The New York Herald Newspaper, September 22, 1875, Page 14

14 HOW WE ARE FED.| Breakfast, Dinner and Supper for the City of New York. A GLANCE AT OUR MARKETS Six Million Eggs and Three Thousand Frogs Per Week Consumed, ACRES OF BEEF, MUTTON AND VEAL The Birds of the Air and the Fishes of the Sea Brought to Market. Had Lucallus, the Roman general, who surpassed his | feats of arms by the banquets that he gave to his clients | and friends, lived in our day and on the island of New York, which gathers in produce and animal food from all the world, he would not have been compelled to send to the boundaries of an empire for delicacies of the palate, for it isa well known fact that the inhabi- ‘ants of this metropolis and those who sojourn here an find at our city markets every quality and any quantity of food known to mankind, The stomach is well cared for by those purveyors who control the markets and shops of New York, and Lucullus, who gave 50,000 denarii for a single supper, or about $8,500, might possibly bave found means to expend an equally large sum in a supper to a couple of hundred parasites, and this within sound of the City Hall bell, were he in ‘he body in the year 1875. The great Roman gourmet, 4t is said, paid over $100 for a dish of peacock’s brains; Dut in these days of frog’s hind legs and that marvel- Jously delicate fish the pompino, which is soid at $1 a pound in Fulton Market, the intimate friend and fol- lower of Sulla could have found consolation for all the Bnecrs and the bitter hatred of Pompey, his antagonist, were the two Romaus to come to life again, THE MARKET REVENURS, New York city bas twelve public markets, The thir- teenth (Franklin) market having ceased to exist as a Public market, there being at the time of its close but | two butchers’ stands in the building, and these two | were doing very paltry business. There are several private markets erected aud controlled by corporations er individuals; one just east of the Grand Central depot, in Forty-second street; one which has a front eu Seventh avenue and a front on Broadway, at Fifty- fourth street, and there is another market at the foot of Thirty-fourth street and North River, known as ‘Manhattan Market, which is now used asa slaughter house partially, and the only building in the city de- serving of the name of a market, as regards its con- Btruction and accommodations for business purposes. The private markets have not been so successful as ‘was hoped when erected, but their traffic is increasing | gradually and will, no doubt, prove satisfactory one | day to their owners. Before slowing how the great tity is provided with food, it might be well to give the Qigures for one year, prepared by Colonel De Voe, the Superintendent of Public Markets,,in which are in- | tluded returns for market rents, fees, tickets for wagon | Yoom, rent of cellars and the value of property used by | the city for markets, These figures are as complete us | they could possibly be made. The returns are from the Jast report prepared by Colonel De Voe, who probably knows more of marketing and market business than any other individual in this city:— PEEP 2 3) S222255 Pry El ggPreea ae "3 33 B: 6: Pe & a) & F 00 LT FO e60'SIL ‘el$ log gzs‘e1is 3 5 Ee | 3 Listizisis 3 oo yp pe B 2 S| $88 G52 54 2) ff SlLlLsssi sesiszis ERE Seale z Mea ee kala SES s|srsscsacessas| ete gs my ae i2| 2h Psiz2 3). 355.3 gS38i UR a $2333 S| see 8 #) 852 8 sliisseisii THE MOUTHS THAT HAVE TO The city of New York has over 1,000,000 mouths ‘which have to be fed every day. Some of these people, and a majority of the million, dave but very little | money to buy food and yet fuod they must have, but it 18 generally of the cheapest. and coarsest kind. The poor woman who, on a Saturday evening, after she has received her husband’s wages, or perhaps only a part of her husband’s wages, and who journeys down after the street lamps have been lit, on a Third avenue, Eighth avenue or Belt Railroad car, to Washington Market, cannot have her choive of meats as she would wish to have. She has to be content with a neck or shoulder of mutton, a hock of beef for soup, a calve’ head if she is a German, and a pig's head or tails, or a | spare-rib if she be an’Irishwoman. She must make a dollar last as long as she can, and her ne- cessities are certain to overreach her means. But for the rich housekeeper who lives yn Fifth avenue or om Murray Hill the markets of three continents are at her pleasure, and she has only to make her w ixhes known in Was!aington Market by ten o'clock of a ny morming, aud the Leirds of the air, the fishes of the # 2a and the animals of field, forest and farm are immedi: ,tely procured for the consumption of her family, frier ds and servants. And it is proposed in ‘this article to 8! jow, as found, the vast consumption of the principal i ,arketablo articles of food asnong a people gathered from all nations and climes, possessing variable tastes, and hw ging an island to live on, with rivers on each side, aD 4 shipping and railroads to Bring all sorts Of produce ‘9 market. BREY, MUTTON AND VEAL. Beef is’ the backbone of the civilized mations of the world, It has been clearly defined that those commu- nities * cho do not eat beef in some shape, either as a ‘beefy eak, roast beef or boiled, do not endure or propa- te and have not done either in history. If that PY pulous nation, China, with its 400,000,000 of inhabi- V vats, would but turn its tremendous intellect to the ‘consideration of the question of beef and discard rats and rico and chopsticks, in the next pig-tailed generation they would very likely settle the Eastern question to their own satisfaction. Beef must, | year NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1875—QUADRUPLE SHEET. Here we have a total of nearly 60,000 cattle of all kinds brought to the city to be cut up and eaten in the | city, with the exception of about thirty per cent, | which is either exported or delivered in the ighbor. hood of New York, Some of this meat is sent to New Orleans, Savannah and Charleston or to inland towns, and, in the season, when the passenger traffic is at its heighth from New York to Europe, each steamer leaving this port will take with her as much fresh meat for her ten or eleven days voyage as would suilice to supply the guests of one of our first class city hotels for a week. Beef cattle range in weight from 1,000 to 1,700 pounds, sheep from 80 to 160 pounds; calves will average from 90 to 220 pounds, and a hog, whether on four feet or on two, is always uncertain, but the four- footed animal generally ranges in weight from 100 to 1,000 pounds, bs BIG MOTEL RATING. To get some idea of the immense eating power of guests who reside at hotels, it is ouly necessary to say ‘that in one ordinary day’s feeding seven of the leading hotels in the city consumed 1,959 pounds of beef, short loins and ribs, 1,800 pounds of mut- ton chops, nearly 4,000 pounds of spring lamb, 80 dozens of sweetbreads and 1,000 pounds of the bind quarters of veal for roasting and cutlets, The same hotels averaged 40 pounds a day of prime corned beef, or from 1,400 to 1,600 pounds of corned beef per week. The St Denis, which does nearly altogether a restaurant business, averaged 600 pounds of beef per day. Extra beef, which only includes the four quarters, and excludes the hides, fat and offal, brings $13 to $14 @ hundred weight at the yards. The best from Ilinoig, and it is superior to the beef raised in any other State in the Union. ever, tell their customers that the beef which comes front’ Texas is native to Illinois. Ohio sends a fuir quality of beef But if it were not for the-vast quanu- ties brought from Texas to this city beef would \ bring fifty cents a pound in the market steadily. Dutchess county and Orange county cccastunally sead some fancy beef te private parties, but it is only a drop in the ocean, Some meat is hardly fit to eat when. | brought to market, and one moming at Washington Market Superintendent Devoe seized no less than 357 quarters of bob veal, which were almost in astate oftpu- trefaction. This shows the danger formerly encdun- tered by housewives who were fond of roast veal or | nice little cutlets, The worst kind of beef brings at the yards $8 a hundred weight, and Texan beeMbrings ubout | About $9 60a hundred when it is in good coneation. 