The New York Herald Newspaper, July 21, 1875, Page 4

4 QUR SAMOAN MONARCHY. ‘Colonel Steinberger's American Mission to the . Royalty of the Samoan Islands, A NAVAL TRIP FROM HAWAIL TO APIA, Landed on a Fruitful Soil--Intro- duction to the People. * AT COUNCIL WITH THE KINGS AND FEUDAL CHIRPS, The United States Evangelism---Peace, Fraternity and Civilization. & NEW ERA IN THE HISTORY OF DIPLOMACY pevenacee SMe Ths A Dynasty Obliterated and a Government by Citizen Acclaim Usirep STates STEAMER TUSOARORA, | Bay or Aria, Urc ISLAND, April 30, 1575, The United States steamer Tuscarora, having | on board Colonel Stemoerger, Special Commis. | sioner to this group, took her departure from Honolulu March 4, Our decks gave tue impression that we were a freight steamer, oarrying @ deck cargo of army utensils of warand coal, The coal was for our own use, and the guns, carriages and Ammunition were presents to the Samoan govern. ment. Our passage was, generally speaking, a fine one, especiaily after crossing vo the soutn- ward of the line. From latitude 1 deg. north to 10 deg. svuutn we experienced a strong, steady turrent setting to the weatward with @ force of wbout two knots. SIGHTING THE ISLANDS. On the 26th we sighted the isiands of Manua, Dfoo and Oivosinga on our port dow, and soortly After Lutulla ahead. IN PORT AT PANGO-PANGO. On the 27th we took on board @ native pllot, and \teamea into the lovely harbor of Pango-Panzo. This harbor ison the southern part of the island. Bhe entrance ts narrow, but wel! defined by a | high mountain peak on either side. Tne bay from | the entrance extenas north about one-nalf a Inile and then west, forming in its western part a bay of crescent shap>. TOPOGRAPHICAL APPEARANCES. Along the sonthern borders of tnis island a | Wightiy undulating mountain range extends from | the wesicrn to the eastern end, the real vulley of ‘which is this bay, whica iste crater of an extinct volcano, | The tropical scenery in this bay is of a nature hardly to be equailed and impossible to be sur- passed. A narrow band of sand, nearly covered at high tide, fringed with cocoanut, paims and bananas and interspersed with the thick thatche 1 roofs of the native houses, first presents itwelf, then } THE TOWERING CRATER, flensely covered with rank vegetation of varte- gated colors, not leaving even to the very crest bne square foot of rock or soil visibie. This grand tropical scenery 18 imposstule to describe. Coral Teefs, through which are here and there clear Doat passages, line the beach turoughout its en- | tre extent, ranging from six to for'y feet frum tt. Vhe sides of the crater being precipitons, and as there is no land capable of cultivation tn the har- | bor, isis of no value except as a perfect land- locked harbor wiih plenty of water Jor the largest vessels, where fresh water add provisions cau be obtained, | FIBLDS OF ARABLE LAND IN THE SovTH. Mr. Hunter, an Huglishman, who has resided for about twenty years on this isiand, om the morth- ern side, informed me tat epon that side there were over 30,000 acres of level country of the best | bf soil capable of cultivation, This statement has | been corroborated by other old residents. THE NATIVES—FINE SPECIMENS OF HUMANITY. You are at once struck with the perfection of wymmetry and fue cast of countenance of both the men and women. The men are tall and spien- idly developed, The women are erior in de- velopment to any that I have ever met in my Wravéls around the world, and many are really | teresting omuractetistic they posseas, | eventually, 1! not now, objectionabie tn a sanitary | islands end toan alarming extent. NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 1875.—TKIPLE SHEET, ne persisted mm aeciaring nis intentions of maim: taining & government of his own, and woul! not submit to either give up or alter his flag, which was given to him ny Commander Meade tn 1872. ‘ TAR RETURN. Pr ented the ship with a large quantity of tabes. Two weeks later the yacht Peerless was sent to convey him to Apla, but without success, and up to the date of our departure he hud not given tc nis allegiance, ‘The yacht at this time brougut back two or three of the high chiefs of Tutulia, woo rale over the remainder of thatisiand, One of them, a native over ninety-five years of age, Was 80 overjoyed at the establishment of a perm nent goverament and at seeing all the chiefs of tho islands give in their allegiance to it, that he died the day follow- ing the mecting (wnica I shail soon descrine), saying that he was willing to die, now that they lad @ recognized nation. PAREWRUT. On the eventing of the 31st of March we took our departure from that bay, reaching Apia next morning, alter a run of twelve hours, APIA, This harbor ts acrescent in shape, with a mode- rately good anchorage, most completely sur- rounded, Doth In the direction of the sea and Iand, by coral reefs, just awash at low tide, There ti g00d entrance into the harbor through an open- ine in the reef, a8 also a few opentngs for small boats going ashore. It is for about #1x montha mm the year, from the middie of May to November, anu i@ harbor, as during that time gales from the northward and westward and northward and eastward prevail, whicb set into the barbor a very lieavysea, Tula is by no means the best barpor, that of Faleilll being much supertor. This ts on the southern side, and is weil protected, capable of | olding trom twe ve to filteen large vessels ana with good holding ground, Two hor- bors in Savali were examined, one of which, “Asau,’it was found could be made uselal, oniy re- quiring an entrance, The channel is now carrying only two fathoms of water and is very narrow. By blasting, which has been proposed, a channel through the reef couid be made withont great difficulty or expense, Sucn an anchorage for that istand is necessary, as much cotton is imported to Apia from there, and can be brougut now only in canoes, He pi fresh provisions and ve; THE SHAT OF GOVERNMENT. Apia harbor at its nortuern and westerly end 1s densely