The New York Herald Newspaper, September 29, 1875, Page 15

SUBTERRANEAN RIVER, Remarkable Geological Discovery at Garden City, L, L PECULIARITIES OF THE PLACE. A Record of Two Centuries Ex- humed and Verified. Some very interesting and really sarprising discover- Ses bave been made recently concerning the pecullari- tles of the region on Long Island, known as Hemptoad Plains, Those who are at all well informed concern- ing the leyol Janda of Long Island, know that, aside from their varying soil and sand, tho source of their always plentiful water supply has been involved in mystery, some claiming that the wator found was simply a leaching from the surrounding sea, and others that, as elsewhere cominon, it came from Springs having their source like other springs in other lands, But, even the .best informed remained unsatis- fled and inquisitive in regard to it, and even dis- Unguiehed geologists folt thata full and satisfactory explanation of the conditions known to exist was beyond their power. This mystery, it may here be said, grow untila demand for its explanation was com- mon among geologists at home and abroad from the time when General John A. Dix mado known tho fact that even the seemingly unfruitful sands of the levels far to the eastward of Hempstead Plaing, showed, under the most careful avalysis made by distinguished agricultural chemists, precisely the same ingredients aud in the same proportions as the black and wonderfully fertile soil of the Western prai- ries, In these researches the now venerable Dr. Peck, of Brooklyn, has spent many years of his life, whilo, at the samo time, giving such attention as he could to the curious fact that the points at which pure, cold, soem- ingly spring water was found, seomed to be all on nearly the samo level, and the water nearly all of the same roally remarkable purity. In passing from the east to tho west (on its southern border this peculiarity 43 most clearly discernible), about once in @ milo, or more frequently, as you proceed | west, you come to a manifest depression in tho surfaco, with a considerable elevated embank- | ment on the west. These valleys, if they may be so called, appear to proceed from near tho middle of the plain, constantly growing deeper toward the south; and the conviction has seemed irresistible that they wore forined by a torrent of retiring water, They all run nearly parallel with each other, their uniform course being a little to the west of south; and what is not the least remarkable is, that almost overy one of ‘these valleys is the source of permanent brooks, somo of which proceed from a considerable distance up the plain, and farnish numerous mill seats on the south Bide of the island. GEOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES, In acommunication now in progress of preparation for Profeseor J, D, Dana, of Massachusetts, who has bo- como greatly interested in the geological peculiarities of the region of Hempstead Piains, Mr, W. R, Hinsdale, Superimtendent in charge, of the improvements now in course of completion at Garden City, say In reference to the water supply in the vicinity of the May knoll, near Bothpage, concerning which you havo made inqatry, I am quite certain that it is carried by the substratum of clay. #urfaco, and many ponds, of from one to two or thre acres in area, are to be found along the higher points the surrounding country, furnishing a supply for numerous springs lower down the valley, many of Which are short lived when the droughts of summer come. ‘This, however, should be expecied, as the clay reservoirs have very little area of watershed to keep thom replenished, aud evaporation carries off the ordi- nary summer rathfall. The clay beds of Long Island aro not usually of any | by sandy ridges and | ls, of, rather, tho clay deposits scem to have been | ore extent, but are broken w p imade in the dopressions along the higher Sand. hills, At Bethpage, where you visited tho well connected with knoll near the brick house, the knoll scomed to be capped with a hard, ochrey clay, mixed to some extent with coarse gravel.’ After passing throngh about eighteen fect of such material sand was reached, and continued the whole depth. At the clay pit, near where the pump now stands, an excavation was made, about eight feot square, cutting through the clay at ten foot below the present botton of the pit, where beach sand was found to underlie tho clay at that dopth. As I have intimated, is very irregular, being dependent height of the clay beds or basins which aro sometimes -pushed upon the sand hills of wformor sea beach, ranging from thirty to ninety fect above the generic level, Boulder clay and beds three or four feet deep by as many rods across are ofte found in our oxcavations in the gravel of Hempstead Plaine, but here we have no difficulty in determining Deforehand the precise depth to which we have to go for water, and we ulways flod an abundant supply. ufficent might be had With suitable excavations to ish New York and Brooklyn. Taking tho line of tho Central Railroad at Garden City, which is within three-quarters of a mile to the north of Hompstead vil- lage, we found water at twenty-five {cet below the surface, ‘At that dopth the gravel ig perfectly saiurated, and if you take out a quantity yoa find the spact filled up in- stantly with water, and you may continue drawing from it without lessen!ng the supply; nor do you lower the surface level of the water by removing still more of the gravel from the bottom. Yomoving gravel from a river of water, ally true, This ts A SURET OF WATER PLOWING SOUTHWARD CONTINUALLY, With a descent of eight feet to the mile, [ts motion is rotardod, to be sure, by the gravel; but it is neverthe- less moving and as unceasing as the flow of the Hud- gon‘or of the Mississippi rivers. Just to the westward of Garden City there runs @ valloy, trom north to south, across the plains. It is bridged by the railroad,’ fourtcen fect above the valley. We have excavated eleven feet in the yalloy Bnd found our river flowing southward. | Throe milos 10 the eastward of Garden City a mech deeper alloy has the height of the springs upon the This is liter- Been formed ut of the gravel from the north to tho | south, througii the bottom of which runs a brook clear as crystal. In this cage the surfce has only been cut enough to expose so much of our river or sheet of water ag is needed. The same thing might be done Artificially at apy other point. I have taken the level of this brook, and find it to correspond with the water Jo our wells and also with that in tho valley to the westward. Wo have observed that in the dryest seagon there is not the slightest diminution of the yolume of water at “Meadow Brook,” as wo call !t, and the oldost inhablt- Ant makes declaration that it has always been so in his time. We have tested tho depth of this water to ten feet only. I cannot, therefore, give reliable jnforma- tion of beyond that depth at prexent, but intend to make experiments deeper svon, ‘The surface of the ground at Garden City is ninety-five feet above the tide level, with an Inclination north to south of fifteen feet per mile. It is beloved that the clay of which I have written has been deposited by in filtration, SOURCE OF THE WATER, From the above important communication it will be seen that tho source of the ever-abundant water supply is really more surprising than any of the other pec! Narities of the island which has for so many years excited the minds of observing men from all portions Qf the globe, And the samo is true of the water sup- “ply in all the longth of the Barrens, In order that the reader may have @ knowledge of the peculiarities of ‘this remarkably strange locality, even more than two centurios ago, the reporter has obtained