The New York Herald Newspaper, August 24, 1875, Page 5

LONG BRANCH. The Seaside Politicians on the Speakership. SOUTH AND WEST IN ACCORD Randall, of Pennsylvania, the Probable Speaker. Lona Brancu, August 23, 1875. The prospect of the next Speakership of the House of Representatives is discussed with much interest among the politicians from all sections who have come to Long Branch this summer to invigorate themselves for tho fall and winter campaign with the sea air and surf bathing. Every one concedes that the question of the Presidential candidacy on the democratic side will enter largely into the contest for the Speaker's chair, and that the decision of the democratic Congressional cau- cus will foreshadow with tolerably reliable distinctness the leading features of the policy that will control the action of the Democratic National Convention. There is an evident disposition on the part of the South to co-opetate with the West in the formation of the Presidential ticket, and the natural preliminary of’ this projected union of the two sections must be harmonious action in the choice of the Speaker, The names here- tofore prominently mentioned for the office are those of Fernando Wood and §. S. Cox, of New York; Randall, of Pennsylvania, and Kerr, of Indiana, and these are the members whose chances have generally been dis- cussed, although it is not considered altogether improb- able that some new candidate may carry off the prize. As matters now stand, Randali would, undoubtedly, have the advantage over his competitors but for one ob- stacle, The Southern members are said to be united in the determination to press the Texas Pacific Railroad and to elect no“person to the Speakership by their votes who is not known to be friendly to that scheme, Ran- dall Is recognized as its opponent, and this interferes with what would, under other circumstances, be the Clear policy of the combined sections. THE SOUTH AND WEST COURTING PENNSYLVANIA, ‘This will be better understood when the situation, as viewed by well informed persons, is explained. Tocom- mence with New York. There are two candidates for the Speakership from that State and a prominent candi- date for the Presidency, Neither Fernando Wood nor Sunset Cox can at present unite the New York delega- tion. Governor Tilden is doing his best to prevent such aresult, because he does not desire that his prospects for the Presidential nomination shall be injured by the capture of the Speakership by New York. Without a united delegation to present his name neither Wood nor Cox would be likely to secure the caucus nomi- nation, Hence Tilden will Jabor to keep the New York delegation divided. Kerr is popular man and would unite his delegation, but the chances of Hendricks’ nomination for the Presi- dency have recently improved so much that Indiana may be willing to push from her the Speakership in order to secure the more valuable prize, The South and the West are courting the friendly aid of Pennsyl- vaniain the Presidential Convention, and would give * her the Speakership for Randall unhesitatingly, but for the drawback, so far as the South is concerned, of his position on the Texas Pacific Railroad question, Penn- sylvania has no available candidate for the Presidency, ‘and would be glad to take the Speakership; so if the lit- tle difficulty about the railroad can be adjusted it is thought that Randall may preside over the next House of Representatives. THE MERITS OF THR CANDIDATES, So far as the qualifications of the candidates whose names have been discussed are concerned, the opinion geems to prevail that Fernando Wood would make the best Speaker. Sam Cox is a favorite; but a funny fel- Jow in the Speaker’s chair would be like a low com- edian in one of Shakespeare's great historical plays. Every politician insists that Randall would be more valuable to his eparty on the floor than in the higher position, and his admirable party management at the close of Jast session {s cited in support of that opinion. Kerr is in every way competent, but he does not count so many points in his favor as does Fernando Wood. A Speaker should entertain more elegantly than the Prosi- dent, and Fernando Wood is famous for the magnificence of his hospitality. A Speaker should posssess wealth, and Fernando isrich, A Speaker should possess dignity, and Fernando’s white mustache dignifies ite owner, A Speaker should be prompt and firm, well versed in the tricks of legislation, capable of commanding respect and controlling the House in its wildest moments; shrewd enongh to detect and strong enough to check harmfal legislation, and withal possessed of such suavity ‘and courteousness of manner as to carry the House with him in the promotion of desirable measures, All of these qualifications Fernando Wood possesses in a marked degree. Nevertheless, the impression prevails among the Western and Southern politicians that he will not succeed, but that the Speakership of the next Congress will go to Pennsylvania. 4 CONGRESSMAN ELECT ON TM SPEAKBRSILY AND TAM- MANY. Smith Fly, Jr., Congressman elect from New York, who is spending afew days at the West Eng Hotel, in- clines to the opinion that Randall will be the next Speaker, but he gives a novel and singular reason for the probable defeat of both the New York candidates. He concedes that Governor Tilden is working against ‘the success of either Wood or Cox, in the hope of keep- ing the chances of New York in the Presidential Con- vention clear from any embarrassment that might arise through concession of the Speakership to that State. But he does not believe that New York will get the Presidential nomination, or that her political leaders de- sire it. His theory is that Tammany wants the nomi- nation of Vice President on the national ticket, and wants it for no less a person than William H. Wick- ham, at present Mayor of New York. Preposterous as this idea appears at first, Congressman Ely backs it up with plausible argument. + WICKHAM POR VICE PRESIDENT. His views are set forth in the conversation to which the suggestion led. i Q Do you believe that Mr. Wickham would bo regarded as a competeut person for the position of President of the United States Senate? | Mr. Ery—Well, the world ig Apt to take people at the valuation they put upon themselves, Mayor Wickham has a way of making himself appear the most important figure in all affairs in which he is an actor. He has a certain bonhomie that is attractive; he looks sagacious, has a good share of self-estimation, a strong voice and a powerful way of bursting upon the notice of others. Then he has been successful. He has really beaten Governor Tilden badly in the fight over the municipal offices and has compelled the Governor to give way and yield to all his demands, : é Q But why should Tammany prefer Wickham for Vice President to Tilden for President? Mr. ELy—The Tammany leaders