The New York Herald Newspaper, August 31, 1875, Page 3

NEW YORK AERA LD, TUESDAY, AUGUST 31, 1875—TRIPLE SHEET. THE SICK MAN'S MORBID REGION. Map of the Danubian Principalities, Showing the Séat of the Present Insurrection Against Turkish Rule. cgrues od TURKEY'S DANGER. Bosnians and Servians Aid- ing the Rebellion. Herzegovina Forms a Government with Lynbobratich at the Head. “NOW OR NEVER!” Contradictory Stories Regarding Montenegro's Position. “YEARNING FOR WAR.” Traits and Peculiarities of the Rebel People. THE LAND OF THE INSURRECTION. Vienna, August 30, 1875. Three battalions of the Turkish expedition which landed at Kleck have reached Mos- tar, the capital of Herzegovina. They met with no opposition on the march. THE SERVIANS ENTER TURKEY. Four thousand Servians have entered Turkish territory, and encamped at Novi, where they have seized tie telegraph lines. INCITING REBELLION IN BALKAN. Bands of Servians have appeared in the Balkan mountains and are endeavoring to in- cite the Bulgarians to rise against the Porte. MONTENEGRO TO REMAIN NEUTRAL. The Political Correspondenzo says Montene- gro has completed negotiations with Turkey by which the former binds herself to remain neutral between Turkey and Herzegovina in consideration of certain territorial conces- sions. FLEEING FROM THE TURKS, The Presse says 21,000 Bosnian Christians have fled to Austrian territory. Tie whole district from the mountains to the rivers Unna and Sanna has been abandoned by the Christians and devastated by the Turks, PRINCE MILAN SAID TO HAVE ABDICATED. Rumors, deemed unreliable, however, are afloat to the effect that Prince Milan, of Ser- via, has abdicated. A LEADER FOR THE BOSNIANS, Nikitka, of Montenegro, has been ap- pointed generalissimo of the Bosnian insur- gents. VURTHER AND SEMI-OFFICIAL CONFIRMATION OF ‘THE SPREAD OF THE REBELLION—SERVIA : AND BOSNIA IN FULL REBELLION—SERVIA ORDERS HER MILITIA TO STAND IN READINESS FOR ‘MARCH, Loxvoy, August 30, 1875. A special dispatch to the Times from Berlin Bays :— There is no doubt that all of Northern Bosnia along the river Save is in full rebel- , tion. “WOMEN AND CHILDREN FLEEING FOR SAFETY. ‘The fugitives who have sought safety on Austrian soil number eight thousand, and are mostly wives and children of the rebels who have deserted their villages and made for the hills, HERZEGOVINIAN AUTONOMY. In Herzegovina the insurgents have formed a national government under Lynbobratich. THE POLITICAL CORRESPONDENZO CORRECTED. — The insurgent leaders have been assured by their Montenegrin friends that very shortly all Montenegro will come to their assistance. ’ SERVIA PREPARING FOR WAR, In Servia military preparations continue. At Belgrade the War Office ha ordered the arms and accoutrements of the militia, in- cluding surgical apparatus, to be made ready for immediate inspection, THE MILITIAMEN READY FOR ACTION. The Seryian militiamen have been directed to provide themselves with three days’ food should they be called out, Provisions are being stored in the fortresses. Arrangements have been made to seize all the horses in the country. OFFICIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF REBELLION’S SPREAD. The steady growth of the rebellion may be inferred from the following passage in the Montenegrin official journal, the Glas Cer- nagoz:— ““YEARNING FOR WAR,” The insurrection is fast assuming for- midable dimensions, Symptoms of serious designs multiply. Men are yearning for war and oily-tongued diplomacy {is impotent to prevent them. This time insurrection is sure to result in emancipation, Not the rulers but the nations will decide what is to be done. If the rebellion becomes general Servia and Montenegro will not be idlespectators. Now or never! i ADDITIONAL CONFIRMATION OF THE INCREASED WAR SPIRIT. The Berlin correspondent of the Times telegraphs that Northern Bosnia is involved in full rebellion against the Porte, The insurgents of Herzegovina have estab- lished a national government. Montenegro and Servia are actively prepar- ing for war. The official press of Montenegro does not conceal its sympathy with the movement, THE REGION IN REBELLION. ‘The war speck is again on the Eastern horton. The world is once more called to look upon another of the long series of convulsions which have, for seventy years, portended the demise of the “Sick Man,’ Dalma- tia, Montenegro and Crete haye, of late years, given us in turn a sample of these throes, To-day Herzegovina challenges the attention of Cabinets, and, for so small a strip of territory, enjoys an importance of