from Dr, Peck the use of an ancient pamphlet which the Doctor has had carefully bound, copies of which aro now and haye been long exceedingly rare, Its declarations concerning the conditions, socially nd otherwise, of New York, formerly New Nether- ands, ace prescnted uniquoly, and extracts from 1 will be read with interest by all having curiosity concern ing the lives and times of the men of the -past im this region, and the uses they made of Hempstead Plains, the locality of the Garden City of to-day, CROP BEARING. Of the now long past of these same plains there is"in “Denton’s Description of New York, Formerly New Notherlands,”” published so long ago as in 1670, a num- bor of interesting facts, which are valuable for tho reason that they show that tho Hempstead Plains wero crop bearing more than 200 years before Mr. Stewart set himself and bis means to the work of restoring thom to usefulness, An extract reads as follows :— Toward the middle of Long-Island lyoth a plain six- teen miles long and four broad, upon which plain grows very fino grass that makes exceedingly yood hay and ts @ very good pasture for sheep and other cattel, where ‘ou Shall find neither slick nor stone to hinder the orses’ liéels or endanger them in their races; and once @ year the best borses in tho island are brought hither to try their swiftness, and the swiftest rewarded with A silver cup, two being Annually procured for that pur- 080. Boot a mile square, which are no small benefit to those towns which onjoy them. ‘The races referred to by the ancient authority quoted ‘were continued from oven before the yoar 1670 without Soterruption wntii tho time of the Revolution; avd in the year 1776 theso plains were celebrated for their | pmorse races throughout all the North American yolo- Itis held frequently near tho | ‘ou are, in fact, simply | ‘There are two or thred other small plans, of NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, .1875—QUADRUPLE SHEET. Se mies and even In Kngland. This race course was known as tho REWMARERT COURSE, after the celebrated one of that namo in England, and tinued to be used through the Revolution and for a ap period subsequently, The Revolutionary contest, which caused so much misery and distress throughout the country generally, som to have made that portion of Long Island known as the Hempstead Plains, which was within the control of the British force, a scene of almost continued amusement. They thon had oditrot of Now York, Kings, Queens and about one-half of Suf- folk counties, There were two British regiments in Brooklyn during the war, and several companies and parts of regiments posted in the different towns through the fafand, and tive wagon train and Dlacksmith and armory department of the British army were located im Brooklyn, These cirveumstances, together with the largo garrison In the elty of New York, caused Long Island to be much resorted to by the officers and fash- ionables of the day for sporting. The Royal Gazette of August 8, 1781, printed in Now York, contains tho fol- lowing curious advertisement reluting to the sports and amusements of that day:— PEO BONO PUBLICO, Gentlemen that are fond of fox hunting are requested to meet at Loosley’s Tavern, on Ascot Heath, on Friday morning next, between the hours of five and six, as a pack of hounds will be there purposely for a trial of their abilities, Breakfasting ae relishes until the races commence. At eleven o'clock will be run for an elegant saddle, &c., value at least £20, for which upward of twelve gentlemen will ride their own horses, At twelve a match will be rode by two gentlemen, horse for horse. At one a match for thirty guineas, by two gentlemen, who will ride their own horses. Dinver will bo ready at two o'clock; after which, and suitable | regulements, racing and other diversion’ will bo cal- culated to couclude the day with pleasure and harmony, BRooKiyN Haut, Auguat 6, 1781, FORMER OPINIONS, From the first settlement of the country until about the time when Cobbett, of England, improved a por- tion of the borders of Hempstead Plains, of which he | subseqnently wrote a book, it waa universally believed | that this large tract of land could never be cultivated; that if turned up by the plough it was so porous that the water would run through it at once and leayo tho | vegetation on tho surface to perish from drought; that nothing would grow upon it except the coarse grass, which, in Jater yeors, seemed a native of that region. This belief continued, it seems, even without an at- tempt to test its accuracy by experiment until Cob- bett’s time, Afterward, when some of the adjacent farmers were in neod of more Innd than they possessed, they gradually took in small portions which | Iny nearest to their lands, and submitted them to a course of cultivation, To their surprise it not only answered for grass but for grain, and would also support a growth of treos if they were only introduced upon it, This discovery led to the taking | In and enclosing of whole farms, the people regarding it as a kind of wasto land in which no one had so good a title as he who took possession and cultivated it, This opened the eyes of the good people of Hempstead to the fact that their great plains, which were before esteomed of no yalue except to graso afew cattle on and | feed half wild turkeys, were truty vatuable as farms, and they subsequently took measufes to preserve their common rights in what remained of tho great tract, Those rights, it will be remembered, Mr. Stewart found great trouble in securing, even though the people adjoining made no use of their common claim other than to put their cows upon the plains occasionally to feed upon the uncultivated grass which they continued to produce. But, while the peoplo | generally wero #0 strong In their belief that theso lands were worthless, a writer, long ago, in roferenco to thom said with more of the power to prophesy upon him than he may bave believed :— And the time is probably not vory far distant when tho travoller will ask with surprise What has become of this extensive region of barren land, which was so long considered one of tho wonders of the North Amort- can Continent, and will scarcely believe that his eye is traversing the same oxtont whon it is directed to those | highly cultivated fields and beautiful grass meadows which will oceupy its site, Hempstead Plains have been considered a great nat- | ural curlosity from the first discovery of Long Island. | To look over such a great extent of land (as could be done until Garden City was built) without observing a sensible elevation in any part to relieve the eye untiy the horizou meets the level appears like looking over the ocean, In tho summer the rarefaction of the air over so large a surface exposed to the sun’s hot rays | occasioned the phenomenon of “looming,” as scen in | harbors near the soa, Thero has scarcely a traveller of any note visited this part of North America who does | not mention theso plains and regard them worthy of | description. The Rey. A. Burnaby, who travelled | through the middle colonies in 1759, visited them in July of that year, He describes thom as betweon twenty and thirty miles long and four or five miles broad, and says ‘there was NOT A TREX | then growing upon them, And it is assorted that | here never was any."’ That thero should never | have been any trees upon this large tract of land untiy Mr. Stewart placed them there may appear strange, but | itis not asolitary instance of such want even upon | Long Island. ‘The Shinnecock Hills, near Southamp- | ton, have never had atree upon them from the first | discovery of the island to this day, although tho sur- | rounding country is well wooded. ‘The same old authority speaks elsewhere in his ac- count of his travels of the great interest manifested by the inhabitants of New York at that period, now far more than a century ago, in reference to these plains, | He enys that “strangers are always carried to seo this | place as a great curiosity, and the only one of the kind | in North America.” The last remark was believed to be true at the time it was mado; but it must be remem- bered that tho quotation Is made from a work which | was published before the vast prairies of the West were | known to other than a few adventurous Indian traders, | Phe “North American Gazetteer,” London, 1776, after mentioning these plains much in the same ‘manner as | the traveller above named, says of the whole region that “it hag neither stick nor stone upon it.’’ This was literaily trac; for the only stones found In tho | tract are coarse, sea-washed gravel, having very much | the appearance as if it had once been the bed of a largo lake or a shallow bay, jutting up from the ocean, So | i | | entirely free of stone Is the country about the plains | for a number of miles that tho inhabitants were for a long time obliged to resort to | | the ridgo of hills running through the centro of | the island, and known as its “backbono,” for their | building stone. Now, however, brick for buildings Is made from the clay pits which have beon found on the plains; and now, as the discoveries recorded above show, | there necd be no fear of drought on tho plains, in | Garden City, or even on the miles of barrens beyond, It is now proved that what was supposed to bo the great luck in striking «spring for water heretofore, | need not be trusted In again, for anywhero, all along | the miles of plains, they havo only to go down to the gravel lino to find a vast sheet of pure water, flowing southward, and that continually, A MAJOR GENERAL'S POVERTY. The Cincinnati Jnguirer sa —Last evening 4 | tall, haggard and ragged-looking individual found | his way into the Cumminsville station house and into a cell for safo keoping. Ho had all tho marks of dissipation about him—bloodshot eyes, in flamed skin and braised face. Ho had what was stilt worse and still more convincing—a violent attack of that terrible mau-killer disease, delirium tremens, Hg | claimed to bo homeless, friendless and moneyless, and | to have walkout all the way from Indianapolis, He eaid | he was Major Genoral William H. Wheeler, of the late | Confederate Army, on his way to his old home and | birthplace in Culpepper Court House, Va,, where he wanted to die, Genoral Wheeler will be remembered as a dashing off- cer who Ogured so brilliantly during the war in the cav- alry service. | The story of this poor tramp, claiming to be this famous General, is a vad one If true, and an in- teresting one, any way. He says he is sixty-two yéars old, that ho graduated at West Point in the class of '32; that while commanding at the battle of Shilob his son was shot and killed; that in less than two weeks after intelligence caine of the death of his wife, then the es- capo of all his slayee—numberipy nearly twonty—and Instly, his Virginia farms taat he had ‘signed over to his brother to escapo confiscation, bad been seized or sold by that brothor’s creditors, leaving him a pauper. ‘At the glose of tho war he alloges he drifted from one place to another, Avally bringing up in Mississippi, where, until a few | yecks sinco, he bas lived, He journeyed up the river ' to Evansville two weeks ago, landed there and went to Terve Haute, whero ho expected to finda couple of nephews; was disappointed; went to Indianapolis, and | from Shere tramped to this city. | He claims that his mothor was & sister of Governor | Trimbtors wife; that his only sister is Mrs. Colonel Martin, of Hamilton, Ohio, aud that his only surviving child is a murried Indy living in Baltimore, His whole story is very straightforward, aud in his conversation he botrays ad intelligence and familiarity with public | men and thing’ which one would scarcely look for in | an ordinary tremp. Whiskey ms at last to have | wrocked him, and it will probably bo his fate to spend lospital, where ho will | his last days ‘in the Cincinnati ha taken to-day, AN EXTRADIT'ON QUESIION. Why Lawrence Is Not Tried on the Charge of Smuggling. WILL ENGLAND INTERFERE? Interesting Correspondence in the Case. Tho active friends of the alleged smuggler, Lawrence aro interposing an ingenious defence against his further prosecution by tho government. They claim that in April last a cable despatch, emanating from tho Department of State at Washington, was sent to Rug- land invoking tho friondly offices of Great Britain to arrest and detain one Charles L. Lawrence, a passen- ger by the steainship Caspian, chargod with tho crime of forgery. Acting upon this request, the polico au- thorities took Lawrenco into custody at Queenstown, brought him to London, where, after a confinement of several weeks, hearing was obtained before Sir Thomas Henry, the Chief Magistrate, at Bow street, and the defendant, offering no opposition beyond a protest by counsel, was held for extradition for the ertno of forgory, of which ho was alono accused. He arrived In this city subsequently, in custody of Spoctal Doputy Marshal Mooney, and was lodged in Ludlow Street Jail, Immediately thereafter Mr. Stoughton, his counsel, visited tho District Attorney's office, secking information as to the warrant upon which Lawrence was extradited, when he was informed by Mr. Bliss that. he knew of no extradition warrant in tho premisos; that he had found him in New York and had arrosted him upon indictments for con- spiracy to defraud the government, upon which indict- ments he proposed to bring him to trial. A visit to the Deputy Marshal who brought him over to this country was attended with like unsatisfactory result; so Mr. Stoughton at once proceeded to Washington, laying the case before tho President, and calling his attention to the statute of the United States of March, 1869, which provides ‘that it shall be the duty of the President to take all necessary measures for the transportation and safe keeping of an oxtradited prisoner and for his secu- rity against lawless violence, until the final conclusion of his trial for the crtnes and offences specified In the warrant of extradition, and until his final discharge from custody or imprisonment for or on account of such crimes or offences, and for a reasonablo time thoreaftor; and for such safe keoping and protection the Prosident may employ tho land and naval forces of the United States,” GOVERNMENT ORDERS, The President immediately issued orders directing District Attorney Bliss to defer any proceedings against the prisonor, excopt upon tho charges for which he was extradited, until such time as the opinion of the At- torney General could be received as to the rights of the govornment in the premisos. Attorney General Pierre- pont, through motives of delicacy, having once acted as counsel for Mr. Lawrence, referred the whole matter to Mr. Phillips, the Solicitor Goneral, who as yet has failed to render his report. It is understood, however, from high authority that this official will decide that there is no clause in our treaty with Great Britain which pre- vents the accusod from being tried for offences othor than that upon which he was extradited, and further that tho accused has no standing in remonstrating against such treatment, the British government alone having tho right of complaint. It seems by the following correspondence that measures have been taken in England by the well known solicitors Lewis & Lewis from which it will be seen that the British governmont has been induced to cause the proper inquiries to bo made, and will prob- ably protest against any such breach of fatth on the part of our