would not desire to have Governor Tilden made President of the United States if it were in their power to command the nom- ination. He has altogether too much independence. No person could tell who he might choose to make Collector of the Port of New York, or who his postmasters, inter- nal revenue officers, marshals, &¢., might be. Tho Governor was in sympathy with the opponents of the Tammany leaders up to a recent date, and the disciplin- ing that took place in Tammany Hall was, in fact, tho disciplining of the Governor and not of the lesser poli- ticians, who were turned out of the organization. It was the action against Morrissey and the pthers that brought the Governor into a realizing sense of his own danger, and mado him yield to Mayor Wickham. Such a man as Governor Tilden in the Presidency would be worse than useless to Tammany—he would be a danger. On the other hand, with a President from the West, as he most probably will be, the Vico President, Wickham, would control the New York federal appointments, and Tammany would get the collector, the postmaster and all the other offices, So the object of Tammany is to get the Vico Presidency for William H. Wickham, and, as there could not well be a Speaker of the House and a President of the Senate both from New York, the Tammany leaders ‘Will seo to it that neither Wood nor Cox is successful. Tammany can defeat them, while Tilden might not be _ Able to do so, Congressman Ely inclines to the belief that the choice ‘will fall upon Randall, of Pennsylvania, and that the elerkship will go to the South, Colonel Banks, of Mia-_ NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, siseippi, is the prominent candidate for the latter po- sition from that section, THB LONG BRANCH REGATTA. The Long Branch regatta has been postponed until Wednesday, in consequence of the weather, which is very unfavorable to-day, It has been raining steadily since morning, with a slight intermission about one o'clock; but the wind is now shifting and there is a prospect of clearer skies, The track will be somewhat heavy to-morrow, but is in good condition, The healthful steadiness of the weather at the Branch is seen from the record of the thermometer, kept daily at the West End Hotel at seven A. M. and three P. M., which shows for the whole month, from the lst to the 22d, # variation only of from seventy to eighty-twe de- grees, 4 INDOOR AMUSEMENTS, At the West End to-day the parlors and halls were crowded with the guests, and dancing, music and some amateur singing whiled away the time between the breakfust and dinner hours, ; POLITICAL NOTES. In Maine the September election will have for one of its effects the adoption or rejection by the people of a series of constitutional amendments, the most impor- tant of which provide for general laws as opposed to special legislation, for the Executive appointment of municipal judiciary and police and for the exclusion from the right of suffrage for ten years of all persons bribing or being bribed at elections. ‘The New Jersey democratic newspapers are opposing the proposed constitutional amendments prepared by the commission last year. When the proposed amend- ments were made the New Jersey press, aided by the press of New York, was almost unanimous in praise of the wisdom of the commission; but now that the problem of acceptance or rejection has come to be a campaign question, the democrats are wary of the amendments, But even the republican journals are not satistied with the vagueness of some of the amendments, and so cattious a paper as the Paterson Press, while denouncing opposition, is com- pelled to suggest a Catholic issue on the question of appropriations for sectarian purposes, and to throw the Catholics of Northern New Jersey into the democratic party. It appears, therefore, that tho sectarian con- test has reached dull little New Jersey. The Toledo (Ohio) Commercial, referring to a recent note in the Heraup on the religious issue in Ohio, says that an arrangement has been made between Gov- ernor Allen and Archbishop Purcell by which the scheme for dividing the school fund has been tem- porarily silenced; and it adas that the Hxzatp “‘under- stands things.’? Mr. Congressman Lamar, who is doubtless to be the democratic candidate for Vice President, is the author of the Mississippi democratic platform, That gentle- man, who is posing for a nomination, and who, no doubt, is posing ina very graceful manner, has beaten down the color line in politics in that State and has invited the negroes to vote for or with the democratic party. Yet some of the democratic journals in the South are criticising Mr. Lamar because they do not want to affiliate even politically with the negro, That is, they do not want to bite off their own noses to spite their faces, Mr. C. C, Falton, of the Baltimore American, is urged for Governor of Maryland because he is a churchman and an old Know Nothing. Senator Anthony, genial in election times and un- genial in other times, says that Congress must repeal the Postal law which increased the rates of postage. Possibly Senator Anthony may discover that the repub- licans did it and that the democrats will undo it, Governor Allen's threatened withdrawal as the demo- cratic candidate in Ohio reminds soveral of his contem- poraries of the pull-back fashion. Now that Presidential candidates are threatened with paralysis many people are giving greater attention than usual to the selection of candidates for Vice President. Senator McDonald, of Indiana, refuses to class himself among the rag-a-mufiins, Andrew Johnson's successor as United States Senator from Tennessee, Daniel McKendree Key, who has been appointed ad interim by Governor Porter, was before the war a democrat, and he served on the Breckinridge electoral ticket in 1860. Before the war he was a mem- ber of the Tennessee Legislature. During the war he was a Confederate soldier, and was lieutenant colonel of an East Tennessee regiment, In 1870, upon the adoption of the new constitution by Tennesseo, he was elected Chancellor for the Chatta- nooga division of the State, It was Chancellor Key who was defeated for Congress, in 1872, by the Granger Crutchfield, who wears his pantaloons in his boots and discards shirt collars, Governor Porter appointed Ghancellor Key to the position of United States Senator because he had served with him in the Constitutional Convention, and the Governor knew the Chancellor’s abilities, He is not expected to make any political sen- sation. He is not in favor of a speedy resumption of specie payments, and is sectional in his political ideas. His personal appearance is prepossessing—tall and com- manding, with @ massive head, his hair and beard tinged with gray, and a general expression that fs a fair index to his character. He is fifty-two years old, and full of health and vigor. He is popular, a good speaker, well-informed