250 goats and kids are brought to taarket every in this city and they will average 45 pounds a carcass dressed, but their meat is never in any great domand, and is only eaten by people whose palates | s are sold are in an exhausted state. Sixty roasttng pi, weekly on an average and welgh from 15 to 20 | pounds each, The constmption of hams in the city amounts to from 5,000 to 7,500 hams per week, and they chiefly come from the Westeru States. Of tame turkeys, ducks of all kinds, geese and guinea fowls there are de- | livered to the New York markets about 1,500 tons a week, and their price varies according to season, but they are at the maximum rates about the holidays. VENISON AND GAMP BIRDS. In proportion to the population of the thiree cities it is calculated that New York uses far more- game, small and large, than either London or Paris—-filty per cent more, tn fact. Mr. Devoe estimates that there were months of each of the past five years. Some of this venison 1s not very fat. All venison hits to be kept some time to make it fit for eating, and the lean veui- son, even when well bung, is but ‘poor eating. Each deer will average 100 pounds of useful meat, There are brought to the markets of the city 3,000 buffalo saddles, each saddle averaging 110 pounds, and from 125 to 150 bears, and out-of each bear 200 pounds of meat are procured. Hares aitd rabbits are prolific. Tnree thousand barreds of these succulent ani- mals are sold to our citizens yearly. The poor rarely buy them, but they are chiefly sold to Freach and Ger- and to well-to-do private, families. In each barrel there are 650 hares or rabbits on an average. Of wild pigeons there are 2,000 bar- rels sold yearly, each barrel contaiming 25 dozens of pigeons. The figures in. all these game lists are for a year, as that is the only way they could be ob- tained in gross. Grouse, or prairie chicken, 1,000 bar, rels, 60 birds in a barrel. Then there are 2,000 wild turkeys sold yearly, 2,500 vaild geese, 50,000 wid duck, 100 barrels of woodcock, each barrel averaging 200 pair of woodcock; English and other varieties of snipe, 500 barrels per year, 400 birds ina barrel; partridges, 700 barrels, 45 pairs of paitridges in cach barrel; quail, 500 barrels, 35 dozens in a barrel, and other birds in due proportion. Mr. H.’ W. Knapp, of Washington Market, stated to our reporter that it was almost " incalculable the amount of game birds that were ‘put on the market out of the hands of the regular deaders and distant front tke gen- eral channels of business. Dry goods houses and merchants doing a ver'y large trafic would have oc- cusionally to take ganie for their goods from distant parts of ‘the epuntry wien business was dull, and then they would send them to market to be sold for what in and ont of season a great number of hawkers who got the birds any way that they could and fold thent at any price that was olftred. Of oysters it was deemed a safe estimate that 3,000 bushels were used daily in this city and its environs dmring the season, 500 bushels of clams, 40,000 barrels of potatoes, one third of which leave’ New York; 3'400 barrels of turnips and other vegetables ip proportion. The vegetable market is the most uncertain of all, and not even an estimate can be speak of any partic dar classification, In talking with several gentlemen, whose business it is to mark the changes and rise and fall of all kinds of arti- cles of food consumed in New York city, and some of these gentlemen, having been from fifteen to forty years in business, , therefore, well able, if any one Should be able, to. make an estimate, the question was asked, “What does it cost the city of New York for food each day!” ‘Jut of ten leading merchants inte- rested in the business seven of them agreed that the people of the city «af New York did not expend less than $1,600,000 a day { or solid articles of food, and this did not include milk, and grosser artich ss of cousumption. THE ¥'RST PORTER MOUSE STRAK. It may be inter esting to know that the st the “porter house,” which is only known to ers, had its origiia sixty-one years ago in this cr very year that General Jackson whipped the troops at New Orleana To all good eaters this fact will be of more imp ortance than the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, The manner of its origin is well authenticated, and is as follows:—Martin Morrison was the proprietor, iu 1814, of a long established and weil kept porter house, located and known at that period as No. £27 Pearl ‘street, in this city, near the old Walton Ho ase. In 1803 we find that he had opened a porter house at No. 43 Cherry street, which then be- came a popular resort with many of the New York pilots {or his hot prepared meuls at any hour i they might call, as they ‘were often detained on shipboard unti’ their vessels were safely moored, The those of the jpresent day, and were frequented, general thing, by lungry und thirsty bac for “a pot of ae” or “porter,” or a “bite” of “bread and cheese.” Some of these places, among which was Morrison’s, prepared a hot meal of one or two dist aud Morrisun?’s was noted for its celebrated bro beefsteaks. One day, im 1814, Morrison had call for steaks, and he bad cooked his last s an old friend of the house, but withal a very rou blunt pilot, made him a’ late visit, both hungry thirsty, having beeu several hours without food. Not caring for the salt junk aboard of the vessel which he had piloted in he concluded to wait until he got ashore that he might cast his anchor at Morrison's, where he could enjoy his hot steak and mug of porter, In his blunt and houest language the pilot gave his usual order. Morrison had nothing left but his funily dinner for the next day, which consisted of a sirloin ronsting piece, which he would ave it, amy hearty, anything, so it is @ beefsteak, for J am as empty asa gull, claimed the pilot. Mofrison cut oil w good sized slic had it dressed aud served, which the pilot ravenousiy devoured; and, turning who had been ex pecting a blast from the , the latter sung out, **Mesemate, another steak just like thal ‘you heart”? Having finished his second steak cond mug of porter the old pilot sq townrd his host, loudly vociferating, © want my steaks off U1 alter this do ye licar that? So mind your weather old boy!’ After this the pilot's ‘companions insisted upon having these ‘small loin steaks” always served to therefore, be considered first of all. The total quantity of beef, mutton, veal and pork, which reached this city f3em all parte of the country for the week ending @aturday, September 11, was us follows, and will show how much meat is eaten in this city, always premising that about one-third of the cattlc are sold for export or for the towns and villages adjacent to New York, where butchering has not as yet attained perfection, CATTLE FOR ONE WERK. ‘These cattle aro received at the different yards and depots and account is kept of stock, so that this table will show how the butchers receive their meat, Sheep and Beever, Cows. Calves. Lambs, Swine, 13 64 «15,620 7,802 10 369 14 - 40 1,302 10,731 ion —- 866 10,847 =. 00 = = —— oo 3 2,440 «(27,041 18,700 them, Mr. Morrison soon discovered that those steaks more suitabie in size to dish up tors , and he ever after pur@hased bis sirloin re: , from which he cut off these stall sweaks, were called, for the large sirloi steaks were becoming jess in demand, The butcher with whom Morris dealt, Tho: Gibbons, in the Fly Market, ha curiosity aroused, and ove morning he asked Morris alter the latter had purchased several sirivia (ne “Why don't you buy as many sirloin steaks us you v~ tof Morrison replied, “I'l tell you the rv I cut off the sirloin reastingepieccs a smaii steak, Which serves iny pilots and single customers best; but as 1 now cold weather [ wish to have these rous.iny pwoces cut up as | direct every moruing.’’ Alter Uns Ur butcher had Mr. Morrison's steaks (ul up every doy with the order to “cut steaks for the porter louse hence the sirloin was changed into ‘cut the porter house steal In a tew years the oa butchers had also learned to cut ‘porter house” ky and gradyally the name spread all over the United States, and this peculiar steak is wow to be found in all large cities, but nowbere else in ite grandeur as itis found in our markets. ‘THE FISH QURSITOY, The consumption of fish in this city is almost incredi- vie in quantity, and to form any idea of the manner in which the homes of the metropolis, humble and aristo- crauc, aro furnished with the scaly denizens of the deen comes ; Many butchers will, how- | 20,000 deer brought to this city during the twelve | man restaurants, the majority going to the Germans | they would fetch. Also it was known that there were | made of the amouns conveyed to New York, notto | sugar, tea or coffee, but the bulkier | porter houses «f that day were of adiflérent kind from | if the old pilot | | itts necessary to be at Fulton Market at about four | o'clock in the morning when the ‘catch’ has been a Then willbe seen long lines of wagons, vender of the enty calls bi and dilapidated ani | heavy one. | Who look as lif ve their lives: obtain a shor have ach a tteu them up if they ration in the country, The 1 horn, whose dismal and ear: sounds ar ven in'all the alleys, lanes quarters of the city. These tish hawkers x | trom $75 (0 $100 tor their entire establishme wagon, scales, tin horn and all—and some of the horses, condemned in’ market, broken and ‘-galied, do not cost more than But they serve their purpose as perhaps, than so many Allens, and that 4s sufficient. of the fish helpers running around he fish market at carly morning, | under the gas j | im their rough t " | proof boots, the bustlo and business confusion of the | carrying to and fro of fish from the ‘fish cars’ and | smacks 12 the rear of the market at anchor, the enormous quantities of fish that are being weizhed, ted and then delivered, all these sights make a impression on the person who sees it for the and brings t ne so similar be obsei at Billingsgate in London of ai early morning when tha ity is asleep ONE DAY'S SUPPLY OF FiSit, Mr, Blackford, w n this city for for aples to the Uni ood’s Hole, Mass of the Smithsonian 4 fALD reporter many i duis in regard to the catehing and selling o at Washin: esting d tinh, aud i n with an estimated a gate of the tish found necessary to supply the inhabit ants of thi ni its with one day's food of the fish line, Mr F fish used in the cits we will say last Friday, w for a fish sale, is as ‘follows:—Haddock pounds; 0,090 codiish, 15.000 bluefish, 3, 20,000, {re 100,000 hy h mackerel, 9,500r salmon, Hancous fish, such as butterlish and | (the smeits and porgies come in later); 100,000 }) doze 200 gallous of scallops, ‘of soft mneh done at present. rere | lesale fish dealers in New | | York city, of which twenty-six are in the Fulton Fish market in Ve the fishing smac Marke di fonr in the n | and Washington stree Takin, their tackle and equipments, I think that jis inv in the wholesale fish bu: | New York city a sum of about | The fishmongers’ of New York furnish suburbs of the city and all the watering places, such Saratoga, Shuron , Litehtield int, the Highland deo Mouniain | aX ort its own kK Waters in the last ra, and Gulf fish. When first in our waters it Pompino was tin our | brought as high as a pound, first. brought trom New Orle us, and is now | northern waters and brings at present $1 a ponnd. Mr. “The different fishes in the market,” continu Blackford, Spanish ma a pound; sea bi | pound; fresh | blue fish, 12¢. a pound 8c, a pound; king fish, 1c. a pound} green tur $1 50a dozen; scollops, $1 legs of frogs, a great delicacy, pound.” selling at tho following rate a pound; striped bass, 7 a pound; black bass, Le. a 8c. a piece, and very small fish, 10c. a pound; ‘halibut, ca pound; large weakfish, 3c. a pound; soft crabs, a gallon, aud the hind are ‘sold at 50c. a | FROGS, TUR PRIGHTPCL DELICACY. Within a few years back—say four years—frogs have become a g nd much desired delicacy among our citize hose who disliked them at the beginning | have learned to like them very much later on, and there is no dish now in our American markets that is | sought after so much by the “gourmet” or high liver. | In the Ontario district of Canada these frogs whieh are sold in the New York market are chiefly caught. That country has many fresh water marshes, and the frog | fishermen catch thei with a short line, a hook and a | red rag attached, something after the fashion in which | | biuefish are beguiled to their fate on the Atlantic | coast. They are in some cases brought ail alive to New York inclosed in waterpens. The red rag is | dropped immediately in front of the frog’s nose as it | appears in the marsh, and as soon as he sees the red | rag he grabs at the hook in a furious fashion, and is | hauled out kicking like a big black spider, The hind | legs or quarters only are eaten, as that is the best part | of the frog. The hind quarters are packed up in ice, | and there are fitty pounds in eweh package when sent | tothe New York market. It takes six pair of legs to | make a pound of trog for eating. The best way to cook | them is to fry them in a pan with cracker dust or | bread crumbs, and in that way they taste like a spring ' chicken, Three years ago there was hardly any sae | for frogs in ‘New York, but the spread of | Freneh cooking has achieved wonderful result as to the demand for and consumption of frogs, and now each Friday the sale ot frogs, as re- ported at Fulton Market—the distributing depot for all frogs thut enter the cityamounts to about 3,000 frogs, weighing 500 pounds, aad sold at filty cents a pound ‘This one day’s sale—on Friday alone—of frogs res 268 the sum of $250. The saie on the other days of the week is Jess than that on Friday; but it is calculated that 10,000 frogs are sold weekly in the city. HOW THE FISH ARE KEPT POR WINTER MARKET. At Fulton Market the fish dealers have adopted a new method to preserve the summer or fall catch of fish for the winter market. Whole buildings are devoted to