience until the day after, and meanwhile every effort was made to discover our reason for coming. AsI spoke Turki several of the Khan's people and even the Mekhter himself (he had charge of foreign affairs) had 19ng interviews with me to sound meas to Mr, Wein- berg’s instructions, Finally, about five o’clock in the morning, the Mekhter came and told us that the Khan ‘Was ready to receive us. ‘THE KHAN’S RECEPTION, Hastily putting on our full uniforms and taking wome Cossacks with us.to carry the presents intended for the Khan we set out fof the palace, When we came ‘to the great square we id a large body of troops drawn up in our honor, aijfef whom presented arms as we passed, and when wo jounted at tho gate of the palace we were saluted with the beating of drums and a blast ef such military music as - the band of trumpets and cymbals could afford. Our elbows were immediately seized by attendants, and tm accordance with the prevailing etiquette we were dragged at a fast trot into the presence of the Khan ‘who is a stout, good looking man about forty-five, with @ full beard, and he sat cross-legged on a cushion at the © farther end of the room, in a green sill gown and white turban, 44¢ did not rise nor give us his hand, but bowed a8 we were severally presented to him, and motioned to us to be seated on his right. Weinberg gave him the letter of General Kaufmann and explained his mission, . Baying at the same time that the General hoped for the complete pardon of Abdu-Kerim Bek, who had been led into error through his youth and inexperience. Tho Khan immediately consented and gave the boy in charge , to one of his nearest counsellors, He also gave his * fall consent to Scoboleff’s exploration, and offered twenty djigits to accompany us to the frontier. He added, however, that it was somewhat dangerous on ‘the other side of Ush in consequence of a rising of the nomads, but that 4,000 men had been sent against them under Abdurrahman Avtobatch!, his best general. During the preparations for our further journey we made various excursions in the bazaar and around the walls, of which Scoboleff made exact plans, looked at the mosques, most of which have been built within the last fifty years, and visited the Russian merchants * in their caravanseral, Our poor merchants have had a great deal to suffer since they have lived in Khokand, for they were always kept under strict surveillance and were not allowed to go out of their houses after seven o'clock in the evening, ‘he bazaar is much better built here than at Tashkent, and when we first artived there seemed to be a large trade going on, although as soon as the news arrived of the approach of the insurgents allthe shops, except those of the smiths, armorers and saddlers, were shut up. THE ARMY JOINS THE REBELS. A couple of days after our arrival news was brought that Abdurrahman and his troops had all gone over to the rebels. As this somewhat disturbed our plans Weinberg had another audience with the Khan, at which he gave him a message from the Governor General with regard to the treatment of his subjects. The Khan seemed much dejected by the news which he had received, and expressed a readiness to follow the advice of Kaufmann, and even, if necessary, to ask for his assistance, The next day we heard Yhat the Khan’s eldest son had gone over to the rebels, that his brother, the bek of Marghilan, had also joined them; that Marghilan had been taken’ and that the rebel army was within forty miles of us. The tity now became intensely excited, the shops wero all shut up, goods were transported to remote places in the suburbs, and the streets and the bazaar were filled with large crowds who were listening to the preaching of the dervishes, all demanding the expulsion of the Khan and a religious war against Russia. Even before that we had met with constant insults from the popula- Mon, being spit upon and called dogs, and once or \wice we narrowly escaped the stones that were thrown at us, THE KHAN DKCIDES TO PLY. ‘The Khan now told us that he had decided to leave the city, as he could not depend upon the population, and would take up a position a few miles off, As wo found it dangerous to remain, and as Weinberg had no instructions that would warrant him in joining the insurgents wo made up our minds to go with the Khan, and immediately sent word of our departure to | all the Russian merchants in order that if they chose they might return with us to Hodjent. ‘The last night of our stay in the town was a very un’ easy one. Our guards had all run away, and we were forced to depend upon our little handful of Cossacks in the midst of the very hostile population, During the whole of the night there were constant alarms from the beating of drums and cries of passing mobs, Early in the morning we learned that tho second son of the Khan with most of the troops remaining in the town had gone to Join tho rebels, This was on the 3d of August. A PERILOUS JOURNEY, The merchants and one or two Tartars Joined us, in all about nine persons, and we were ready to start, although from the difficulty in getting carts we had to put all our luggage on three instead of seven, and it was hard work for them to move. Before starting Weinberg sont a messenger with a letter aud tologram to Hodjent to inform our friends of our movement, We afterwards learned that the messenger was stopped at Kenabadam and robbed, escaping only with his life on foot to Hodjont. It was a serious question whether we should go out quietly by the nearest gate, or should go to the Khan’s palace to meet him, although in eo doing we would have to pass through the bazaar and the whole length of the town. The first looked too much like running away and we decided on the latter, When about half way there ‘we met a good part of the Khan's army that was pass- ing through the town to take up a position beyond. At the same time the crowd in the stroet was so great that We could only get on with the greatest difficulty, and Were constantly subjected to insults from both populace And soldiers. One officor as he passed me turned his head and said, Go on, go on; we will have plenty of time to cut your heads off afterwards,” Just at that Moment Scoboleff cried out to me, “For God’s sake go on.” As it turned outa native had struck a Cossack with a stick and the Cossack was just about drawing his sabre when Scoboleff luckily Stopped him, and had wo not hurried ‘on in all probability we should all have beon massacred Just as we arrived at the palace the Khan, with his at- fendants, camo out apparently tranquil, and after re- out with him by nearly the same road to onef the southern gates, THE KUAN’S DEPARTURE. He evidently did not like to go by the western gate, lest it should be thought that he was going with us to Hodjent, and wished to make the people think that he was going out to fight