covered with cocoanut trees, and is at present the government headquarcers. Here the King, Tatmaa (representatives from all the districts of the islands) and many chiefs and ora- tors reside. Tals point bas been in litigation some time, it being claimed by Mr. Coe, formerly United States Consul, and also by a native family. In about the centre of the harvor the beach ts lined with low white houses, ginmills in excess, and, with some exceptions, occupied by people of questionable and weak character. Thelr woader- fully surprising amount of faitn is the only one 1n- It gives them that tueffible happiness of feeling that wnat- ever may happen to otver poor mortals, they have nothing to fear. Such peopie, enviable additions as they are to any community, are to be founa in all parts of the world, watching witn vulturelike shrewdness for easy prey, and are, | regret to be obliged to too often Americans. The portion Set apart for foreigners can be, with truth, called abrothel, In this respect there is a ma: ked dif- ference between this place and “‘Pango-Pango,”’ or other places uninhabited by forelgners, for at those places unaected modesty and virtue are the predowiuant characteristics of the women. THR MOUNTAIN TRAILS, The nearest approach to @ road in Apiais a bridle path extending from one end of tue cres- cent to the otber, From thts trails 1un back and | over the mountains, which reach to from 2,000 | to 9,000 feet In height. Beautiful and varied ts Lhe sea View of the mountain scencry. SANITARY CONSIDERATIONS, Yhe Camp, marshy valley, ex'ending from the settlement to the base of the mountains, must be point of view; still but little sickness prevails, with the one exception of that irighiful disease elephantiasis, Cases are met withon all these Its cause is unknown, as ts {'# cure, althougn ail operations that have been performed on the serotum (by a Mr. Turner, an English missionary doctor), have thus far been saccessiul. Itis preceded by ciutlis | and fever, and 1s said, or supposea, w originate from malaria tn the atmosphere coming from low, marshy gtvuud; but this is merely one of many theories, SUGAR AND COTTON, Finer sugar cane, growing really wild or with- out even ordinary cuitivation, and cotton cannot be grown. One German plantation of about 1,100 acres ratsed 1,000,000 pounds of cotton this last fine looking and attractive. When you add to this their good disposition, hospitubie pature, in- telligent minds and stroug domestic attachments, you only have ieft as a point of ection their rolor, which is, as we say, tly off, they being, undoubtedly, of pure Malayan origin. STYLE OF DR! When you also taxe Into consideration that the women, 45 weil as men, wear nothing but the “lava-lava,” or Clout, which consists of @ small sheet or cioth passed around them to cover the hips, and nearly to the knee, ana secured by half knotting tt, you pereeive anotner mtecresting fea- ture of attraction in these people. in Apia ahd other places where foreigners dweil the women often, and, mm fi in the majority of cases, wear besides the “lava-iava” what is callea “tufuta.” Tt is a p' of cioth which covers houlders Bod reaches nearly to the “ay, * both in front and behind, The fashionable color for hair | both with men and women, but more particularly she former, is rea, or, more correctly, bri¢ This is Obtained by aycing the hair with coral ume, It Will rot be long t e they will be dressed tn European s Tt is only the lack or means that Drevenis that advancement now. A gift ofan old coatora pair of pant is appreciated far more than twice thelr value in money. Tals ts but one step that they are desirous of making. They show stroogand urgent desires to ve tanght and advanced to such @ civilized position as may gain them the respect and’ acm jon of all Christian and entighienca ntrl PRODUCE OF THE s0'L Cocoanuts are indigenous, Yanis, sweet po. tatoes, bananas, orenges and pread fruit bave been introducec, Chickens and pigs are their only live stock, At Apia vee? and ducks can occasionally be obtained. | AN INDUSTRIAL STIMTLUS REQUIRED. | I negiected, while spcaking of the genera! char- aeterisiics of the natives, mention their ap- parent iaziness, which, to speak piatoly, is very Spparent. I firmly believe, though, that @ slight | pecuniary consideration y eavlly develop in them a spiris of industry wortay of commendation a to be found nowhere else among the Pacific lands, Their intelligence, ambition to advance, and willingness to do any work if only tangnt and guided, plainly show tnisto be thecase. As to the lazy state of existence that they now are | and formerly h.vo been livin the reasous are obvious and result from natu causes, They bavein close proximity to thelr homes cocoanut trecs, yams, bread fruit and rawe a few chickens and p comprise their food, with the of fish, Which they can catch easily on the reefs atlow water. What littie work ha Jone by them im the past has, generally speaking, veen | recompensed by old clothes, ani not money. Knowing this, what can be expected of a people ing no inducements to labor? Let forei rs come to these islands, start sugar and cotton Plantations, deal kindly and considerately with them and reward tiem for Jabor rendered, and it will be seen tha’ they Will becume good, howest and faithful laborers. MAUNGA, THE HARBOR CiiEr. “Mannga,”’ Chief of Pango-Pango Harbor, is really @ refractory chief, having jnris@iction sim- ply over that harbor. Oar object tn calitng in here was to acquaint him with Colonel Steinberger’s , mission and to endeavor to influence him to give his allegiance to the general goverament to be | at Apia. | AMBRIGAN LECTURS ON GOVERNMENT, | Commander Erben exp\a\ned to lim the objects | ‘8 government and the great benesits only to be Gerived from unity of action, but to no avail. as 4 | streams generally, | unable to prove American citizenship, although | foreigners never took any advantage. (7) } with, | Mess to the best advantage, year, This is sent to Sydney, where it fudsa teady market. WATER