this purpose, and ice chambers are built down from the flooring into'a lower story, the chamber being as large | as an ordinary parlor. Tubes of galvanized iron, of about ‘cight inches in diameter, to tho number of a dozen, descend into these chambers and from wooden tanks above pounded ice and rock salt is kept pourmg down into the iron tubes and wuen the thickly planked trap door is shut fast above the temperature is found to be about six degrees above | zero, The air is made cold by the melting ice and salt | wluch becomes a moisture and leaves a boar frost in the hottest day of the summer half an inch thick on the fron tubing. There in one of these chambers which re- quires 350 pounds of ice per day, were found salmon, Spanish mackerel and blue fish as stiff as a brick, | and in fact they were frozen so hard that they | would break efore they coald be bent, while | | outside at the same time the temperature in the | stveet was above eighty degrees of Farenheit, The catch of fish has not been very large of late owing to the prevalence of storms on the coast and the east winds which always interfere with the fisuermen. Very often, however, there will be found at the Fulton Market slip | as many as twenty sail of fishing smacks in the winter | time loaded with herrings from the Bay of Fundy, | | which are sold to the licensed venders for three or four | cents pound. Sometimes one schooner will have as | large a number as 500,000 herrings im her hold when | there has been a large catch, The lish of different kinds | consumed in this city each week may be roughly esti- | | mated im value at trom $90,000 to $100,000, CONSUMPTION OF CANNED GOODS. | The canned goods business is at this day almost enor- | mous in its extent, and yet it is not long since it was but uw mere trifle in tra It is very dificult, of course, to f an estimate of the amount of canned goods con- | sumed by th there is no bureau | of statistics to show how any articies of food aggregate | of where it would be possible to obtain any tigures that | would be nearly correct ou this or any other of the less | prominent brauches of trade, It is calculated, however, | | that of canned goods there is a consumption yearly in | the city of about $1,500,000 in value, and | aithough there are not a great many houses in the city who make this their sole specialty—not more than haif | | a dozen—yet great wholesale houses in the grocery bu | iness do a very great trade as jobbers in canned goods, | | | | people of this city, sending the hermetically sealed delicacies to Europe, South America, the West Indies and Canada, How: | ever, one dealer, Whose goods are to the amount of nine- | ty-live per cent consumed in the city | ment the amount of goods 1 ‘This statement gave as Lis state- cked by bitm for one season. does not include the more | | | rare wud costly p , Whic in Jess quan- | tities, For the season of 1b } lowing canned goods:— greengag quinces, 5,000; Bartlett pears, cherries, 10,000 quarts; pineapples, 25,000; black: berries, 3,000 quarts; raspberries, 3,000 ; straw- berries, 6,000 quarts; whortieberries, ; eranbers | ries, 1,000 quarts; rhubarb, 2,000 quarts; asparagus, 20,000 bunches; peas, murrowlat and sinall, 20,000 packed the fol- 000. three-pound | yee corn, 15,000 quarts; ary bei | 5,000 " quarts; string beans,’ 25,000; toma- | toes, 125,000; pumpkins, 10,000; okra, 2,000; | | lobsters, 12,000; oysters, 6,000; salmon, 3,000; | clams, 5,000; pickles, mixed aud assutted, | | 7,000,000; peppers, 100 bb onions, 100 do.; beans, | 5) do, ; pickled tomatoes, 150 do, ; Jellies, 10 tons and | preserves in stone jars, 10 tons, ' It will’ be understood | | that this aggre, only tor ene house, but those | who have a knowledge of the ca that the above list if multiplied by | give the entire consumption of city. A rate itis cuormous tn goods tha: ut s trade state suid perbaps | ed goods in this | amouut of canned New York, The | capital au » are engaged in the | uniry a J prepare this iner- andixe within a radius of fifty imiles of the city is stated to be over 80,000 persons: of both sexes and of | different ages. Fs ' | TUR CONSUMPTION OF EGGS, | few free and independent American citizens can | | Wat they never ate an egy, and there is no i ¢ Of food, excepting bread and potatoes, that 13 | more commonly used in season. Lent would be a very dull and meagre time were it ue It good Catho- lies the use of this me of food is py mitted on any day in the orty dew to fusting aud | prayer, And beauty of tt is that the egg can be | cvoked in any way and eaten to suit the palate of the purchaser, It is the salvation of inany boarding houses | where there is a desire to save trouble in cooking, and | | iLis avery appetizing dish for breakfast. The people | of this city amply prove their liking fur _egus by fhe fact of the immense numbers consumed, Fron | figures obtained he Butter, Cheese and Egg Ex- | | change, in Green it was found that during | | | lust Week thera were received in this city kK ues’! of mostly trom the Mid S | York, New Pennsylvania and M | as some from Delaware, “These ‘pa are lermed ip commercial parlunce, int or voxes, A barrel of | seventy two do: and a box from wenty-e4 uzeu of eveloped chickens New York egge, from thy posed to ve the b ne No housekeeper ld exist without these two kindred commodities, butter and cheese, alihough itis | said that many youns ladies do not favor the use of utter for thetaselves, as they been told that it creates pinples. The United States i the aroutost | Francisco whicl | Pr | gospel, s | presented it to her daughter, ex-Quecn Isabella, on the | ina spread an umbrella in his f ly | it was refused. it is not by any means the greatest cheese consuming country in the world. More than fifty per cent of the domestic cheese manufactured in the different States is exported to Europe and other foreign lands, For the year ending with May 31, 1875, there had been re ceived ia the city w York 1,046,584 packages"? of butter and 1,905,978 “packuze cheese, or about 40,000.00) pounds — of rund over 120,000,000 pounds of ch grades, The amount of butter exported is quite small in comparison with the amount of cheese sent to John Bull, Johnny Crapand and the friends and followers of Otto. you Bis- marek, 1 is calculated that the « New ¥ ‘week about 800,000 pounds of chee 925,000 pounds of butter, some of which is only fit to he used for cooking purposes, And to show how much of those commodities are taken away to foreign lands we give from Custom Honse exhibits the qu batter and cheese exported for one day, Septem the latest re that could be proc Colon, for Aspinwall, butter, 12,000 pounds; Harry and Aubrey,’ for Barbados, 4,600. 