and must make an excellent Senator. Even the radical paper at Chattanooga congratulates the State on his ap- pointment. His identification with the interests of Chattanooga will lead him to urge the opening of the Tennesseo River, and perhaps cause him warmly to ad- vocate the great water line of which that river is to form an important part. The Grand Army of the Republic post of Winnebago county, Illinois, is composed of so good republican sol- diers that they would not permit Jefferson Davis to tell them how to make butter and cut buckwheat. Such martial bravery deserves no buckwheat cakes during the coming winter, Alexander H. Stephens believes that old Bill Allen, of Ohio, is to be the next President. Hard money democrats are turning toward Governor Hendricks, of Indiana, because that statesman is repre- sented by Senator McDonald to be in favor of specie resumption and opposed to the rag-a-muffins, Congressman-elect John H. Reagan, formerly Post- master General of the Southern Confederacy, is ex- pected to make @ considerable sensation in the next House, No doubt he will be put on the Committee on Post Roads, Judge Jere, Black is preparing a reply to Senator Sar- gents recent charge that the Judge had something to do with fraudulently receiving money while he was Attorney General, THE TRAMPS, A LEADEN REMEDY. The Philadelphia Evening, Chronicle says:—Uniess “tramping” and housebreaking become less preva- lent and tramps less impudent and. vicious somebody will make a good thing of it by establishing a‘gal- lery for pistol practice by ladies, for it is very evident that nothing short of a loaded revolver in the hands of expert females or males, as the case may be, will bring these roving scoundrels to their senses. An establish- ment such as suggested would be well patronized. MAINE'S HUMAN LOCUSTS. A correspondent of the Boston Journal, writing from Augusta, Me., last week, gave the following:—“Our State is beginning to be overrun with tramps, Tho presence of these vagabonds is striking terror, for everywhere they go they are sure to commit depreda- tions of some kind. In some instances their crimes have been of a more serious character than that of steal- ing money or watches, their favorite booty. Quite a number of citizens who never were known to keep fire- arms in their houses are supplying themselves with weapons for protection against these lawless itinerants, Woe met a gentleman on the train the other day, a man ofan hey gs gi amiable disposition, who never pulled a trigger in hfs life. He cor ‘ed @ seven-shooter, and in a resolute voice remarked, ‘This is for tramps, if they come to my house.’ The tramp question is exciting an unusual share of attention; and as the vagabonds be- come more insolent in their demands for food, and their thieving grows more general, our local authorities aro beginning to take the matter in hand as they should. In this city more than half of the inmates of the jail of late are tramps who aro given quarters for the night.”” VERMONT'S PERIPATETICS, The Rutland, Vt., Herald says that a seedy look- ing tramp, @ new arrival in town, amused quite a party of loafers who were hanging around a well known liquor saloon yesterday morning. He was ap- parently suffering from a carousal the evening pre- vious, and evidently thought a “good drink” would toné him up. He approached the bartender and de- manded a glass of whiskey. This he received and it was soon swallowed, iping his hps and feeling through his pockets, he politely asked whether the bar. tender could change a $20 bill. The reply was in the affirmative, and the tramp, after looking around to seo that the coast was clear. vamoused, saying, a8 his ragged coattail disappeared through the door, “I’m going out to bunt up somebody that’s got one.” THE TRAMPS AND THE RAILROADS. ‘The Boston and Albany Company have been troubled excessively by these nomadic wanderers, who ase the railroad as a highway in their travels on account of di- rectness, and who do all sorts of mischief, if not worse, along the line, robbing depots, — cars, annoying section men in various ways, “inti! the conipany felt obliged to enforce the law hos one batch asa whole- some warning to the rest. The law provides for a fine of from $5 to $50 for walking upon a@ railroad track, and as these men had no money the lowest limit of the Jaw was imposed, with the alternative of thirty days in the House of Correction, WATERING PLACE ARRIVALS. LONG BRANCH, Wesr Exp Horet.—Judge J. L. Jewett and family, of Philadelphia; Baron Gedalia, of Copenhagen; Mrs. General Barnes and Miss Barnes, of Washington; L. G. E. Stone and family, of Cincinnati; H. 0. Stone and wife and E. L. Pike and family, of Chicago; Jules Lazerac and family and Mrs. F. B. Wallace and family, of New York; Rev. H. P. Kelly, of Dublin, Ireland; Hngo Frosberg, of Copenhagen; Seth W. Hale and family; E, R. Jobnes and family and ', 8. Babbitt and family, of New York; Leopold Morse and Godfrey Morse, of Boston; James Bingham of Philadelphia; W. T. Zctlon, United States Navy; Colonel H. Munnik- huysen; Upshur Johnston and ’C. P. Montague and family, of Baltimore; Judge Robert 8. Green, of Eliza- beth, N. J.; Dr. J. Wheaton Smith and Dr. Jane and family, of Philadelphia; P. C. Lounsbury and family, of Norwich, Conn. ; Samuel Wetmore and Mrs, Boerum, of New York; 8, Steinam, of La Crosse, Wis. ; H. Darling- tonandS, M. Felton, Jr., of Pittsburg;’ Gardner K. Colby and family, of New York; James Davidson, of Japan; D. M. Macferra and family, of Allegheny City; Rev. Dr. Burchard and family and’ R. P, Noah, of New York; Governor H. C. Warmoth, of Louisiana. RICHFIELD SPRINGS, Srrixg Hovse,—Senator Kernan and son, Utica; Mrs, Governor Bullock and Miss Bullock, Worcester, Mass. ; George 8. Leland, Sturtevant House, New York} Mrs. F. 8. Winston, Mr James Winston, Dr, Howard Pinkne and family, W. C. Wilson, 8B. Gary, David Lano, W. H. Perrine, Mrs. F, W. Frasor, A. W, Frazer and Dr, J. 0, Conover, New York; Senator Conkling, Utica; Judge Ward Hunt and wife, United States Supreme Court; Dr. George Clymer, United States Navy; Hon, H. N. Lock- wood and wife, Auburn; Hon, H, 0. Moss and family, New Berlin; Judge Charles Mason and wife, Utica; Mr. and Mrs) Houston Church, Savannah, NIAGARA FALLS, Among the late arrivals at Niagara Falls, are:— Lieutenant Governor Dorsheimer and wile, of Butilo; Will W. Hall, of Chicago; B. M. King, of Jersey City? A. ©, Maitland, of London, England; Iobirt Weed and family, of Buifalo; Rev. Green, of Ailsa Craig,’ Ont.; Rev. J. @ Bawn, ‘of Phila- delphia; — Dr. 1, oe Bowen, of Rockland, 1; J. Sabine Knight, of London, England? Dr. Hostetter and wife, of Toronto; 7. B. Carlington, of Key West city; Mr. and Mrs. S.C. Thompson, of New York; J.T, Warner and Major Auliffe, of England; H. 8. Harcourt, editor of the Lapierre