POWER, Water power is abundant, flowing down inlarge creeks from Lhe mountains with considerable ra- pidity and volume, These differ from mountain being large at their source and smaller at their mouth, TIMBER, Some of the most valuable timber in the world 1s here in profusion, such 2a pani, milo (ruse. 1), malala, eallc, ebony, camanu ana tfilele, "Or OF THR NAVAL VISIT—AMERICAN EQUITY, One of the objects o! our visit here was to (ny ree quest of the State, through the Navy Department) inguire into all claims mad Americans against native Samoans and express opinions upon the same, A Court of Inquiry, composed of oificers of this ship, convened by order of the comm nd- tug ofiicer, Commander Erben, on the 2d 01 April, for this purpose, and upon the oth of May, aitera tedious sitting, the work being completed, was dissolved. Thirteen claims were brought before the Coart, all resulting from depredations committed curing the iate war, and many involving the va- lidity of deeds. Im several cases c!aiman‘s were On they bad been acknowledged by our former con- | suis at this place as such; which plainly shows a eat lack of caution, if not a great neglect of y, on their part. LAND GRABDERS. Tt was found that @ greater part of the deeds brought before the Court were jor land purchase 1 during the war, allot which deeds the Samoan representatives aispated, for during that time the Samoans would not only part with every or any- thing they possessed for arms and ammunttion, but with property which they might temporartiy be occupying but which belonged to a distant relative, Of this lack ofstrict honesty, of course, Again, the head name of ® tamily, or the one holding by right of heirship the fa. Ny name, who ts gener. ally the oldest member of the family, nas the rights and privileges over all lands possessed by | tho familly, and none can be sold without his write ten assent, In many families, as a resuls of the war, the family name will bo ciaimed by more | than one, although wit those outside the famiiy | this never can alter the status of iho rightiul owner, the devermination of wom was one of the | many obstacles that our Conrt had to contend Another Was the great tendency these people uave to prevarteate were tueir own in- terests are involved, even though they are under oath The Polynesian Land Company's claim was not breught before the Coart, owing to the fact that lt Wes not strictly @ claim againgt Samoans, but partially sgainst other foreigners, Itis in such a mixed state that it will require months for any court to settic 1%, and not only that, but some na- tional diplomacy, as all the foreign consuls there are involved, having tn their consulates deeas of | land belonging to that company which they ob- | tained, it is impossible to vay exactly how, and Which they refuse to surrender, although that company Lave livested about $100,000 In jand in these lands, still for & emati debt of about $1,600 they were tirown into bankruptcy not long since, and tie Samoan Land Company was incorporated under the laws oi Caltlornia to close up their bus! ‘The stockholders of these companies aro mostly Californians, Tnoy | have mae a great failure throughs injadicious menagewent, and Lave and wii suter heavy oases. Our present Consul is the agent for them, A HOPEFUL FoTURR, A450 Much bas v9en Written wLOU! these lslands, | | which were writien and | Was then one of tue Kings. Ihave been as concise as posainie in my dererip- tion of trem. Any ove who bas visited them ava understands the natives and general character of the country must predict tor them future pros- perity and wealth. THE AMERIOAN MISSION UNDER COLONEL STEIN- BERGRK—AID TO CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT. That portion of my letier which will most in- terest you will be undoubtedly the mission of Colonel Steinverger. The principal onject ofit ts to ald those people tn the formation and establish- ment of a permunent and stable government and to teach them that strength, uni.y and success can only be reacaed in this mapper, Ho bas every facility at his commind to enable him to fully accomplish this end, as one more universally respected, admired and beloved vy a people than ho is by these matives could not be, His wish is law, and his opportane arrival pre- vented the dismemberment of their unsubstan tial and jrail toy government, which had reached the end of its tether, several nigh chiefs having with- 4@rawn from it previous to ovr arrival. DON'T WANT A “KINGLY CROWN,” He could be their King to-day if be so desired, and not a dissenting voice would be heard, Such & Man Was needed here, and much real good will he do for tnem, They had been Christianized and taught many things by the missionaries und are prepared for the important step they are now taking. only having required what they now have— one to guide and direct them im whom they could place implicit confidence, A COUNCIL WITH THE KINGS AND CHIEFS, On the Ist of April Commodore Erben, with Col- one! Steinberger, had ap interview with the kings and council at Miflinuu, whica is the present goy- erumeit seat, for the purpose of officially iniorm- ing them of tue arrival of this snip with Colonel Steinberger on board, Tisy at that ume ap- pomted # day for the iormal reception of tne letter to them from the President of the United States, as also tue presents seut by our goverament, PRESENTS TO THE UNITED STATES SHIP. At this meeting the petly enies of ati the vil- lages wave presents to the ship, There were 450 chickens, seven pigs and abou’ a ton of yams, THR MONARCHICO-DEMOCRATIO ASSEMBLAGE. ‘The 22d inst. was then seieci.ed as the vay upon which they could bring together «ll the chiefs from the different isiands to order to hoid a grand ‘4avo” (council). That Gay was indeed a memor- Avie one, not only tous, but to tne Samoans, For two weeks previons all Monceno, Savati and Upoiu were preparing for this day, Let me go back two days and describe everyting in detatl. On the 20th the natives trom the otber Islands and different