'p of butter; steamer Hermann, for Bromen, butter. auds, ‘Steamer Navarino, for Huil, England, 36,827 pounds; butter, 1000 pounds. Brig owell, tor St. John, P."R., cheese, 1.485 pounds. This ery light day for butter and cheese exports im York, and On other occasions the quantities would be tve-fuld, and yet there always scems to be great stores of butter and cheese held in The Germans do not buy mu rd erye for a American cessiebtaoa A Difficult Problem Satisfactorily Solved by the Japanese, ® CESSION OF SAGHALIEN. | The Future of Russia in the Orient. RESIGNATION OF GENERAL LEGENDRE. Toxto, August 24, 1875. ‘The news of the cession of Saghalien to Russia appears as they preter their own more hig e@ odorous flavored F Ireland | Uties from New ! ested in the butt ceed For the foregoing article care has been to procure information trom every possible | in regard to the food supply and consumption | ww York city, but owing to the absence of all sta. | bles, and owing to the z act that what is ever: one’ busin regia the provision trade, “iby the merchants of New irean of statistics, and efforts have been made by | joading houses to ‘obtain such a desirable and needful bureau, and it is believed that they will yet succeed in their endeavors, THE BONANZA KING. imess in the ond proves to be , it is extremely ditticult to gota in the gros Nothing is inore than an efficient A correspondent of the Boston erai@ tells a story of James C. Flood. of the firm of Flood & O’Brien, who | rule the financial affairs of California and Nevada He —J.C. Flood is the name of the man who is at | the head of that great moneyed institutiop in San was the cause of the breaking of the Bank of Calif a—I mean the Bank of Nevada, The history of that movement and ali its results are wel known to readers of the Herald, But the history of the man who was the prime mover of the whole affair | has never yet been printed, He was born, itis believed, | in Ireland, but on that point my informant is not | positive. He made his appearance at Fort Hamilton Sago, when he was quite a lad, and engaged yn a workman in the wheelwright shop | of Colonel Church, He was accounted” a good | boy, thut is, there was nothing particularly | bad’ about him, He was faithful in his. work and was of rather an inquiring mind, always wanting to know the why and wherefore of everythin: He could not read or write, aud the two sons of Colonel Church were then about his age. They have since grown up, and keep the hotel; are the judges, coroners, sheriffs? agents, | agents of the goverument for many things; are agents | of the Western Union Telegraph and of the Associated | there. Their father is now dead. Young Flood | prevailed on Thomas G, Church to teach him to read and write, and he proved a very apt scholar. His learn- ing enabled him to take a front rank among his fellow | workmen, aud it is said there are a good many wagons now in existence on Long Island that bave a pec finish put upon certain parts of them by young Flood. | When the California fever broke out there were three companies of troops sent there trom Fort Hamitton, In. one of these companies Flood enlisted and went with them to California, After serving his time he went into the mines, and came back again to the wheelwright shop at Fort Hamilton with some $5,000 or $6,000. After staying a short time he married, and soon after, with his wite, went toSan Francisco, He there opened a bar room and became quite popular, made money, and, being naturally shrewd and careful im investments, has risen now to be one of the acknowledged powers of the | Pacific coast. There are several around Church's Hotel | at Fort Hamilton who well remember the young ian, and who will doubtless nuw agree that it wasa good place to emigrate from. He 1s now said tobe worth | money enough to buy up the whole region around Fort Hamilton, and throw in Fort Lafayette as a chowder depot, which is all it is fit for, His history is like that of many another in this tree country—a poor, illiterate boy—taught his alphabet and to read, write aud cipher by Thomas G. Church, his eld employer's son—now uot a millionnaire, but a ten or twenty millonnaire, He has the consolation of knowing that in case of accident he | 's a good wheelwright, aud can makea splendid cock- LONE MOUNTAIN, SAN FRANCISCO'S SENTIMENT AND CEMETERY— BRODERICK AND STARR KING. The San Francisco correspondent of the New Orleans Picayune writes about the famous cemetery wherein Broderick and Ralston are buried, He says:— Lone Mountain lacks the precise regularity of plan | with which these “silent cities” are usually laid ow but it gains space in its broken lines of perspective and grace in its Winding curves. Some of its monuments ure exceedingly tastetul and handsome. Conspicuous from its altitude, as well as its isolated position, is the | tomb of Senator Broderi who was killed in a ducl arising from a political quarrel. On one gide of the | shalt surmounting the grave is the inscription, “Brod- | erick. Born 1820."’ On the opposite the date (1859) of | his death. On the two remaining sides are inscribed, | beneath appropriate symbolical figures, the words, “Mechanic, Senator,” Auother,handsome tomb, of dark gray stone, bears upon its doorplate the k, and through the grating one reads upon the marble slabs withia, just beneath udome lighted by stained glass, whence | the dim, religious light falls hke an aureole upon them, | the names and dates of birth of New Orleanians, Strolling further along, a fair Grecian temple, of white | marble, artests our footsteps and claims the tribute of | raise. In its centre stands a life-size tigure, in purest arian marble of “Faith,” with upraised tinger point- ing heavenward, and a look of beatitude upon the lovely iace, The statue is suid to be the likeness of the lady Who slumbers benewth—the wife of Mr. Latbam, President of the London and San Francisco Bank and oue of California’s moueyed kings. Far from the peaceful shades of Lone Mountam, in the very midst of the busy, bustling, noisy city, beneath the gloomy shadow of ‘a handsome but heavy | looking church, gleams a tomb of white marble, upon | whose side the passer-by may read the name, in’ large black che , Of Starr King. A minister of the ig in the church pear which he now sleeps, Starr King, at the a fearful war raged Ubroughout the land, forgetting that his was & mission of ‘peace and good will ‘to men,” abused the privileges of his cloth, the’ sanctities of the holy edifice, to in- cite popular sentiment against a fur-distant people strugghog against such feartul odds for their mghts— their homes. One Sabbath Starr King stood in bis pulpit preaching, not God’s love to mankind, but his own malignant hatred of the Southern people, “Oh, that every Bible in the land could be converted into cartridges to carry on @ war of extermmation!" he ered. “May God in heaven strike me dif ever [ relent toward the enemies of the Unior That night the blasphemous invocation was answered, Starr King was “struck dead,” whether by direct tnterposi- tion of an outraged Deity or through the medium of apoplexy superinduced by bis frenzied excitement in the cause of the Spirit of Hate, belongs wo the unsoly- able mysteries of this life. A MAGNIFICENT DIAMOND. [From the Salt Lake correspondent of the Omaha Bec.