which, pos- sibly, its inhabitants aro hardly aware, As no question gives more anxiety to the various governments of Eu- rope than the Eastern one, and as no other is fraught with such vast issues, the HERALD to-day gives ite readers a map of the theatre of the present and pos- sible future conflict, as well ag a brief geographical and political sketch of the same, Herzegovina is herself but a small factor in this ques- tion, She is important simply as representing the sym- pathies and aspirations of the entire Slave population of Southern Europe; but as she is more prominently and immediately engaged in confilet with the Porte, she will be dealt with first. RERGOVINA AS IT 19, Herzegovina—z. ¢., the Duchy (Turkish Hersek)—is the most southern and southwestern portion of the ejalet of Bosnia As will be seen from the map, it is bounded on the north and east by Bosnia, on the south by Mon- tenegro, on the west and southwest by Dalmatia, and touches the Adriatic at two points—vix, at Sutorina and Longitude East at Porte-Kleck, behind the peninsula of Sabioncello, In general terms, this little territory may be said to form a kind of cup, while the frequent récurrence of cup-like depressions is one of the characteristic features of the mterior. Its area is computed at about 6,101 square miles; the inhabitants number some 254,000, of whom 107,000 are Mohammedans and 147,000 Christians. Of the latter 112,000 belong to the Greek and 35,000 to the Roman Catholic Church, It is divided Into three liwas or provinces—Mostar, Trebigne and Taschlydscha, Mostar, the capital, is a tolerably well built town, situated on both banks of the Narenta, at the foot of the Welesch Mountain. It has 18,000 in- habitants, among whom tnere are only sixty Catholic aud 5,000 Greek families. Trebigne, now besieged by the Herzegovinians, has 3,000 inhabitants, and Fotscha 10,000, nearly all Turks. The last mentioned place is celebrated for the quality of its sword blades. The two fortresses, Stolatz and Kolaschin, are well known in military history. ‘The early fate of this little strip of territory need not be dwelt upon, It will suffice to say that it passed successively under the dominion of Bos- mia and Hungary until made tributary by the Turks in 1463, and finally subjugated by them in 1483, In 1832 Sultan Mahmoud made it an independent vizierdom, in order to reward the Captain of Stolatz, Ali-Aga Risvan- begovich, for his fidelity during the insurrection of the Bosnian Turks. The general character ot the country is mountainous; indeed, the traveller is surprised at the small amount of valley land and its narrowness. In this respect it is a kind of exaggerated Tyrol. The cli- mate i8 mild and healthy, Agriculture is pursued in the plains to a considerable extent. Wheat, corn, flax, vegetables, fruit, and especially grapes, are produced, and their production would be mach more considerable had not the Turkish system of exaction wrought here precisely the same effects as were produced in Ireland by rack rents and middlemen up to withm the last ten years, Where rapacity and extortion lay a penalty upon courageous toil, stagnation and industrial paral- ysis are always the result, Of this more anon, The country is covered with forests of chestnut trees, on the fruit of which the cattle are chiefly fed, Deer, game and fish abound here, The precious and other metals exist in great abundance, but mining is almost entirely neglected, for the most excellent reason that the miner Is sure that the aga (tax-gathorer) would “an- nex” the proceeds of his labor. Trade and manufae- tures, such as they are, are confined chiefly to the few cities, Firearms, sword blades and Knives are almost the only manufucture, and none know the ust of them better than the Herzegovinians and their neighbors, The refusal of the Turkish troops to march tnto the passes, lately telegraphed here, is a tolerably conclu- sive evidence of this, The Turk likes fighting behind @ wall, but is bad at standing a pot shot from an ambush. © * The inhabitants of Herzegovina and the neigh- boring countries, Servia and Bosnia, are, as a gen- eral rule. rude and rough, as well as dedant and repulsive to strangers. They are brave, bold, inclined to plunder and cruelty, but in their domestic relations are peaceful and upright. They are, besides, industrious, temperate and splendid horsemen. Such are the main features of the country and the distinguishing traits of itapopulation. But the uninitiated in the present broil would greatly underrate the seriousness of the out- break if they