districts began toarrive, It was A STRANGE AND INTERESTING SIGHT to watch the many war canoes ag they passed the ship, decorated im thetr grandest siyie and re- minding one of bis young Gays and of the grand entrance ofa circns into a country viliage —horses decorated, troupe in unilorm, band playing and all made attractive with Mims) aod temporary material a8 possidie. A LOOK-OUT FOR MOSOUITORS. , In this case the canoes were prop:licd by frot twenty to forty paddles, crowded with natives fantastically dressed and having in the bow of each 9 warrior artistically dressed tu @ lava-lava or clout, the remainder of his budy smeared with cocoanut o1! (which, by the way, ts an imposition on musquitoes and other small nuisances with wings), and above ali looned a most gorgeous headdress, which consisted of a kind of crown, aif- ferently decorated and surmeuited by immense masses of long human hui, Much tact is required to keep this on, THE CHIEF, or warrior, was dex‘erousiy bandling a paddle or Spear and dancing, or ratuer periorming @ series of contortions of the body and limbs, ridiculous and at the sume time novel to see. FORMAL PROCZEDINGS. On the day appointed moat of tne oMicers of the ship proceeded to the government he.dquarcers, where we found assembled avout 10,000 natives, | Com ander Erben first read his letter presenting | Colonel Steinbeger and giving them some good advice and encouragement. ‘The Colouel then read President Grant’s letter, which was similar in parport to that of Com- mander Erben, Then the Cojonel read his address, which I en- close, THE NATIVE ORATORS, After this the natives of the aiforent districts of the islands marched opin reguiar order, per- forming ieats of arms, athletic feats, ana stinging, with war chiefs in advance danciag and swinging war clubs and dressed in War costame, to our front, where they deposited tuer pr Ssuts, Dure ing all this ume, some three hours, tue greatest enthusiasm prevalies, THE GIFTS amounted to 700 chickens, 70 hogs and abont eight tons of yams and taro, besides a large number of cocoanuts, Ii you unders;ood the timited means Of these people you would also tue surprisingly hospitable spirit oi the gilts. THE FASCINATIONS OF SAVAGERY, It is an tpjusiace to tuem to attempr, as also an impossibility, todescribe the scene—it was sucn | agrand dispiay Of savagery that its altractive- ness and fascination defy description, THE NEW FLAG. Tnese ceremonies over, at about four o'clock Colonel Steinberger showed to tie Council of Todmua the flag that he haa orough for them, Which he proposed they should sccept as a nae | tional emblem, Tnis flag 1s composed of seven stripes, red and white alternating, each repre- senting an island, The fleid 19 of biae, witha single white star, Which represents the govern. Ment island of Upolu. ‘This Jay was adopted, and a jew days afterward hoisted at noon and saluted by us with twenty one gans. THE BILL OF RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTION presented by Colonel Steinberger lor consideration and adoption by the Taimua (representatives of tue people), was adopted by them on the i8ta of May with put one | alteration of the original, That was (ve articie referring Lo tne future Kings, Tue o iginal articie provided for @ king elected to hold office tor hig lite ime, &c, This they, in order to avoid fu vre disseutions and ili-teeiings, would not a) prove, owing to the fuct that there exisis two old tami- lies of kings in Samoa, and they aesired to respect their ancient customs and traditio.s so farin this respect that the future kinvs shall alternate between these two families of “sialtetou” and «“Tupua;” 80 that article was altered with this end in view. Kings will serve jor jour years ouly, and aliernate vetweea toese families, THE CUIRE OF THE CABINET, Another article, which refers to a Premier, they cid or Would not adopt until they had re- evived the Cvlonel’s consent to accept it tor nis life time, A NEW ROYAL DYNASTY. Some little difficuity was experienced in the election of @ king, but alter a few days the “Tajmua” decided that the first kins should pe from the Malietoa family. It then resiead with them to select between Malietoa Pea, who ts the | head of the family, or his nephew, Malictoa, who | The latter was eiec on the 22d of May and Installed, receiving a salute of twenty-one guns | from tis ship. MALIPTOA PEA, THE FIRST KING, He ts a man of fine, commanding and prepos+ sessing appearance, cigniticd demeanor and ap- | parently well fitted to occupy the position to which he has been calied. SUBJECT TO THE CROWN, ,One of the notable events of this occasion was @ speech made by Matiala, Chiel of Atua and the leading member of the Tapua family, whica was to the effect that be unnesitatingly gave his ale -leglance to Maltetoa, end would aoiie by all des | cisions and laws of the government, Without doudt, be the next king. A NECESSARY AMERICAN WORK MINATED. Our presence being no jonger required we took our departure avout June 1 for Honoluin, We ieit them with @ stavie government, tounded on a | firm basis, and everything pertaining thereto in a most promiving condition, Our impressions formed wee most favorable of the fertility of the Soli, healthiulness of climate, intelligence of the people, and most faittering of their undoubted ilo will, FAVORABLY TER+ | tian Powers o/ the earch, future commercial suscess and utility, Ihe only obstacle that could arise to thwart ail this ts the Geath or departure of the Premier. COLONEL STEINBERGER'’S PRESENCE AND COM- MISSION OFFICIALLY ANNOUNCED 10 THE SAMOAN GOVERNMENT, UNITED STaTes STEAMER TUSCARORA, APIA, ISLAND OF UroLu, Bamoa, April 9, 1875, To THe TAIMUA OF THE GOVERNMENT OF SaMOA AT MULINUN:— I am sent by the government of the United Sti to convey in the ves+el-of-war Tuscarora { Colonel A. B, Stemberger, sent by the President of the Un.tea States to remain among you, Tis government nas great faith in Colonel Steinberger, Knowing that ne can do a great deal to assist you i organizing your