} One of the finest briilidnts in America, and one with @ romantic history, -is now for sale at the store of Joslin & Park in this city. This stone is 1-320f a carat lighter than the celebrated Tweed diamond, bit its cutting is much better, and it is cousidered by experts to be more valuable, [t weighs eight and a halfcaruts and is exactly half an inch in diameter, It was for many hundred years in the family of an Fast India prince. This poteutate presented it to the ex-Queen Christina of Spain, who occasion of her marriage. ‘The latter was forced to sell it, with many other diamonds, and Henle Brothers, of New York, bouglt it at an auction of her diamonds, which Was maie in London, From this drm it was purcuased by a St. Lows gentleman With about $60,000 worth of other diamonds. He w: suon after offered $15,000 in gold for it by the Am cus Clad of New York, bat lie refused to sell it, Subs nily it Was Stolen irom him while visiting at Sara- toga Springs by Uieves, who employed What is known as the umbrella game, 'Wurle abguting from the cars a and as be started back the pin Was torn from his shirt bosom, The trick was so dexterously turned that the victim did not dis- cover his los# fur several fours. Whea, however, ho found binself minus the wondertui’ briliant,” he | promptly telegraphed to the daily papers of New York city, offering $5,000 reward wud Ho questions asked, In twenty-four Wours bis pit was re {and the thieves were richer the amount of the reward, After this the saue geutieman came to Sait Lake City and traded bis diamond for mining property valued 000, Thix mine—the Eureka Zintic—developed | nd the lucky speculator realized over $60,000 | from his jnvestment. who received the valuable stone got on a there he played draw poker with after they lad won all of lis money, induced him lo bet lis pin against $25,000. Of course he fost out for bargains, ma Later, however, wey Wlegrapl New York their acceplance of his proposition, telegram found the inan of diamonds at Sait L who then called on Joslin & Park, of thi 1 the diamond as collateral for a jarge sain of | , Whieh was advanced, and the brijiaut was tor- i by express from Chicago. At the’ mon A New York diamond sharp, looking them an offer for the stone, but to apy f stoue and tke it, when Joslin & Park oifered bint i | of ali their encegies nearer at home, | ents, | to have been received with considerable surprise in Europe, and with a feeling even deeper than surprise in England. It has there been made the subject of Par- liamentary debate and has been warmly discussed in the newspspers, by some of which the fact of the transfer was at the outset boldly demed, Now that it is fully recognized it does not appear to be received with perfect equanimity. There 38 no doubt that it was entirely unexpected, and that the Penetrating system of inquiry practised by British officiais in the Kast, ana particularly Japan, was for once at fault, Ifit had been forseen every effort would have been strained to prevent the consummation; for, while vo other Powers the question of occupation is one of indifference, to England it is one of the keenest im- portance, Russia now possesses what, for obvious reasons, it had been the great anxiety of England to se her torever deprived of—an outlet to the broad ocean from her Eastern territory and a first class naval sta- tion on the Pacific. That the acquisition should bo secured with the utmost secrecy was a positive necessity, since, if the nature of the recent negotiations had been divulged, England would have grasped any pretext for seizing the ground herself. | This was the danger which Japan was always most cager to avert, It has never been ag that Russia would attempt to take possession by violence, inas- | much as, in such an event, the assistance of the great naval Powers of the West could have been invoked at any moment. Nothing would have been more eagerly welcomed by England than the opportunity of checking the extension ofthe maritime strength of any nation, and especially of Russia, But while the Japanese thus felt themselves safe from peril of aggression on the part of their Asiatic neighbor, they knew they were never free from the danger of English assault in this quarter. To settle the question of the permanent occupation ip such manner as to best serve their future interests has been for years a dificult problem for the statesmen of Japan, and it may not be out of piace to recount the motives by which they have been influenced in this final solution. The whole story forms a chapter of international records in the East which, though perhaps not of high importance, cannot be altogether without interest. Up to the year 1853, Saghalien was universally recog- | nized as the property of Japan. A nominal ‘annexa- tian’? by a Russian explorer had, indeed, been declared early in the present century, but this was not con- sidered effective by that nation itself. In consequence ot discoveries of coal, about 1850, a serious attempt was made in 1854 by Count Putiatine to induce the Japanese to surrender the islsmd, which was so far suc- cessful that consent was obts ined ‘to a joint ownership, the boundary line to be est ablisiued by mutual agree- ment, Upon this point NUMEROUS DISCUSSIONS FOLLOWED, which were prolonged for se-veral*years. The Japanes who, it is needless to say, fell into a fatal error when they first agreed to waive aay of their rights, proposed that the fiftieth parallel «of latitude should mark the division. Russia demaaded a more southern limit. In 1860 the Jatter government went so far as to ask, throvigh their envoy. in Jeddo, for the control of the whole island, which, naturally, ‘Was not granted. But tlae request had the effect of awakening the Japaneso to the losa that threatened them, In 1862 they sent. a mission to St. Petersburg, with instructions to seci@e a defkaite acknowledgment | of the Ime of the fii2ieth paraillel, on the ground that the division between certain tribes of Russian origin on the one side td Japanese on the other was there to be found. Ths Russians lisputed this alleged fact, and, as the ques‘don could mot be determined at , the moment, they insisted that the subjects of both na- tions should enter :md occupy the whole island in com- mon, From this. time for several years Japan was unable to giro close attention to the affairs of so distant a prewvince. The old ‘l'ycoon’s government were struggling painfully through their last days, and the labors of self-preservation demy inded the application They did find time, in 1865, %o ask the good ofiices of the United States government, through the’ Minister, Mr. Prayn, but nothing came of this indirees, effort. In 1867 a second embassy visited St, Petersbe rg, but, in addition to the fact that the opportnnity of a favorable settle- ment for Japan was now almost. utterly lost, the envoys were altogether inadequate to their trust, and suffered themselves to be led in precisely the direction which Russia required. When they returned home, they reported as follow s:—‘Though we exhausted all possible arguments, the fw ‘t remamed that the Russian colonies extend south of the fiftieth degree! It isthe fault of Japan for putting off the negotiations so long.” A treaty concluded by these Com missioners re. cognized the complete right of jolt ocem sation, by vir- tue of which the Ruvsians hastemed to extend their settlements southward with great rapidity. Up to this time no serious effort at colemizatiaa had been made by Japan—and, indeed, it may be said that no effective effort has ever, at any period, been attempted, In 1870 a final semonstrance was put forward, and for the secemd time, through the medium of the United States, and. a series of communt- ations passed between Mr. De L ong, the Unitod States envoy in Japan, the State Department at Washington and the United States Miniraer at St. Petersburg. ‘The result of the corresponden ce was that Russia em. phatically refused, in terms by no means complimen- tary to the government of the United States, the pro- posal for intercession, but ext essed, at the same time, & desire to ascertain, taroagh the department at Washington and Mr. De Long, upon what terms Japan would part. with Saghalien, and indicated a willingness to offe ¢*‘material com pensation.” There is reason to believe that the substance of this communication was not fu hy revealed to the Japanese government. [may