government, as it appears Lawrence’ was surrendered not only in accordance with treaty stipula- tions, but, as will be seen by the correspondence, upon the implied understanding that he was to be tried only for the offence with which he was charged in England, THE CORRBSPONDENCE, No. 10 Exy Puack, Hoxnorx, Lowpoy, July 19, 1875, Sm—On the 30th of April last you signed a warrant for the eXtradition of Charlos Lewis Lawrence, late of New York, accused of the crime of forging and uttorin a certain bond and aflidavit within the jurisdiction of the United States of America, that he should be re- ceived into tho custody of Police Sergeant Shaw and by him conveyed within tho jurisdiction of the said United States of America, and there placed in custody of any person appointed by tho said jurisdiction, of which warrant you were good enough to furnish us with a certified ee By the third section of the Extradition act, 1870, it is enacted that among the restrictions that should be ob- served with respect to the surrender of fugitive crimi- pals— A fugitive erimtnal shall aot, be, surrondered to a foreign Stute unless provision is made by the law of that State, or by arraugement, that the fugitive eriminal shall not, until hi las boon restored or had an opportunity of returning to Her Majosty’s dominions, be detained or tried in that foreign State for any offence committed prior to his surrender, other than the extradition crime proved by the facts on which the surrender is grounded. Inasmuch as the laws of the United States does not contain such provision and no ‘arrangement” appears to have been mado as required by law, We assume that the extradition was granted subject to the provisions of the treaty of 1870. If this be so, the “atrangement” roquired by such treaty will have been made by impli- cation, fay we ask your early answer to this letter? We have the honor to be, yours obediently, LEWIS k LEWIS. To tux Right Honorasee tHe SxcrKTary oF State ror tHk Home DerartMent. [42,220.] Wairenars, July 27, 1875, GxyruxeN—I am directed by the Secretary’ of State to acknowledge the recoipt of your letter of the 19th inst., and to acquaint you, in reply, that Charles Lowis Lawrence was surrendered, in pursuance of the Ex- tradition treaty with the United States and in accord- ance with the provisions of the Extradition act of 1870, Iam, gontlemon, your obedient sorvant, A. F. 0. LIDDELL. Messrs, Lewis & Lewis, No. 10 Ely place, Holborn, [No. 42,220. } No, 10 Ey Puace, Lospos, E. C., July 29, 1875. Sim—We have tho honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 27th inst., in which yon state that Charles Lewis Lawrence was surrendered in accordance with the provisions of the treaty and Extradition of 1870. You will observe that, probably through in- advertence, you haye not replied to that portion of our letter in which we drew your attention to the fact that it is required by the third section of the above act that no fugitive criminal shall be surrendered to a foreign State, unless provision is made by the law of that State or by arrangomont that the fugitive criminal ‘shall not, until he has been resto od, or had an opportunity of returning to Her Majesty's dominion, be detained or tried in that foreign State for any offence committed prior to his surrender other than the extradition crime proved by the facts on which the surrender is grounded, ”? F Thai ich as it would be a dereliction of duty for the accused to have been surrendered to the American gov- ernment, except in strict accordange with the act, we dosire oxplicitly to know, inasmuch as no formal ar- rangement was inade, and no provision is made by the law of the United Statos, whether the arrangement ro- quired by the act was made by implication arising out of the surrender of the accuse: If it were made by such implication, and you will bo good enongh to say so, wo, as solicitors for Mr. Law- renee, shall be satisfied that the law has been complied but, if otherwise, Mr. Lawronce will be placed in such a position that by any breach of faith on the part of the Amoricau government he can be tried for crimes other than those for which he was extradited. would place the Home Offlco in a difficulty far bey be fuego personal quéstion between Mr, Lawrence and tho authorities fragt him, Tnasmuch as ten days elapsed before a reply was sent to our last letter, may we ask prompt attention to it, as tho subject is of a pressing nature, i truly, LEW! JEW) To tay Pucar Honorase Secrerary or Strate ror THe Home Derartasyt, (42,220—Lmmediate.] Wit retaLt, August 4, 1875, Gextiewey—In reply to your letter of the 20th ult., respecting the surrender to the United States govern: ment of Charles Lewis Lawrence, [am directed by Mr, Secretary Cross to acquaint ton that this man was delivered to the Amorican authorities upon tho implied understanding that he would only be tried for the ex- tradition crime of which he was accused in this coun- try; and considering that the American law by act of Congress, of August 12, 1842, chapter 147, soction 3, only enables tho Secretary of State in the United States to deliver up oxtradition prisoners to be tried for the crime of which such person has been accused in the United States, Mr, Cross cannot assumo that the Ameri- can govornment would ever think of acting so contrary to their own law, and to the genoral laws of extradition in all countries, as to try an extradition prisoner for any other crime than the extradition crime of which he has been accused in the country which delivered him up, Tam, gentiemon, your obedient servant, te dents, Lewis & Lewis, A. P.O, et No. 10 Ely place, Holborn, i, C. ‘The following is a copy of tho act’ of Congress ro- ferred to by the English Secretary of State in his lotter of the 4th of August:— Sxertow 5,272 United States Revised Statutos.—It shall bo lawful for the Secretary of State, undor bis hand and seal of office, to order the person so committed to be delivered to such person as shali be authorized, in the name and on be- half of such foreign government, to be tried for tho crime of which such person be agoused. aod sue person shail be delivered ap scoordingly nd it shall be lawful for the — so authorized to bold such nerge 0 Spouses in cus- y and to take him to the territory of such foreign govern ment parsuant to ench treaty. [42,220—Immediate. Way ugugt 20, 1875 GextLewmy—I am directed by Mf. Secretar; 088 to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of tho 18th inat., and in te hog pint out to you that you do mot give ey, partic howing that Charles Lowis Lawreyce is aout to be tried for any crime different from the one for which bo was givon undor the oxtradition war- n rant, 4 If such particulars are forwarded to this department, Sate gross should Qud, after reforonce to Mr. a who conducted the case for the prosecution be- ro the chief magistrate at Bow street, thet the offonce for which Lawrence is going to be tried in the United Btates is not tho one with which he wus cbarged in this country, be will then consider what steps should be taken in the mattor; but he cannot, upon the mero as- sortion of the prisoner's adviser, assume that the United States goverumont would act in this case ina manner different from that which their own law requires whon a prisoner ts given up in the United States under an Ex- tradition treaty, and contrary also to the common prac- tice of all other countries, { am, gontlemon, your obe- dient servant, ALF. 0, LIDDELL. Messrs, Lewis & Lewis; No. 10 Bly place, Holborn, [42,220—Pressing, ] Wurrkvans, Angust 25, 1875, GexTLEMuN—~With reference to your lotter of the 23d case of Charlos Lewis Lawrence, [am directed by Mr. Secretary Cross to inform you that copies of these letters have been forwarded to tho Foreign