government. You koow him, and we have, since our arrival here, seen your kindly ‘eelings toward bim and coofdence in him, You have evidence of the good and kindly feelings of Americans for you, You are about to become a nation, with your own flag, with yoorown laws ana with but one government for all the tsiands, You must furever oanish jealousy from among you and look only to tae common good of all, You have a rich and productive country, a brave ana inteliigeny people, You are iree, aud your ireedom will be maintained, If you ail support the government, becoming united, you wili be happy, prosperous and strong; but you cannot expect to meets with success unless you all work. You must help tn a system of Industry, cultivating your Geids and cutting roads to euavie you to reach them and to bring your produce to market, White nations are great only because the people work, Everybody works in my country. All labor is cousidered honorable, ‘The idle man ig not re- spected, Colonel Steinberger, who comes to you, will not fail to work bard in assistiag you to per- fect your goverament. Tose good men, the mis- sionaries, have made Chrisiians of you, have tanght you how to read, sv that you bave been able to ieurn from books sm thing of other lands, and to see the beveflts of government, laws and order, and, Lthink, have prepared you for orga- nization, I have seen the evidence of your intel- gence, and have noted the characser of the people Isee around me. You must respect the white people around you of all navions. You must have faith and confidence in them. It 18 toetr snips that have come to you to take away your products, You have had them among you, and you see thoir industry, Above ali things avoid intoxicating Mquor and the people that have 1t ready to sell to you. They aro not your friends, Adopt clothing as rapidly as your means will admit of Remember the teachings of te missionaries and teachers, Colonel Steinverger is your friend, Advise with him; he will look to your well.re and industry. ‘Tne great goverument of the United States of America nasa Kindly terest in you. Be worthy i this and they will ever be your fricnd. And now, people of Samoa, this 1s all I nhuve to say to you. HENRY ERBEN, Commander, Commanding United States Steamer Tuscarora. COLONEL STEINBERGER GIVES EFFECT TO THE UNITED STATES DIPLOMACY—A MISSION OF PEACE, REGENERATION AND CIVILIZATION, APIA, SAMOA, April 22, 1875. To THE TATMUA OF SAMOA, AT MULINUN, AND PEOPLE OF SAMOA:— You have listened to the words of Captain Erben, commanding the war ebip Tuscarora, Tucy are the words of peace aud encouragement, a civil guarantee of your entire independence and nationality, I hand to youa Ictter from His Excellency the President of the United States of America, a translation of which nas been read, and you will preserve it, This paper is not a labored, lengthy or diplomatic document, It ls an answer to your letters, written by yourselves, addressed to our great chief, and which I was proud to be a bearer of, There you see, people of Samoa, that your prayers have been answered. Your letters were deiivered in person; they were careiuliy read and are now deposited in the national archives of our country, together with the staf and fly-fag. Your earnest desires, a8 expressed in your letters of Ociober 2, 1813, received prompt attention. Your prayer tuat I be revurned to you has been an- swered, aod the President of the United States, in his own janzuage, Communicates this decision to you in his letter, and I am here among you to verify it, POPULAR ENLIGHTENMENT, America is great, rich aod prosperous. From Samoa they wish for nothimg but to have our ships enter your hurbors and our people to be pro- tected. We have millions 0! square miles of terri- tory, and our traditions, policy and jeclings are opposed to the acq iisition of distant lands; but our ships are on the waters, our commerce has grown on this ocean, and our peopie visit yon. Your islands lie in the track of what must be @ great trade in the future. With great Should at once givo way to an earnest desire to promote the common good, ‘THR MISSIONARIES Who havo Obristianized you have made the groundwork for your (uture success as a nation, and the time hus now come when their good seeds must bear trutt, Jn our country we have many forms of worship. All are free to worship God as they may desire, ‘There are No prescribed forms, and it should be so in ali Samoa, Each creed is earnest and sincere 4u tne effort to promote your happiness aud well being. Religious freedom is the best guarantee of your success, THE STKP TO CIVILIZATION—ITS REWARDS. In your intercourse with the whites you must come to trust them, and they will respeet you and abide by your laws. The large Mercantile firma among you, with their snips and houses, have, by anexample of industry, taught you the value of your land and your products and given you an importance which perhaps you would not other- wise have obtained. Therefore you must meet dis- agreements in @ proper spirit; consider that law is for protection, and in alllands there grow up Civil strive and disagreements; but this should not provoke distrust. You will beat show your capac. ity vo rule by fairly meeting all issues as they arise In a proper spirit, with an intelligent dispo- sition to fairly mvestigato, and then to consider that pertaps the white men among you may have grievances, I say thisin a Kindly spirit, foresee- ing the difficulties which may arise ia the future. dn bringing you presents from our government I made such selections as I honestly thought Would be of the greatest service to you. It may have seemed a strange selection, but I belteyed thatI knew Samoa and the Samoans, I know that you can build government houses and begin the work of law making, but I kaew that such presents you could mot create; that they would not only be acceptable, but that it was @ recogni- tion of the Timua; that artillery around your government house, @ dressed and armed guard and police force, would digniiy your