Democrat; TT. B. Sickles, Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad; ex-Attorney General Stanbery, of Washington; Rev. Mr. Witherspoon, of Cincinnati, formerly of “Christ church, Buffalo; A. Bethune, a’ leading barrister of Toronte, with his. wife; | Rear Admiral Rv N. Stembel, United States ’Navy, of Washington, D. ©.;’ Mr. ©. B, Tompkins ‘and wife, of New York;’Mr, John Burke and family,’ of New York; Professor Porter and family; Mrs. H. E. Slocum, Miss ‘Ella Perrington and Miss Gertie Binkley; Mr. Broughton Manager of the Great Western Kailroad of Canada; Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert, with Miss Jennie and Fannie Gilbert; F. G, Mackall and the Misses M. and L. Mackall, of Washington, D, C.; Rev. Smith Hyde, of Carrolton, Wis. ; Mrs. Clute, Miss Chapman, Mrs, Hayes, ana Mrs, Duff and son, ‘WATERING PLACE NOTES, Prince Canillo Stayemberg, a prominent member of the Austrian House of Lords, has arrived at Newport, where he is the guest of Mr. Theodore A, Havemeyer, tho Austrian Consul General. The Prince has just fin- ished a tour of the Canadas, the Adirondacks and the northern lakes, and is on his way to tho buffalo plains of the West, where he purposes to hunt, Thence he will go to California, Austin Abbott, Benjamin Vaughan Abbott and the Revs, Lyman and Edward Abbott are visiting their father, Jacob Abbott, the popular story writer for children, at his place at Farmington, Me. Codfishing is the rang, passion at the Isles of Shoals, General J. Watson Webb, formerly Minister to Brazil, is at Curtis’, at Lenox. The General carries his eighty ears of age stoutly and finds abundance of sustenance in his two meuls a day, which he says are enough for anybody. Ho is a little gouty and a wee bit lame from his shot in the leg, which he got in his duel with Hum- phrey Marshall, of Kentucky, years ago; but he re- ports himself as vigorous and strong as he was a couple of decades since, all of which, he says, is owing to “taking care of himself.” Watkins Glen attracts the romantic and sentimental as usual, and from the increased throng this year it is safe to assume the beauties of the place are better ap- preciated than ever. Formal ballsat Long Branch are confined to the imagination of letter writers. Dancing is done every week day evening in the hotel parlors, and toa great extent by children. Men.who have carried their suits to the Branch will take them away unworn. ‘A Scotchman was at Niagara the other day, Hecame armed with letters of introduction, among which was one to the proprietor of one of our hotels. Immedi- ately on his arrival his eye was caught by the views of the Falls hanging on the office walls. He gazed at and studied them With minute care, and declared himself satisfied, “Ne’er mind sending up U baggage,” said he to the clerk, ‘a’ve seen a? 'at can be seen, an’ I wants to go Whoam agin.” THE EMIGRATION COMMITTEE. FURTHER TESTIMONY ON THE HEAD MONEY QUESTION. Yesterday morning the Assembly Committee on Em- igration Affairs continued its session at Castle Garden, The members of the committee present were Mossrs, Vosburgh, Alvord, Wachner, Gedney and Schuyler, the latter presiding. Mr. Alvord alluded to the difference he had with somo of the members of the committee, and said he was still of the opinion he was right; he might have been hasty in what he said, and if so he regretted it as much as any other member of the committee would, but so long as he was in this body he would ask such questions as seemed to him fit, and the committee might object if they pleased. = General James W. Husted was then called, and testi- fied that he had had no communication with the steam- ship companies in 1871 in reference to any reduction of head money. It was in 1865 or 1868, he said, when he be- came acquainted with Mr. Nolan. At the time when the bill for the reduction of head money was pending in the Legislature witness had never heard of the arrange- ment between the steamship companies and Nolan; neither did he remember having any conversation with Nolan in 1871; he did not remember whether Nolan appeared before any committee in 1870 or 1871; he thought if Mr. Nolan had not gone to Albany the bil would have been passed with the unanimous consent of that Legislature. WHAT BARNEY BIGLIN KNOWS. Mr. Bernard Biglin was called and testified as fol- lows:—At one time I hada privilege under the Com- missioners for transporting baggage; this was about June, 1874; it was for me to transfer baggage of omi- grants to depots, &c.; the Commissioners prescribed the rates I should charge; I was a member of the Legis- Jature in 1874; {new a man named Smith connected with the Board here, but I do not know his first name; Ido not know him asa resident of my Assembly dis: |: trict; he took no part that I know of in securing my election; I did not receive any money from Mr. Sinith, Dut there was some sum of money—about $119 or $120— sent to our headquarters from, as I understood it, some of my friends in the employ of the Board of Emigration; do not know of any one raising money for my expenses among the em- ployés of the Department of Emigration; the con- tributions that were made were entirely voluntary, and gotten up, 90 far as 1 know, without the knowledge of the Commissioners; the rates charged on the bag- age Lcarried were collected by my clerks; I do not EiSw of any complaints being fade of oversharge by the drivers; there may have been one or two cases where drivers did charge an extra price for going long distances, but in such case the money was always refunded. To Mr. Alvord—There was no arrangement between myself and the Commissioners that a compulsory sub: scription among the employés of the departme should be taken up for my election expenses the sum which was sent t my headquarters was about $110, 1 think, but never made any application for any contributions nor .aid I authorize any agent to do so; the charge which I made for transport of lu was regulated by the Commissioners, and I think that they were lower than other express companies; I charged, 1 think, forty cents as the highest for a single package and as low as thirty conta, according to the number of car: ried; the money that was given towar election expenses was given voluntarily, for I had nothing to do with the department, except as an expressman, and I made no demand or request for subscriptions. ‘To Mr. Waehner—I did ony I think, mtroduce into the Legislature a bill for the increase of head beg but I might have done so; very likely I did; that bill was in favor of any way; it remained in the committee, ‘and was not reported upon, for there was a similar bill in the Senate, which it was thought better to let go through, and if sent to the House it would take the lace of the other one; I do not know of any $40,000 ing contributed by the steamship companies tor the defeat of the bill; I remember there were a number of steamship men before the Committee on Commerce and Navigation in 1874 in reference to this bill; Mr. Bernard Casserly was also in Albany, and corrected, I believe, some statements made by = President of the [rish Society; [ was a member of the committee in 1873, and I think there was a bill before the committee to reor- ganize the Board of Emigration, but I do not remember ‘one in reference to head money. The committee then adjourned to September 1 at ten AM AUGUST 24, 1875—TRIPLE SHEET. 