circumscribed its moral extent by the geographical boundaries of the country. Servia, Mon- tenegro, Dalmatia, Bosnia—indeed, all the western dependencies of the Porte—are animated, as far as the Christians are concerned, by the same spirit which impels a handful of mountaineers in Herzegovina to defy the power of the Ottoman. Of these the most im. portant is Servia, It will be proper, therefore, to. devote & moment or two to the consideration of her immediate past, her people and resources, Servia (Turkish Syrp) is @ principality owing allegiance to the Sublime Porte. It is divided from the Austrian military frontier by the rivers Save and Danube, On the east it is bounded by Wallachia and Bulgaria, on the southeast by Turkish Servia and on the southwest by Bosnia. Its area ts about 22,464 square miles. The knotty mountain range of the Rudnik in Middle Servia is the great stratogical point. The battle fields of Servia will be found, should things come to extremities, in the terrace-like, elevated valleys that run from the marshes of the Save and Danube toward the south. These valleys are connected by very narrow passes and gorges. The country is exceedingly well wooded, In 1865 the population of Servia amounted to somewhat over 1,500,000 souls, not Counting the gypsies, who are very numerous, There are some forty towns ‘and over 2,000 villages in this principality, The people belong to the Servian-Slave race, It may be as well, for future purposes, to state here that the word “Slave” is used to designate au Indo-Germanic race, more nearly akin to the Lithuanian than to any other, Some derive the word from slawa, glory; others from slowo, eloquent, It may surprise those unacquainted with these matters to learn that the Sinve race comprises the Russians, Poles, Bohemian the Of the Principalities and of almost all Turkey tu Europe, and that this groat fumily at present counts about inhabitants | MN from. 18 Greenwich 78,000,000 children, It will subsequently be seen that it is important to bear this fuct in mind. The inhabi- tants of Servia are distinguished for bodily strength and beauty; ardent, poetical minds, peculiar manners and customs, to which time will not allow a reference, and a great Jove for music and freedom, They are one of the most gifted and promising branches of the Slave race. It {s, consequently, no wonder that the Porte fears the community of ideas existmg between them and the Herzegovinians. The trade of the country would be very great were it not for the lack of rail- ways, It is nominally under the suzerainty of the Porte, and pays a yearly tribute of 2,300,000 piastres. The autonomy of the country was settled at the Treaty Of Paris, in 1856, "Its capital fs Belgrade, of which it is necessary to say nothing here, inasmuch as its history is generally well known in connection with the earlier invasions of the Turks. It is much more important to know that by the treaty of Belgrade (1739) Turkey be- came possessed of the whole of Servia. The Porte, ac- cording to its custom in conquest, left the Servians the enjoyment of thelr own constitution, probably because too lazy to make one for them, but utterly wore out their patience by the arbitrary tyranny of the pachas and the frightful atrocities of the janissaries. The latter simply plundered the land as thought had been a city taken by storm. An {ngurrection was the result. George Czerny, surnamed the “Black,” defeated the ‘Turks in several battles, stormed Belgrade and re: gained the independence of the country. The inter- vening portion of Servia’s history is unimportant for present purposes. RUSSIA'S RELATIONS TO THE SITUATION, In 1842 Russia appeared on the scene, and from that time to the pregont has never turned her eyes away from this principality. And here, be it stated, wo have probably the main reason of these periodically recurring revolts, Although during the troubles of 1848-9, in which the Austrian monarchy nearly foundered, Servia was internally undisturbed, still the presence of a Russian army in Austria called into existence a patriotic Slave party, Whose alm was to drive Islam out of Europe, and with this view, strove with might and main after an alliance with Russia, The Montenegrin revolt of 1852-3 only intensifled this feeling. Servia was prevented from trying con- clusions with the Crescent simply by a government that did not represent the popular feeling, and the threatened hostility of surrounding Powers. Previous to this, however, in 1838, the presence of Turkish troops in the fortresses of Servia and of Turks in the