government and speak a decided language to al! Samoans, 1t means that the ceniral government here at Mull- nun ts the rebognized authority of tho islands, ‘The senseless argument which has been advanced at other places tbat this looked warlike is scarcely worthy of comment, Itis a guarantee of protec- tion against internal dissensions, and will servo to cause the government to be respected; it 18 @ safeguard against the horri- ble and unnatural wars which have raged upon the islands, A recognized authority will know how to protect itself and the people. As against the great armed nations of the world you will never be strong, but your legitimate strength will be In your paucity of numbvers—your yery Weakness will be your real strength. The honesty of your intentions and the wisdom of your laws will cauge you to be protected and respected by all nations, You are new entering upon &@ new era of your history. You begin life anew, and, your labors but just commenced, the eyes of other people wili be upon you. I bave told you of Hawall; it 13 a kingdom; its officers educated, its Parliament composed of native. Hawallans; their laws are mild and just and their little island kingdom is recognized and respected abroad, Peace pre- vails and the people are happy, yet the country produces little other than lard and sugar. The Hawaiians are a mild and gentle race, having a 1urge share of human intelligence; tho people are generally educated; but with all my respect for them itis plain they are physically and Intell tually inferior to Samoans. Diseases have made sad navoc among this interesting race; thelr pop- ulation seems to be passing away. en this brief notice of Hawaii, you may judge 01 WHAT YOU MAY ACCOMPLISH with your abundant resources in the days tO come. The King of Hawali, Kalakaua, whom I have the pleasure of knowing well, has manifested a most lively interest in your welfare, and he will look for news of your progress and real concern, You are bots islanders, and my priie in your prog- ress and elevation I cannot find terms to ex- press. My interest is made manifestin the fact that I have leit home and {riends to jaja you. In the beginning of your career it is not only work, but work tn the right direction. ‘The establishment of a government is nota light work. Thore must be oMcers of the central government; there are to be districts with repre- sentatives and local magistrates; there must be several government buildings and harbor reguia- tions, All this will not be as troublesome and dificult as it now appears, THB ACUKPTABLE TIME. Let us progre: Tapid!y a8 possible so that the Tuscarora can take back to America a report ofyour labors and that the Caprain can speak favorably to the President of the United States. This is not the Gay to determine the detalls of Work. After this day I will be among you, and you can find me at all times, This ts a day of Joy for Samoa and kindly greet- ings expressive of our love for you and hopes in and varied resources, &@ genial climate and perennial vegetation, Samoa has the elements of Weajth and prosperity. This tu a gtranger is more appareat after a visil to other isiands in this ocean. The Hawatian Isiands, naked and barren com- pared with Samoa, have an established and weil- reguiated government, recoguized by the Chris. ‘This comes trom unifi- cation and indusiry. The same iuture ls open to yourselves. YOUR NATURAL RESOURCES will enable you to accumplisn vastly more in a sorter space oi time, The inierest taken in you by the United Staces 1s not to bea matter of speculation or invidious criticism, For tour years you have petitioned our government, asking that America jend you aid and comiort in the establishing of @ goverament, and such Instruc- | thous in lawmaking and civil polity as will best enabie you to carry out your own desires and create @ firm und stable government. OUR PRESENCE here to-day is the best answer to your Mtitions, and manifests the kiadly interest we take in your welfare, ‘the nistory of America is the practical story of equality, andin the last fifieen years we have fought tarough a@ great war to release the dark- skinned people in our midst irom slavery. In this war nearly @ million of soldiers were slain (thirty time; many people as are now in all Samoa), and many millious of dollars expeaded,and now all are free and equal, Our hope now is that you grow in power and importance and forever retain your independence. The knowledge of your iree- dum and gencral advancement, and the uct that you become & nation, willam ly repay the kindly efforts which America may put forth for your good, shia will make com.ty and best sure sub- stantial protection to our people whu may be among you, as well a8 all o:her foreigners, Jt 1a with no ordinary emotions of pleasure that Tagain visit you. 1 first 10 amoug you alone aod unarmed. I come now'to remain with you, | delegated by our President to ata youand report your material progress, With me are a few gentie- men Whom you will come to know, and you will | find them earnest and willing in their efforts tn | your beualt. FOR YOUR PATIENCE in waiting and your fatth in my return, Il now offer | you my sincere thanks, America is far away, and | | my journey bas been along one and my labors unceasing in your interest, » bhave talked of Samoa at home; our newspapers have spoken of you until you bave come to be known to our people. I had no means of talking to you at this great distance, but you have never been out ol my mind. Now that lbave retarnea Jam proud to note your advancement, not so much practically asin your disposition to make @ government, create laws and avide by them, Your untty will be the best guarantce of your perpe- tuity a3 @ nation, and to this end all must lavor, THE ZARMIRAS AND CHIEFS throughout the entire group must lend the weight oftheir influence, and by labor m council and earnestness of purpose give such aa example to the masses of the people that industry and thrift wiil forever take the place of idleness, Samoa sbould not