The New York Herald Newspaper, September 19, 1875, Page 6

— AFFLICTED TURKEY. The Revolt of Her Christian Subjects. The Six Commercial Travellers at Mostar— “Telegrams from Ragusa.” WRONGS OF THE RAYAHS. Vrexna, Sept. 2, 1875, Server Pacha and the consuls appointed by the great Powers to discuss the affairs of the Herzegovina will assemble on Thursday, the 2d of September, Their pre- ‘minary labors will probably be coficluded in about ton days, and then Server Pacha will appoint a commission empowered to examine the complaints of therayahs, or, rather, such of them as may be found, or hoped to De, manageable, a question about which there is ly to be a good deal of byplay. This com- ion will, in the course of a month or two, more or Jess, pronounce apon the sppeals, which are declared to be not only well founded, but “opportune.” The last 4s rather @ queer word, and probably the opportune character of the appeal will be much influenced by the progress made meantime with the new tdea, or parcel- Jing out another portion of Turkey into another inde- pendent principality. Unfortunately during these pacific negotiations now about to be begun between Server Pacha and the SIX COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS (who have been sent by the great Powers to embarrass wim, the active staif of telegraph clerks who have been established for stock exchange and other purposes at @agusa will never have a moment’s rest. Indeed, A TSLEGKAM PROM RAGUSA das now become a common paraphrase for an untruth ‘among the polite societies of the border land; go that if any one were to say “it is noon at night” the person to ‘whom he addressed the observation would merély ob- ‘werve, without surprise, that this announcement was “a @elegfam from Ragusa.” We shall continue to hear of bloody battles being ought and of the marchings and countermarchings of Volunteers. Persons who have leisure may go on yead- fing unpronounceable names, and there'will be heard a jsomething as the distant sound of voices through a jfog. growing fainter and fainter day by day, till a few jmonths hence most people who are not Turkish bond- holders will have half forgotten the name of the Herze- ovina, This is, at all events, the present aspect of the | that the p ‘ease as seen through the medium of THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS AT VIENNA, gand other well informed persons. There seems every eason to believe in it, for General Ignatieff, the Rus- ian Ambassador at @pnstantinople, has given positive ssurances that his august master, the Czar, will con- form in every respect to the Treaty of Paris, which means that he will continue to guarantee the integrity of the Ottoman Empire. Austria desires nothing bet- fer than to keep out of any fresh scrapes which will wost money, her finances being in the hands of some wery far-sighted Israclites just now, and they perfectly mnderstand that Austria would gain nothing by annex- Ang a strip of land inhabited by asavage and restless Bet of semi-barbarians. Greece neither can nor will Interfere, because George I. and his wife (who is really King of Greece) receive their orders from St. Peters- burg. Roumania is also neutral, and must remain so unless Prince Bismarck moves,{Raumanta and its Prince iting their instractions on all serious business from Pot and Prince Bismarck has his hands a deal too full of Catholics at present to think or to Bare much about the Herzegovina’ Neither Italy nor France have any reason at all to take hostile measures against Turkey, and they have a great many reasons for gpatching up the quarrel. The merchant navy of Italy mdoes a very large trade with Turkey, because Italian sshipmasters can carry freignts at much lower rates than “the ships of any other country but Greece, and they Mave veen for some years past driving the English flag out of the Bosphorus and the Biack Sea Moreover, ome of the largest corn dealers and money brokers at | Who are always crying out against the Turks what sort Constantinople are Italians, and they would rather not eo Turkey broken up just yet, so that they will exert whatever influence they possess to put things straight again. As for THE SYMPATHT OF ENGLAND, Mt is, perbaps, the funniest and most capricious thing in the world. England, or a part of its inhabitants, are always found sympathizing with every cause, no mat- | bly persecuted the Jews whenever they have had a er how absurd it may be; and the statesmen of Eu- mope are constantly reminded by their behavior of Car- | is so fierce a hatred between the orthodox Christians ayle’s profound observation that the country is peopled ‘by about “thirty millions of human beings—mosily fools."’ There ts a Carlist Committee with a peer of the fwealm sitting permanently in London for the encour- wgement ‘of the Spanish civil war, while the British government is always using tall talk to Spain about not gpnying her debts. Englishmen, and Englishmen of WBigh rank, were found fomenting the American war of wecession in like manner, and lending money to the frebels, while the government continued to oad the most friendly language to the Waited States Minister at the Court of St james. It can, therefore, excite no astonishment the minds of experienced persons to learn that Lord Wussell has thought proper to subscribe £50, or tothe cause of the insurgents, under a complete misapprehension of the whole case at issue between * them and Turkey. It might, however, occasion eome slight surprise (were Lord Russell less known for his large stock of self-approbation) to fnd him referring to his despatches on the subject when he was principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in London, be- cause those despatches were among the most laughable @ccuments ever penned, and it is only just to add that Lord Russel! himself had no share in their composi- tion, Butit isequally just to add that the Russian Whancellor, Prince Gortschakoff, outargued the English Woreign Office, and proved it to be ludicrously in error ‘upon every point under discussion. Moreover, these ‘very despatches, which bear Lord Russell's signature, and the contents of which it must be presumed be, at Weast, tacitly approved, endeavour to uphold precisely ‘the contrary policy to that which he now advocates, The cxample of Lord Russell, however (so great and yo unreasonable is the respect paid to the allegations of titled men in England), may mislead a large number o¢ in persons unless the mistake upon which His wrdship has acted is explained. The real question at ssue is not whether a handful of semi-idolaters, calling themselves orthodox Christians, but really supposing Ahemse only to form part of one of the schisms of the Greek Church, shall oryshall not be freed