the rebels, During our passage through the city nobody dared to make any open resist- ance, but the population was en, and we occasion- ally heard voices wishing for and predicting our death, After marching about six miles, first through the meadows and then through a sandy and gravelly plain, we came to an excellent position, Sou Khaneb, on the edge of a little wood whore we halted for breakfast. THR KHAN’S ARMY. ; I wish you could have seen the Khan’s army. There were about4,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry, with all varieties of uniform andwith all kinds of arms. Some, who seomed to belong to the guard, had red or green jackets, with a little gold braid, covered with buttons: from every nation undef the sun, and one fellow I saw had English, Austrian and French, besides, of course, Russian. The most of them, however, were in the ordinary gowns tied about the waist with a sash, tucked. into wide leather trousers, while some few of them wore the heavy coats of mail which wo ‘see in the Caucasus One officer 1 noticed with bearing the initials of the Emperor Paul. The, y all wore three epaulets, one on each shoulder and one on the back of the neck. Some of the men carried pikes and some had old muskets, but the majority of them had the heavy matchlock used everywhere throughout Central Asia, while perhaps a score of men had Berdan rifles, It seems that three or four years ago a Berdan rifle was stolen from one of our soldiers, and since then the Khokandian armorers have been copying it, The inferior officers for the most part had either little hammers or simple sticks, with which they occasionally beat their men. I should have liked. nothing better than to meet the whole lot with halt of one of our battalions well armed, but with a handful of men fn the midst of this disorderly crowd our situation ‘was anything but agreeable, We had rested a couple of hours when Mirza Hakim came to tell us that the Khan had resotved to go Bish- aryk in the direction of the Russian frontier, and we atonce began to pack up. While we were doing so there was suddenly @ great commotion ainong the Khan’s cavalry close by: They tore their banners from their standards, mounted their horses, and yelling at the top of their voices rushed off toward the city. While we were wondering whether this meant desertion or whether it was to repel an attack of the enemy, the Khan and his suite were sneaking off through the gar- dens without our knowing it. A NARROW RSCAPE, We quickly saw what was the matter, for the artil- lerists also got on their horses and, abandonding their cannon, galloped off, The infantry immediately fol- lowed suit, We then seized our arms and got ready to defend ourselves to the last, when Evgrof came up and fold us that if we did not leave at once we should all be cut to pieces, Evgrof is a Cossack de- serter, who has lived along time im Khokand and has & most remarkable history. At one time he served in the Guards at St. Petersburg, but for some offence was put intoa Siberian regiment Here ho got mto some other row, and being immediately provided by his friends with two or three false passports and sey- oral disguises, worked his way down the Ural moun- tains to Archangel, where he unfortunately arrived just one day too late for the last English ship, He then re- turned to Siberia, and finding himself im great danger fled to Turkistan, where to save his life he had to turn Mussulman, under tho name of Suleiman Kul, and enter the army. He served in many capacities, and was then a captain of artillery. To add td the romance of his life he married in Khokand a Russian girl, a prisoner, with whom he had been in love years before. Having lived in Khokand more than twenty years, he has been, in spite of himsolf, in nearly all the fights with the Russians, Yet he isstillas much of a Russian at heart a¥ ever, and although nominally a Mussulman, he really sticks to his old orthodox faith. He always ren- dered the Russian merchants innumerable little services and had been very useful to us before, . Had it not been for his skill in extricating us from our difficult position we certainly should have all perished, and I trust that now he will receive his pardon and get the greatest wish of his life, which is to return to Russia, HOTLY PURSDED. It seems that wheu ff heard a rumor that the Khan was taking his Wives and treasure and going to Russia, he thought his best chance was to accompany him; the Khan seeing him, asked him where the Russians were and said he wanted them with him. Evgraf then came to find us, but on the road met a crowd of soldiers, who were debating whether to fire on us or not, Fearing for his own lifo he stayed with them fora while, and finally getting a chance came to us and got us off, and guided us through the gardens, in the direction which the Khan had taken. As soon as our departure was noticed a large body of horsemen, accompanied by the inhabitants of the villago, set out in pursuit of us and kept up a des- ultory fire, Our horses got frightened, the heavy carts kept stopping and impeded our retreat, Every time that the natives got too near, half of our party dismounted, and our determined attitude soon brought them to halt, but no sooner wore we remounted than they started off again: after us, Weinberg at first did not want us to fire, lest we should be accused of having commenced hostilities, but it soon became evident that there was no time for diplomatic niceties, and that we ‘must do our best to save ourselves, Our march through the garaens was a very diflicult one, because the road was narrow and cut up by frequent pools and ditches, and we were every moment in fear of an ambuscade, THE PARTY CANNONADED, At last we came out into an opening and were con- fronted by five cannons, which fired grapeshot at us from a distance of forty paces, killing ono of our djigits and wounding a young Tartar boy, a servant of one of the merchants, We were lucky to escape, oven with this, for soon after we were aguin fired at with round- shot, but at a longer distance, and were obliged to f@bandon our carts, containing all our luggage and pres- ents. In about half an hour we came up to the Khan, who was Waiting for us under his great red flag, while the troops that had remained faithful to him were firing on the rebels, who had come up tolorably close. As soon as we got to him Scoboleif gave his own horse to a digits and sent him with a note to Hodjent, asking for aid. . CONTINUED DESKRTIONS, During the rest of the day small detachments of sol- diers were constantly leaving the troops, who, as soon as they had got off little distance, began to fire upon us, and once or twice we observed large bodies of men him up to his last fortress and that he must, now decide further off toward the mountains, who wero watching | us. The carts of the Khan