Oillce with a view to inquiries being mado without delay as to the intentions of the United States government with regard to the trial of this ma Tam, gonemen, your obe- dient servant, A. F. 0, LIDDELL. Messrs, Lewes & Lewis, 10 Ely place, Holtorn, £. ©. LAWRUNCH READY FOR TRIAL, In the meantime Lawrence has remainod in Ludlow Street Jail, where he is yet confined, the District At- torney retosing to entertain any question of bail, In response to a recent inquiry as to when and upon what charges he proposed to try Lawrence, Mr, Bliss said that the matter was now a State question and out of Dis hands, Tua conversation with a Hxratp reporter rocontly Lawrence complained of the deta of his presont position, his offence being a bailabie one, and ono for which he bas always been prepared to furnish responsible sureties. He denies any complicit: whatever in tho alleged sthnggling operatious of Gray. stand his trial for the offence of forgery, for which reason ho has offered no muterial opposition to his ex- tradition, Although importuned on all sides by pre- sumod agents of the prosecution and others to divulgo what he knows about tho secret workings of the Custom as having full knowledgo, Lawrence simply: tenders a general denial, and says tbat if, in his capacity of Cus- tom House broker, ho has been made a catspaw of it has certainly been without bis knowledge or consen| and that tbe bonds which heis charged as having forge: otber porsouw’ names to are regular and in every way lawfal, CUBA LIBRE. WHAT THE STHAM YACHT URUGUAY LANDED IN; CUBA. Official advices to hand trom the steam yacht Uruguay, late Octavia, while at Aspinwall on tho 13th inst,, received at the Cuban agency in this city, con- firm the report of the landing at Bayatiguiri of the subjoined invoice of arms, ammunition and other military supplies:—480 boxes, with 1,090 Remington cartridges; 1,000 Remington rifles for infantry and 150 do, do. for cavalry; a lot of leather straps; 8 sets rank and 86 do. file of shoulder straps; 2 boxes percussion caps; 64 Lafoucho revolvers; 240 boxes powder; 15 do, field fixed aminunition for ridges; 8 do, powder packages; 1 do blankets; 14 pair pants; 2 pieces ordinary cloth, and 2 rifled cannons, twelve-pounders, The foregoing comprise all that has been thus far landed by the brave Captain Sommers from the swift Octavia up to last dates to hand. It is positively assorted that the invoice of arms and ammunition by the schooner Baura Pride, lost at Port an Princo by the procecdings of the Spanish Consul and the cominander of the Spanish gun- | boat Churruca, bas ere this been replaced with a similar one at some other convenient point, but at present nameless. Nows has been received by the Cubans here that | Enriqne Canales, one of the Virginius expeditionists, and who went out on the Uruguay, had to be left at Aspinwall, suffering from ill health, SPAIN’S ATTEMPT TO BULLY GUATEMALA ON THE CUBAN | QUESTION, With roference to the treatment of Guatemala by Spain, on the subject of the Republic of Cuba and to which a brief allusion was made in yesterday's Herat, the following additional particulars have since come to hand. The communication is dated 6th of September, Commodore Butler, of the Spanish navy, arrived a few days einco at the capital of this Repab ic, and sent to the government a note stating that he was a special commissioner from General Valmaseda, commanding in Cuba, in which, reforring to some telegrams received by the latter from the Madrid government, he was authorized to ask of this government whether tho late decree issued acknowledging the independence of the Republic of Cuba, implied a declaration of open hostility to Spain, and demanding its revocation, &c., &c. The Secretary of Foreign Relations replied to the foregoing note in very courteous but firm terms, to the | effect that the government of Guatmeala did not feel disposed to reconsider its action regarding said decree, much less the revocation of any part thereof, ana denied tho authority of Goncral Valinaseda to mako such a demand upon the sovereign and free government of Guatemala, Nevertheless, desiring to prove to Spain that its action in relation thereto did not imply open hostility to that government, Guatemala would agree to appoint a spceial commissioner to proceed to Madrid at once to afford to that government all pertinent ex- lanations regarding its sovereign act bearing upon the Republic of Cuba. Commodore Butler appeared satis- fled and thereupon withdrew, bearing said solution to General Valmaseda, Lond ahd great popular indigna- tion was created by this unwarrantable act of arrogance ‘on tho part of Spain. ILNESS OF GENERAL QUESADA. Advices from Paris, received In this city, having dato of August 24, represent that the ex.commander-in- chief of the Cuban Revolutionary Army, General Manuel de Quesada, who sent tho Virginius to Cuba, was suffering from consumption, and that his physi- cians had Sy age a sojoarn at Nice, for which place he had le! WINTERMUTE'S TRIAL. THE MURDERER OF GENERAL E. 8 M'COOK SAID TO HAVE BEEN ACQUITTED BY A BRIBED JURY. An oxchange says that In Dakota, time, which lovels all things, and in the United States quickly covers up the tracks of crime, may, to a certain extent, have allayed the just indignation folt by tho people at the shooting of Colonel McCook by Peter B, Wintermute, at Yankton, in the fall of 1873, Tho details of this atrocity are suffictently fresh in the public mind to create surprise, if not amazement, at the verdict of ‘not guilty” found by the jury which tried the accused at Vermilion, D, T. When a prisoner is acquitted the law’ is presumed to have done its duty, and the prisoner is permitted to walk forth a free man, to hold up his head as a persecuted citizen, and to take his place among his fellows as if nothing had happened. But such a verdict as this, 30 glaringly 1n opposition to the acknowledged fucts in ‘the case, 80 totally subversive of justice, so demoralizin, in ita tendency and dangerous in its precedent, cannol be passed by without word of comment, — It ‘will be tn Yankton upon the occasion of a social and politcal gathering, Bad blood had existed botween the men, In asaing dow by Wintermate, whieh wore afterward repeated when McCook and’ his friends were drinking at the bar, McCook was a powerful maa, and some say a good-natured, jovial fellow, ‘although a bit of bully, It did not appear that he showed fight until taunted by his sary, when he ‘made for hit,” qnd_ there inen administerod to him a food, sound thrashing, The next scene the tragedy took place during the sitting of Governor and members of tho lature, Wintermute posted himself so as to com- mand the door of entrance, having previously an nounced Mis intention of shooting tho Colonel at sight. Ag McCook entered Wintermute fired, but without effect. MoCook then grappled with him, pulling Winter- mute over upon the stove, when the latter managed to window, with the view of throwing him out upon it looks at first sight as a very strange interpretation of the law, Upon the very mildest view of tho subject it was © accused to have had sufficient provocation, his adver: sary 10 have been armed and the circumstatices to have justified the shooting, But the verdict is “not guilty; not guiliy of deliverate murder, of culpable homicide, of doing anything but what a Chrlstian man with clean hands would have been perfectly justified in doing, and for which he would have rocolved the approval ot his own conscience. The simoplo result of auch a verdict is to justify any man in bringing on a fight, and, when he geis the worst of it, of taking the life of his atversary in cold blood, P, B. Wintormute, who killed General B, 8, MeCook and who was acquitted of this charge by an alleged