from the syoke of conquerors who do not coincide with their re- Aigious views. The real debate js whether they shall be ‘taken from under the government of Turkey, which allows them complete freedom of worship im accord- ‘ence with their own superstitions, and which allows ‘Bhem practically to govern themselves by their own (magistrates under their own laws, or whether ‘Biey shall de placed under subjection to some Power which will allow them no freedom of worship and which will assuredly put them tn the fetters of laws ‘which they will be unable even so much as to compre- end. They could not go on worshipping a black man @fid howling about the streets with firearms at Easter Af they were Austrian subjects, nor if they were Russian Bubjects; though when deprived of their rites there swould be an end of their religion, Then as to liberty. is not going too far to say that a Turkish rayah has only much more liberty than is good for him, but has infinitely more than i# possessed by a citizen of . Fate diplomatists, who have little or no responsibility NEW YORK Prokesch Osten, Austrian internuncio at the Porte, himself told the present writer this astounding story :— “A rayah,” said His Excellency, ‘who had contrived to get @ letter of introduction to me from a Hungarian nobleman with whom I am acquainted, presented him- | self one morning with some tin pots and a spirit lamp. | He informed me that this apparatus was an invention he had discovered for hatching eggs by artificial heat; and that he desired to exhibit that novelty to the Sul- tan. I observed to him that the process of hatching eggs by artificial heat had been probably known to the Egyptians for about 4,000 years, or perhaps longer, and that the Suitan had certainly nothing to learn upon ‘the subject. The man, however, continued to importune me so long, that at last I consented for my old friend's sake to ask the Grand Vizier whether he might, as a Persoral favor to me, be allowed to exhibit his tin pots and his spirit lamp to ‘THS HEIR OF THE RASTERN CASARS. “The Grand Vizier, who was a very obliging old man, undertook to ask permission of the Sultan, and the Sultan, who was just then anxious to keep on good terms with Austria, consented to comply with my re- quest. The man brought his apparatus, which tumbled down and nearly set fire to the carpet in the presence chamber, Then he bowed himself out with every wark of servile gratitude, and I thought that there was at last a good end of a ridiculous business, ‘To my 3 meut, however, the fellow nextday put forth a claim | for 10,000 Austrian florins ($5,000), and I ordered my servants to refuse him admittance to the Embassy if he called again. Three weeks afterward, however, I re- coived the most explicit orders from my government to support his demand, and with @ feeling of shame, on which I need not enlarge, I did so, aud the outrageous demand was paid.” So much for the Turkish oppression of Christians about which Lord Russell and some other people seem to be so curiously iil informed, It remains now to consider the question between the Porte aud her outly~ ng provinces from a purely political point of view. Now it has often been a favorite crotchet with second in putting their ideas into action, that Turkey might be conveniently broken up into A CONFEDERATION OF STATES. But this idea could hardly bave found favor with Earl Russell or with the liberal school of statesmen which | he professes to represent, because he and many of his colleagues have been passing by far the greater part of prolonged lives in upsetting most of the small States which were in existence a quarter of a century They have applauded the incorporation of the Ttalian duchies with a united Italy, and they have ap- plauded the virtual extinction of the smaller German kingdoms for the sake of forminga great empire. What was right in Italy and in Germany must be also right in Turkey. If Herzegovina were transferred to-mor- row to Russia or Austria, however, I have shown persons who call themselves orthodox Chris- tians there would have far less sympathy with the Aus- trian or Russian Christians than that which exists be- tween Euglish and Irish Christians or between Quakers and Episcopalians. Ina religious point of view, they have everything to !ose and nothing to gain by secession from Turkey to Austria or to Russian. No one can seriously propose to set up an independent kingdom of 300,000 inhabitants all told, and as to making a confederate State of such materials it is impossible to understand how it could be governed at all unless Turkey were ripe and ready fora republic. The notion of introducing parliamentary government into such wild districts as Bosnia and Herzegovina is the wildest of dreams, though no experiment in government seems too absurd to have advocates, and it is quite possible that a trial may be made of it. If so, the whole country will be Jobbved by a few lawyers and stump orators imported for the purpose, One might as well tell a tribe of gypsies to play at parliamentary Institutions as this inarticulate PEOPLE OF ROBBERS AND HERDEMEN. In the enthusiasm of certain persons for liberty, or what they call liberty, never having seriously inquired into the subject, or knowing whether there is any meaning in the word which comes so glibly to their tongues and 80 promptly to their pens, they are apt altogether to overlook one party engaged in a civil war and to think that the myth liberty should be handed over for whatever it may be worth entirely to the other party. Ifthe matter, however, were worth inquiry ‘one might be curious to ask those partial humanitarians of liberty would be enjoyed by the Mohammedans of Turkey should the rayahs ultimately suc- ceed in getting the government into their own hands, and to remind these good people that the population of the Ottoman dominions is not wholly made up of rayahs. One thing only is known which may give ahint as to their probable condition under such circumstances. The rayahs have invaria- chance of doing so with astonishing ferocity, and there | and the Catholic Christians and again between them and the Armenians that thoy are with difficulty pre- vented by the Turkish police from laying hands sud- denly on each other in public places. ‘The Turkish gov- ‘ernment really acts the part of mediator between these conflicting Christians, and, caring nothing for any of their creeds, in the main deals out equal justice to them all. There is one other pomt to be considered in coming to @ conclusion as to the the honorable careers of legitimate ambition; t the usual way of putting this demurrer in the Tur case. Well, this would be a very serious plea, if true, because all men are. born with an equal right to starve orto ruin