live naked aud disunited because God has given you @ iertile country and furnished you the future. ‘This is all. May the eye of God be upon you, THE NEW GOVERNMENT OF SAMOA ANNOUNCED IN THE SANDWICH ISLANDS, HoNovny, July 2, 1975. The United States ship Tuscarora arrived Juno 20irom Samoa, bringing news of the establisn- ment of @ monarchico-republic, of which Colonel Stemberger is //remler. THE NEW KINGDOM ASKS FOR RECOGNITION, HONOLULU, July 2, 1875. Lieutenant Morris, of tho United States snip Pensacola, has come on from Samos, accredited as Wavoy to King Kalakaua, to ask for recognition of the new government among the fanaily ef ua- tions, HAWAIL COMMERCIAL RECIPROCITY A STRONG LINK IN THE FRIENDLY RELATIONS WITH AMERICA~A GRAND RECEPTION 10 UNITED STATES OFFICERS—F1ELD sPonts. HONOLOLU, S. L, July 2, 1875. Growing out of the sentiment of reciprocity as it exists 1m Our community is the very cordiai and friendly relation now existing between our citl- zens and the naval representatives of the United States, RECEPTION AT CovRt. ‘This feeling cniminated on the evening of June 25, and found expression in a@ grand reception and ball to Admiral Aimy, Captain Gheradt and officers of the Unitea States stp: of war in Port. Their Majestics the King and Queen we: pryeeas accompanied oy His Royal High rince Leleiohoxu, Princess Lydia K. Doimuinis, Princess Likelike Cleghorn and His Majesry’s Ministers und their wives, ‘the whole afair passed of well, leaving memories that will ve pleasant to aweil upon tn seers to come, AMERICAN SAILORS BEATEN IN A FIEL Our young men Nave institutes seve: clubs, one of waich, the Athletics, w it to have @ match game with w ‘nine? from the yj jd States snip Vensacola, and it remains for me to say that the ‘boys in bine” were sadiy beaten in two gamer, Pacing the quarterdeck at sea and playing the gaiant in Z, ayers FIRR ON AM AMERICAN SHIP—A KING TU OUL TO ENDEAVOR TO SAvE PROPERTY, TlONOLULY, ST, duly 2, 1875, On the 2ist of Juno the fine American ship £merald, of New York, while lying off this por t, Was discovered to be on fire. Word was tmme- diately sent to the United States ship Pensacola and men were at once despatched to assist in sub- auing the fire or to bring the ship into port, milght be deemed advisabie, The steam tug was sent out and the ship brought alongsi@e the expianade, where it was deemed best to zcuttle her in twenty-three feet of water. A PRELIMINARY SURVEY Was held, resulting in a recommendation to have the ship raised tor furthor survey, Work on the snip will begin at once, although but little hope exists in the minds of those most competent to Juage of finding Ler in a condition whieh Will war- rant repaira, The moat damage has been done on the port side, from forward of the main tgging to the tanrail. A MONARCH'S AID, Our firo compantes turned out and did good Guage, keepiug the fre under and finally sub- ain, With subsistence without lavor, Party jealousios His Majesty and the Prince Royal turned ous port is not tho | tratoing required to develop a Champion base bail | it and ald yeomen’s work upon ir influence aud example natives to work, with the depart the bral and by leading a large force AT THE ANTIPODES. sie A REE THE BURKE AND WILLS EXPLORATION MISSION— WHAT BECAME OF THE COMMAND ?--WAs THERE FOUL PLAY AT THE HANDS OF & COMRADE ? Sypney, N. S, W,, June 5, 1875. There bas always been a great mystery avout the way io which Burke and Wills, the Australian explorers, came to their death in their expedition overland from Victorta to tue Guif of Carpentaria. THE SURVIVOR, KING, never properly explaiued (his matier after ue set tled down in his native district. WHAT IS SAID ABOUT IT, One of the Australian papers has the following Interesting items on the suoject:— “A resident im Sale, who was a neighbor or King’s at Pranan, reports that the latter oftem related to him the way in which Burke mot nis death, King’s story was that Burke and Wills had a@ quarrel, while the woole company were starving, aud ‘that Burke drew a revolver and hot Wiils tn the snonlder. Ho fell, but immedi- im and fired at Burke, shot. King said tat be remained with bot men until they died,” Since the over- land telegraph line has been erected, the.visitors to the centre of the Continent have beea far more numero than formerly; and more intel course has been nad ‘with the native: by the ploneer _ settlers. From South Australia gud from Qucensland, settlement is extending to the district where poor burke and Wills found thelr iast resting place, and curious stories are now being circulated about the man- { ner of their death. 1¢ would seem that.a terrioe tragedy had been committed there. In a late nomber of the Sydney Zvening News, what pur- ports to be an account of Burke’s death is given by agentioman who had recently paid a visit ta the Cooper’s Creek disuict. This account la sup- stauually THE RELATION MADE BY A BLACK GIN of what sie saw and Knew of the occurrence; and tn his lollowing etrange passage occurs :—*" gin whom L spoke ta recollected the exporers and helped te cover Burke’s bouy with bushes after his death. She also ‘affirmed taat Burke had notdied of starvation, but had been snot by “nothur one white fellow,’ Tnis is a somewaas startling statement, and a rather diferent ver- sion of alfairs to what ts commonly delioved. The gin could scarcely have Invented such a story, and ge persisted in saying that she had actualiy seem @ White fellow wio answers In eVeiy Way to the description of King come behind Burke when he was stooping at the fire roasting a duck and shoot him im the side, After a lapse of al! these years and the deata of King, against whom tn leariui charge is brought, (6 might be consider advisable to let the matter rest; pat now that tng country Is being Anlekiy settled in the neignbor- hood, the traditions of the blacks will become better known to white men, and ibis subject will, thereiore, sooner or later be mooted, And it it right that BING’S CHARACTER should be cleared from so joul a blot, if