frequently stopped, and the ‘men who were sent after fresh horses nover came back again, but pillaged the carts and deserted. The Khan had geome 8,000,000 rubles with nim in gold, and I imagine that the pursuit was more for plunder than from any hostile motive. He only succeeded in saving about half of it, We found out that the rebels bad sent a large detach- ment to Kanabadam to cut us off, but the Khan turned southward toward Bish-aryk, thus avoiding them, Wo arrived here about midnight, after a long detour, the pursuit having ceased as it became dark, so that we were able to ride with more comfort. Our merchants | told us that in Bish-aryk a Russian merchant and his wite had been imprisoned by the imhabitants. We, therefore, sent an official of the Khan, Hatim Bai, with several dijgits to free them. A fow minutes after we heard firing, and the dijgits Teturned, saying that Hatim Bai had been killed, although we soon found out that no one had thought of attacking him, and that he had taken the opportunity to desert. The merchant and hd wife bud escaped from Bish-aryk three days before. On leaving Bish-aryk, as we distrusted the Khokan- dians with the Khan, who in the dark might attack us at any moment, we went off by ourseives, keeping some distance from the main column, and marched slowly all night without being pursued. About day- light, after we had passed through the small village of Shaitan Mazar (Devil's Tomb), we heard loud cries and firing, and one of tho Khan’s followers came and told us.that the enemy was following us and that the Khan wanted us to send half of our Cossacks to protect him. Woe refused, however, to divide our forces, and sent him word that if he wanted pro- tection he could come to us. We then stopped, after finding a position suitable for de. fence. The Khan’s messenger returned and asked us at least to defend his family and his gon Urman Bek, and we allowed the cart in which they rode to remain in our rear, The firing continued for some maining somo twenty minutos in giving orders, we get | little time, but with no particular result, We thore- NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, iA upon turned face and went upa small hill to let the epemy see our white caps and uniforms, so that they could know that we were not afraid of them, after which we went slowly on, singing. The men had then been in the saddle for thirty-six hours, during six of which we had been ander fire, THE PURSUIT CREASES. We were not pursued after this, and arrived without accident at Malhram, which had been abandoned by the Bek, | Up to this time the Khan had been hopeful. He | seemed to think that the people of the villages and the | neighboring beks would join his party, and had even | hoped that when we reached the Russian frontier he might, with the assistance of the Russian troops, march | back to Khokand. But here Weinberg tol’ him that | ‘we could do no more for him; that we liad protected | whether to remain there alone or to continue with us to Hodjent. All hope having left him, for instead of gaining in strength his followers had been deserting him at every step, he decided to accompany us. We left Makhram at noon, and after riding several miles through a very desolate and sandy rogion, ar- rived about sunset at the Russian village of Ispessar, Rear which we meta troop of sharpshooters that had | beon mounted and sent to our aid. ARRIVED AT HODIENT, ‘We passed the night at Ispessar, which is only eight miles from Hodjont, and arrived hero yesterday after- noon, very tired after our ride of 100 miles, but de- lighted to be safely home, We had two djigits ‘killed aud one missing, while of the Kban’s escort eight were killed and nine wounded, With the Khan, beside Mirza Hakim, the Envoy, are his younger son, Urman Bek, Ata Bek, an old man and his chief adviser, Mulla Muaruf, the Bek of Sokh and dbout 350 armed men. There are, beside, about 300 more, women and servants, Scoboleff went off to Tashkent this morning, and I shall go to-morrow or Hext day, accompanying the Khan, who is now too ill to travel, Rascal as he is, he bears himself very well in his misfortunes. 4 To be sure, he has had experience enough, as this 1s the third time he has been deposed. All L ask now is that we shall march back to Kho- kand and give those natives a good lesson, THE KHAN’S LETTER TO GENERAL KAUFMANN. Avausr 7, 1875. The Khan has just written a letter to General Kauf- mana, in which he says:— ‘The 2d of Redjeh T resolved to leave my capital and to await on the ileld of battle the insurgents who were marching on Khokand. My dear guests, as well as Mirza Hakim, departed with me and have remained by me, notwithstanding the repeated attacks of the rebels and their fire against us. Only Russians could show themseives capable of such a noble action, At a moment when je own attendants betrayed me and took to flight the Russians persisted in following me; and without them it would have been impossible for me to reach the Russian frontier. These officers wore sent to me by destiny, and I shall never forget the service that the Russians have rendered me, We have arrived at Hodjent and live in tho most completo tran- quillity under the powerful protection of the great white Czar. I have a firm hope that you, our old friend, will not refuse me your help in such a ‘moment. God is merciful! He will soon arrange an interview. The Khanate of Khokand and I are in your hands and in your power. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. THE POSITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE REPUB- LICAN PARTY—HOW THE REPUBLIC WAS, VOTED—SPEECH OF JULES SIMON AT CETTE, The speech of the ex-mtnister of M. Thiers, of which the following is @ translation, ig regarded by the French and English press as having been: provoked by the re- centiutterance of M. Naquet and the “‘intransigent’’ group of the republican party. M. SIMON’S SPEECH, In 1862 I struggled together with yourselves. We de- fended the interests of the country. We were the sol- diers of that cause. I often see old soldiers who toll of the battles at which they were present. We also may be proud of our campaigns, for we defended healthy doctrines. We are nearing ‘the final struggle, which | cannot now be very far off. Ifthe battle be well con- ducted, it is a victory; if other it is a mere ad- journment, whose length cannot be predicted. To | form a correct estimate of the-situation it is necessary to see exactly what this Assembly is. I do not wish to speak of its origin—it was elected at a pe- riod when candidacies could not even be discussed. But when it met, when it deliberated, you then counted the republicans. How many were there If there are At present so many, it isp the partial elections brought some, and poxt, because Wo made them. There are those, among the greatest among those of whom we have the right to be proud, who came to the Re- public, but who did not then like this form of govern- ment.’ At the beginning, then, we were weak, We had | first of all before us, parties irreconcilable among them- selves. The same sentiment, however, animated them | |—hatred of the Empire—but at the end of some time we could see that this hatred was appeased. Those who yotod the déchéance—remember this was, with the exception of six members of the Assembly, unani- | mous—found themselves allied to the Bonapart- ists. They were all united, the friends of Louis Philippe and the friends of the Comte de Chambord. These three parties hated one another, but one tie united them, I must call it by its right name—hatred of the Republic. Every time that we made an elfort to leave a provisional state of things, to esta! lish the Re- public in a definite way, we found them united against us, It is true that their divisions broke out again when one of the parties tried to get possession of power and to re-establish adynasty. I speak of the Orleanist parties and not of the Empire. This régime | is not made by Assemblies, butagainst them, and comes | in like a thief in the night, THE COUNTRY WILL NOT HAVE MONARCHY, An attempt was made then to bring in the Monarehy, aud when we wrote to the departments, ‘This is what we fear,” they replied to us on all sides, “The country does not wish 11” ‘That is true; but there was a majority in the Assembly, and We were likewise divided into three fractions, Our divisions were in truth less deep, but they were considerable. ‘Two years of work were neces sary to cause thé three republican groups to Work together. By dint of living side by side, of see- ing that united we could make recruits, we understood that we had almost a majority, and we said:—*-Let us cement our union and show our neighbors that we are | not as fearful as people try to make out.” [say we must make the Republic worthy of being toved, and it is by making it so that we shall gain soldiers to our | cause, We have been in a minority too long, and, gentlemen, the true policy of partis whon thoy are in & minority consists in making recruits wo become & majority. . After glorious beginnings the Republic, founded in 1792 and established in 1843 and 1870, lias fallen a second time by tho | fault of sectarians, who denaturalize its spirit. The way of making it’ durable to-day is to show that it is | worthy of being loved. Do not ‘let us give’ hold to | calumny. Even outside of our enemies there are sin- cere persons disposed to believe that the Republic threatens all interests, that it does not assure tran- quility, and who say, “I should like the Republic if it were possible.” Not only is it possible, but it threatens no interest—neither religion, since it proclaims liberty of conscience, nor property, which it looks upon as inviolable, nor public order, Which it alone ism a po- sition to assure, We are agreed on these points, If there still exist in the party shades of differenco, they will show themselves when the Republic shail be deti- nitely established, and we shall then try to make our ideas prevail with our voting gickets in our hands, HOW THE REPUBLIC WAS VOTRD. It was this thought which auimated us when we struggled against the coalition which confronted us when my friend M. Casimer- Périer—he will not be as- tonished that | speak in this way—brought ug his frst “that the Republic | lute ni roposition. It did not im trath suit us on all points, But'we carried it novertheless, ‘because it was ‘a first step towards the Republic. We allowed similar propo- sitions to be made, To proclaim the Republic we would simply have said, “Clause 1,—The Kepublic is pro- claimed.’ But the Left Centre walked in be paths. It tried to seduce its neighbors, It said, “The Govern ment of the French Republic is composed,” &¢, The Wallon amendment, already stale, and t which, in principle, no one had paid attention, was brought lor. ward again, It was carried—it is tho present constitu tion. We did not make it, but were we wrong w vote this constitution which we should not have mader Truly, we can easily flud faults in it; and yet, if any one Kuows a perfect constitution, let him say so. Im- perfect or not, it is the definite constitution, and itis a republican constitution, Had we not voted it, should wehaye had the Empire, Orleanisi or legitimacy ¢ No; but do you know what we should have had abominable chaos under which we have lived four yeu which for two years hindered M. in his admirable work of raising France, To-d ° have the right to say that the Republic has in its favor both the majority of the country and legality, If the work were to begin again my friends and myself, would do the same without hesitating. We were not unan- fmous, There were abstainers among us. I have sume- thing to say both on their abstention and on the speeches which some of them are delivering, but before all T ought to tell you that I do not feel in a humor to attack them, In the frst place, I never attack a republican; and next, whatever inay be ny dissent from the ‘persons of whom I speak, and 1 say frankly it is deep, can I on this account forget their | talents, their services and the honor which they do to | the party which we serve? Butlask the republicans | who have separated from us, Here is the constitution which you criticise; whut will the coming elections give us? A republican majority in the Chamber of Dep: | Uties, and a Senate in Which the Bonaparusts will be | in ammority, This bei and with this constitu: | tion, despite the faults wh ou see in it, the Republic is founded fore No one can work against that fact. What, then, ought to be our rdle? Why-make objections | constitution ? These serve our enemies, and every tite thata republican forgets himself and attacks | whai we have done, who applaud? ‘The enemies of the | Republic, who, finding only six Deputies on the 25th of February who did not yote with us, pretend that we are now more divided than then, ani that we shall not recover our majority of that day. No, that is not true, Ihave a right to say so in the name of the three groups of the Leit, We have made the coustitu- ton; we would do so again to-day, and if it bas faults OCTOBER 25, 1875.