themselves in the public service and in the | liberal professions; but it is not true, There is not | even the shadow ofa truth in such an allegation. | Turkey is almost invariably courts by Greeks and Armenians. after the other—Admiral 8 have been in the command-in-chief of her uavy; a Christian led ber principal army in the last war; a Christian directs her postal service; a Cliristian | manages her Mint and presides over her Custom House, Her army, navy and official depart ments of State are crowded with Christians, | and whenever there is a competition between | a Turk and ao Christian, the Christian goes | to the wall. Most of the doctors, and the men belong- ing to every liberal profession but the law are Chris- tians., A Turkish physician; or an engineer in good Practice would be a miracle, and thongh the Turkish | magistrates, who are supposed to decid law of the Koran, are necessarily profess! dans, they only really decide cases litigants of their own faith, while the rayahs have tribunals of their own, or mixed tribunals, in which all the judging and pleadings are done by rayahs. Ail the tratie of Tur with exception of that of a few small eating-house keepers and hucksters, is in the hands of rayahe als and it has come to pass that it would rather damage a | Christian’s interests to change his religion for the faith of Islam than promote them, so that a renegade is quite a rarity, and the clase is wholly confined to a fow | worthless ROGUES DESIROUS OF COMMITTING TRIGAMY. Nor is this state of things atallnew. The principal captains and administrators of Turkey have always been rayahs because the rayahs were always far more {ntelli- gent and ambitious than their ostensible masters. Thus | the best places in the Empire, where the most enormous fortanes were to be gained, have for conturies been well | a poem, chanted in the tents of the patriarchs, at their mi The knowledge of the facts contained in it was, he | thinks, } it, will read this boo! HERALD, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1875.—QU. Of the interest on her debt, Suppose she does so, sev- eral light-headed persons will answer, so much the worse for the bondbolders, and even they will not have ten per cent during tho last twenty years, and, there- fore, have already got back their money twice over. Softly, my friends, The Turks have been kept as quict as sucking doves by England, because she has beon paying the Sultan’s jewellers and keeping his wives from perplexing him, by lending méney whenever it was asked for. His Highness has thus been enabled to build pretty palaces on the Bosphorus and to hang up ja them CUANDELIRRS WORTH FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS BACH. But should he find out that there is really no more money to be had on any terms from those moralizing and vexatious English, he will set them at deflance, Firstly he will repudiate his debt; then he will raise money for his needs in the old, high-handed ways, and then, if England does not support him, he will sell his Empire to Russia, taking any terms he can get for his fronticr provinces and welcoming a Russian army of occupation at Constantinople, He is a stout, choleric old gentle- man, by no means of a patient disposi- tion, and he will contrive to settle the Eastern question after his own lights, which are not bright ones, should he be driven to his wits’ end. England has got herself into a pretty pickle with Turkey by means of her nepotism, stock jobbing, contract hunt- ing and flnanciering. She will now have to go on THROWING GOOD MONEY APTER BAD or her strougest bulwark against the advance of Russia in the East will fall down of itself, and she will have to look on at its ruin, digesting the bitter fruit of her own folly and incapacity as best she may. That is how tho case stands at the present writing, and it wears a very cheerful aspect. NEW BOOKS. THE THEISTIC CONCEPTION OF THE WORLD— WIGWAM AND WARPATH. The Positive Philosophy—Materialism and Pantho- ism—having attacked with great vigor Christian Theism a number of able defenders of it have lately taken the field, ‘There bas been no more lucid, logical, unprejudiced and broader view given on the theistic side of the question than “The Theistic Conception of the World,” by B. F. Cocker, Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy in the University of Michigan, and published by Harper Bros. New York. To attempt to give even the barest summary of the con- tents of this comprehensive and thoughtful volume would be beyond our ts. Of the book it may be said in brief that it has grappled with tho most per- plexing questions of the origin of the universe and the muterialistic, pantheistic and theistic theories thereof, In stating the grand problem proposed for solution the author gives a clear and vigorous definition of the difference between the muterialistic, pantheistic and theistic theories of the universe and of first causes. The materialist says that in the beginning was matter; the pantheist asserts that in the beginning was mind; but the theist insists that in the beginuing was will, The unconditioned will he regards as tho creative prin- ciple of all reality, eflicieney and perfection. ‘The ab- solute first cause is a living personal being, “irom whom, in whom and to Whom aro all things.” The writer then makes a clear cut argument to show that “God is the first principle, the unconditioned cause of all existence.” No better statement of Christian the- ism could be made than that God, the absolute first principle, is an unconditioned will or seli-directive power, seeing its own way and having the reason and law of its action in itself alone, The viow taken by the author of the creation, and es- pecially of the Biblical account of it, is sufficiently striking; but it is questionable whether it will com- mend itself in all its parts to theologians, He first treats of the question whether the universe was a pure supernatural organization, an absolute creation, or whether it was simply a formation out of a first sy" stance, existing coeval with and independent of God. Speaking of the creation, he daes not favor the prac- tice of theologians to accept the determination of the Biblical notion of creation upon purely philological grounds, considering that method inadequate and in- conclusive. The Biblical notion of creation, he thinks, is not to be determined by a critical study of the several words which are employe’, to express the creative act, to the neglect of the in- forming thought. The chapter upon “The Genesis or Beginning,” is exceedingly readable and interesting and a good deal of scientific testimony and close reason- ing is given to show that the common conviction. of our race that the existing order of the universe hada beginning and will have an end ts weil tounded. There is no @ priori ground, he insists, for believing it the performance of the universe, For this he cites the universal belief of the race, and quotes Herbert Spencer as insisting that such universal convictions have some foundation and some amount of ‘The conservation of energy, trai d dissipation of energy are treated of m this connection, As tothe Scriptural narrative of the creation, Dr. Cocker gives reins to bis imagination. Premising that the design ofthe sacred narrative is to teach theology and not selence, he insists that it uses the language of appearances, the revelation, however, containing nothing that is inconsistent with the sceintifie interpretation of ature, The sacred nurra- tive he insists is etic, symbol and unchronological.”” “The Book of Genesis opens with a psalrn—the inspired psalm of creation—a grand, sym- bolical hymn of creation.’ ‘The description, in fine, is and the author thereupon illustrates by ar- rapging “the solemn sonnet” rhythmically, Besides being poetic the narrative ts symbolical and not a literal detail of the actual processes of creation, he claims, an interpretation forced upon theologians by This is not, modern science, but long ago he y distin. guished fathers of the Charch. ‘his sacred hymn,” he § “wus comp probably, by Adam and evening devotions, for more than 2,000 years.” | conveyed in a symbolic represontation—a vision of the past in a Succession of scenic representa- tions. One of the most thoughtful parts of the book con- tains his notions of ‘‘the providence of God in human history:”’ and bere le makes some striking points, He touches a very vexed question in his theories of “special providence and prayer.” Of course, he ut- terly declines the “Tyndall prayer gauge," as it is | called, while he believes that temporal blessings do | fou ww from prayer; yet his idea is that God's promise principally covers spiritual blessings, This chapter does not seem to us as satisfactory as most of the others in the volute. There has been opportunity barely to glance at a very few of the thoughts which he presses upon the reader, Every one interested in theological controversy, and ly if caring to know the foundation upon which the Bible theism rests and the principal arguments for , Which must be regarded asa very valuable contribution to ecclesiastical literature, WIGWAM AND WARPATH. Meesre, John P. Dal of Boston, have recently published a work enti Wigwam and Warpath; or, The Royal Chief in Chains,” by the Hon, A. B. Meachain, ex-Superintendent of Indian Affairs and chairman of the late Modoc Peace Commission. Mr. expecis | Meacham’s manuscript has been edited and revised by Mr. D. I. Emerson, who explains his labors in the known to be in the gift of the Planar and the great officers of State, such as the hospodars of Moldavia and Wallachia. The princes of Samos and the grand inter- | fairs, have been invariably rayabs. ‘The names of | Caradja, Stourda, Ghika, Stirbey, Mavrocordato, Catirji have all been Mustrated in this manner, These © United States or the subject of any civilized nation | mon were not Turks, they were rayahs, creatures of a the world. No American wed to strut off in alu toa foreign consul when jfsked to pay his taxes, and no foreign consul is allowed ‘Bot only to exempt him from payment bat to protect him or British subject is al- | race which called itself oppressed while in good earnost the Turks were like the careless inheritors of great | ‘@gainst the authorities of his own country, Yet these | ‘shings are of every day occurrence jn Turkey. Ifarayah an only contrive to cook up some cock and bull story bout a Turk his fortuneis made. Haifa dozen consuls estates who allow their fortunes to be eaten up by their servants. ‘The latest sensation news to-day, as I close my letter, is contained in another “Telegram from Ragusa’ an- nouncing a | Xi BVOLE IN ALBANIA, at least, all eager for promotion, are ready to take up | Albania is a mountainous district, inbabited chiefly by ‘his case, to give him ap asylum in their own houses ‘gaint the local police, and to override any sontence ‘which the cadi may pronounce against him. Not long arace of thieves in short white petticoats, who are | | always roving about with jong guns in their hands and shooting ateach other from their hill tops. Some of ‘ago an independent fellow purposely put bimeelf in | them have probably been making more noise than the way of the harem of a great pacha, and rudely ‘Phrust aside the curtains to look at his wives. Tho pacha’s servants gave the man a beating and he got ‘Po luss than KIGHTY THOUSAND DOLLARS INDEMNITY Pefore the pacha heard the last of him. Also Baron naual and it is telegraphed that 200 Turks (read, doubt. | Jess, 81x policemen) have been sent to quiet them, All these riots, however, cost money, and we shall iufallibly | hear of @ new Turkish twelve per cent. loan | issued at eighty by some bold financier | or Turkey will have to suspend payment pref ‘Thave endeavored to review every page as an impartial critic, and have, as far as possible, retained, in all its simplicity and beanty, the singularly saying proters, who were de facto Ministors for Forvign af. | eloquent and fnecinating style of the author.” “Wig. | wam and Warpath” 18 presented in a handsomély bound octavo volume, illustrated with over twenty engravings. Inthe circular advertising the work the publishers say:—‘Mr, Meacham dors not attempt to conceal the atrocities, cruclties and barbarities of the Indians any more than he aoes the treacherous acts and unfaithfalness of the government or the rapine of ite officers and emisanries on the frontier, bat treats the | subject fairly and impartinily.’? The first portion of the book is devoted to a sories of sketches of the different Indian agenc Oregon that came under the obeervation of the ing his term of oflice as Superintendent of Indian Affairs In that State, They are written ina pleasant style and give @ rather one-sided view of the coudition of affairs at the Silitz, Alsea, Grand Round, Warm Spring, Umatilia, Klamath and Yainox agencies, Mr. Meacham ‘6 rather an enthusiast on thie Indian question, and ofven nilows his love for ihe noble savage to carry him boyond the line of impartial reasoning, There is no doubt that in many cases Indians have been the victims of injustice on the part of the whites: but on afrontior, where law has tut com. | much to complain of, if they are the original holders of | the securities, for they have been receiving at least | paratively little hold, it is impossible to get along with- | Out some scenes of blood that may shock the civilized | portion of the community, Mr, Meacham advocates sending missionaries to the Indians who are qualified to preach to them, as otherwise they may do tho savage more harm than good, He quotes the following | conversation, held between an Indian who had been | getting religion, and an employé of the Silita Agency, showing the difficulty there is in making them under- stand the Word of God:— “What you think about that Sunday-man’s talk—you think him fool ?” “No; he is a good man; he has plenty of sense."” “What for he swear all the time??? “He did not swear, he talked straight.” “What for be say Jesus Christ so many times? All the time he talk the same," “That was all right, He told the truth; he did not talk wrong.” “You think me a fool? What for a good man die for me? Tam notabad man 1 did not tell him to die.” “The Jews killed him—they did not like him,” “You say Jews kill good man?” “Yes, they killed him, and he came to life again on the third day.” “You think he come to life? I don’t believe they | kill Lim. He did not live any more.’