there ts no ioundation lor the report; while on the other hand, if true, no one ould be accused reasonably of exposing the perpetration of so dastardiy @ crime. It will, no doubt, de in the recollection of some that King, after nis return to Melbourne, told the Expedition Committee that there was some secret in connection with the expedition that he could not divuige while living. There was some mystery to conceal, at all events, and} have not heard that it was cleared upafter King’s death, which took place a year or two ago. It was generally supposed that King’s secret was connected with Gray’s death on the return jours ney from Uarpentaria, who Was sald to have been #0 tll used by Burke as to cause his death. Wills, however, fully exouerated nis chief trom this 1m. putation; bul it was notorious that botn King and Gray had not @ kindly feeling toward Burke, on account of the latter beiug very strict with them on the journey. AUSTRALIA AND THE CENTENNIAL--NEW SOUTER WALES MOVING FOR A PROPER REPRESEN: TATION AT THM AMERICAN EXHIBITION. Stpnxy, June 2, 1875, To THB Epiror Or THE HERALD:— New South Wales, the oldest and wealthiest and therefore apparentiy the sleeplost—of the Aw stralian colonies is at last awaking to the neces sity of advertising herself and her capabilities a little more than she has hitherto done, aud our government as @ preliminary step has appointed a commission to collect exhibits for your 1876 Im ternational and Centenary Philadelphia Exhivt tion, and voted us £5,000 to defray expenses. I enclose you the names ofall the genviemen in the commission, amoung whom are most of our lead ing scientific, literary and patriotic men, as alao a few members of onr legislative bodies, and alsoa synopsis of the special divisions of lavor, with the | Tespective namos of the sub-committees, showing that the commission ia now fairly in harness and desirous to have everyting done well aud pune tually. Of course we cannot hope to Induce one single immigrant to our colony from your Empire by the exhibition of even our very best products; but now that we have direct steam communication from Sydney to San Francisco, tt ts very possivie that efther the quality or the speciai nature o some of our goods may tuduc» you to buy or var. ter, as circumstances may determine, and alse that the undoubtedly great mineral wealth we have, but which We seem neither to have the proper knowteige, skill nor enterprise to tully ae- velop, may temps a few of your experienced minera to come and show us the way. | As for our Wvols, they speak ‘or thomselves, ag our climate and herbage are such as to give thema special firmness, elasticity anda quality generally that cunnot be excelled. | AS our Coal feds, too, ate more worked, their tnmonse exient and figh qnaiity of fuel are being | dally proved wore and mere, and the recent dis- | coveriea Of Our hewly (and frst) appointea | Goverament Geological Surveyor (Mr. O. 3. Wil- | Kinson) proves beyond a doubt that they belong to tle best and oldest moasares known, aud as the ret paymeat ior your Eastern Goast car. goes o otings” and West Coast cargoes of | grata and flour ts principally made tn “coal” (and | & lieve ingot tn latterly), its big quality is a gain to born of us, In Case it may be of any interest or Information to you | enclose ourcustoms returns for the iast three years, showing the course of trade between us aud yourselves, montionimg Imcidentaily that the values for 1872-1573 were fur ad valorem duty purposes (we have no-ad valorem duties now) and, tuereiore, the net vulne in the States, and also (hat tus Counage of nipping 1s the register | and not the burden, so that 4 Very large per. | centage may safely be added on to boih value and | tonnage to give tho real amounts respectively, You will observe by the sudden increase in 1874 | what direct sc¢am trafic tas aiready done to | widen the basis of our mutual trade relations, and that, howover tosigniicant our business if | with you at present, taere is both prospect and hope ot Its eariy and iarge expansion, Ju conclusion, a few rough figures may serve to | give you @ general Idea of waat New South Wales 3 realily like, and likely to grow to, Area, avout 196,090,000 acres; population, 600,000; total export of wool ananally, about 00,000 [bs.; gold and minerals, about £2,000,000; general imporis and exports, about £7,! each; good postal and telegraphic | communication; —shree | main limes of railroad — cuncurrently pro- | greasing, and threo mail sieam lines montity to Europe, via Atmerica ana Ina, Government, Governor appointed by Greats Britain; House of Nominees aud House of elected Representatives; vote by ballot; manhood suf frae; @ free churci a free school and almost everyting else free, and one of the finest and heal/utest climates tn the world, with sugar ie in tue north, maize in the south and wine, wi | and wool everywhere througn the len breadth of the land; with Sydney, tne o; built 1p One of che finest harbors in the wor! in the midst of bundreds of square miles of le iron and fireciay formation, which, in the course of time, i utlit will make her a Liverpool and Kirminglam in » Lam, sit, your obdlived ser- } Vani, R. ADAMS, | STATISTICAL RUTORNS. | 1872. | from the United oj Stan 118,749 fl 43,500 seve 85,208 Imports to New Sonth Wales from the United, F ‘£181,290 States. ‘i 74.799 Tonnage from | Wales . B16 | Ton } Wa 72,919 Imports to New South Wales trom the United MAWES. cs vecs sees ‘ Prete iy + 0283,848 | Exports from New South Wales to the Unired Wale on sever 165,008 | Tonn States to New South | Wa 4 22,050 Tonn Waies oe 125,178 |. ‘rhe difference in excess of export tonnage from New South Wales iv caused by vessels irom ovner coantries than the Untted States loading (coal | principally) for San Francisco, Pil THK NATIVES DECIMATED VY MEASLES AND RE LAPSING INTO MHATHENISM. AUCKLAND, N. Z., June 11, 1875, From Viji papers to hand [ glean the following, | Tho mensies hive entirely died out and the re | Motning native en are ay work again, it