—-TRIPLE SHEE it depends on the electors to correct them by appoint iug two republican Chambers—I should like to say two vouservative Chambers, for I maintain that henceforth the two words are synonymous. Gentlemen, this dis- agreement, about which so much noise is made, only consists of vain words, for the intransigeants, as they are called, will vote with us and like us to the last day of tho Assembly, and I will prove it, What are we to do in this last session’ Three things—the raising of he law on the mayors and the KE These are the batiles which we have to tight before the dissolution. ‘The law on the mayors voted by this Assembly must be brought in again this Assembly, which under M. Thiers wished to cuuse mayors to be elected by the Municipal Councils, and which’ to day finds they are good only when ap- pointed by the Duc de Brogle, unless it be by M. Battet. ‘The second battle will be on the state of siege. The liberty of the press is more than ever necessury at a moment when tho rights of thought and conscience are attacked. Lastly, we shall siruggle to keep the , one dare Lo say that one of the Deputies of whom I spoke just now will ‘not vote with us? It would ‘be not only absurd but ridiculous to entertain such a supposition. CONCILIATION AND DISCIPLINE. And now, whut I have just said to the Deputies I say to you, electors. If anything good has been done by the Assethbly, it is because we have known how to be conciliatory and disciplined. If you would finish and eons our work, be coneiliatory and disciplined tow, not u sect; it is the legal govern- n 'y. Ithas the right to count on the submisgjon and devotion of all who give m their adhe sion it, withont asking the date of their conver, The more numerous are the con- | versions the more remote will be the of revolution. France needs repose; it is her fir after $o many disasters, Lot us contribute to give it her; Jet us show all that one’s fatherland should be above parties, Far trom disputing with republicans of the vigil, let us have no disputes with those of the morrow, having but one ambition, that of showing our selves faithfuf observers of the law, the most serupu lous irignds of probity in business and of austerity in morals. It is not sufficient for us to be honest; we must exaggerate honesty to ve worthy of the name of | republieans, Let us answer old and wbomiuable calum nies by the exercise of our virtues, and, in order that | Franes may feel that she has passed to the republican era, by seeing that all laws are invio- lable, that they are equal for all citizens, that no one can accomplish anything but by work and capacity, and that there is an eid of the government of courtesans and sharpers, trom the imperial LOUIS BLANC AND THE CLER- ICALS. . DENUNCIATION OF THE CLERICAL PRETEN- BIONS—THE LATE CONCESSIONS TO CHUROH ON THE EDUCATION QUESTION. ‘The following is a translation of the speoch delivered by M. Louis Blanc at a “‘private’” meeting recently held toadvanee the claims of M. Engelhard, a candidate for the municipal election in the Fifth arrondissement of Paris. THE REPUBLICAN PROGRAMME, GxtiaMeN AxD Dear Feu.ow Crrizexs—You wish that the state of siege should be raised, that an amnesty | should be proclaimed, that the principle of laic, gratui- tous and obligatory instruction should be admitted, that the door of elective functions should be opened to ali— to the poor as well as to the rich—by the payment of their labors; that no one should be able to be at the sume time &® Municipal Councillor and a Deputy; should become the Repub lic, aud your Wish has found its expression in the candidacy of M. Engelhard, To show how far this candidacy answers to our innermost feelings, one single word is suilicient, it is anti-clerical. Now, to-day, us always, the great obstacle,the highest danger is cleri calisim for wherever it is predominant, the life of cler- icalisms the death of liberty. What is, in fact, nec- essary in order that the Church may reign and govern ? Must not Reason abdicate before her Must not those who subtuit to her give up seeking in themselves for the rule of their conduct and the law of their develop- mont? Must they not for their acts, for ther thoughts, depend upon a guide whose mission they are aught to look upon asdivine? Consequently, must not their intelligence and their soul cease to be- long to them? And what is this ifit be not slavery ? To understund that there is between clericalism and hiberty # gulf—an impassable abyss—it is suiticient to remark that clerical partisans claim to be infallible. To be infallible is to be the truth, Can truth make a compact with error? ‘No,’ the Church, and, deducing from the dogms of intallibliity, its logieal consequences, she judges that she has the right—-what do 1 say’—the duty to shut the mouth of whomsoever does Wot share her belief? Therefore she takes care to sanctify force to her profit. Take the Syl- Jabus. You will read in it, “Anathema to him who shall saythut the Church may not employ force.” And this doctrine the Church has not refrained from apply- ing. Witness the extermination of the Albigenses and the throat cuttings of St. Bartholomew in France, the Inquisition in Spain, the scaffolds erected by the Duke ot Alva in the Low Countries, the fires lit by Catholic Mary in England, and ‘those in Italy, in which perished Bruno and Savonarola, Oh! without doubt the rovival of these furfes is no longer to be feared—thanks to the progress of light, thanks to the | softening of morals. But the principle which gave them bisth is there, always there; and whoever does | notéali omhis knees betore him who said, “I am the wath?" anatnematized. LIBERTY OF INSTRUCTION. When, therefore, the Bishop of Orleans and the clerical party of the Assembly asked for liberty of instruction they meant only, by liberty, liberty to be the masters; and this is what will be given them unless ¢are be taken by the law which has been voted. I only wish as a proof this passage from M. Laboulaye’s report. He says:—“With the progress of physical science, with the universality of modern studies, superior instruction has become a costly thing. Large libruries, considerable collections and fully stocked laboratories are necessary, To establish @ centre of study is a work of time, destined to increase with years, Only a durable association could suitice tor ‘such foundations.” Such, simply revealed, is the sceret of the immense’ importance which the clerical party attach to the law which they demanded and obtained under the deceptive tile of liberty of superior instruction. They knew that the dlergy is the ouly durable association in a State to pro- vide for the immense expenses which the foundation of universities necessitate. The know that the free think. ers would have great trouble to struggle against the ox. ercise of a collective body so powerfully and so long or- ganized, especially ‘under a ‘régime — which throws so many difficulties in the way of lay asso- ciations, and which causes to weigh On the Press the dominion of certain men of the sword allied to men of the Church. It was liberty which they invoked; it was u monopoly which they wanted. The researches and commentaries of the press cannot be tasteful to those who erect churches to the Sacred Heart, who make pilgrimages to Lourdes, and intrast the Holy Virgin with the care of curing ‘sick people only to call in the doctor when they are ill themselves, and who say “the interest of religion, of