? *, everybody will live again some time.” “You suppose bad Indian get up, walk about again, all the same a good man?” “They will all rise, but they won't all be good.” “What for the Sunday-man tell that? He say Jesus Christ die for bad Indian too; say he go to heaven all tho same as good Indian, good white man; that ain’t fair thing. I don’t like such religion,’? ‘The above conversation had a decided effect on the Indians, as the author says they immediately went to work and piled stones on the graves of their enemies to prevent them rising from the dead. The chapter on the Umatilla Agency, giving a description of one of their horse races, is very interesting. The Chief Howlishwampo has ¢omo very fust running horses, and one in particular that has run five miles and a quarter and eighty-three yards in nine minutes and fifty-one seconds, That is rather remarkable time, as the race is run with a turn round a post and back. If the chiet were to send him down to San Franciseo for the four-mile heat race this fall he might win all the money, coats, hats, saddles, pistols, pocket knives, cattle and horses in the State, ‘The most interesting portion of Mr. Meacham’s book is the history of the Modoc tribe and the events that led to the recent war. He at once settles the question of Captain Jack’s nativity, saying that he was born on Lost River, and is the son of a chief of the Lost River Modocs who was killed in battle with the Warm Springs and Te-ni-no Indians, After giving a brief sketch of the past history of the Modocs, the murder of the emigrants at Bloody Point and the retribution that followed in the Ben Wright massacre he goes into a history of the events directly preesding the war, The story is hardly told in the lan- guage of an unbiassed historian, and savors more of the disappomted politician reviewing the career of his suc- cessor. Speaking of the latter, Mr. T. B. Odeneal, the author says:—“He was a lawyer of ability, but had a limited knowledge of Indian character and still less of the merits and demerits of this Modoc question.” ‘The history of the war is, on the whole, tolerably correct, although in estimating the army as 1,000 strong besides the Warm Springs, Mr. Meacham has added over 200 to its real strength. The massacre of Canby, the three days’ fight and the Thomas fight are all fully described, and interspersed with some litue sketches of a fictitious nature that serve to dress the dish for the public palate, Continual reference is made to the scenes in the hospital during the conval- escence of the author, who was severcly wounded in the Canby massacre, and the efforts of Mrs. Meacham to reach the bedside of her wounded better half, This meeting, after the wounded man has endured a stormy passage across the lake, is touchingly described in paragraphs of the following order :— “The waiting woman in the ambulanco catches sight of the boat as it rises on the crest of a wave and sinks again into the trough of the sea. Language is not com- petent to describe her emotions as she holds the glass onthe threatening scene before her. One moment, hope; another, despair; then again, as the boat comes in sight, she thanks God; a moment more and prayer moves her lips. Can it be that he could live through all ho has suffered only to bo drowned? Fear not, brave woman; the hand that was let down out of the dark cloud that passed over the bioody scene when your husband was in astorm of bullets will calm these waters. Your husband’s work is not yet finished.” The last act is delicately pictared thus:—‘That smile has lifted despair once more from this woman’s heart. But a moment since she had caught sight of the whiten- ed tuce of her husband, so motionless and pale. She folt a pain in her heart, for she thought him dead. Now her brother's smile has reassured her, * * * ‘The ‘old man’ 18 conveyed to the atnbulance and placed) on ja mattress, .and his wife sits beside him, reunited after a separation of five mouths, during which time one of them had passed so close to the portals that death had left the marks of his icy fingers upon him, and the other through a terrible storm of grief and suspense.”” ‘The work coucludes with the trial of Captain Jack at FortKlamath. Mr. Meacham deseribes his magnanimous offer to appear as counsel for the accused:—‘“I know that my motives would be misconstrued and that I would have another storm of indignation harled upon me by the press; but that does not intimidate me, I only fear my strength is not snilicient.”” On the following morning he decides that he cannot appear as counsel, and the book says:—‘‘Thore offering him the newspaper He is not sul Lava Bed tragedy of April 11.” ‘The book concludes with the following beautifal sen timen' Let us uphold the hands of our rulers who declare a more humane policy, and let it be the crown- ing glory of the American statesman to proclaim to the world that the glad time so long foretold has come, when “the wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shail lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.” THE COTTON CROP. The Natioval Cotton Exchange is enabled to furnish interesting statistics for the crop year, which ended on the Slst of August’ It sho Receipts at the ports, bal Sent overland.. Consumed at the South. ut one opinion in regard to Meacham if as counsel for the Modoes, aside from ymamonts—that it will cost him his life. ntly recovered from the shots of the 3,827,845, 2 45 bales, off of 168,533 from 72-3 the above 126,550 ules, This consump- Total crop, bales Tho hoine consumption, inc Dbaies at the South, was 7 tion has run for tie last five years ‘orth, 8 follows : Nouth. 