quarter of Belgrade, similar to the Jewsh Ghetto in Rome, gave rise to bloody coniliets. Again, {i 1862, the feeling between the Tarks and Christians, consequent upon the revolt in Bosnia, Herzegovina and Montenegro, became so bitter that the Christian population of Belgrade stormed the Turkish quarter and drove the Osmanlis into the fortress itself, During a truce agreed upon for purposes of treating, the Turkish commander bombarded the eity, and only desisted upon the indig- nant remonstrances of the foreign consuls, The state of things was considered so serious that it occupied the attontion of Austria, France, Great Britain, Italy, Pras- sia and Russia, at Constantinople. These Powers saw that any extension of the theatre of hostilities would lead to a general European war, und, as war is an ex pensive and hazardous thing, they thought it better to solve the difficulty provisionally in a peaceful fushion, France was recovering from the war of 1859, Austria was exhausted; England was apathetic; Russia expectant, but timid; Italy nowhere if not engaged in pulling down Italian thrones, and Prossia = Was preparing for her — short and bloody conflict with Austria in 1866, The mutual distrust of the great Powers induced them to postpone the division of the ‘Sick Man's” inheritance, ‘The Crimean war was but one phase ‘of the question of which the revolt in Herzegovina is another. The pro- tectorate of Russia over the Christians of tho East was disputed by England and France, and led to that bloody war, The French occupation of Syria and of the Morea were led up to by the same causes. It would be an un- grateful task to givea detailed account of the per- petually recurring revolts in the European dominions of the Porte. Hardly a year passes that dows not witness astruggle between the Padischa and his Christian sab- jects, It may be generally assumed that well governed people do not rebel. But the causes of these revolts lie much deeper than in mere temporary misgoveriiment, ‘These causes will now be briefly disenssed, THE CHRISTIANS HLIGHTING HATRED. ‘The first is the inveterate hatred existing between the Turk and the Christian in the East. The animosity ofa vanquished toward a conquered race is one that will perpetuate itself for centuries where the races do not become fused. If disparity of ereed be added we have all that is hecessary to perpetuate such hatred, It would be a difficult matter to give the real measure of the rancor mutually entertained to: ward cach other by the Obristian and Moslem. It can be best done by comparison. Tho tevling of the South toward the North at the conclusion of our late war was mot one of any vory overpowering tenderness, A SPanscova BELGRADE Munster Catholic is not generally credited with any ex- hausting affection for an Orangeman, A Pole is not expected to love a Russian, Such antipathies as these, however, pale before the fierce, blighting hatred which the Christian of the Levant fosters toward the Osmanli, ‘The latter is to him the Incarnation of misgovernment, rapacity, cruelty and vice in their worst forms. Nor are these ideas without some show of justification. Unless one has travelled in Turkey it is difficult, even from the best books of travel, to form any adequate idea of the frightful condition of her European depend- encies, The groans of their Christian inhabitants rarely reach the ear of Western Europe. The printing press is but little known outside the great cities. It is only when their furious _ hatred culminates in a rebellion that we are reminded of the grinding oppression under which they live. The representations of the Western Powers induced the late Sultan to attempt some reform, but he might as well attempt to reform the New York Custom House or the police. The Governor of an outlying Turkish Province is simply a tax-gatherer with quasi-despotic powers. He is not unlike the old Roman proconsul. He has two things to do—to send money to Constantinople and to get rich. . As there is no system of assessment, the Aga wrings as much as he chooses out of the inhabi- tants, and woe to the recalcitrant, The monstrous pro- digality of the Sultan renders tt impossible, even for the most zealous extortion, to supply the required funds. So Turkey is virtually bankrupt, and is only propped up by periodical loans, taken up chiefly in Eng- land. And when wag a bankrupt State known to be merciful? Superadded to these irritating causes is the Pansla- Vonic idea permeating the various races forming the great Slave family. In all their broils with the Turk they have