the belief of souls, is su- | perior to the interest of science,”? Progress, liberation, civilzation—such are the enemies against whom the Church, according to the solemn decla- ration of her head, commissions herself to fight, and to pass from religious domination to political is an abso- sity for the Church. Spiritual power, tem- poral power, peoples, governments, she must have all; she must have a man’s intelligence, his soul, his body, the whole man. It may be said that I exaggerate, would call to mind the doctrine professed by Gregory VIL, by Alexander Ill, by Boniface VIII., by Alex- ander VL, by all the popes; that doctrine trom which so many bloody wars issued, and which is so well sum- med up in the words of John XXII, “To the Sovereign Ponutt God bas contided both rights over the celestial empire and the terrestrial empire.” A FUGITIVE RECAPTURED, Last spring m the Lawrence (Mass.) courts Dennis Martin was tried and found guilty om the charge of maintaining in Lynn a disreputable institution—“a whiskey nuisance” and disorderly house. Be- fore the time for sentence came _ Dennis fled the State, leaving Mr. James Williams, of Lynn, his “bondsman, to answer in $1, to the Court, Martin has relatives residing in New- ark, and thither he was soon after tracked and there arrested; but it was found that the papers carried by Massachusetts officers were not sufficient to hold the fugitive apd he was released. He theu left Newark, but last week returnod, and Saturday was arrested a second time on a document held by the setts officers and known as “a bail piec rendering gubernatorial requisition unnecessary. terday afternoon Dennis took his departure trom New. ark for Lynn, accompanied by the officer, He will probably be sent for a year or two to State Prigon, John O'Brien, aged thirty-seven years, was found dead yesterday moruing in the sewer at the corner of 148th street and the Boulevard. Coroner Woltman will hold an inquest. Jolin Boyle, who received a fracture of the skull on | Suturday night, by falling from the roof of the Man- hattan Iron Works, died at Believue Hospital yesterday | morning from the injuries received, An unknown man, ayed about iifty years, died very suddenly yesterday morning at No, 112 Sherif! street, The deceased was employed as w tobacco stripper by Mury Berlade, at the above place, Ann M. Stengleheimor died suddenly yesterday at No. 36 Greenwich street, Coroner Croker took the ante-mortem statement of Felix McBride at Bellevue Hospital yesterday morning. McBride was stabbed on Saturday night in the liquor store of his brother, Owen, at the corner of Fortieth street and Second avenue, by Thomas Handy, a car driver, of ) cond avenue, Tho statement of the dying rroborutes the account published in the Hr esterday, Handy has not yet been captured, A FIGHTING LEGISLATOR. ‘The town of Harrison, N. J., was considerably oxcited on Saturday, in consequence of an assault made upon ». C. Toeloase, a local newspaper writer, by Mr. B. F. McDonald, a wr of the recent Legisin« ture. A tow days ago Mr. MeDonald was re- nominated, and Tocleaso, it is alleged, attacked him in his paper, charging him With being a’ bribe-takor, &e., in that he took $200 from the town authorities to far- ther the passage of what was known as the Harrison and Kearney Annexation bill, This money, Mr. Me- Donald clairas, was lawiully expended for necessary ex- ponses, ‘Tocloase throateas legal proceedinas, rue | AGRICULTURE IN NEW YORK. Growth of the Empire State— The Erie Canal, THE WONDERFUL WESTE RN HEGIRA. The ‘Michigan Fever” Forty Years Ago. FOUR MILLIONS OF NEW YORKERS IN 1870, The carliest attempt to collect agricultural statistics in New York was made in 1821, when but two items | were taken into account—the mumber of acres of im | proved land (5,717,494) and the number of neat cattle, horses and sheep (cattle, 1,215,049). The population of the State the year before (1820) was 1,872,812; so there inhabitant, The ameunt of land of all kinds in th State is 23,397,142 acres. In 1825 and in 1835 the sa items were noted in the State enumerations, with the | addition of swine to the domestic animals. In 1840, by ne the federal census, the number of horses, mules, cat- | Ue, sheep and swine, and the value of poultry were ascertained, and also the bushels of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, corn and potatoes; the pounds of wool, hops, sugar and, beeswax; the tons of hay, hemp and flax, the gallons of wine made, the cords of wood sold, the value of the pro- ducts of dairies, orchards and market gardens; the | Number of men employed, and the capital inyested in nurseries, ‘This was tho firs: attempt to give anything like the statistics of agriculture in the Empire State. ‘The State census of 1845 elaborated the inquiries so as toembrace, besides the above, acres sown of wheat, | oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, corn, potatoes, peas, beans, turnips and flax, the number of cows milked (999,440) and the pounds of butter and chocse. In 1850 the national census reported the value of farms, farming implements and stock, the bushels of flaxseed, the pounds of hops, tobacco avd honey, pounds of silk cocoons, and number ot working oxen, Finally, in 1855, the Stato authorities undertook a comprehensive schedule, and from that date we may depend upon tolerable fulness and accuracy in the sta- tistics of the most important branch of human indus- | try. The return made was, for 1854, a year exceptional | for drought, imseets, worms, blight, winter-killing, rust, hail, frost, woodland flres—most of the grains re- turned two-third or three-quarter crops. In 1866 still further care was taken, and very vlab- orate returns were collected; and this is true of the census just taken in 1876, the results of which are nicely ted up with official tape in the Sgeretary’s oflice at Albany, to be kept until their value is gone and then printed for the bensfit of dealers in paper stock, Beiween these State enumerations came the federa censuses of 1860 and 1870; not so elaborate as those taken by the State, bat fully as accurate. And upon these figures, taken at intervals of five years, aud going back with reasonable fulness only twenty-five years, we | must depend for our knowledge of the progress and | changes of farming in the State. for half a century | We have had a State Agricultural Society. It is and | | long has been composed of a carload of old fogies, who meet twice a year, descamt on the shape of pears, the flavor of grapes, the quality of domestic wine and the | tuatomy of potato bugs; but, for information on agri- culture and its ups and downs, we might as well depend | om tho “Astrological Almanac.” A BUREAU OP sramistics, Much fun is made in somo quarters of the Agricul- tural Bureau at Washington, Doubtless it {x not all that it should or that