94,542 6.550 1,200,473 the same five years Rates, 4,170,388 9,827,845 | Not more than fifty persons could be seen at the Ex- change salesroome yesterday, owing, no doubt, to the fact that only one sale was advertised, that of R. V. Harnett, vy order of tlie court, in foreclosure, the two | story and basement frame house, 25 by 80, on Cort- Jandt avenue, west side, seventy feet north of Find- lay street, in'the Twenty-fourth ward, which was sold to Isaac 8, Lockwood, for $1,450, Mr. Lockwood being | the second mortgages. FIGHTING BRITISHERS, | There was a desperate row at Jones’ brickyard, in Huntington, L. 1, a day or two ago, in which quite a number of'men were engaged. It grow out of some f r. James Smith, an Englishman, losing all vis temper, assaulted another Koglishiman »scyh Phillips, striking him a number of blows ou the head with a hammer ond roflicting injuries that may pr ‘A warrant was iseued for Smith's are rest, but at I he was still at largo, | A CONSCIENTIOU THIEF, The schooner Onrust, Captain Carman, while lying in Port Jofiersoa (Lx 1.) harbora night or two ago, was robbed 10 of her crew, who took $75 or $100 worth of clot belor the captain and mate, The thier lett.a det Make resiitution ax sac piain, stating that bo would as be Was able ADRUPLE SHEET. | freely when they meet him, THE GREAT COUNCIL z Rapid Ride of Our Correspondent from the Black Hills to the White River. A Lonely Bivouae in the Wilderness. BUFFALO GAP AND AMPHIBIOUS CREEK. ‘Arrest of Barefooted Miners on Castle Creek. PERILS OF THE PLAINS. oreo, Hundreds of Indian Lodges Moving Toward the Agencies. ACROSS THE “BAD LANDS.” Rev Croup Ixpiay AGENoY, Pig ga Sept, 9, 1875, T was with a detachment of the Black Hills exploring expedition, under Captain William Hawley, marching from Camp Terry, on the head waters of Bear Creek, toward Euhen Kahgah (or Inyan Kara, as corrupted), when on August 31 we were met by a courier from Fort Laramie. He handed me a despatch which he had brought 180 miles in four days. In pursuance of its contents I pushed on to the principal camp of the expe- dition, and started thence for the indian agency on the White River, A scanty supply of bedding was placed upon an Indian pack pony, as it was necessary to travel with as light a burden as possible, and mounted on a raw-boned horse which had already faithfully carried me through three months of exploration, I started, The work of the expedition was nearly completed, and 1 bid it goodby without any reluctance. There were few more discoveries to be maile, and ‘.\ mystery of tho Sioux Paradiso had been thoroughly probed, A lonely ride of seventy miles, over General Custer’s in-going trail, to the camp of Captain EB, Pollock, on Frencn Creek, consumed a day anda half, 1 bivouacked on the first night in a small forest glade, near Castle Creck, about a mile above the mouth of Gold Creek, where the fifteenth camp of/Lieutenant Colonel Dodge's expedition was made in June, As very few readers of the Henan probably have ever enjoyed in solitude the deep silence of the primeval forest during a long autumn night, it may be interesting to them to learn the sensations of one who has, “ROUGHING IT.” The sun hung low over the bills in the west, and it became apparent that to desist from travel and repose for the night would bo wise.- A jaded horse appeals to the sympathy of his rider, who is himself not without a touch of weariness, in his dejected looks and stumbling pace, more strongly than could any words, and “Red Cloud,” my steed, was emaciated and somewhat be- yond the prancing period of youth. So, turning intoa small ravine, farming a sunken avenue, throngh the dense mass of trees which covered the low hills on the north of the stream, an old game trail led through some clumps of willows toa level, grassy space, circu- lar in form and hedged in by the dark, gloomy shadows of the pines. Tho pack was taken from the pony and he was picketed knee deep in the grass on the glade, which had been turned from green to brown by a freak of the early frost. A journey of a quarter of a mile back to the creck was then needful in order to get water for the preparation.of coffee. Imagine a pair of ancient sad- die pouches, with a greasy outward appearance, con- taining store of subsistence for a journey of four days and a half, A tin cup, with a handle, served as coffee urn, cofilee cup and saucer, A half handful of coffee and ahalf pint of water are placed within it and are soon steeping and sizzling and finally boiling over a fire of pine burrs, knots and twigs. The lonely wanderer should always remember the practical wisdom of the Indian, who is the Arab of the great Western world, “The white man,” he says, “make big fire and then get far from it—too hot! Indian, he build little fire, sit right close, and is warm, Washkta! Good!” There is a slight moral in this simple comparison. The small fire does its best to throw a cheerful gleam on the grim trunks of the trees and to diasipate gome of the gaunt shadows that lurk in the darkness, but in vain, although, as you sit as near to its genial warmth as possible, you feel that its loss would be the loss of a friend. Nothing inanimate can be more friendly than a camp fire. Out of the same greasy pouch you take a slice of bacon, _ pro- viously whittling the bark off a forked stick; and place it thereon, holding it over the flames, so that it may fry. ‘The coffee and bacon are cooked; the former is sweetened with brown sugar and.stirred with the sheath knife from your belt, ‘Hard tack” takes the place of “the staff of life.” He who has given his faith to Delmonico may doubt that this feast wouid please any mortal palate, however innocent of fastidi- ousness, But it has been found sweeter than the am- brosia of the gods, You sit upon the grass and sip the coffee from the blackened tin cup with a peculiar relish which never emanates from the finest of gilt china ona | city breakfast table. ‘Hard tack”? and bacon are in the wilderness quite equivalent to French rolls and quail on toast elsewhere. Sitting all day in the gaddle is a bet- ter tonic and appetizer than lounging at the club or “pucking the tiger” in genteel etyle. Frequently wealthy Englishmen visit the Western wilds of America and “rough it” as thoroughly as the frontiersmen who have lived here for years, and who patronize “my lud” Rarely American citizens of means accept so severe a recreation, although to them so convenient of access, AN EARLY START, Old traditions of the conduct of wild animals toward a traveller at nightin the forest tend to fill him with nervous apprehensions. The books advise a fire to awe them into keeping a respectful distance while you slum- ver. Pile on the well-dried pine fagots which are strewn over the ground. They will burn till a few hours of the dawn, and although the restless tread of an army of wolves, catamounts, cougars aud panthers may disturb the slumberer he will be safe from their enmity, It iw very romantic to spread one’s blankets on the soft turt under a friendly pine and “lie down to pleasant dreams,” although after a long’s day’s jaunt the dreams very for- tunately are apt to prove truant. But flery eyes gleam- ing out of the darknoees on all sides at the victim whom the red shining flames alone protect {rom being torn to pieces do not fillthe brain with the most soothing images. 