5 NORTH CAROLINA. The Proposed Changes in the State Constitution. THE NEGRO AS LABORER. Prosperity of the Small Farmers. Raxaian, N. C., July 16, 1875. North Carolina had formerly a peculiar constitution. Under it the State Senate was chosen by frecholders owniliig fifty acros of land or more, and a State Senator must hold 300 acres in fee. The justices of the peace were a numerous body in each county, recommended by the Governor and appointed by the Legislature during good behavior, ‘They chose in each county certain ones of their own number to hold the county courts, ‘There was no township government such as is now general in the United States and as obtains also at present in North Carolina, PROPOSED CNANGES, Some of the democratic citizens desire to return to the old system, believing that property ought to be represented in one house of the Assembly, and wishing also to take away from the people the election, of local magistrates, Ifthe color line were to be perpetual in the State Politics probably some change guarding property against the attacks of a mass of ignorance would bo expedient, But as soon as the intelligent and property-owning citi- zens ceaSe to act with only one party and are dis- tributed by the mutations of polities, somewhat equally in both, the ignorant voters will cease to be dangerous, For there can be no doubt that the negro will, in such a state of things, in the South, for many years to come, vote with his ethployer if he treats him justly and against him if he cheats him. Of course there are democratic politicians who tell you that they think it best to keep the white vote together, and massed against the black vote, ‘Thus we may hope to control the State, and the West and Middle can protect us in the East or seaboard,”” So said a Wilmington democrat to me, and made me smile, because not an hour before republican had said to, me that !t was “best to keep the black yote together, for thus, with the help of white votes, the State could,” he thought, “bo controlled by the republicans,” And while such politicians dream both parties are sphtting to pieces; and if Congress will only stop legislating about the South or threatening it with Force bills and Civil Rights bills no power on earth can keep them in their present condition after, and hardly until, the noxt Presidential election, THE PEOPLE THINKING OF NEW QUESTIONS, North Carolina is the first Southern State I have visited where men are discussing some public question other than reconstruction, the negro and civil rights. There is a strong hard money element in the present democratic party, andI heard a good deal of disgust expressed by some respectable democrats at the plat- form of the Obio democrats. The adoption of a usury law by the Legislature has also raised discontent and discussion, Of course the party leaders discourage such opinions. They want “harmony” and “a firm front to the enemy,” but the people are reaily think- ing of new questions, and tired of the-old. ‘The State is not as prosperous as it ought ‘to be A large part of the planters are heavily in debt, and have even fallen into a way of mortgaging their crops in advance, They work mainly a thin and warm soil, which needs manure, and they adhere, toa greater extent than in any of the South- western States, to the system of paying wages, which I do not believe to be the best or most satisfactory, either to the planter or the negro laborer. I have no- ticed that when a cotton planter ts embarrassed, in debt and not making money, he is very apt to think that “the negro don’t work,” and this you may hear occasionally hereabouts, But wherever I have found a planter who managed well and had sufficient capital to carry on his operations he was successful and was also well satisfied with the negro, The answer I oftenest received from planters and others whom I asked about the negro as laborer was this:—“If you pay him regularly, cash in hand, and do not attempt to sell him anything, but let him trade elsewhere, and if you deal fairly with him, he is the best laborer you can get, and you can always keep him.”’ HOW THE NEGROES, woRK, In the cotton country a few negroes rent land ont- right, I'judge mostly on the richer soils, and then pay from $3 to $7 per acre. The commoner way is to rent twenty-five acres, for which, on strong land, he pays 1,600 pounds of lint or unginned cotton, Others plant on shares, and give the planter one-third of the corn and one-quarter of the cotton. In this case the negro has his own mule, If the planter furnishes the mule the negro receives sometimes one-third or one- quarter of the crop and a meat ration. Whero they serve for wages they receive from $10 to $12 a month and a ration, consisting of five pounds of bacon anda bushel of meal. Where the negro works for wages he tries to keep his wife at home. If he rents land or plants on shfires, the wife and children help him in the fleld, It is odd that the blacks will not eat beef or mutton, They say ‘‘it don’t stand by them.” The meat ration is always of pork, An intelligent planter told me, after some consideration, that he thought if you took a thousand colored people, men, women and children, now, working in cotton, they would produce one-quarter less than when they were slaves. He was, however, not certain of this; nor had he even thought which was the cheapest, free or slave labor. Slavery was enormously profitable by reason of the rapid and sure increase in the slaves, which made a man wealthy in the course of some years, even if he produced only enough to feed and clothe them. He told me that in this State, before the war, a full handed laborer could be hired for $150 per annum, with ration, clothing and medicine, At this rate slave labor was probably, for this region, very little, if any, dearer than freo. An intelligent republican told me that he thonght not one in ten of the argicultural negroes owned a working mule, This shows them to be poorer than their fellows in the Southwestern States; but they have here a much poorer soil, and have to spend some money for manure. ‘A good hand in the tobacco country receives $15 per month, In all cases they have a cabin, land enough for avegetaple garden, and usually Saturday afternoon to work it, with the use of the mule and plough. Some planters believed that at least half the agricultural force (negro) in the State work for wages. There are many colored mechanics and