bribed jury at Vermilion on Saturday, came back to Yagkton to enjoy lus (claimed) purchased liberty, and stopped at the Morchants’ Hotel at the invitatio of the proprietor. Many of tho gueats of the how left the dintug room when he entered. During the evening a crowd of people gatherod in the office of the Morchants’ and grew so nolay and outspoken in their demonstrations against Wintermute that ho became | frightened and hid in the hotel laundry all night, whore he was guarded by three officers. In the morning he took tho early train and got out of town, going east- ward, Itis probablo that Chicago will soon be hon- ored with his presence, ins}, and previous correspondence with regard to the | y and the bardships | and others, and expresses the utmost willingness to | House, with which the nowspapers have charged him | artillery, and 2 do cannon primers; 1 do, revolver cart- | jaremembered that Colonel McCook and Wintermute met | n stairs some Irritating remarks were mado | adver- | command his pistol and fire, wounding his adversary | to the death. McCook tried to force his assailant to the | the street, when he sank from loss of blood, and very’ soon expired. Theso wore the gen: | eral facts in the case as reported at the timo, and although -up to this point wo have no | means of knowing the reasohs which led this jury to pronounce a verdict of “not gallty,” tainly a case of manslaughter, presuming the | SPARKLERS, The YTrade in Personal Adornments. How “Brummagem” is Mannfactured to the Detriment of the Genuine Article, DECREASE IN THE JEWELRY BUSINESS, No trade perhaps so soon feels tho effect of a general dulness in Dastness mattors as that of the manufacture of jewelry, nor docs any remain so completely pros- trated throughout tho continuance of that dopreseion of affairs, The making of personal adornments had gtown through the years of our prosperity to large proportions, and the shutting down of tho establiah- ments where it was formerly manufactured is keenly felt in those ctties and towns whore numbers of skilled artisans depended upon the trade for their sustenance, Skilled workmen commanded very high wages, and, in the floodtie of commercial success, Providence, Attleboro and Newark proepered with the Prospority of the trade, To the smallest place of the three mentioned it was its life blood, one may say, for | nothing else of any consoquonce was carried on there. Young men sought their earliest omploymont at tho | Joweller’s bonch and girls earned fairly remunerative | wages in the lighter branches of the manufacture or In Sorting, carding and packing the jowelry after it was | Gnishod, An artisan possessing taste and skill was in good demand, and even had capital opportunities of obtaining a speedy interest in the frm for which he | worked, for in a market rulod entirely by caprice a new and taking design in earrings, breastpins or sloovo buttons becamo at once the rage, and the introducer of | a successton of such novelties was on the fair road to | fortune. The workmen lived well; the prudent saved money and invested it generally in roal estate, and when the manufacture of jewelry was thriving it would | | have been hard to find in the United States a more | | prosperous cluster of villages than those generally known under the all-embracing title of Attleboro. ‘To-day the | majority of tho jewellers have left it, but the town is | straggling pluckily along, waiting for a revival of trade and a reuewal of its formor activity. Providence and Newark have varied interests, and do not fool tho dopression of this one branch of trade so much, but | yet there are thousands in each city who were depend- ent upon it for their daily bread, and who have been forced to seck other and loss congenial employ- ment. Of the three focalities namod, Newark made the most expensive quality of jewelry, as compared with that manufactured in the other two placos, Provi- | dence the next best and Attleboro the poorest. The | agents of the manufacturers assert that the latter | quality only meets with any sale, and that therefore Attleboro is doing better than hor larger competitors | in the trade, although there is nothing being done to | boast of even thoro, | ‘THE VERY BEST KINDS OF JEWELRY. worn are either imported or matte to order by responsi- | | ble firms in this city, whose workmen are on the prom- isos. The commoner kind exposed in the shops /f less | well known establishments is purchased at the buyer's peril, and too frequently proves a delusion aria snare, | | The honor of tho deater 13 tho only guaranty to which | the purchaser can trust. In England there is a ball mark for goldsmiths’ work, and in France the seller of imitation jewelry ts obliged to plainly placard it so, | ables wero 13 and that there are ao bad debts to diminish the income ‘The scraps of metal remaining after tho phy plate nag npg ego poge foo y amount to about one y third of the material in wales and when a suffic quantity pee ey bee gpd are sc! to the J Oli the ing material, S| worn out brushes, the swee| apd the di from the sinks where the mon wash their hands are put into barrels and made to play their parts in tha economy of the establishment. ven the old aprons and hats and boots to the smoiter's fur- nace, When the metal alone are to be treateq the process used is interesting and not very compli- cated. The okt methods of expelling the coppor aud concentrating the more precious metals by oxdtestion With mitre or by treatment with sulphuric acid aud soda ash are still used by some refinera To rich metal silver ig addod to make the proportion 1.850f silver to 1 of gold. The mass is then placed crucibles, over @ flerce anthracite coal fire, and melted, a Ii dus, soda ash — being — ad to fusion. When melted the com tents of the crucible aro thrown into cold water and granulated. This granulation forms the metal intd Smnall, irregular particles, enabling the acid the better to act upon the silver. ‘tho metal is then placed in CAST IRON KRTTLRS and boiled with sulphuric acid, a process invented by Mr. Andrew Mason, melter and refiner of the United States Assay office.’ It is cheaper than the old method, nd the dangerous fumes of the nitric acid formerly groployed are thus avoided. Small cupolas cover the tops of the boiling kettles and conduct the sulpharoua acid fumes into a purifier and condenser, composed of chamberg of phous lead, whore the fumes rise through layers of coke, and are finally condetsed Into we liquid sulphuric actd, When the metal has been su ciently bowed the silver ia in solution, and the gold remains at the bottom of the kettles in'the form ofa brown powder, strongiy resembling snuil Tho silver solution is drawn off with a siphon, while the gold powder is placed ina filer, and thoroughly washed with Warm water until freed from all trace of acid and them melied, COPPER INGOTS are now placed in the silver solution; the salphurie acid leaves the stlver mm preference for the copper; the fluid becomes sulphate of co; pper, and the silver falls to the bottom of the vessel inthe firm of « gray powdor with a motallic lustro, It ts then washed, dricd and Totted, as was the gold. Tho fluid sulphate of copper is then crystallized, becoming the blue vitriol of com- nrerce, With the uninviting looking masses of aweeps and washings there 1s much more troublo from ite bulk and the worthless character of all but an infinitessimal part of it. The great purifier, firo, is Nopenien to, and the heterogeneous collection of matter is burned and roasted in roeverberatory furnaccs antil all that may be calcined is thoroughly burned and purged away. This with a large consignment ts an affuir of some days, and the wonderfully small residue is melted down in crucibles with a flux of salt, The metal