it will be. But New York has 2. She has not even a shadow of a tem for collecting information on agricultural affairs, | The demands of their pockets compelled business men to establish banking and insurance departments, and the same motive in the form of taxation impelled | the tolerably accurate school records; but if any one | desires to lemaw tho.density of ignorance on agricul, tural affairs let him make inquiries in the Corn Ex change. He will find that no man there has more than @ general idea of the crops and probable products, and what little knowledge they have is gathered from the enterprise of agricultural journals and the monthly re- ports of the Agricultural Department at Washington, We sorely need and ought immediately to have a bu reau of statistics under State pay ,and authority, should take cognizance of every fact likely to interest even the smallest class of citizens, When shall we have it? GROWTH OF THE STATE, ‘Tho first census after the formation of the federal government, taken in 1790, gave New York a popula- tion of 340,120, of which the city had 31,183 and Al- bany city and county 15,736, Beyond Little Falls, westward, and north of Albany and west of the Cats- kill Mountains all was wilderness, Pioneers who ven- tured as fur as whero Utica and Syracuse now stand | bade everlasting farewells and scarce hoped to see civ- lization again. Now York was the fifth State in popu- lation, ranging thus:—Virginia, Pennsylvania, North | Carolina, Massachusetts, New York, | ten years we jumped along from 340,120 people to cont, bringing the State upto No. 8 in rank. Ver- | mont, part of which was then claimed by New York, increased in rather groater proportion. The next de- cade showed 959,049 people for New York, an increase of nearly sixty-three per cent, making her rank No, 2% Another ten years gave us, in 1820, 1,872,111 inbab- itants, an increase of forty-two per cent and placing the Stato No. Lin rank, Since that period, now more than half a century, New York has borne the proud title of “The Empire State,” The early settlers were exciusively from New Eng- land, or rather from Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, which then comprised about all there was of New England. and enterprise to leaven the slow Low Dutch element, and soon pushed along the Mohawk Valley into tho then boundless West aroun the little lakes in what was afterward called the “Geneseo country.” All this part of the State had been gobbled up by “patents,” as thoy were called—that is, immense purchases made by companies or single men, chief among which were the Holland company, an association of capitalists in Hol- tand, who, in 1793, took up 8,600,000 acres in the coun- ties west of and including Genesoe, In the same #oun- | ties Phelps & Gorham, in 1788, had secured 2,600,000 | acres, and others got over 1,000,000. These great tand- | lords were troublesome to settlers and compelled the | payment of large prices for land that ought to have main reliance for food, for the raising of which the limestone region, stretching from Oni Erie, was ordained by nature. The country was rapidly tied, and grain growing as rapidly déveloped. In 1820 the twenty counties west of Onondaga and Broome | Imd & population of 342,441. Twenty years later they hid 727,987—a growth of 112 per cont, while the re- mainder of tho State (excluding the elty) grew only about sixty-five per cent. A REMARKABLE EMIGRATION, The rapid growth above alluded to would have been absolutely astonishing but for a remarkable interrup tion that carried off hundreds of thousands of the younger men and women of the northern and western part of the State, This was known as “the Michigan fevor.”” Just about the time the and Mormonisin broke out with virulence ¢ Cass and other great landholders tn the then Torritory of | Michigan, flooded the land with stories of the wealth of that country; the rich and easily cultivated prairies, the genial aud salubrious climate, the freedom of habits, and all the baits that would allure adventurers, The rosult was a wild epidemic, a perfect craze to ‘go West | and buy a farm,” The gold emigration to California | was something like it, but did not carry off half as many | vietims, Nothing was he from 1831-2 until the great panic of 1886. but “Michigan,” “ Michigan.”? In Northern New York the excitement was wonderful and tho emigration enormous. Even the lyric muse caught the fever, and here are some verses of « homel Dallad that was'snng at busking bees and log-rollings long before political singing was thought of :— You have your State of Varmount— But what of all of that? Te sure the girls are pretty, Tho cattle vory fat. But who among her mountains In clouds and would stay, a prairie | been open to all at government rates, However, | the settlers found by far the best region then | known for growing wheat, which was the | | duga to Lake | } Massachusotto But now she's alway t tion or m Shy conte you pocks of trouble, ‘Yot devil a peck ean pay ; While all fy seri Tn Mich I were a little over four acres of cultivated land to each | manned by careful and capable men; @ bureau that | Within the next | 589,051, an increase of more than seventy-three per | They brought New England energy | | rose, a8 every census proved. And there's your tand of Blue Laws, Where deacons cut your hale, For fear your logks and tenets Should not exactly square; Where beer that works on A penalty must pay, waile all is free and easy In Mich-i-gan chigan fever was upomNew 3), 636 What the effect of the York is shown im the census returns, white residents in Michigan in 1830, the mumber rose in 1840—a gain of nearly 600 per cent; from 1840 to 1850 the gain was 186,887—nearly Ley pet By the census of 1860 we find that Michigan had sent to other States ouly 35,195, aud had received from other States 303,582 iuhabitants, Uf those from other States, 191,128 were from New York alone, 18,779 from Vermont, 24,327 from other Eastern States, net oa ster, 1870, there were in Michigan 231,002 435 colored and nine Indians born New York. ' Besides this Michigan emigration, other West- orn States took largely from New York. {n 1870 there were found in the Union 4,061,348. persons born im New York, Of those, 2,987,776 only, or less than three-fourths, resided in the State, To other mares? A the Uniou New York had sent of her children the Sale lowing numbers :— NEW YORK BORN. Lwing In Living In Alabama. . Arkansas . California, Connecti Orege Delaware Pennsylvai Florida . Rhode Island... &} South Carolina . ‘Yennesssee, a Texas .... 287 Vermont ... nit Virginia. . 4,908 | Kentueky West Virgin! 1; Louisiana, Wiseonsin 105,098 Maine 48h Maryland, 4778 Massachusetts . 1,278 Michigan . Dis, of Columbia, 4,607 Minnesota Idaho. ..... 804 Mississipp! Montana . 1,683 Missouri New Mexi 415 Utah,..,. 2,287 265 Washington. . 