they are all thrifty people, and very commonly own the houses they live in and often a town lot besides. In the cotton country an increasing number of colored men own farms of from forty to a hundred acres, but many of these were free before the war. In tho towns and valleys the colored people have a prosperous look; they dress neatly and very commonly live in frame houses, On the whole their condition appears to me very comfortable and satisfactory. They have every- where in the State, Iam told, their fair proportion of schools; and here in Raleigh the colored people are in general more anxious to send their children to school than the poorer whites. The school system of the State is not in a very good condition. There are 369,960 children between six and twenty-one years, according to the school census of 1874, of whom 242,768 are white and 127,192 black. There were'in that year 4,020 public schools open, attended by 119,083 white and 65,000 col- ored children, under 2,108 white and 767 colored teach- ers, I believe whites teach in some of the colored schools, The schools cost during the year $278,000, At Raleigh there is an excellent colored academy; and this is in part supported by contributions from citizens of other States, There were in 1874 2,350 white and 999 colored schools, THE SMALL FARMERS PROSPEROUS, Ihave spoken above of the lack of prosperity of the planter class, and I must add that the farmers, on the contrary, are generally prosperous, The tobacco farm- ers have made good and very remunerative crops for some years, and in general the small farmers, I am assured, were never better off than now. The towns, toof are growing; there are more shops, and there is more demand in all the farming parts of tho State for mechanics, More money circulates in the community, Tam assured, than ever before, and it passes through more hands, Here, as elsewhere in the South, the re- tail dealer is prosperous, and the surplus capital or savings of the people, which was formerly invested in slaves, now takes the shapo of houses and = shops and valuable improvements of all kinds, If tho credit of the Stato was estored there would be an opportunity for the develon- ment of its rich and almost untouched mineral resour- ces, New enterprises of this kind are needed to give more profitable employment to the poor white class, which in some respects lags behind the negro, The colored man, having no pride of race to contend with, has one advantage—he can do any kind of honest work without losing public respect; black boots, run er- rands, or perform house service; and I imagine that the civilizing influence of house service, which brings the colored people in contact with tho better class of whites, not only enables them to live better, but also to acquire better and more elevating ideas than the chil- dren of the poor whites, who often live in poverty and in wretcned hovels, CHARLES NORDHOFF, “THE HARVARD BOOK.” A SUPERB ALBUM OF THE OLDEST AMERICAN ‘UNIVERSITY. A sumptuous work is “The Harvard Book.” It is in two volumes, folio, and consists of a series of historteal, ‘piographical and descriptive sketches of the university, the schools, the college halls and the professors. It is illustrated with those views and portraits with which every Harvard student seeks to enrich his album, and ts simply what it pretends to be—a class book of the university, The papers were written by many of the most distinguished graduates of Harvard and were collectod and published by F. 0, Vuille and H. A. Clark, of the class of 1874 It was originally intended as a souvenir of the class of that year, but so much interest was evinced in the general purpose and scope of the work that it was determined to make it a keepsake for all the alumni. The volames are privately printed and the number of copies is limited, The work opens with a history.of Harvard College from the pen of Samuel Eliot, The “schoole or col- ledge’? was founded in 1636, and was originally a State institution, £400 being voted by the General Court in that year toward its foundation. In 1639 it was named in honor of Join Harvard, who came to this country in 1637 and died in 1638, leaving his library and one-half of his estate to the college. From that day to this it has held the first place among the institutions of learn- ing in America, and the college halls which have come into existence on the historic ground at Cambridge, as well as the long list of distinguished graduates of tho untversity, all attest to its growth and usefulness, The papers describing the buildings and giving their history aro all by capable hands. The sketch of Massachusetts Hall was written by Charles Eliot Norton, Holden chapel is described by Andrew P. Peabody, Hollis’ Hall is sketched by John Holmes, an elder brother of the “Autocrat of the Breakfast Ta- ble,” who never before sought literary honors; James Freeman Clarke contributes the paper on Harvard Hall, Samuel Longfellow* on Stoughton Hall, Henry Warren Torrey on Holworthy Hall, Henry Lee on Uni- versity Hall, John Langdon Sibley, the librartan of the university, on Gore Hall and the college library, and Jonah P. Cooke, Jr., on Boylston Hall The President’s House, the old President’s House and the Dana Honso are described respectively by Thomas Hill, Charles Dean and Joseph Lovering. These sketches and the less.important ones not here enumerated compose nearly one-half of the first volume and aro the most valuable part of the work. Biographies of the presidents and professors follow, and then come the sketches of the schools which comprise the univer- sity. The paper on the Divinity School is by Professor Stearns, that on the Law School by the Hon. Emory Washburn and that on the Medical School by Dr. Olver Wendell Holmes, The Dental School, the Lawrence Sci- entific School, the Astronomical Observatory, the Botanio Garden, the Bussey Institution and the Museum of Com- parative Zoology are also the subjects of interesting papers, The second volume is much more general in its char- acter than the first, and the reader, if it'is possible that these huge folios should have a reader, will find ft more entertaining. Every possible subject, however re- motely connected with the university, is treated in this volume from the old-time commencements to the boat races and base ball matches, The most noticeable paper, perhaps, is the one on ‘Harvard Square,” by John Holmes, in which there aro many quaint fancies and much quiet humor. The first paper ison ‘The College Yard,” and is written by George E Ellis. The interest- ing question of “Commons” 1s treated by Benjamin H. Hall, and the subject of liveliest interest and most dreaded import to every undergraduate, “College Prayers,” by Edward James Young. Edmund Quincy contributes the paper on “Commencement Day,” and the “Class Day” paper is from the pen of James Russell Lowell. Thomas 8, Perry