1, however, soon fell asleep, after rolling m self up in two blankets and @ buffulo robe, and did not awake until just before the gray dawn. Then the last flickering ember of the fire had expired, although the darkness was not yet dispersed the vora- cious lobos and kiotes were no longer watching me. I saddled my horse and packed the pony by the starlight. Before the sun peeped over the pine fringed hills on the east side of Gold Crock I had ridden fifteen miles, The grass in the valleys was encrusted by a hoar frost that glistened and gleamed and gave the morning breeze a keen edge, As rode along in the perfect quictude of | nature, while she was taking hor morning nap, T came upon browsing deer in large numbers, They did not siartle until | was close upon them and then ran only a short distance to stop and gaze back at me with inno- cent curiosity. A noble black tail buck stood upon a hillside, a hundred yards from tho trail, looking around | | at mo os I pasfed with steady noncha ‘lance. He was still in the same spot until | lost to view. Over a breesy divide down into a green vale, where rises a small creck that after awhile joins tho Rapid, tho trail was illumined by the first rays of tho risen sun, As 1 was crossing the brook « beautiful silver deer sprang from the cover’ of the wood, and afier running toward me ashort dis tance turned about suddenly and entered the shade again, ARRESTED MINERS, ‘Twenty miles brought mo to the charming yalley which cradios the Rapid Creek, a long way from the point where it begins its wild race through e&nyons and over rapids. It here purls throngh the greenest, meadows, | and the water is of a very low t re, Stopping | tatuke breuklast at ewht o'clock the animals wore and | allowed io prese until when thoy were resaddled and pack nad (ne teal as resumed. Recent tracks indicated the im one direction of a party of soldiers and in of some barefooted miners, bound toward Captain Pollock's camp. They had proba- bly been captured by a detachment of cavalry and | brought back under arrest. Infact, when I reached French Crook, | was informed that several citizens had been late- eve on Castlo Creek and were then at Camp G. N. ling. ‘The prisoners are there placed on their parole and made to promise not to attempt wo get away or to “prospect” for gold, except in the old shafts in Custer’ Gulch, This is @ politic order, in view of Sintigaliska’s demand for restitution of the is a he assumes has been taken from the Black Hills by white mon. Seven miners hi been allowed to remain until the Vege! in Custer’s Gulch by General Crook, as author. zod protectors of the property which their fruitful imaginations conceived to exist in Custer City, AN UNMILITARY STEP. ‘This measure resulted from the kindly feeling of eral Crook toward poor and self-dependent men, and of course, subject to the approval of General Sheridan or the President; but it is doubtful if it was a step that should be palliated in @ military officer who had before him nothing but the Bae duty of expulsion, as indicated in his ordors. ‘heir mitigation gives ta law-evading men a recognition to which they have no right of a pseudo title to claims which th ve seized. in the Black Hills in violation of @ treaty and the com- mands of the President. The preservation of their dis- coveries to thom when the country shall be opened ta the whites would be flagrantly unjust to the greater number of law-abiding men Who have been looking to- ward Ke-sapa with the gold lust in their hearts, but have refrained thus far trom being disobedient to the government, If the nar of the adventurers who summer could be procured just to constitute them @ jude their bearers from the posses min- sion of any claym and the privilege of ing in the Black Hills hereafter, whea the ban of treaty shall be removed. hey have boasted of the inability of the regular army to keep them out of the forbidden country, and certainly were coulident of the disinclination of tts officers. DANGERS APPREHENDED. Major A. S. Burt, of the Ninth injantry, who had pro- cured a seven days? leave of absence, joined me at the camp on French Creek on th rrival there, Captain Pollock entertained us valior style and afforded us the kindest assistance, ‘geant Bol- ling, Corporal Fisher and Private Robinson, of the ‘Third cavalry regiment, were detailed to go 'to this azency, and accordingly the party, with the addition of u despatch carrier named Willams, who acted as guide, was composed of six persons. tumors from the White River had indicated that the great council would not consume more than four days. The possibility pre- sented itself that it might disperse before we should leave the outskirts of the hills, and, if that were 80, we were in profound ignorance of the result, It was cer- tain that if there had been a lack of harmony in the powwow, and if the red men were dissatisiied, our litle party would meet, in cross- ing the plas, stores of northern bands on’ their way from the agencies, ready, like pitch fagots, for the fire- brand, It was with a sober estimate of the risk of the venture that we started from Camp Collins on Saturday to leave the bills at the naturai southern gateway, Buffalo Gap. Two sturdy pack mules carried all our baggage, The trail which we pursued to the Southern Cheyenve River was one which General Crook had passed over in August with a lurge escort when return- ingto@maha, It leads throug! cf try to the margin of the nills, @ breezy uplands of the plains, of a smaii creek. streain, on Five miles further south, on another horses to drink, we ed that its margin v with plum and ees, loaded with richly colored fruit. The plums, which were still ripening, were of a delicate reddish purple. LEAVING TR¥ FOOT HILLS. After several more miles of winding through low hills, thinly sprinkled with p we passed over & bare plateau and came upon @ perfect landscape, In the background high gray biuiis stood, ina long, sweeping crescent, in wich tere were two gaps. Through these appeared the blue vista of the plains beyond, on the extensive horizon of which lay les mauvaises terres, The larger opening in the bluffs, immediately south- cast, is Buffalo Gap, a point well known to the Indians, Neargs, within the semi-circle of blufs, is a wide basin, with ‘successive table lands, formed of great beds of gypsum and of red clay. Struggling groups of grease- Wood mark the suriace, where the grass is scant and slunied, Bullalo Gap wos the gateway by which the great herds formerly entered the hill country, to range over the rich giades and valleys in_Jate summer and au- tumn, The thousands of bleached skulls lying on the earth show that the Sioux, Crows and Cheyennes for- merly chased them there, In the higher ravines the mountain bison, smaller than he of the plains, roamed throughout the year, In Buffalo Gap, which we reached at sunset, Amplibious Creek rises suddenly from a bog of tall rushes, and tlows in a large, sullen current out into, the plains, The water has au intense sulphurous odor, like that of the Powder River. In the Gap, Which seems to have been cut through the blutts by the action of this§stream, there is & most jnterestiny exhibition of stratified formation. The mght bank of the erek is a perpendicular wall, and its smooth sur- face shows strata of tree or four contrasting colors, perfectly distinct at the margins. There are two or three shades of green, blue, gray, red and yellow. The stratas are not all af mature formation, Some are of soit sandstone; others of hardclay, 1 did not make a thorough examination, but ayn sausfed that a geologist would lind bere a chapter of rare interest in the book of nature. pping to allow th THE BAD LANDS, ‘A fow miles from Bullaio Gap, Captain Mix’s trail to the Black Hills, made last April, is joined by General Crook’s. It is now well worn. We rode two hours bj the light of the new moon before reaching the Suut Cheyenne. There we bivouacked in a strange, un- certain darkness, peculiar to ts portion of the The distance irom French Creek to the South Cheyenne is fifty miles, and, after a soldier's meagre supper, we siept soundly under some willow tep wluch had been constructed by Indians who had pre- ceded us during the summer at this spot. On Monday the march was through the celebrated Bad Lands, a barren district of white whose geology has nover becn thoroughly — invest Fossils of the eretaceous period are plentiful ome of the low hills are liverally covered with iragients of agate, formed in curious sha Jn many of the black’ banks very beautiful reptilian fossiis ‘of large size are found. The region is, in reality, a desert, and for many weary mules, afier fording the South Cheyenne we found no water, At length, as we began to descend mito the valley of the White River, our lips cracked from the heat and our tongues parched with thirst. We reached a pool of very brackich aud saline water, cles draught of this alkaline fluid produced at first a feeling of feverish sickness, but tual was succeeded by a seusution of re- Hef. INDIAN SIGNS. The trail, as we advanced, vecume crowded with the tracks of Tudian ponies and of lodge poles, In the In- dian method of transportation the jatier are dragged om the ground as they go frum place to place. The signs increased ag we neared White until there were evidences of atleast 300 lodges having moved south- d. ‘Trails gomg in an opposite direction excited tue fear taat the Uouncil had broken up aod that we would mect parties of dis-atistid and hostile braves, It is needless to say that we watched keenly the apex } of y ridge wud the depths of ev te appariuion oi valed 10 band, however, horsemen—two led ponies and two ‘pack-mules, preserved a stolid front ag we drew nearer the uuknown peril, Of ammunition we had pienty. We were armed with neodie guus, At sun. set we rode into the White River boitum, near the old Spotted Tail Agency, in full view of an Indian village, on the right bank of the stream, and liv our fire for supper. Our arrival wus vigualzed by the sudden herding of all the Indian ponies on the hills, which seemed suspicious. Supper over, the party lay down to rest. Night was made hideous by the howiing of dogs the dulied ears of our tired travellers. One of the party had become moon-biind and had to be waited upon hike achild, but soon slumber had sway over all, and only six false alarms, caused by imaginary shadowy ludians, stealing around among the bushes, momentarily broke its spell during the night. In’ the morning, it was found that we were close to the family hamlet of Sin. | tigaliska or Spotied Tai We started early im search of the Grand Council place. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. ‘The contemplated transfer of tho officers and men from the old receiving shy Vermont to the United States steam frigate Colorado has not yet been effected, Workmen are now busily engaged on the Colorado try- ing to make ber adapted to the duty assigned by the Navy Department, YThe monument of old times profligacy, the Java, | rotten from stem to stern, now lying on the stocks just as she lay years ago, is shortly to be broken up for | firewood. A vigorous thuwb could punch her ribs, and she occupies important ground, Now that winter | is near at hand, Admiral Rowan can do the benevolent aiong the poor, | “The Swatara is ordered to the Mediterranean squad- | ron, She is now fitting out, and will shortly have her | complement of officers. ‘The torpedo boat Intrepid will procoed in a few days to Newport. The United States steamer Powhatan, Captain | Jowett commanding, arrived at the Navy Yard a few days ago after a pleasant cruise through the Sound, It will be remembered that the Powhatan had just r turned from Aspinwall and that a Northern atmosphere | was necessary for all hands, m the records in the | Navy Departinent, however, it seems that the pleasant craise of the Powhatan bas been disturbed and that she hat been promptly ordered to Port aa Princo, | ‘The work on the cob dock is still progressing, and it | is thought that the building for the accommodation of | the sailors will be very soon complet ROBBING THE UUNARDERS. | ienow teas out that the robberies at the Cunard | dock, in Jersey City, have beon perpetrated for several | months without detection, Yesterday morning William Bmnith, who was arrested on the previous day, gave bail in the sum of $500 to appear for trial. Meanwhile in- format was given that one of Smith's | alicged accomplices was John Jenkins, second cook | of the Cunard Mr. Doug! the special watchin: | concénled und manic, whic * | Jenkins and found him at aix o'clock yesterday moruing b rch in the Winte Star steamer Ger. hen preparing to sai, Jenkins had a frieud amoug tho stewards of this steamer who enabled him to conceal Limvelf, He admitted that 1% was his intention to retura to England and remain Chere til the excitement 1m reyard to the robberies had’ blown over, re couveyod to Jersey Culy and committed for tri in the Indian villages, but their eioquence was lust on | -