men’ jon, however, that tue docu- ments recording it are Jie in the United Saates Lega tion in Tokio, and begin w 4th No, 85 of 1870. Perceiving, at last, the mevitable tendency of events, and r izing that R assia was simply exercising a duly ac «i right in ta’ ging advantage of the opportu- nities she had gained, the Japanese turned to the tardy consideration of how to improve what few advantag: were left to them in the situation, it may be inters ing to know that the Officers tinally charged with the duty first undertook to quality themselves by @ somewhat close ‘camimation of the future proba- bilities of intercourse or contact with the seyeral | if purpose, nuturally, was to yan might haye to appreliend from their action separately or in combination. The results of their 1 svestigutions, as the various reports tesuily, were, that from France they need fear nothing, that country havi ng Little ambition or cajmerty vo EXTEND ITS ARBA OF COLONIZATION; that Germany © ould not be discovered to entertain active views res: ecting the Bast, excepting of a com- mercial kind, ar ai that these were not of sufficient mag- Western nations, 1 discover what Ji nitude to give ¢ sound for scepwions of imterierence in any direction, Unless styuulated by a more vigorous leader, like England; that although Spin, Por. tugal and Tailand sull held Asiatic possessions, the days «¢ their aggrossive power had jong since passed away, und thgt Aweriex rejected all polti- cal consider: (ions, was content with the present wapect of trade, a at would continue to be satisied with it for years to ¢ sne—perhaps forever, The processes by which the w vari’ clusions were rexehed were often Very ingenious, und wood In MOst cused be ts vines; with others as they were with those to Wh Surguments were addressed, These nations having b sen disposed of in the tainds of the inquirers, there re: qained only two which possess Vitel inverests in ee’ r, England and Russia, de- wnded'. w more serivas consideration than all (he othe combiried. At the ouiset of the investigutions there Was @ disposition to share the common conviction that the Latter Hower really conte:nplated the rapid exten: #100 A her sway over of the Asiatic Coutin- von wh Suglivh emissaries, here as spire no endeavors ty promulgute—and to Uieory Unt the cstablishments she had Pavictia and Nicok.witch were intended ws \ tw spring vwoward Japan when the hould arrive. Tt was supposed “S10 Saghalen inight be directed the ward the s $1,000 Jor lis bargain, which Was accey Now that hiighificent brillant, the fiuest in North America, 1s | the great attraction showa the beautiful jive our readers, by consent of Mr, Leyson, the cour- wel and told thd sory, which we without a, | gS 1 Cheese broduciuw country im tha world us chief salesman of tae Orux P olject, aud even that the movements plonatists and missionaries (which o Russan d t Joslin & Park's, where we were | latter class appear, when they como from that nation, to unite political with their resigious functions) in ‘es principal towns uf the islanti uf Yeao were for tho burbose of obtaining # clutch upon that vi \JAPAN AND RUSSIA. | pendency as well. At one period, not very remotely antecedent, these opinions prevailed to an extent thal undoubtedly occasioned much alarm, and the extraor dinary successes of the missionaries in gaining con verts to the Greek faith were looked upon with even greater concern than the more direct operations of the envoys of State, But by steady diligence of examina tion ail these anxieties appear to haye been gradually dissipated. It was discovered, or at least it was suiliciently well established to satisfy the minds of the Tapanenp, that Russia had not suilicient force on the Pacifie coast, and could not summon sufficient force to menace the inde- pendence or integrity of this nation. The vast distance of the Amoor country from the political centre of that empire, the sparseness of the Eastern population ahd the cost of maintaining an army of conquest and sub- jugation stood as so many GUARANTRES AGAINST RUSSIAN AGGRANDIZEMENT, even if such step should be contemplated. It’ was discovered that Russia, in the Crimean war, failed to mamtain a straggle upon her own soil, at a point not far distant, by comparison with Japan, from her capital chicily, if not solely, on uccount of’ the hardships of transportation, and it was not diifienlt to calculate the aggravated hardships in the conttngency of a war of invasion undertaken upon territory so much jore remote, It was also found that the cager move- ments of Russia in this direction were not incompatible with a theory of perfect friendliness toward Japan, at least for a ‘y long time to come; that her object might be only such an extension of her power in North- ern Asia as was essential to her own salety and to co-ope- ration in the execution of iifinitely more important schemes in other paris of the world, " It seemed reason- able to believe that her absorptions in Siberia and Man- churia were the necessary sequence of her determi- nation to establish naval stations on the Pacitic; since otherwise these stations might have been cut off from their communications and supplies in case of warfare, The ports and not the territor: were what they coveted. ‘These ports were now. suil ciently seeured, yet they did not provide all tha was needed, With no other outlets, she would be ag powerless as she is in Europe, with her fortresses and havies on the Baltic and Black Seas, shut in by the Danish Straits and the Dardanelles. The maritime Powers of Europe would still hold her in check, She must strive for a ae that would be open to the wide ocean from which she might throw out her fleets against the commerce or the possessions of her enemies in any part of the world. Suck a port she had never owned, What was more natural than that she should seek to obtain it in Aniwa, said to be as fine a harbor as could be desired, ag the southern extremity of Saghalien? All this was open to reasonable explanation, but the more the situation was examined the less reasonable it appeared that Russia would desire to lay her grasp, which at this distance must be a feeble one, upon a warlike and spirited nation, with a population of thirty millions, of a totally differ. ent character to the easily conquered and disunited tribes of the northern Asiatic Continent, firmly consoli- dated and tired with a genuine spirit of patriotic sacrk lice and devotion, To hold such a nation under con- J, cven granting the possibility of its conques would) be a task beyond any strength — that Russia could accumulate. But, on the other hand, to secure an alliance, based upon = reci- procal confiden and usefulness, with an in- dependent Eastern nation whose power is daily in- ing, and which would sgrve as a cover and pro- tection to her naval stations, might well be a result worth laboring { The Japanese have never been blind to the fact that Russia’s object in acquiring strength in the East is to be able, sooner or later, ta counteract England—not only, and not immediately, i the extreme East, but at other points. So far as the Japanese themselves are concerned, it must at some time become a question as to which of the two ab lances they would choose. From which, then, might they expect to gain most? Thus far they have cor- tauily suffered no unbecoming aggressions trom Russia, while they as certainly have suffered them from Eng: land, Whatever THE ¥UTURE INTENTIONS OF RUSSIA