1,007 Wyoming .. 988 tal natives of New York .........seeeee + 4,001, 348 —Equal to twelve and one-third per cent of all the na tive born in the Union. To show the remarkable character of the Michi emigration, we quote from journals of the day. Register, Jane 18, 1831, says:— » “here is a mighty emigration to. this Territory this season, The stvamboats und all other water craft om the Jake (Erie) are filled with men, women and chil- dren, beds, cradles, kettles and frying pans. Sever stoamboats landed at Detroit in one day with 2,610 eml- grants.” A paper of June 6, 1835, gays:—"Eighty thou. and western-bound emigrants ‘left Buffalo by water last season, Emigrants are pouring into Michigan al an unprecedented rate.” The Erte (Pa) 18 August, 1835, said:—"No one who does not witness if can have any idea of the immense and interminable throng of people who are wending their way by the route of Lake Erie to the West. Steamboats and schooners ure constantly crowded, and the estimate ia ‘that more than 200,000 settlers will go West during the present season, The number who move by land is without precedent”? But one thing prevented the depopulation of West- ern New York, and that was the Erie Canal, The facilities afforded for getting grain to market induced cooler heads to remain, and so, in spite of the Western drain, the wheat growing region slowly in- creased in population, PROGRESS OP THE STATE, Despite this vast drain the Empire State held her place us No.1 in rank, Emigration from abroad assisted natural increase, and the population steadily The population and rates of increase were :-— POPULATION AND INORBASE, Per Cent Year, Number, Increase, __Inerease, 1790, 840,120 - = Hing 924 ¢ ry 1,614,458 811,046 23.92 1,913,131 298,673 18.50 5 261,386 13.66 254, 1.70 176,574 1.23 492,599 Ff 368,818 414,523 oe 48, 650,982 ote 440,239 10, cLINTON’s “mG DrTcH.”? As we have said, the Erie Canal, to which our est New York statesman, De Witt Clinton, devoted life and made his proudest monument, checked or rather retarded the Western rush in countios through which the “big ditch”? wound its tortuous way, were rapidly developed, notwithstanding the crude and laborious methods ‘of agriculture in those days, When the firing of a line of cannon, placed within hearimg distance of each other along the line from Butlalo to Albany, in the stimmer of 1826, announced the completion of the canal, the echoes also assured the pre-eminence of New York'city as the commercial metropolis of the Conti- nent. It would require too much space to detail the effect of the canal upon the general ow | apd commercialsortangs of the State, . For nearly a century it has annually poured into the city ite millions and millions of tons of grain and other produce, Siling the empty garners of England, and on more than one occasion Supplying the starving mouths of unfortunate Ireland, Of Jute years the grand old canal has assumed three or four times its original proportions, and steam now works its fleets instead of slow, plodding horses, Wonderful railways, one with four tracks, along its very border, compete for its business, but it still stands as the most important and valuable work of the State, and is at this moment—not for the first time in its history by any means—the object and centre of political interest, NEW YORK CITY, The police arrested 1,805 persons during the week, Mollie Smith, aged twenty-one years, living at No. 0& Sullivan street, attempted suicide last night by taking Iaudanum. She was attended by Police Surgeon Valker. Harman Hubbingberg, aged thirty-five years, living in Jersey City, while carrying baggage from the steamer Celtic, at pier 52 North River, yesterday, fell and broke his leg, He was taken to Bellevue Hospital. Charles Nangle, alias Benson; Charles Kingsley, John Brower and Laurence Hefner, the young men who were arrested on Saturday for complicity in the robbery of J. W. Bell, tailor, of Fifth avenue, of a large quan- tity of cloth, &ec., were yesterday taken to the Police Court and held to answer in default of $2,006 BROOKLYN. ‘A collection was taken up yesterday in all the Catho- lic churches of ttfe Diocese of Brooklyn, in aid of the seminarics, ‘The Coroner was notified to hold an inquest yesterday over the body of Anthony Rudolph, a German forty-four years old, who dropped dead at his residence in Bush Street, near Clinton, President Ditmus Jewell, of the Fire Department of the town of New Lots, fell into the cellar ofa building ata fire on Saturday night and broke his left arm. He ‘was removed to his home, on Henry street, near avenue. A two story frame dwelling house, corner of Madison and Union avenues, was set on fire by some unknowa scoundrel at nine o'clock on Saturday night. It was completly destroyed. The house was and unfurnished. The loss is about $1,500. Alexander Hock, a German, engaged in business as « broker, was arrested on complaint of Herman Sticht, residing at No. 403 De Kalb aveuue, on charge of Ee ing a false check, drawn on the Sixpenny Savings of New York, for the sum of fifty dollars, STATEN ISLAND. The Richmond County Court for Justices’ Appeale will convene at the Court House in Richmond to- morrow, Judge Metcalfe presiding. ‘The Rov. Mr, Franche, of Brooklyn, who received @ call to take charge of St. John’s Lutheran Church af Port Richmond, will soon enter upon his new LONG ISLAND, Bishop Laughlin, yesterday, at the Catholic churchin Southord, confirmed about eighty children of the com. grogation, Charles 8. Ferguson, a young man employed by Mr. Ballock, station agont for Island Railroad Huntingdon, has run ‘Sarit one * It is proposed to establish a system of fire alarm tele graph in Long Island City immediately, It is estimaved that the work can be done for $6,000, ‘The Babylon clopement scandal has become the sub. ject of a controversy in the local newspapers, the lawyers in the case being the disputant Frederick Blydenburg, a boy residing at Lake Grove, ‘was dangerously shot a few days ago by two other boya, his companions, who fired at a number of quail tha were flying past’ bush, behind which he was hidden. © The Board of Supervisors of Suffolk county have passed @ resolution directing that hereafter every jus tice of the peaco within the county shall pay over te the Supervisor of his tows, within thirty hee go, all fines collected by him, to be used for the scnport, the | Fines coflectod by the Sheriff are to be paid in ike manner in the town where tmposed. Tho Laurel Hill ejectment suits, as they have been known—Ann Maria Partridge against a majority of the landholders at Laurel Hill, town of Newtown—have just deen disposed of in the Quoens County Supreme before Judge Pratt, The plainuf claimed Gulewet property in dispute by virtue of am old w: bs it i akperoer ds a few yoars ago by some of fo ably ends the attompt nr propery holders,