ts obsained in the form of “buttons,” and these are remelted, granulated and separated as above described, ‘THE JEWELLERS are entirely dependent on the honesty of the emelters as to tho returns made to them for thelr sweepings, and the length of time that some of the New York estab- Nishments have exercised the profession awd tho large cllentéle that they still control are sufilcient proois of the confidence placed in thom, The process of re- duction employed by all is similar, yet each fitne claims to have tts peculiar and superior method, by which better results aro obiained. than ean bo pro- ducod by rival houses, and all agree that no works sava thoso in Now York are scientifically conducted. It must be acknowledged, however, that of late ycara Providence and Newark havo somewhat injured the business in this clty. There aro now four smelting establishments in each of those cities, and it is bat natural to concludo that they obtain a fair proportion of local patronage. The reputable firms here assort that tho trade of the clty bas been injured by the rascality of parties who {rom tino to time have | pursued a short career here, ostensibly as re‘iners and smeiters, but who wero merely swindlers of the most transparent kind. These sharpers would send out cards to country manafacturers of jewelry in which they claimed to possess improved methods lor the re- uction of clippings and sweeps, and requested a triak ofthe new process, Any consignments thet were nade wore simply disposed of to the regular smeltor, and no returns ever mado to the consignee. Such parties had no furnaces for smelting, Which would require space and capital beyond their power to secure, but they sometimes did refining | for persons who came in possession of the precious metals in a surreptitions manner. With what is known ag a “hot pot” on tho fire in readiness for emergencies, stolen jewelry, coin, silverware and the like valu- Speedily metted into an unrecog- nizable mass, and this business was, of course, very profitable while it lasted. When’ the pseudo A great deal of the work made in Attleboro is so undisguisedly brassy tnat none but an infant | coukl bo deceived by it; but some of the thinly plated | | jewelry manufactured there is elegant in form and will | | ‘stand any test but wear, It is onsnaring to the eyo, | and in better times immonse quantities of It wre sold | | to Western and Southern merchants. Tho nogroes aro | heavy purchasers of the most showy patterns, and | (or ° ot yore was 80 sxcredly from mother to daughter is rarely | work down seen now, and many qnite wealthy people bay | privately the cleap products of Attleboro and Prov handed | dence, “It cannot detected from the most costly, | save by olose oxamination, and the known respectability | and position in life of the’ wearer prevent all suspicion | from boing aroused, After having been worn a few | times it is discardod, and a new set {s introduced to tho | | dismay and hoartburning of less cunning rivals, It bag been maliciously reported that Attleboro manufacturers dispose of their products by the bushel, throwing in another scoopful or two if the customer’ complains of | tho measure, but this lacks confirmation, To any one, however, who has seen THE PRODUCTION OF CHEAP JEWELRY, | the sight is a sad disenchantment. Tho plate’ is gener- ally purchased from the gold-platers, who aro a distinct | | clasa, “A thin slice of fourteen or eighteen carat gold is soldered to a thick bar of composition of different ma- | terials, Dut containing none of the precious material and the reinforced bur is rolled and rerolled unti it attains a length of some thirty feet or more. It is then struck up in dies by, a foot or power press, and the halves, either filled with lead or’ left hollow, as ‘dosired aro attached by means of the blow-pipe. Tho film of | gold on the outside of cach half is infinitesimally thin, | and will barely stand tho necessary polishing. done in most instances by brush wheels, fed with rot- | ton-stone and oil or crocus, The polisher covers head | and clothing with hood, jacket and apron to avoid the red and penetrating dust which fills the atmosphero, and renders him in the course of his labors any: thing but an attractive object. That “jewelry”? which is simply struck = up_— from —shwet brass, without any pretence of plate oven, is sometimes firegilt, and is quite paséablo-looking until it has been ralgecled to handling, when the character of its composition soon betrays itself, By the aid of machinery in the establishments the quantity mann- factured 13 80 enormous that one may well wonder what becomes of it all, and can readily believe that the market is likely to become glutted and the demand stopped at the first symptoms of faancial distress. Men retronch, first of all, on their superftuities, and even the most thoughtless’ of the gentler sex speedily become aware that TUM BILLS OF THE BUTCHER AND BAKER must be provided for first of all. That thero is any re- quest at all for jewelry, and that the sale in any quan- tities is strictly confined to the choapost kind, would | Seem (o indicate that the prossuro is most severely folt by persons with limited incomes, and that those of the very poor who aro at work at all enjoy the same wages | as usual and can afford as well as ever their little ex- | travagances. There are some firms In Attleboro that | make good work, bat they are fow in number and | prudently prefer to gkecp up tho reputation | of their manufactures ratbor than to suffer the quality of their work to bo deteriorated. Taking togevher At- | tleboro propor, North Attloboro, Attleboro Falls, South Attleboro and Plainville, there are, exclusive of silver- waro manufacturers, sixty-seven ¢stabtishments for the manufacture of jewelry, employing, when running with full force, some 1,600 hands, tate and female. Nearly | all of those are plodding along, with from one to five hands, the number employed being probably less than 200. IN PROVIDENCE there are 102 manufitctories o1 jewelry, employing in ood times about 2,500 hands of both sexes, of whom fardty 300 aro at work now, and these are producing | goods of inferior quality, “In Nowark there are sixty- one shops of the kind, the owners of which say that they are doing nothing. — It would be, perhaps, safe to | say that hardly 100 out of fifteen times that number are | at work. Then there are numerous trades which depend | upon the jewelry business, and rise ér fall according as it is active or depressed. There are goldplaters, whoso | product is sold altogether to the jewellers; lapidaries for whoso stock of imitation or precious stoues there is | | bo demand when uo settings are being manufactured in | | which to place them; engine turners, dic sinkers, chasors, engravers and smelters—all of whom look | | directly to the jewelry establishments for business. | | Nearly all manufacturers have thoir specialties, for | which thoy are known and to whieh they generally | | confine themselves. Some firms mako rings, others | | lockets only; somo manufacture nothing but’ chains; | others, still, Only bracelets, and some sleeve buttons | and stds or carrings and bracolets, THY DEPENDENT TRADES are indebted to these for omployment in different degrees, The lapidary looks to the ring maker chiefly as | a buyer of the goods in which he deals, although a sud- den caprice of Tashioa may creato a suddou demand for | cameo oarrings and necklaces and render bts trade | doubly lively. The die sinker is inditferontly employed | by manufacturers of all varieties of goods, The engine turner looks to the maker of lockets, stads and sleeve buttons mostly; the engravers and chasors to the ring and | bracelot makers, while tho rodacr and smelter gathers | the humble-looking but