writes of “The College Journals,” though it must be confessed he does not make a very brilliant showing for college journal- ism. As was eminently proper, the paper on the “Gymnasium” is by -Colonel Higginson. Papers on boating and base ball follow, and following these aro sketches of the college societies and other interesting matters, The whole makes a valuable résumé of all matters connected with the university, and on every account the work will be prized by the alumni of Harvard. The volumes are superb specimens of the printer’s and binder’s art. The letter press is worthy of the typography and the illus- trations, and fs creditable to the university in both the historical and the literary sense. In its prosent shape it cannot be more than it was designed to be—a work for private circulation among the graduates of Harvard— and in this respect it meets a want generally felt by Harvard men, who desire to preserve an album of col lege scenes and mementoes ; but in less sumptuous shapo it would supply a more general need and give us what has not yet been supplied—a handbook of the univer- sity: NEW YORK CITY. Michael Kerrigan, living at No. 331 East Forty-sixth street, fell from a cartand broke his leg. Removed to Bellevue Hospital. . «The City Chamberlain's report gives the balances for the week ending August 14 as $1,648,322 84; receipts, $501,994 94; payments, $237,125 46; balance August 21, $1,913,192 13. John Hanes, of No, 134 Cherry street, while working ‘on the steamer Lord Clyde, at pier No. 23 East River, accidentally fell and broke his arm, He was taken to the Park Hospital, The Corporation Counsel has not yet made any ap- pointments in his office, which seems to puzzlo the democratic politicians dreadfully. They want to know where the hitch ts, but they can find no one who can tell them what's in the wind. ‘ Coroner Kesslor was notified by the Warden of the Tombs to hold an inquest in the case of tho death of Thomas Hennessey, who died in his cell the night revious very suddenly. Hennessey was arrested on Raturday, and was committed by Judge Duly for being drunk, Ata meeting of the Board of Excise Commissioners yesterday it was resolved, on motion of Commissioner Stiner, to try the complaints for violation of the Ex- cise law made against the Tribune basemont lager beer saloon, the Atlantic beer garden and the Pacific beer garden on the 28th inst., at eleven o'clock A. M, About two o'clock yesterday afternoon John Salmon, of No, 445 East Twenty-sixth street, discovered a yaw! boat floating on the East River, near the foot of Twenty- third street, bottom up. The police of the Eighteenth precinct are under the impression that the boat, when it capsized, contained a boy, who was thrown overboard and drowned, but nothing positive in relation to the inatter is yet known, BROOKLYN. The receipts of the Registrar of Arrears during the ‘week amounted to $13,877 35, by Justice Walsh committed Bernard Patton to jail to await examination on a charge of burglary preferred against him by Jobn Smith, of Ninth avenue, near Nine- teenth street, Edward McNamee, a youth of eighteen years, was ar- raigned before Justice Walsh on a charge of setting fire to St. Vincent's Home for Boys, His examination was set down for Monday next. Michacl McGinnis was instantly killed yesterday morning at Fowler's o1! mills, No, 55 Furman street, by the fall of an elevator from the fourth story. The rope broke and he went down with the elevator, Mary Newman, seventy-five years of'age, was found dead seated in a chair in her residence in Hayward street, near Kast Bedford avenue, yesterday, The Cor- oner’s jury found a verdict of death from old age, General Dakin has received an invitation to attend the picnic of the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, to be held on Wednesday at Myrtle Avenue Park. Amateur riflemen will display their skill upon the occasion, A kit of burglars’ tools was found yesterday by a workman just outside the office of tho white lead works of Webb & McLaughlin, in Kent avenue, near Rush street. They were handed over to the Property Clerk. Jobn Abendorth, the man who was arrested for ate tempting to burn the tenement house No, 92 Bushwick avenue on Jast Saturday morning, was arraigned betore Justice Kames yesterday. He pleaded not guilty to the charge, His examination will take place to-day. Patrick Gilmartin, proprietor of a liquor store; corner of State and Firman streets, was committed to jail the Police Justice yesterday for assaulting Thomas ennessey by striking him on the head with a cleaver, ‘The injuréd man is in the hospital, George Marsh, who was arrested on a charge of com- plicity in the diamond robbery at Kline’s jewelry store, Broadway, E. D., was brought before Judge Barnard, in the Supreme Conrt, yesterday, where a motion wag made by the counsel for the prisoner to compel Justice Elliott to proceed to the examination of Marsh, The motion was denied. An attempt was made by burglars yesterday morning to break open the safe in the office of the Washington Ice Company, No. 49 John street. The watchman, hear- ing the noise, came upon the scene and the rogues made off, A pack of burglars’ implements were found on the floor near the safe, which they were preparing to blow open by drilling holes in it and filling the cavities with powder, STATEN ISLAND. The village authorities of Edgewater have recom» mended the Board of Supervisors of Richmond county to increase the police force by twenty more some of them to be Tnounted.”” . sass co Felix Graham, of New Brighton, aged about forty- five years, was drowned while bathing at the foot of Lafayette avenue in that village on Sunday eyening. His body has not yet bean recovered. ‘The new yacht club building at Stapleton has been Placed on stocks, preparatory to being moved twelve feot further south to make room for an entrance to the opposition ferry company’s ship, recently shut off by tho oid company’s sinking @ stone block adjoining the slip. Yesterday there were ten square-rigged vessels at anchor off Staten Island bound out, and nine fore-and- afters, some bound in and some out, and three at the lighterage anchorage off Robins’ Reef discharging car- as required by the Quarantine regulations before Cine allowed to run up to the city. Aman, who said he was from New York, and called himself Michael Powers, robbed the money drawer of Mrs. Ryan’s liqnor saloon, on Jersey street, New Brighton, of $80. Ho was captured at Tompkinsville by Officer Losure, who found $67 50 of the money upon his person, He was locked up for examination. During the absence of the Rev. W. Lennent, of the Moravian church at New Dorp, on his vacation, the church wili be closed for repairs, and the services will be conducted in the chapel at Castleton Corners by the Rev. Dr. Brownles, the Rev. S. G. Smith, the Rev, J. B. Taylor and the Rev. J. M. Green, commencing at @ quarter past three P. M. eaeh Sunday. WESTCHESTER. A movement has been set on foot at Yonkers looking to the organization of a rifle association in that city, No visitors are allowed to enter Sing Sing Prison dur- ing the continuance of the Methodist camp meeting now being held in that vicinity. Arumor exists to the effect that the recent raing have rendered insecure the fron structure kuown as “Central Avenue Bridge,” in the town of Ossining. The members of Company B, Twenty-seventh reg ment, N.G.S.N.