may be, they are purely political, and they are not im- minent, At the worst they could not take an offensive shape for many years—so tmany, that, considering the growing forces of this empire, there might be reasona- ble chances of successiuliy resisung them, But the schemes of England, arising from her present neccssi- ues, are commercial, and the execution of these cannot be deferred, That is to say, England risks her lifeblood by deferring them, and chooses that the lifeblood of Japan and other Eastera countries shall be sacrified in preference. ‘The decision is natural, but it is equally natural that Japan should resist, and the key to all ne- gotiations between England and Japan for the next ten years will be found in the commercial needs of the former and the defiant self-protective instincts of the latter, The danger from Eng: laud is immediate and alpable. That from Russia, if it exist at all, is far distant and shadowy. It is possible to conceive of a danger in the present, but it could only grow out of a direct alliance with the great trading Power. In such an event Russia might, and undoubtedly would, array herseif against the de- velopment of Japanese progress, and would seek to check a growth that would ultimately prove hostile to her cherished design, Finally the attention of the Japanese was turned ta the advantages, recorded in history, that have been se cured by the judicious surrender of embarrassing oF unprofitable territory; of which the examples of Louisi« ana by France, and Florida by Spain, to the United States; of Canada by France to Great Britaing of Alaska, by Russia, to America, and others less con- spicuous, were duly considered, All these circum- stances having been weighed and thoughtfully debated, the decision was finally taken and was communicated ta the Legation at St. Petersburg some months ago. Th¢ negotiations, carefully conducted by Admiral tera were speedily brought to the conclasion that has alread: been unnounced, und has been received, I fear, wit indifference in all quarters where the advancing impor. tance of Eastern politics is not recognized, but with great satisfaction, I am informed, in Kussian circles, and with profound disgust in English. Among the Japanese there has been a little sensitiveness about the surrender of so large a dependency, but the feeling it only a sentimental one, and has no foundation in reaso since the occupation and development of Sughalin bj japan, at any period, were events that could not hay been hopetuily looked forward to, It was, and prob ably would have remained for ages, a pertectly barrea possession. In the way of material and acknowledged gain Japan receives the chain of Kurile Islands, six. teen in number, which are yaluable for their mineral deposits, their fisheries and for the otcers in which they abound, They may or may not be important ac- | quisitions, but if any person, or body of persons, o1 any gc vernment really supposes that these little islands are all that Japan has obtained in the transaction, it will be necessary only to await the course of events im Asia during the next few years to be startlingly freed from that illusion. RESIGNATION OF GENERAL LE GENDRE. The work of the various oflicials connected with the Department of Formosan alfairs was tinaliy brought to a close about the middle of last month. t had been considered necessary that General Le Gendre, who hag been identified with every detail of the movement from the beginning, should continue his connection with tie government until the last moment, although the unin terrupted and arduous jabors of the past three years had so exhausted him that a respite was indispensible to his health. His duties in this relationship being now ended, he at once requested to be relieved trom further service, The subjoined answer, from the Prime Minis: ter of Japan, shows the estimation in which the exer: tions of this Americau oticer are held by the govern: ment. No acknowledgment of equal warmth and earnestness has ever before been received by any for- eign attaché from so high a source:— 27mm Day, 71 Month. Thave to acknowledge the receipt of your despateh 0 Tah day, Ti month, sth veur of Meiji, Inelosing the Mika In reply, J ber to state that simee the 1 1 the Sth year of Meiji, you have earnest! vernment in relation to aboriginal the embassy to China, in the 6th year of M time when the affairs of Formosa b we devoted your heartiest power : dus with counsel, and at others have labored in an ex: ec way; and the instances wre not few in which our government have gained a good name by abilities. Now the affairs connected with the ingly sent in an application asking Altivough with your request, yet if the business upon wi pleted two mouths’ vac: which you shall be liberated ernment, An humble and resp hi JO SAN To the ion, e at present engaged 1s first be granted to you, 1, Daijo Davin, VERTS TO CHRISTIANITY, 1 observe that a statement bas been published in vark ous American newspapers intended to show the réla tive successes in Japan of missionaries trom various countries, The Greek Church (ussian) is eredited with ‘one missionary and 3,000 converts; the Roman Catholic (French and fialian) with forty missionaries and 20,000 converts; the Protestant (American and English) with seventy missionaries and 200,000 converts. ‘hese figures are correct with the exception of the last, which is enormously—and, of course, accidentally —exagg ated. The number should be 200, and not 2 i is not extraordinary that an error of this kind should be made, for the natural supposition would be that the greatest bedy of converts must follow the most numerous band of missionaries. The resuit, howe' has proved exactly the reverse, The seventy Protestants have less than three converts @ piece to show for their work. The forty Catholica have 500 followers each; but the faith of mat is traditional, dating frum the early teachin, plorers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centurl cannot be attributed to the direct intiuence of tt now in Japan. the Russian, Pére Nicolai, who has already gathered upward of 3,000 into lus flock, and whose individual thas produced an effect that had attracted the serious atcegtion of Ale government, expecially aa his operations are well known to have the direct sup- port of the Russian Legislature, and are believed, as I have indicated above, to partake of a political character, Upon this particular subject much more remains to be suid hereaiter, ah sat ROBBED PETER TO PAY PAUL {From the St. Louis Republican.) Josiah Cobb, who lately died in Baltimore, created s nice little orphans’ fund ina rather peculiar manner, Cobb was a grocer, and in 1829 Surah Ridgley, a mulatto woman, bought a small bill of groceries at his store and handed him a $1,000 bill in payment, Cobb supposed the money had veen stolen, and gave Sarah change for $1 only, He advertised for the owner of the bank note and stirred up many claimants, but none of hem proved satistactory, Cobb got himself into eral lawsuits about it, bat all resuited in his favor, Sarah Ridgley never made her appearance, although Humerous backs and mulatioes aid, claiming to be Surah. Cobb allowed the mouey to remain at interest until 1608, when it amounted to $3,740, and he them prevented it to the Union Orphan Asylum. Nobod: hows lo this day whether that money belonged Sarah Ridgioy or now It might have been but hers, and Cobb may have cheated her, but he wmple restitution, priests