valuable material from which | | he extracts his living from the floors, benches and sinks | ofall The onamolier, too, may perhaps be considered | | in connection with tho jewoller's business; for, though | the sale for enametied work has fallen off several times, | yetit has revived as often, in spite of prophecies to the contrary, From ‘THR INTRNSN COMPETITION between manufacturers, the fluctuations of public taste | and the periodical de fous in the trade, the busi- ness is rogarded wi ason as an exc y risky ono in which to invest capital, and the number of men | HPwho have retired from it wealthy 18 exceedingly small | in comparison with the throng that have abandoned it in despair and with broken fortunes. Many in the dependent trades—lapidaries, plators, die sinkers and, capocially, retiners—becofne rich and outlive, in @ bust- ness sense, Rorerations of those from whom they bavo ina manoor derived their wealth, [t would seem singu- | lar, on a first consideration, that one set of men should grow poor in conducting business enterprises while others accumulate wealth from the refuse and dirt gath- ered in their workshops; bat it is trno, nevertheless, ‘The business of the refiner and smolter |s « very profit | able one, and, though it requires some capital to carry | mako bud debis; they never do, smelter became too much sought after by his victims the premises were vacated, and in a new locality and under a differgnt name he continued his swindlin operations. A leading jewelry manufacturer, whot views of matters are possibly colored by the depression, of his own business, intimated that THE REVINERS | had all grown rich, while the jewellers were bein, ruined, ness is an immensoly profitable one. they Kocp, by immemorial custom, all the copper and Jead and return tons the gold and silver, after deduct- ing their pay for refining. You will soo.at a glance the advantage they have over our business, © often but have our money, or what isthe same as money, in their hands. from tho first. We have to trust to them for our re. turns; they may keep three-quarters of what they ex tract for all that any one knows except themselves’ Then they have what metal clings to the cracibles and filters, no ineonsiderable item in the course of a pear, and whon times area little dali with them they can crush and burn up these, and the results thug obtained are so much Clear profit. I believe the frat with which I have done business for the last twenty years to be honest, but they might have swindled mé out of a fortune in that time without my knowing t. As it Is I am poor to-day com- paratively, and they are rich; how rich no ono knows, they shrewdly baffle all offorts to dnd out holy much thoy are worth.!” The redners, on the other hand, complain not only of poor business, due to ‘natural causes, but that, as one of them expressed it, “a set of fellows have got into the business who are ruining it. Ignorant and reckless, without cap- ital or reputation, they induce tho to trust tothem by promises of largo returns, and by a series of cut-throat operations haye succgoded in mak- ing a dull season still dullor.” One smelter in Newark is running his extensive establishment now princtpal on ores from tho Western States and Territories, whi those here aro watching with patience for the long- Promised revival of business, A LOST RACE OF THE MONONGAHELA, “hey are’ all wealthy,” he said; ‘tho bust- In the Grst place. 4 MACADAMIZED ROAD COVERED BY TREES ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS OLD. {From the Pittsburg Commercial. } Several years ago considerable excitement was cre- ated in Fairmount, West Va. by the discovery of traces of an old macadamized road extending along the right bank of the Monongahela, opposite that place, Recently the government engincering party engaged In the survey of the Upper Monongahola River, with the view of slack* watering that stream from Morgantown to Fairmount examined this old roaa, and from the members of the party we learn that there can be no doubt but that this road furnishes another trace of the lost race that once dominated the Conti- nent long before the Indians came into | net gi There aro traces of the road for nearly eleven miles along the narrow strip of bottom land between the hills and the river, though at many points the river, having shifted its channel and cut into the hills, has entirely obliterated every evidence of it. Generally the road is covered by from two to five fect of alluyt either de- posited through the course of ages by the river or else by tho elow washing off tho bills skirting It, Ita width is said to be fifteen fect, The most curious feature about the road ia that the stone from which it 13 formed appears invariably to have been burnt. Wherever the road shows itself im tho cutting banks, it is marked by the black substratum. of ashes. Io depth the broken stone varies from six {inches to cightoon inches, of irregular fragments. Tho material omployed appeats. to ha¥® beéa largely com- posod of boulders of red sandstone, and the conjecture is tnat they were broken after boing made hot with water thrown upon thom. There being few (if any) boulders in the river or adjacent country, the query arises, where could the material have been obtained ta make this road? At the crossings of the streams there are vo traces of bridgo abutments or piers, which leads to the con clusion that tho streams were crossed on wooden bridges. At many points the road is covered with tree over 150 yoars ‘od, which makes it certain that It wag constructed long before the advent of the white man; and there are other circumstances surrounding the case which lead inevitably to the conclusion It was made m those early ages. when a ‘seini-ctvilized people | inhabited North America. No ond acquainted with the habits of the American Indians would give thom for constructing such a work of art as this. A MIRROR IN THE MOON. A most romarkable discovery is reported from the astronomical observation established by the Russian government several years ago at Pamlateska, the high- ost point, with one exception, on the Himalayaa range For several months a poculiar bright spot had beem discovered, shining from the extromo edge of the moon's disk, at a point where no mountains break the continuity of Its perimeter. This light suddenly disap- arod aud remained invisible for noarly twelve montha, t has lately reappeared in Upeogd brilhancy than ever, and the immense power of the tolescope atiached the above observatory, so well known tn the scientifia world, bas developed the fact that tho light pro- ceeds from some hugo burnished substan acting a3 @ mirror, which must bo at le 100 feet in diameter, The most astonish) thing in the matter is tho almost complete proof t! this is actually a mirror of artificial construction, and the theory of the savans at Pamlateska is, tbat it is erected for observations of a scientific character, prin+ cipally to observe the phases of the earth’s surface. Tt is well known that the immense hoight of that por- tion of the moon which is turned toward the earth, not ouly through the well kuowo laws of gravita. tion, keeps that portion of her surfaoo presented toward us, but also rendors it uninhabitable, Tt ts supposed that the side turned from us roay have an atmosphere suitable for an animal life, and that intel t bei obaorving the halo of light shed around ite horizon reflections from the carth, may have taken this means to ascertain the cause, So1ne ingenious device to place 4 mirror at a haight where animal life could not be sus ; i on roperly, it this advantage, that there Pas Nnwatainty or speculation in ih taned, the result, It is to be ho) that this dis. avert rd Toad to others im regard to onr invoroating eatellite