¥., will go into camp near Pelham- ville on the 26th inst, fally armed and equipped for a peaceful sojourn in the woods, until the 80th inst Jacob M. Coops, an old and wealthy farmer, living near Sing Sing, was gored to death by a bull on his premises a few days ago. The body of the unfortunate man was not discovered until some time after the hor- rible occurrence. The State Assessots have given notice that they will meet the supervisors and assessors of tho various towns in the county, at White Plains, to-morrow, for the purpose of obtaining all necessary ‘information in regard to the assessment of real estate in the county for the current year, At Yonkers, yesterday afternoon, Owen Burns, a car- penter, aged forty years, fell from the third story of a new housa, on Hawthorne avenue, to the ground, His spine was dislocated and he received other injuries from which itis believed he cannot recover, He was conveyed to St. John’s Hospital. LONG ISLAND. Hempstead is well supplied with the facilities for ob- taining liquor—-having sixteen liquor saloons, or one for every 152 of the population. Miss Fanny Oakes, who was so severely affected by a dose of ether administered to her by Dr. ¥. Smith, a dentist at Patchogue, some days ago, has since died. She belonged in Babylon, to which place her body was taken for interment. The corner stone of the Methodist Episcopal church at Roslyn was pried from the foundation by some scoundrel a night or two ago, broken open and robbed of its contents, including six dollars iu silver coins, a Bible, several hymn books, &a Part of the effects found upon the body of a man which was taken from Bowery Bay three weeks ago has been recognized as the property of Wiiliam Osborn, a discharged soldier of Willets Point, who, with a check for $190 of unclaimed pay, entered the saloon of Julius Beekman on the day of his discharge, and, becoming drunk, left the place and was never seen alive after- ward. Beekman presented the check to the paymaster, bat was refused payment. Osborn is believed to havo met with foul play. The committee in reference to the proposed new county to be formed from the three eastern towns of Qneens county—Oyster Bay, North Hempstead and Hompstead—appointed at @ mass mecting held at Mineola in May last, will meet at that place on tho 4th of September, to which time the mass meeting also stands adjourned. The purpose is to move for the divi- sion at the next session of the Legislature. The great anxiety of the people of that town appears to be to get away from Long Island City, which they contend will be ® constant source of expense to the county at large, as ‘at present constituted, The army worms have at last ended their campaign in Suffolk county. The last stragglers are now fast disap- pearing. The mischief wrought by the worms will not soon be forgotten. In that part of Southampton town which lies east of the hills the damage done is immense, Comparatively few farmers tn that section will thresh their entre crops big utterly spoiled or rendered fit only for fodder, Many flelds of corn have also been seriously damaged, and in some cases the pasturage is cut short. Ouly @ narrow strip along the extreme north side of the town seems to have éscaped the blight ing visitation. ? Among the remarkable ‘stock which has boen secured for exhibition at the fall fair of the Queens County Agri- cultnral Society next month are two cattle belonging to Mr. Georgo Ayrault, of Poughkeepsie—a heifer weigh- ing aout 3,000 pounds and a steer weighing about 4,000 ands, eno are of the breed known as the Central ‘ark cattie, There will also be a number of fine horses on exhibition including the celebrated stallions Black- wood and Dictator, with colts of their got, and Mr. Timothy T. Jackson’s stallion Saperb, with three of his colts, driven asa four-in-hand. The premium list this year is the largest ever offered by the society. The potato rot has made its appearance to a limited extent in Suffolk county, but so far, though the hot, damp weather is supposed to favor the disease, it is do- ing little damage compared to what it did last year, The crop already matured and the later variation yet growing bid fair to be one of the largest and best ever gathered in the county. In Queens county the yield of all the crops gathered thus far, with the single excep- tion of hay, has been almost’ unprecedented, and the Prospect is ‘unusually, promising for the crops still grow- ing, Corn is especially heavy. The continued rains have had tho effect of keeping the grass as green as in spring, and pasturage is consequently fresh and bounti- ful. NEW JERSEY, Smallpox has again broken out on Jersey City Heights, Police Surgeon Bird was called to attend two cases yes- terday. The clothesline thieves who lef Mrs. Miller minus $100 worth of damp hosiery at the Shades, Weehawken, on Friday night, have not been discovered. Bergenline avenue is now being extended and ime proved through Guttenberg, and it ts likely to be one of the finest thoroughfares in Hudson county, ‘The movement for the erection of a soldiers’ mono- ment in Hudson county is progressing rapidly. The association held another meeting at the Avenue House, Jersey City Heights, last evening. Henry Schoefle, who was taken to the Jersey City Charity Hospital on Saturday afternoon, while suffering from sunstroke, died yesterday, His remains were taken to Williamsburg, where his family reside, This was the first death from sunstroke during the season in Jersey City. Recorder Morgan, of Union Hill, yesterday had Charles Schultz and bis wife brought beforo him for having made a violent onslaught on one Peter Durkee, who resides in the vicinity and had the ill-luck to incur their hostility. They were held to bail to await trial, Mrs, William Belte, of Union Hill, represented to Jus- tice Gerlich, yesterday, that her husband had attempted several times to poison hor. The chances seemed to be that he would poison himself first, as ho was seldom in asober state, A warrant was issued was held to answer. County Physician Stout hag directed that the body of the late Mr. Stephen K. Jeroloman, of Kearney, be ex- humed, in order that the allegations of foul play may be thoroughly sifted, Mr, Jeroloman left property valued at $100,000, and his sister, for whom no pro- vision was made, has instituted proceedings to have whe will set asida