looked up to Russia, and in Ler mediation, bucked by 1,750,000 soldiers, they have always found a cautious but irresistible friend against the Porte. What Russia failed to accomplish in her struggle against Eng- land and France in the Crimea she has ever since per- sistently pursued, and would seem to-day to be on the point of achieving it, She has carefully nursed herself has reorganized her army, has covered her southern and western dominions with a net of military railways, and bas used her agents as no other Power in Europe understands how to use them. The consequence is that even an insignificant State like Herzegovina behaves toward Turkey like a small boy counting on a very big brother, or like a man in New York short of supplies who has unlimited resources in California, Meanwhile Russia looks on, and by means of these semi-indepen- dent States feels the sick man’s pulse. Whether she will now proclaim to the world that he is moribund or not cannot for some short time be sald; but the world itself can see that a crisis is at hand, With one more consideration this part of. the question willbe dismissed. Certain —_dis- euses are’ contagious ‘in man, Given _ political ideas are contagious among nations. Among Western nations the Freneh Revolution has by no means ex- hausted its influence. The autonomy of kindred races is the great political idea fermenting in Kurope to-day. Italy achieved hers in 185-1866; Germany compassed her fusion in 1870-1871, And, to go back turther, Greece wrung her independence from the Porte at the end of the first quarter of this century, ‘The nationalities sur- rounding her have ever since had their eyes bent upon the same goal, and there is not one of them that can- not to-day give us, in his own tongue, that which Byron wrote:— For freedom’s battle once began, Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son, ‘Though vuttted oft, is ever wou, THE SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. TENTS STRUCK YESTERDAY—THEIR HOMEWARD MARCH—THETR ARRIVAL IN NEW YORK EX+ PRCTED AT NINE O'CLOCK YHIS MORNING, Sroxixoroy, Conn., August 20, 1875, The Seventy-first regiment struck tents to-day at Oakland Beach at balt-past twelve o'clock, The regi- mont embarked on the steamer Sunshine at half-past two P, M for Providence and disembarked there at four o'clock, The troops formed open column in eight com- mands of fourteen files front, at the pier. Delegations from the United Train of Artillery, First regiment of Rhode Island infantry, Providence Horse Guards, Provi- dence Marine Corps of Artillery, under the command of General Miller, Second brigade of Rhode Island Militia, received the Seventy-first on the pier, The Woops, marched through ‘the principal streets, halted in Exebange place, stacked arms and went to Harvard Hall, where a collation awaited them, Major General W, P.’ Walker here recoived the New York regi- ment and made « farewell speech to the men, Colonel Vose, on behalf of bis command, responded in appro: riate terms. The Seventy-tirst regiment then took Rave of their frionds, marched. to. Kachange place, took up arms’ and bowrded a. special train, provided for them, to Stonington, They lett Providence at half-past five o'clock, and, after a stop of five minutes at Kingston, arrived here at twenty utes to eight. ‘The troops marched in column, by com panies, through Main, Water and other prinerpal streots of Stonington, to the pier, where they weut on board the steamer Narragansett, bound for New York. The streets along the line of march in Stonington were decorated with the national colors, Cheers and fire works greeted the troops during the march. A large concourse of people were assembled to welcome the re- turning militiamen. A hop in honor of the occasion took place at the Wadwanuck Hotel. The troops le! Stonington at midnight and are expected to arrive at pote North River, New York, to-morrow about nine OBITUARY. ee aE ee HENRY K. BOGERT, Henry K, Bogert, one of New York’s oldest and most respected merchants, died at Saratoga Springs yester- day, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. Mr. Bogert Was born at Whitestone, L, I,, and was one of twelve children, not one of whom died under seventy years of age, Mr, Bogert commenced his business career in the well-known shipping and commission house of Bogert & Kneeland, of William street, of which firm his fathey Was a partner. about the year 1819, He and a son af Mr. Kneeland superseded their fathers several yeart jater and carried on the business under the same firm name up to five years ago, At the time of his death Mr. Bogert held positions of trust in several public im stitutions, among which were the New York Life In- surance Company, the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Com. pany and the Union Trust Company, oft he first named of which he was one of the incorporators, He was ped the most generally known merchants of this city, his associates in business testify to his honesty of pur- pose and strength of character all through life. He wag an active member of the Calvary Protestant Episcopa) Hebe of this city, and leaves a widow and several DR. WASHINGTON RITTER, At his residence, Morrisania, yesterday morning, died Washington Ritter, M. D., in the seventy-first year of his age. Dr, Ritter was born in this city, and most of his life was spent here. He was a student under Dr. Valentine Mott, and wasa warm admirer of that great surgeon. Owing to a paralytic stroke brought ‘on by too close application to medical studies and the duties of his profession, Dr. Ritter was obliged much ta his regret to relimquish active practice it this years ago, He always took a keen and intelligent in- torest in everything pertaining to his professian. was a yenial hearted, kind man, and in personal appears nee and manner was a fine specimen of a ‘gentleman of the old school.” He will loug be mourned by his fam, ily and a large number of attached friends, REV, DANIEL VANDEVERE. ‘The Rey. Daniel Vandevere, the minister attached to the Shiloh Presbyterian church (colored), No. 140 Sixth avenue, of which the Rey. Dr. Garnet is pastor, wag killed yesterday morning at Long Branch by being run over by atrain of coal cars, Mr, Vandevere left the city on Saturday to spend the Sunday at Long Branch, and was on his way home when the accident occurred which resulted in his death, He had just stepped from a passenger car at the depot of the New Jersey Southern Railroad and was in the act of crossing the siding when the train overtook him. His body was completely ‘ed into two parts. Deceased was born in Prince J., and was in the sixty-eighth year of his age, When quite a young man he prepared himself for the ministerial profession, and at his death had beep forty years a clergyman, As far back as 1837 he “had charge of the colored mission at Troy, where he Jabored for a number of years undol the rules of the Methodist denomination.” During hit career as a Methodist he was attached to seve churches in this State and in Connecticut, About fif- teen years ago he joined the Presbyterian denomina- tion and has since remained in that fold. Four years ago he resigned his pastorate at Elizabeth, N, J. came to this city as assistant to Rey. Dr. Garnet, if whose care the Mission in West Thirtieth street had recently been placed. Mr. Vandevere ministered ip this field with great assiduity, and with all the zeal and earnestuess of a man much younger in years, His duties lay principally among the poorest of the colored people, and were both constant and arduous, He leaves a wife, but no children, The body arrived in this city yesterday afternoon and was at once conveyed to the Uasertes 5 Ryne M4 will glock, "im Shiloh chures"S when, at half-past three o’cloe! church, funeral service will be held. JOHN 8 GANSON, BANKER, A despatch dated at Buffalo announces that John & Gasnon, President of the Buffalo, New York andRrie Bank, of that city, died there yesterday morning after an illness of five weeks, aged seventy-three years. Mr. Ganson was reared in Genesee county, was in early life uy a banker at Batavia. He removed thence to Bullalo about twenty-five year: and with other capitalists founded the New York ‘and Erie Bank, which he has since mainly controled witb great success. He was marked for his genial manners, strict probity, large intelligence and sound business judgment. He was beloved by a large circle of friends ohure ‘business and respected by the community ef Western New York, J. HH, SEPARKS, J. H. Separks, Mayor of Raleigh, N. C., died yester day morning of pneumonia and erysipelas, after a brief iliness, He was esteemed by all F iaapen’ and bis death isashock to the community, His funeral took piace yesterday, THE AMERICAN TEAM. MASONIC OVATION TO MAJOR FULTON. Major Henry Fulton being a member of Progressive Lodge of Freemasons in Williamsburg, all the lodgos of the Order in, the Eastern District joined preter 4 in tendering him a reception and banquet, wi took, place in the banqueting balkof De: itt Clinton Goxa. mandery. Dr, Churles R. Doane, Master of Lodge, presided, The aiair pasned off with